Iriphabliki ayiyonkqubo karhulumente nje; sisakhiwo sokwenza izigqibo ezimanyeneyo ezibuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubunjani bobomi, ithuba, kunye nokusesikweni okukhoyo kubemi bayo. Le ngxelo yinkqubo yezopolitiko apho ulawulo luhlala khona nabantu, abalusebenzisayo ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ngabameli abanyuliweyo ababotshelelwe ngomgaqo-siseko. Ukuqonda iriphabliki kuthetha ukuqonda iimpumelelo zamandla, iimbopheleleko zobumi, kunye nemiphumo ecacileyo yokulawula ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa imigaqo esebenzayo yeriphabliki, indima efunekayo kubemi bayo, iinguqu-ntlobo-ntlobo zemibutho elingunyaka kulo lonke ihlabathi, kunye neendlela ezithe ngqo zokuphumelela nokungaphumeleli kwayo ezibonakala kwimikhwa yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Ukuchaza IRiphabliki: Iimpawu Eziyintloko Nemvelaphi Yembali

Igama elithi "republic" lisuka kwi Latin ye-publica, elithetha "imicimbi kawonke-wonke" okanye "into yoluntu". Le nto ibalulekileyo: ingqina ukuba urhulumente yinto ekhoyo kawonke-wonke, hayi impahla yabucala yomlawuli okanye ulawulo lolawulo. IRiphabliki yeRoma, eyasekwa kumashumi amahlanu9 BC, inika isiseko sesikhokelo se-Riphabliki zangoku, ingenisa iingcamango ezifana neejaji, iBhotela, nemithetho ebhaliweyo. Noko ke, iriphabliki yale mihla ivela ngokubalulekileyo ngaphezu koMphathi wayo wamandulo.

Iriphabliki ihluke kakhulu kwezinye iintlobo ezimbini zikarhulumente: idemokhrasi engqalileyo kunye nolawulo-bume lwe-autocracy. Kwidemokhrasi engqalileyo, abemi bombutho ngamnye, kwimithetho kunye nomthetho ngqo. Kwi-autocracy, umlawuli omnye unegunya elipheleleyo. I-riphabliki isebenzisa umlinganiselo wokulinganisa ulawulo lwamazwe amakhulu nabemi ngoxa isebenzisa umthetho-siseko ukunyanzela amandla. I-Riphabliki ichazwa ngeempawu eziliqela ezingundoqo eziyahlulayo kwezinye iintlobo zikarhulumente.

Umthetho

Kumthetho, akukho namnye ongaphezulu. Lo mgaqo usisiseko somthetho-siseko kwaye ukhusela abemi kumthetho ozimeleyo. Kuthetha ukuba amapolisa afuna isiqinisekiso sokuphengulula ikhaya lakho, imigaqo yerhafu ixoxwa ekuhleni kwaye ibhalwe, kwaye amagosa kawonke wonke anokubekwa ityala enkundleni ngenxa yehambo ephosakeleyo. Umthetho ubangela imeko-bume elungelelanisiweyo nezinzileyo apho amalungelo agcinwa khona kwaye amandla asetyenziswa ngokwemida echazwe.

Urhulumente Omela Abameli

Umelo yinjini yeriphabliki. Ngokunyula amagosa, abemi banika iqumrhu elikhethekileyo labameli umsebenzi onzima womthetho nolawulo. Le nkqubo ivumela ukuba kubekho icandelo lomsebenzi olawulayo, apho amagosa anyuliweyo anokujolise ingqalelo kwimigaqo yokwenziwa, ukuququzelela ulalaniso, kunye nokuvelela amaqumrhu karhulumente. Esi sakhiwo sidala isithintelo nxamnye nolawulo oluthe ngqo lwehlokondiba ngoxa siqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uyaqhubeka esabela kulawulo lukawonke wonke.

Ukukhuselwa Kwamalungelo Omntu Ngamnye

Injongo engundoqo yeriphabliki kukukhusela amalungelo omntu ngamnye kurhulumente nakulawulo olucinezelayo lwabaninzi. La malungelo, ngokufuthi afakwe kumgaqo-siseko okanye kumthetho wamalungelo, aquka inkululeko yokuthetha, yonqulo, yendibano, kunye nelungelo lokuvavanywa ngokusesikweni. I-riphabliki iyaqonda ukuba inkoliso, nangona inamandla, inemida; ayinakuvota ukususa intwana yamalungelo ayo asisiseko.

