Irhafu yempahla yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimali karhulumente yasekuhlaleni, ukuxhasa iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla qha qha — ukusuka kwizikolo abantwana bethu abaya kuzo ukuya kwiindlela esihamba kuzo nakwimisebenzi yongxamiseko ekhuselayo. Kodwa, kumnini-khaya kunye nabaqeshi bendlu, iirhafu zempahla zihlala ziyimfuno engaziwayo kwaye zidla ngokudimaza. Ukuqonda indlela iirhafu ezisebenza ngayo akuyo nje imbopheleleko yemihla ngemihla; bubuchule obusebenzayo obungakusindisa imali, ukukunceda ekukhuthazeni irhafunxa irhafu entle, kwaye kukunike ilizwi ngendlela eya kubume bengingini. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luza kuchaza yonke into oyifunayo ukuze wazi ngerhafuthe, ukususela kwiindlela zokubala ukubhenela kunye nempembelelo ebanzi kwibutho lakho.

Iyintoni Irhafu Yempahla?

Iirhafu zempahla zi [[QURT:0] ziinkokhelo zerhafu ezithenjiweyo ngokwexabiso lempahla. Ngokubhekiselele kwixabiso lepropati. Oorhulumente bengingqi ````Iirhafu'', oomasipala, isithili sesikolo, kunye neendawo ezikhethekileyo zokuhlawula irhafu kumhlaba wenene (ilizwe nezakhiwo) kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwimpahla yobuqu (njengezithuthi, izixhobo, okanye iimpahla zeshishini). Ingeniso edityanisiweyo ngumthombo oyintloko wemali kwintluntluntlu-lukwano neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke-wonke.

Ngokungafaniyo nerhafu yengeniso okanye yentengiso, eqokelelwa ngabameli belifa lesizwe okanye besizwe, irhafu yempahla phantse ingumsebenzi wasekuhlaleni. Oku kwenza uluntu lufakelwe ityala elithe ngqo kwinkqubo yalo yerhafu, kodwa kwakhona kuthetha umahluko omkhulu kwixabiso, iindlela zokuhlola, nokungakhululi kwiimiba eyahlukeneyo.

Inkcitho Yempahla Embalini

Irhafu yempahla inemvelaphi enzulu kwimbali yaseMerika. Kwanangaphambi kokuba umGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. phambi kokuba urhulumente wamakoloni axhomekeke kwirhafu yempahla ngenxa yokuba impahla yayiyinto ebonakalayo, engenakushenxiswa ekunzima ukuyifihla kubahloli. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, inkqubo iye yatshintsha yatshintsha yaya kuhambelana nemithetho egqwethekileyo, kodwa ikwakwafuneka igxekwe ngokuphinda iphinde isetyenziswe okanye ingabinanto. Ukuqonda le mbali kunceda abemi baqonde isizathu sokuba imigudu yokuguqula okanye yokuguqula izinto yanamhlanje isoloko icotha kwaye ibekwa icala ngezobupolitika.

Indlela Ebalwa Ngayo Irhafu Yempahla

Indlela esisiseko yokuhlawula irhafu yempahla ilula, kodwa iinxalenye zayo zinokuba lukhuni:

  • [[FLT: 0] Ixabiso elibekwe × Isantya Serhafu = Impahla Ilindelekile

Ngezantsi, siqhekeza iprojekthi nganye ngokweenkcukacha.

Ixabiso elicinezelweyo

Impahla nganye inikwe ixabiso eliqingqiweyo liyi-'FLT''' elicingisisiweyo' ngomhloli werhafu wobulali. Eli xabiso lenzelwe ukumela ipesenti yexabiso lentengiso yempahla (ixabiso ethengiswayo kwintengiso evulekileyo). Noko ke, umlinganiselo wohlolo uyahluka ngokolawulo. Ezinye iindawo zihlola kwi 100% yexabiso lemarike, ngelixa ezinye zisebenzisa iqhezu (umz. 50% yexabiso lentengiso). Ngaphezu koko, iingxelo azihlaziyi ndawo ezininzi, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwimibangxube-mali ekhoyo phakathi kwexabiso elithengwayo nexabiso lokwenene.

Abahloli baqwalasela oothunywashe abafana nobungakanani bempahla, indawo, imeko, inkqubela-phambili, kunye nokuthengiswa kwezinto ezifanayo. Ukuba ulungisile kakhulu, ngokufana nokudibanisa igumbi lokuhlambela elitsha okanye ukugqiba igumbi lokuhlala elingaphantsi komgangatho wenqanawe.

