Kwihlabathi langoku, ingcamango yeriphabliki idla ngokuxutyushwa ngokwemeko yeenkqubo zokulawula kunye nezopolitiko. Ukuqonda iriphabliki kubalulekile kubafundi nakubafundisi-lwazi, njengoko iseka isiseko soluntu oluninzi lwedemokhrasi. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iimpawu eziyimfuneko zeriphabliki, inkqubela yayo yembali, umahluko wayo, kunye nokusebenza kwayo ekulawuleni kwale mihla. Ikwahlola iingxaki ezijongene nee-Riphabliki kunye nendima yabemi abayenzayo ekuzixhaseni. Ngokuqonda ezi zinkalo, abafundi bangayiqonda kakuhle indlela abamele ngayo imisebenzi karhulumente kunye nesizathu sokuba isoloko iyinkqubo ekhethelweyo yokukhusela inkululeko yabantu nokukhuthaza ukulawulwa kwemithetho.

Yintoni iRiphabliki?

Irepublic luhlobo lukarhulumente apho ilizwe lithathwa njenge "imeko kawonke-wonke"" ukusuka kwisiLatini strasa, ithetha "into yoluntu" okanye "ingxoxo kawonke-wonke". Kwirepublic, imicimbi karhulumente ixhomekeke kubantu njengeqela elipheleleyo kunakukumkani okanye kulawulo lobukhosi. Amandla asetyenziswa ngabameli abanyuliweyo abanokuphendula kubemi. Oku kuchasene nokoqobo kwegunya lolawulo lolawulo lookumkani, lolawulo lobuzwilakhe, okanye lolawulo lobuzwilakhe, okanye kwi-ocraces apho igunya lifumaneka kumntu omnye okanye kwiqela elincinane.

Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo kwiriphabliki ziquka:

  • Unikezelo:[[FLT:] Abami abanyuliweyo abameli ukwenzela izigqibo kubo, ukulinganisa inxaxheba ngqo nolawulo olusebenzayo.
  • Imithetho elawula uhlanga, kwaye wonke umntu (kuquka amagosa karhulumente) aphantsi komthetho. Akukho namnye ongaphezulu kuwo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Amalungelo oluntu: Iriphabliki ikhusela amalungelo abantu ngokuchasene nokuthanda koninzi, okuqhelekileyo ngomgaqo-siseko okanye umthetho wamalungelo.

Irepublic zanamhlanje phantse zisebenza phantse phantse kumgaqo-siseko olinganisela amandla karhulumente kwaye ungenisa inkululeko esisiseko. Ingcamango yeriphabliki inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nengcamango yolongamo oluqhelekileyo.

Inkqubela Yembali yeeRiphabliki

Ingcamango yokuba kukho iriphabliki yaqala mandulo, kodwa ukufikelela kwayo kuye kwaqalisa ngendlela ephawulekayo ngaphezu kweminyaka eliwaka.

Iiprecursers zamandulo

Iiriphabliki ezimbini ezaziwayo zamandulo yayiyiRome Republic kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zesixeko samaGrike. IRiphabliki yeRoma (509 BC-27 BC) isoloko ithathwa njengeyeenkcukacha ezingundoqo. Yayisebenza ngenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuhlola nokulinganisela, kuquka iBhunga, iindibano ezidumileyo, kunye noomajistala abanyuliweyo abafana nee-consul kunye ne-tribunes. Ukwahlulwa komthetho wemithetho kunye nolawulo lwamandla kamva oluphenjelelwe kwinkcubeko enjengoCicero, owabhala kakhulu ngomthetho wendalo kunye nomsebenzi wentlalo.

KwiGrisi yamandulo, amazwe ase Atene ayesebenzisa iindlela zomthetho-siseko (ukuthabatha inxaxheba okungqalileyo kommi) ngexesha ezinye ezifana neSparta zazineenkqubo ezixubeneyo. Nangona idemokhrasi yase-Athens yayingeyoriphabliki ngokwengqiqo yangoku, ````eyeyeyeyeyeza imibutho yabameli kunye nomgaqo-siseko) osemthethweni . Ukugxininisa ukudityaniswa kwabemi kunye nomthetho kwanceda ukuyila iingcamango ze-riphabliki. Umbhali-mbali ongumGrigi uPolycbius wahlalutya umgaqo-siseko weRiphabliki wamaRoma owaxubeneyo, waphikisa ukuba ukudibanisa ulawulo-mo-mthetho-siseko, ulawulo lwezikhundla, kunye nezintluvo zedemo-demokhrasi zabangela ukuzinza uzinzo lwaletwana kwingcamango zale mihla.