Ukwahlukana Kwamagunya

Libolekiwe kwaye lacocwa kwiinkcuba - buchopho ezifana neMontesquieu, ulwahlulo lukarhulumente lube yiMithetho, iGunya, kunye neMigaqo-siseko yezeeJaji liqinisekisa ukuba amandla awanyanzeliswanga kwisiko elinye. Isebe ngalinye linobutyala obahlukeneyo kunye namandla okuhlola amandla abanye. Esi sakhiwo silungiselelwe ukuthintela ukunyuka komlawuli okanye indlu yowiso-mthetho ethwala ngaphezulu.

Imigaqo yemigaqo yeRiphabliki elawulayo

Ngaphandle kweempawu zayo zokwakha, irepublic ibonakaliswa ngemigaqo emininzi esisiseko elawula ukusebenza kwayo kwaye ikhokele ukusebenza kwayo. Le migaqo ayiyongcamango nje engekho ngqiqweni; yinkqubo esebenzayo karhulumente.

Ulongamo Oluthandwayo

Igunya likarhulumente lisungulwe lize lixhaswe yimvume yabalawulwa. Lo mgaqo, odumileyo kwiSibhengezo seSindululo seZikhululo saseMerika, uqinisekisa ukuba oorhulumente bafumana amandla abo okusesikweni ebantwini. Oku kuthetha ukuba abemi abalawulwa ngurhulumente; bangowona mthombo opheleleyo wokufaneleka kwawo. Unyulo, ii-astendendum, neengxoxo zikawonke-wonke zizizo zonke iimbonakaliso zolawulo oluqhelekileyo.

Umanyano

Umanyano luvumela ukwahlulwa kolawulo phakathi korhulumente wesizwe norhulumente wephondo okanye kwephondo. Oku kuvumela ulawulo lwengingqi kwimibandela yengingqi enjengemfundo, ezothutho, kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba, lo gama kugcinwa igunya lesizwe kwimicimbi enxulumene nenkxalabo eqhelekileyo enjengokukhusela, inkqubo yangaphandle, kunye nemali. Umanyano loburhulumente luvumela abemi ukuba babe nenkcazelo engakumbi kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni kwaye lusebenze njengolunye uvavanyo kumandla ombindi.

Iipeksi Nolungelelwano

Isebe ngalinye likarhulumente linamandla okumisela izenzo zamanye, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho sebe lilawulayo. Umzekelo, indlu yowiso-mthetho ingawugqithisa umthetho, kodwa umphathi olawulayo angawugqithisela. Indlu yowiso-mthetho ingawulawula u-veto, kodwa isebe lezomthetho linokuvakalisa umthetho ongekho semthethweni. Le nkqubo entsonkothileyo yemikhosi elawulanayo yentsebenziswano kunye nengcinga, ithoba ingxamise okanye isenzo esingunyazamisayo.

Ulawulo oluphezulu namalungelo amancinane

Ngeli xesha isigqibo soninzi sikho kunyulo nakuvoti lwemithetho, amalungelo amaqela amancinane akhuselwa ekucinyweni ngabaninzi. Oku kulungelelaniswa okucekethekileyo. Iriphabliki kufuneka ithabathe inyathelo elaneleyo lokumisela ukuthanda koninzi kodwa inqatyiswe ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela abantu kunye namaqela amancinane kwingcinezelo. Lo mgaqo usoloko ukhuphiswa kwaye ucocwa ngeengxaki zomthetho nangentetho kawonke-wonke.

Indima yommi: Amalungelo neembopheleleko

Impilo yayo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekuthembiseni abemi bayo, kodwa ifuna iimbopheleleko. Ukuqonda iriphabliki kuthetha ukuqonda ukuba ukuba ngummi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuvakalisa Nokuvumela Okusemthethweni

Ukujija kusesona senzo sisisiseko sokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezentlalo-ntle. Linyathelo eliphambili apho abemi besebenzisa ulawulo oluqhelekileyo. Noko ke, ukuvota kubaluleke kakhulu xa kuxelelwa. Ukuhlala benolwazi ngeziganeko zangoku, ukuqonda amaqonga, nokuvavanya impembelelo yemigaqo ecetyisiweyo yimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yommi. Iimveliso ezifana USA.gov unikela ukhokelo ngendlela yokubhalisa nokuvota.

Inkonzo KaJury Nesidima

Ukusebenza kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala kukusetyenziswa kolawulo olungqalileyo. Kubeka amandla omgwebo ezandleni zabemi abaqhelekileyo, kusebenza njengovavanyo kwigunya lobugxele-mtshutshisi belizwe. Kuyimbopheleleko ekhethekileyo efuna abemi balapho balahle ikhethe baze banikele isigqibo esisesikweni esisekelwe kumthetho nakubungqina. Lo ngumzekelo ophambili wesidima soluntu, ukubeka okulungileyo nokuthembeka kwenkqubo ngaphezu kokuzinceda kobuqu.