Isantya Serhafu

Umlinganiselo werhafu, osoloko uchazwa njengomlinganiselo wemali epheleleyo [iimali ezi-irandi], lixabiso lerhafu ngexabiso le-R1,000. Isinyithi esinye silingana ne-$$20,000 ngexabiso le-$$2,000) yexabiso le-R10. Umzekelo, isantya sokusila se 25 yeminwe sithetha indawo enexabiso elilinganayo le-R20,000 [R250 000] ityala kwirhafu yempahla (R3000 000 000 000 × 25 = R5000).

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bamisela la manani ngokwenkqubo yabo yoqingqo-mali. I-evy (umphingo omele uphakanyiswe) yahlulwe lixabiso elipheleleyo elithelekisa zonke izinto ezinokuhlawulwa kwigunya ukufika kumlinganiselo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso empahla anyukayo, irhafu ingahla ukugcina ilevy ingathathi-nxaxheba, ngaphandle kokuba abavoti bavumele ulwando (ngoko ngemilinganiselo yamaqhina).

Izikhuseli neziThlawuliso

Ukuthoba inxalenye ehlawulwayo yexabiso lepropati. Ukungahlawuli okuqhelekileyo kuquka:

  • Ikhaya elikwindawo ephezulu ephezulu ekukhutshweni: Likhona kwizindlu ezingundoqo ezisebenzayo zomnini. Inciphisa ixabiso elinokuhlawulwa, eliqheleke ngexabiso elisisigxina okanye ipesenti.
  • Intengo kunye nokungagqibeki: Inikezelwe kumazwe amaninzi ukunciphisa umthwalo werhafu kubaninimakhaya abakhulileyo okanye abakhubazekileyo.
  • Izikhuseli: kumava akhululweyo ngesidima, ngamanye amaxesha asekelwe kwisiphene senkonzo esidityanisiweyo.
  • Ubukho becawa kunye nengcebiso: Iimpahla ezisetyenziselwa unqulo okanye iinjongo ezingangeni ngeniso zingakhululwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngenxalenye.
  • Ulungiso lwezolimo lokusebenzisa i-Valuation: Ifama ingathathwa ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kwezolimo kunexabiso lentengiso, icutha irhafu.

Khangela kwiofisi yomntu ofunda naye ukuba yeyiphi na into esebenzayo kuwe, kodwa ingayinciphisa kakhulu imali yakho.

Ubalo

  • Imali yekhaya lakho: R350 000
  • Umlinganiselo wobalo: 80% (ixabiso elithelekisayo = ii-R240 000)
  • Ukungahlawulwa ekhaya: Ii - R2 000 (ixabiso elihlawulekayo liba zii - R240 000 - R2 000 = ii - R210 000)
  • Imali-mali: Amatye okugaya angama - 20 (R2 000 kwixabiso elinokuhlawulwa)
  • Irhafu yempahla = R2,50 000 × 20 = $4 200

Iintlobo Zerhafu Yempahla

Ngoxa abantu abaninzi becinga ngerhafu yezindlu, iirhafu zinokusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zempahla.

Irhafu Yempahla Yokwenene

Le yirhafu yomhlaba nezakhiwo ezidityaniswe kuyo ngokusisigxina, izindlu, izakhiwo zezorhwebo, iindawo zoshishino, kunye namafama angenalutho. Le yeyona rhafu yempahla ibalulekileyo kwiintsapho ezininzi.

Irhafu Yempahla Yobuqu

Kwamanye amazwe, impahla yobuqu enjengezithuthi, izikhephe, iinqwelo-moya, izixhobo zoshishino, kunye noludwe loludwe lwamaxabiso ayahlawulwa. Kumashishini, oku kunokuba yindleko enkulu. Noko ke, amazwe amaninzi angayifaki kwirhafu impahla yasekhaya kunye nezithuthi zobuqu okanye anyanzelise irhafu yepropati ebhaliswe ngokwahlukileyo.

Izicelo ezikhethekileyo

Ezi asizorhafu zempahla jikelele kodwa zikhonkelelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto ezinokungenelwa kuphuculo oluthile, olufana nendlela entsha, isibane sesitrato, okanye imigca ehamba ngemigqomo. Iingxelo ezikhethekileyo zibalwa ngokusekelwe kwinzuzo efunyenweyo (umz., i-aftica) kunokuba zibe nexabiso lempahla.

Kutheni Irhafu Yemihlaba Ibalulekile?