IiRiphabliki Zamandulo NezamaXesha Exesha Leenguquko

Emva kokuwa koBukhosi baseRoma, ulawulo lweriphabliki lwanyamalala kakhulu eYurophu, kodwa lwaqhubeka kwezinye iindawo. Ngexesha lamaXesha aphakathi, amaphondo azimeleyo e-Itali/ingakumbi iFlorence, iVenice, neGenoa(iiirbacrapiki). Ngokomzekelo, iRiphabliki yeVenice, yahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwewaka, ilawulwa yinkqubo entsonkothileyo equka iDoge (umlawuli omiselweyo), iBhunga elikhulu, kunye neekomiti ezahlukeneyo zenzelwe ukuthintela nayiphi na into ekulawuleni. Ezi ngxelo zemfazwe zase-Itali zavuselela intsingiselo ephambili yokuzilawula kwaye zaphembelela ingcamango yezobupolitika.

Ezinye iiriphabliki ezidumileyo zamaxesha aphakathi ziquka iSwiss Confederacy (eyaqala njengeqela leecantons) kunye neRiphabliki yamaDatshi (amaPhondo aseMzantsi Netherlands), eyavela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16 njengeriphabliki karhulumente ekhokelwa nguRhulumente Jikelele waseUnited States. I-Datshi Republic yaba ligunya lehlabathi lonke lorhwebo nekhusi lokunyamezelana ngonqulo kunye nokutshintshisana ngengqondo.

Ixesha Lemvukelo Neentlobo Zale Mihla

Ukukhanyiselwa kwenkulungwane ye-17 neye-18 kwavelisa isiseko sentandabulumko kwimpucuko yale mihla. Abacingisisi abafana noJohn Locke, Montesquieu, noRousseau baphikisa ukuvunywa kokulawulwa, ukwahlulwa kwamagunya, nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo emvelo. Ezi ngcamango zaphembelela ngokungqalileyo ienguqu zaseMerika naseFransi.

I-United States, eyasekwa ngowe-1776, yaseka irepublic enkulu yale mihla enomgaqo-siseko obhaliweyo, ukwahlulwa kwamagunya phakathi kwemithetho yowiso-mthetho, igunya, namasebe agwebayo, kunye neBhili yamaLungelo. UmGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. waba ngumzekelo kwiiriphabliki ezininzi ezalandelayo. IRiphabliki yokuqala yeFransi (1792-1804) nayo yamkela iimfuno zeRiphabliki, nangona yajamelana nesiphithiphithiphithiphithi-phithi-phithi-phithi soburhulumente boburhulumente boburhulumente bomhlaba, uNapolance. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ze-1920, ii-Riphabliki zasasaze kulo lonke elase-Latin America, i-Asia, kunye ne-Afrika, kwaye isoloko ithathe izimiselo zolawulo zolawulo lolawulo lolawulo-Riphabliki okanye ulawulo lwamakoloni.

Namhlanje, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha samazwe ehlabathi ziiriphabliki zohlobo oluthile, nangona iindlela zazo zahluka kakhulu. Ukufunda okungakumbi ngembali yeriphabliki, tyelela ungeno [[FLT: 0] kwirepublic.

Iimpawu Ezingundoqo ZeRiphabliki

Ukuqonda iriphabliki kufuna ukwamkela iimpawu zayo ezichazayo, eziyahlula kwezinye iintlobo zorhulumente ezinjengolawulo olupheleleyo, ulawulo lobuzwilakhe okanye ulawulo - melo olungqalileyo.

Ukhokelo Olunengqiqo

Kwirepublic, iinkokeli zikhethwa ngonyulo", okanye ngokungqalileyo (abameli abanyuliweyo abanyuliweyo abaza kukhetha iinkokeli). Unyulo kufuneka lukhululeke, lulunga, luze lube namaxesha okuqinisekisa ukuphendula. Oku kuyaphikisana nokulandelelana kolawulo lookumkani okanye ukufuduselwa kobundlobongela kwii-autocraccas.

Ukwahlukana Kwamagunya

Amandla ahlulwe phakathi kwamasebe awahlukeneyo karhulumente . "Ngokuqhelekileyo alawulayo, awiso-mthetho, kunye nezomthetho"ukuthintela naliphi na isebe elinye ekuqokeleleni igunya elininzi. Le nkqubo yokuhlola nokulungelelanisa ivumela isebe ngalinye ukuba lisike umda amagunya amanye, likhusele ingcinezelo. Ezinye iiriphabliki zahlula amagunya phakathi komgangatho wesizwe nowesizwe (uburhulumente).

Isalathisi soMgaqo-siseko

Umgaqo-siseko obhaliweyo okanye ongabhalwanga uchaza isakhiwo sikarhulumente, ukusasaza amagunya, kwaye ubala amalungelo abemi. UmGaqo-siseko uphakamile ngaphezu kwemithetho eqhelekileyo kwaye ungalungiswa kuphela ngemigaqo ekhethekileyo. Lo mthetho-womthetho uqinisekisa ukuba inyathelo likarhulumente libotshelelwe ngokwemigaqo esemthethweni. UMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. ungumzekelo obalaseleyo; ungafunda umbhalo wawo .S. Umgaqo-siseko Owahlulayo .]