Ukukhuthaza Noxolo

Abahlali bangaxhasa imiba abayikhathalelayo, ukuphembelela inkqubo yoluntu nomthetho ngaphandle konyulo olusemthethweni. Ukubhalela abameli, ukuba nenxaxheba kwimibhiyozo engoxolo, ukuthelela amaqela olawulo oluluxolo, nokuthetha kwiintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu zizindlela zonke zokunxibelelana norhulumente. UMthetho wokuHlaziya Wokuqala kwi-U.S., ngokomzekelo, ukhusela ngokucacileyo la malungelo njengeyimfuneko kwiRiphabliki esebenzayo.

Indlela IRiphabliki Ebutshintsha Ngayo Ubomi Bamihla Le

Imigaqo engekho ngqiqweni yeriphabliki ifumana imbonakalo ecacileyo kwimikhwa yemihla ngemihla yabemi bayo. Umgangatho weendlela, uqeqesho olufundiswa kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke, umthetho womoya ococekileyo namanzi, kunye nomnatha wokhuseleko kwabangasebenziyo zizinto zokucinga ngeli qumrhu leriphabliki. Xa ibhunga lesixeko liphikisana ngomthetho okanye iiKhomishini zoqingqo-mali, babandakanyeka kumthetho worhwebo [[FLT:]

Imfundo neMiqathango

Iinkqubo zemfundo zikarhulumente zisoloko zixhaswa, zilawulwa, zibekwe phantsi ngurhulumente. Izinto eziqulethwe ziincwadi, iimfuno zokuphumelela, kunye nemali efunyanwa kwizikolo zinqunyulwa ziibhodi zesikolo kunye neendlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente. Ukuzinikela kwimfundo kawonke-wonke kwiriphabliki luzibopho lokuhlakulela ubuchule bobumi. Iingxoxo ezisekelwe kwimigangatho yemfundo, impikiswano engundoqo, ngokommi onolwazi kufuneka wazi.

Ulawulo kunye neeNkonzo zikaRhulumente

Iinkonzo ezifana namapolisa, amasebe omlilo, ukulungiswa kweendlela, kunye nezothutho zikawonke-wonke zilawulwa ngamagosa akhethiweyo ngenxa yabemi. Imeko yeendlela ohamba ngazo, ixesha lokuphendula lenqwelo-ntambe, nokufumaneka kwamanzi acocekileyo ziziphumo ezithe ngqo zenkqubo karhulumente kunye nezigqibo zemali. Iriphabliki esebenzayo inika abantu ubuncwane ukuze balondoloze impilo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuhamba kwabemi bayo.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esemthethweni Norhwebo

Isivumelwano ngasinye osityobelayo, ishishini ngalinye oliqalisayo, yaye yonke impahla onayo ilawulwa yimithetho esungulwe kwinkqubo yeriphabliki. Inkqubo yomthetho inikela isiseko sokucombulula iimpikiswano, sokumisa izivumelwano, nokukhusela amalungelo empahla. Oku kusingqongileyo okuzinzileyo okusemthethweni kubalulekile ukuze ukhule ngokwezoqoqosho nokhuseleko lobuqu. Ivumela abantu namashishini ukuba bacebe ngekamva ngentembelo.

Impilo Kawonke - wonke Nentlalo - ntle

Iinkqubo zorhulumente zimisela ukuxhasa intlalo-ntle yabemi, kuquka ukhuseleko lwentlalo, i-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa, uncedo lokutya, kunye nemiyalelo yempilo karhulumente. Ezi nkqubo zibonisa isigqibo esimanyeneyo sokulungiselela umnatha wokhuseleko kwabo basweleyo. Imimiselo yokhuseleko lokutya, imvume yamayeza, kunye nemfuno yokugoma zonke ziyindlela ezisetyenziswa ngurhulumente ukukhusela impilo nokhuseleko loluntu.

Ukuthelekisa iiRiphabliki: Umahluko ekuqheliseni

Ngoxa imigaqo esisiseko yabelana, amaziko eeriphabliki ayahluka ngokuphawulekayo ehlabathini lonke. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo kunceda kucace ukuba iriphabliki ingudidi oluqhelekileyo olunezinto ezininzi ezinokuphunyezwa.