Iinkonzo zerhafu yempahla ezibalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Nantsi indlela esetyenziswa ngayo le mali:

  • Public K-12 Education: ngokomlinganiselo, malunga nama-30-40% engeniso yerhafu yempahla asiwa kwisithili sesikolo sasekuhlaleni, eyenza ibe yeyona mithombo yemali enkulu kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke kumazwe amaninzi.
  • Ukhuseleko lwamapolisa: amasebe amapolisa, iinkonzo zomlilo, ukuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka, kunye 911 iiposi zixhomekeke kakhulu kwirhafu yempahla.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ugcino-lwazi lwezakhiwo: Iindlela, iibhulorho, uthutho lukawonke-wonke, iinkqubo zamanzi kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma zixhaswa ukusuka kulomthombo.
  • Imizi, iThala leeNcwadi, kunye neNdlu yoHlaliso: ipaki, amaziko oluntu, amathala eencwadi kawonke-wonke, iinkqubo zokuzonwabisa, kunye nezakhiwo zenkcubeko zisoloko zixhomekeke kwingeniso yerhafu yempahla.
  • [[UMTL:0] Jikelele IiNkonzo zikaRhulumente: IiNkundla, ukugcina ingxelo, ulawulo lwerhafu, kunye neminye imisebenzi yolawulo lukarhulumente wasekuhlaleni.
  • [[Ukwabelana] nokuphilisa kunye neeNkonzo zeNtlalo: Kwezinye iindawo, iirhafu zempahla zixhasa amasebe ezempilo kawonke-wonke, iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kunye neenkqubo zabasweleyo.

Ngenxa yokuba irhafu yempahla ihlawulwa kwindawo ethile, abavoti bachaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba bafuna ukutyala malini kwezi nkonzo ngonyulo olumanyeneyo nangohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali. Olu nxulumano lungundoqo kulawulo lwedemokhrasi.

Ukuqonda Irhafu Yempahla Yakho

Imali yerhafu yempahla ingadida. Nali icandelo ngalinye eliqukwayo kwaye yintoni ekufuneka ijongwe:

  • [[Ukwahlula:0] Uchazo:[[FT:1] Inani leParcel, inkcazelo engokwasemthethweni, kunye nedilesi yempahla.
  • Ixabiso elithelekisayo nexabiso elinokuhlawulwa: Ixabiso eliqingqiweyo kunye nayiphi na intengiselwano efunekayo ukufika kwixabiso elinokuhlawulwa.
  • Isantya se-Tax (Isantya se-Mqaqo): Isantya esisetyenziswa kwixabiso lakho elinokuhlawulwa, elidla ngokukruqulwa lirhafu yegunya (ilizwe, isixeko, isithili sesikolo, njl.njl.).
  • Ityala lokugqibela olityala, maxa wambi eliquka incopho yonyaka.
  • Imihla elindelekileyo kunye netyala lokugqibela: ulawulo oluninzi luvumela intlawulo encinane okanye ehlawulwa ngonyaka. Intlawulo yamva isenokungenisa inzala okanye izigwebo.
  • Iindlela zobhatala: Ulwazi ngokuhlawula kwi Internet, ngeposi, ngokobuqu, okanye ngokubolekisa ngendlu.

Ukuba unetyala lokutyala imali, irhafu yempahla isoloko iqokelelwa kwityala lemali yemali, ithetha ukuba uhlawula umbaleki wakho nyanga nganye oza kuhlawula kwigunya lerhafu kuwe. Rhoqo hlola ityala kwanokuba lithe gqi //intelekelelo ekuhlolweni okanye iintelekiso zingaqhubeka iminyaka.

Ukucenga Irhafu Yempahla Yakho

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ixabiso lakho lovavanyo alichananga, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba umhloli utyeshelwe uhlahlo, umonakalo wakutshanje, okanye ngenxa yokuba urhwebo oluthelekisekileyo lucebisa ixabiso elisezantsi(*) unelungelo lokubhenela. Nasi isikhokethi senyathelo ngenyathelo:

  1. [[UMTL: 0] Jonga isaziso sakho soluvo: Jonga iimpazamo kwiimpawu zempahla (inyawo, inani lezindlu zangasese, ubungakanani bentlawulo, imeko) kwaye uqinisekise ukuba zonke iimvume ozibizayo ziyasetyenziswa.
  2. Ubungqina obukhoyo: qokelela ugcino-lwazi lwentengiso lweempawu ezilinganayo (ii-comps) kummandla wakho, ngokukodwa ukusuka kwixesha elinye lohlolo. Kwakhona, qwalasela ukufumana ujongo olunobuchule. Kwimisebenzi yezorhwebo, ingeniso kunye nogcino-lwazi lwenkcitho lungafuneka.
  3. Ukwazi iNdlela Efileyo: Izibheno zinezibheno ezingqongqo zefashoni yefestile, ngokunjalo 30 ukuya 60 iintsuku emva kokuba isaziso siposwe. Ukungalifumani ixesha elimiselweyo kulahlekelwa ilungelo lakho lokubhenela kulo nyaka.
  4. Ifayile Isibheno somthetho: Oku kubandakanya ngokuqhelekileyo ukungenisa isicelo esibhaliweyo okanye uhlobo kwibhodi yakho yohlolo lwengingqi yobulali okanye ibhodi yengingqi yokulinganisa. Amandla amaninzi anika iizibuko zengingqi ze Internet.
  5. [[UMTL:0] Lungiselela ukuva: Ungafuneka ukuba unikele imeko yakho ngokobuqu okanye ngokuvakalayo. Yiba mfutshane, ulungele, ulungiselele, ulungiselele ukuchaza isizathu sokuba ubungqina bakho buxhasa ixabiso elisezantsi.
  6. Cwangcisa Uncedo loogqirha: Abacebisi berhafu yemihlaba, abajoliseli, okanye amagqwetha eendawo angayiphatha inkqubo ukuze afumane umrhumo, ngokufuthi ipesenti yemali egciniweyo.

Izibheno zixhaphakile yaye iingxaki ezininzi eziphumelelayo zibangela ukuba uncitshiswe, kwanokuba ukunciphisa intwana encinane kunokukusindisa amakhulu okanye amawaka eerandi.

Imbono Eqhelekileyo Ngeerhafu Zemihlaba

  • Imyuziyam: Iirhafu zempahla zisekelwe kwixabiso lemali yendlu yakho. Fact: Zisekelwe kwixabiso eliqingqiweyo, elinokuba lipesenti yexabiso lentengiso. Ii-assess ezisoloko zihla okokuba zisemva kotshintsho lwentengiso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Imyuziyam: kuphela abanini-makhaya bahlawula iirhafu zempahla. FTC: Abathathi bahlawula irhafu yempahla ngokungangqalanga ngerente yabo, njengokuba abanini-ndlu befakela irhafu yempahla kwixabiso lerhafu.
  • Imbaza: amaqondo erhafu yepropati ayafana kuyo yonke indawo. FTCS: Amanani ahluka-hlukene kakhulu ngokwezwe, ingingqi, kwanangaphakathi kwezixeko. Umzekelo, amaqondo entengiso yempahla asebenzayo (ipesenti yexabiso lasekhaya) usuka ngaphantsi kwe 0.5% eHawaii ukuya ngaphezulu 2% kwi-New Jersey ngokweTreadation.
  • [[FLT: 0]] Umthungo: irhafu yakho yempahla inyuka kuphela ukuba ixabiso lempahla yakho liyanda. Fact: Nokuba ixabiso lempahla yakho lihlala lithe tyaba, irhafu inganyuka ukuba urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ufuna ingeniso eninzi okanye ukuba ixabiso lonke lokuncitshiswa kwemiqathango yesithili lihla.
  • [[FLT: 0] Myth: Ukuba uhlawula ityala lakho lendlu, akusafuneki ukuba uhlawule irhafu yempahla. '''''''' irhafu yempahla ingumsebenzi ohlala uhleli nokuba ungomnye wemali ezukileyo. Usafumana ityala kwaye kufuneka ulihlawule ngqo ukuba awukhange utsale.
  • [[FLT: 0] Imyuziyam: Imibutho ye-Charitable isoloko ikhululekile kwirhafu yempahla. Imithetho yentengo iyahluka; eminye ingeniso kufuneka isebenzise kwaye ingakhululwa kuphela kwipropati esetyenziselwa umsebenzi wayo wesisa.