Iinkqubo zePalamente

kwirepublic yomongameli, njenge-United States okanye iBrazil, isikhulu (umongameli) sinyulwa ngokwahlukileyo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho kwaye sinegama elisisigxina. Oku kubangela ukwahlukana okucacileyo kwamagunya, kodwa kwakhona kunokukhokelela ekubeni kuvulwe ukuba igosa eliphetheyo nendlu yowiso-mthetho ilawulwe ngamaqela aphikisanayo. Kwipalamente, njengeIndiya okanye iJamani, umphathi-ngabaphathi-macala (umphathi-nkulu kunye nekhathemistine) unyulwa epalamente kwaye unokususwa ngokuvota okungathembana. Le nkqubo ibonelela ukudityaniswa okusondeleyo kwamagunya kunye nezenzo zomthetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko.

Umanyano lwezakhiwo

Kurhulumente werepublic karhulumente, igunya lahlulwe phakathi korhulumente wesizwe norhulumente wephondo okanye oorhulumente bamaphondo. Esi sakhiwo sivumela ukuzilawula nokuvavanya kobulali. Kwirepublic yengingqi, enjengeFransi, urhulumente wesizwe unegunya eliyintloko, kwaye oorhulumente bengingqi ngamaqela olawulo anokudalwa okanye apheliswe ngurhulumente ophakathi. Zombini ziiRiphabliki, kodwa zisasaza igunya kunye nolawulo lwasekuhlaleni ngokwahlukileyo. [[FLT: 0] Enclopedia Britannica inikela uthelekiso oluntselelekileyo lwemiboniso-mfakelo ye-riphabliki eyahlukeneyo.

Ucelomngeni Lwanamhlanje Kurhulumente WeRiphabliki

Ukubona ezi ngxaki linyathelo lokuqala lokulwa nazo.

Ukwenziwa Kwenkcazelo Yezobupolitika Nokuxinana

Ulwahlulo olunzulu phakathi kwamaqela ezobupolitika lungaphazamisa intsebenziswano kunye nolawulo olunempumelelo. Xa ukulalanisa kujongwa njengokungcatsha, amaqumrhu owiso-mthetho anokungasebenzi kakuhle, angakwazi ukugqithisa uqingqo-mali, aqinisekise amagosa, okanye athethe ngeengxaki zesizwe ezingxamisekileyo. Le migca isenokuphelisa ukuthembana kwabantu kwaye ikhokelele kwingqiqo yokuba inkqubo iyaphulwa.

Ukungaqiniseki Nokuphelelwa

Isantya kunye nokufikelela kwenkcazelo engachananga kwi-intanethi yoluntu kungayigqwetha indlela abantu abacinga ngayo, ibangele uphando lolwazi, kunye nokubangela ukwahlukana kwentlalo. I-riphabliki esebenza kakuhle ixhomekeke kwiseti yezibakala kunye nento yokwenene eqhelekileyo. Xa abemi bengenakuvumelana ngezibakala ezisisiseko, ingxoxo enika iziphumo phantse ukuba ayinakwenzeka. Imibutho yophando efana neZiko lophando loluntu [ iyaqhubeka ifunda iziphumo zedemokhrasi.

Ukungakhathali Neengxaki Zenkqubo

Ubhaqo olusezantsi lovoti lungakonakalisa inkqubo yedemokhrasi kunye nomelo lwabantu. Xa amaqela amakhulu abantu engathabathi nxaxheba, urhulumente uyayeka ukusabela kwiimfuno zabo. Imiqobo yesixokelelwano yokuvota, njengemithetho ye-ID ethintelayo, iindawo zokuvota ezisikelwe umda, kunye nokujika, zingacinezela ukujika nokugqwetha iziphumo zokhetho.

Impembelelo Yemali Kwezobupolitika

Ukungajongwa kwemali esetyenziswa kumaphulo ezobupolitika kunganika izityebi neenkampani impembelelo engathethekiyo kumagosa anyuliweyo nakumgaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke. Oku kusenokukhokelela kwingqiqo yokuba le nkqubo ixhaswa kukuthembeka okunamandla, okuphelisayo nokukhuthaza ukuthembeka. Utshintsho lwezemali lwezenkamkelo luhlala lungumbandela othanda ukuxabana nonzima kwiiriphabliki ezininzi.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda irepublic linyathelo lokuqala ekuyixhaseni. Iindlela zokuhlola nokulinganisela, ukumela, kunye nomsebenzi wentlalo-ntle zibumba inkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo, ugcino, kunye nokuba nenxaxheba. Izakhamuzi eziqonda aba bakha i-projekthi zixhotyiswe bhetele ukuba zigcine urhulumente uneziphendu, zibone izinto ezisongela inkqubo, zize zifakse ibutho labantu eliphilileyo, elisebenzayo. I-riphabliki ayizicimi; yinkqubo ephilayo ehlala isebenza kuphela xa abemi bayo besebenza nayo.