Ubuchule Bokuphatha Irhafu Yempahla Yakho

Nangona ungenakuyiphepha irhafu yempahla ngokupheleleyo (intsilelo yokungabi namhlaba), kukho iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuyinciphisa:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ityala lonke olukhoyo: uqinisekisa ukuba ufake isicelo sekhaya elisemgangathweni, esiphezulu, esinamava, esikhubazekileyo, okanye ezinye iimvume ongayifanelekelanga.
  • Phendula i Applement Yakho Rhoqo: Ukuba ixabiso lempahla yakho lirhoxisile okanye ugqibo lwakho aluchananga, ifayile ibhena. Amanye amazwe avumela ukudlulisa nyaka ngamnye; amanye umlinganiselo wobuninzi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Cwangcisa Inkqubo yerhafu: Amanye amazwana avumela abakhulu okanye abanini-makhaya abakhubazekileyo ukuba babambe irhafu yempahla de umnini athengiswe okanye umnini afe. Oku kunganciphisa ukuhamba kwemali kodwa kuqukumbele inzala.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umthetho wesicwangciso sokubhatala: Ukuba uzama ukuhlawula ngexesha, iiofisi ezininzi zerhafu zasekuhlaleni zinika izivumelwano zequmrhu ukunqanda isohlwayo.
  • Ulungiso olunyuse ixabiso elicingisisiweyo: Ngelixesha ulungiso lunokongeza ixabiso, lungabangela utshintsho kwakhona. Ukuqonda ukuba inkqubela-phambili ikhutshwa kummandla wakho (umz., impumelelo ephezulu yamandla maxa wambi ayingengenwa ngalwandiswa).
  • [[NTLALA:0] Irhafu yerhafu yetrafiki okanye imida: Amanyathelo avunyiweyo, njengendawo yeKhalifoniya ye 13 okanye iBhili yobhatala yamaLungelo eColorado, ulinganisela unyuko lwaminyaka le kwixabiso lerhafu okanye ixabiso lerhafu. Ungabandakanyeka kumanyathelo okubala asekuhlaleni.

Irhafu Yempahla Nomanyano

Ukuqonda iirhafu zempahla kukunika amandla okuba nenxaxheba ekwenzeni izigqibo zemali zasekuhlaleni. Uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente wasekuhlaleni ludla ngokwakhiwa yingeniso yerhafu yempahla. Yiya kwiintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu, iintlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo, kunye neentlanganiso zengingqi zengingqi apho kuphikiswana ngexabiso lerhafu nemali ehlawulwayo. Ukubophelela ngemilinganiselo yamaqhina (ngokuqhelekileyo efuna ukuphumelela) kuchaphazela ngqo enoba izikolo ezintsha, iindlela, okanye ipaki ziyakhiwa. Ukuba nolwazi luthetha ukuba ungaxhasa ukulingana, irhafuthelo olufanelekileyo olufuna uluntu nemali yakho elungeleleneyo.

Inkqubo yerhafu yempahla ayifezekanga ``Ingangabi naluzizi, ingaphinda iphinde ibe nzulu, kwaye ityekele ekungalinganini-jinga-jinga-jinga-jinga-jinga-jinga'/kodwa ikwayenye yezona mithombo zengeniso zedemokhrasi. Umnini-mpahla ngamnye unemiqathango engqalileyo kwindlela imali yakhe esetyenziswa ngayo.

Ukukhangela Phambili: Ikamva Lerhafu Yemihlaba

Ubugcisa butshintsha uhlolo lwepropati. Ezinye iindawo ngoku zisebenzisa iimodeli zokulinganisela okuzenzekelayo (AVM), umfanekiso wesatellite, kunye nee-drones ukuphucula ucoselelo kunye nokucwangcisa ixesha. Kwinkqubo, kukho impikiswano eqhubekayo ngokutshintsha kwerhafu yempahla yesithethe ukuya kwixabiso lerhafu yomhlaba (LVT) okanye ezinye iinkqubo ezingezinye iindlela. Ezi ngxoxo ziyimfuneko ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo apho ukukwazi ukuhlalisa izindlu kuyingozi. Ukuhlala usazi ngeenguqu ezicetyisiweyo kukuvumela ukuba uthathe inxaxheba ekuxoliseni ikamva lempilo yoluntu lwakho.

Isiphelo

Iirhafu zempahla zingaphezulu kakhulu kunemali yonyaka nemali esetyenziswayo yokuxhasa iimfuno zikawonke-wonke ezenza uluntu lukwazi ukuhlawuleka, lukhuseleke, luhambe kakuhle. Ngokuqonda indlela irhafu yempahla yakho ebhankini, oko ungakukhupha ngayo, indlela yokubhenela ukugqithisa, nesizathu sokuba le rhafu ibaluleke ngakumbi, uba ngumxhasi osebenzayo kwimfuno yakho nento elungileyo. Zinike ixesha lokuhlola irhafu yakho, ubandakanye nenkqubo yakho yoqingqo-mali, kwaye uhlole izinto ezithenjiweyo ezinikezelwa yimibutho enjenge irhafulthi yempahla okanye [FOLD] irhafu yepropatimenti.[FFOT] [FFFF]][FT]