Ukukhuselwa Kwamalungelo Omntu Ngamnye

IiRiphabliki zikhusela amalungelo omntu ngamnye ngokucacileyo . njengokuthi khululeke kwintetho, unqulo, indibano, kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo ``ukungangeneki kwesizwe okanye koninzi. Lo khuseleko lusoloko lukhuselwa kumthetho wamalungelo okanye kwisiqinisekiso somGaqo-siseko esifanayo. Ukuqonda ukuba imikhosi emikhulu inokuba yeyobuzwilakhe yisiseko sengcamango yeriphabliki, eyahlulayo kumthetho omninzi olula.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Nembopheleleko

I-Riphabliki asilolungiselelo nje lokungenzi nto; ixhomekeke ekubeni ngummi okhutheleyo. Abavoter kufuneka bazixelele, babe nenxaxheba kunyulo, baze baphendule iinkokeli. Isidima se-COVIC (isidima) ukuvuma kwabemi ukubeka izinto ezintle ezifanayo ngaphezu kwezilangazelelo zobuqu, qha, kuyimfuneko kwimpilo yeriphabliki. Ngaphandle kwayo, amaziko angabola aze anyaniseke.

Iintlobo zeeRiphabliki

Iirejista ezininzi zikho. Olona hlelo luqhelekileyo lusekelwe kunxulumano phakathi kolawulo oluphezulu nomthetho.

IiRiphabliki zoMangameli

Kwirepublic yobumongameli, umongameli usebenza njengentloko yorhulumente nentloko karhulumente, unyulwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho, kwaye unegunya elibalulekileyo elizimeleyo. Umongameli umisela amalungu ekhatheminali kwaye angawumisela umthetho. I-United States, i-Brazil, ne-Mexico yimizekelo. Inkalo engundoqo kukwahlula amagunya phakathi kwamasebe aphetheyo kunye namasebe owiso-mthetho, nangona oku kunokukhokelela kwi-gridrock ukuba iqela lomongameli aliwulawuli uwiso.

IiRiphabliki zePalamente

Kwipalamente, intloko yephondo (ngokufuthi umongameli onemisebenzi yemitshato) yahlukile kwintloko karhulumente (inkulumbuso). Inkulumbuso kunye nekhabhinethi zikhutshwa zisuka kwipalamente zize ziphendulelwe kwityala layo. Isebe elilawulayo lixhomekeke ekuthembekeni kwamasebe alawulayo. Ukuba urhulumente uphulukana nevoti yokuthembeka, unyulo olutsha lungabizwa. Imizekelo iquka iIndiya, iJamani, i-Itali, kunye ne-Israel. Iinkqubo zePalamente zisoloko zivelisa ulawulo oluphezulu ngenxa yokuba amasebe aphetheyo kunye nolawulo ludityanisiwe.

Isalathisi somsebenzi

Ezi nkqubo zidibanisa amalungu eemodeli zoomongameli kunye neepalamente. Umongameli onyulwe ngokubanzi usebenza njengentloko yephondo kwaye wabelana ngegunya eliphezulu nenkuthalo yomphathiswa ojongene nendlu yowiso-mthetho. IFransi, iRashiya, noMzantsi Korea yimizekelo. Ukusasazwa kwegunya kungahluka-hluka; kwezinye iimeko umongameli uyalawula, kwezinye umongameli omkhulu unegunya elixhomekeke kuninzi lwepalamente.

Umanyano lweRiphabliki

IiRiphabliki zikwanokwahlulwa ngokwabelwa kolawulo phakathi koorhulumente abasembindini kunye nemimandla. Kwirepublic yorhulumente (umz., iUnited States, iJamani, iIndiya), igunya lahlulelwe ngokwemGaqo-siseko phakathi korhulumente wesizwe namaphondo okanye amaphondo. Umgangatho ngamnye unamaziko awo anyuliweyo kunye nemimandla yegunya. Kwirepublic yengingqi (umz., iFransi, i-Itali), ulawulo luxhomekeke kurhulumente wesizwe, nangona oorhulumente bengingqi benokwabela igunya lolawulo. Umanyano lwamazwe luvumela iiyantluko-ko nakuzama ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni kodwa lungadala imingeni.

IRiphabliki echaseneyo.

Ingongoma eqhelekileyo yokudidelwa lulwalamano phakathi kweriphabliki nedemokhrasi.

  • Idemokhrasi ibandakanya abemi ukuvota ngqo kwimithetho nemigaqo ngaphandle kokunxibelelana. Oku kwakusenziwa e-Athene yamandulo kodwa akusebenzi kumaphondo amakhulu, anamhlanje.
  • I-demokhrasi emela i- (oko kukuthi ininzi iiriphabliki) ibandakanya abemi abanyulela amagosa ekwenzeni izigqibo. Oku kungundoqo wolawulo lweRiphabliki.
  • I-Republic igxininisa ngokukhethekileyo umthetho, ukhuseleko lwamalungelo amancinane, kunye nomgaqo-siseko olinganisela uninzi norhulumente. Abanye abaxhasi bezobupolitika baphikisa ngelithi iriphabliki luhlobo olusezantsi lwedemokhrasi, ngoxa abanye beyijonga njengenkqubo eyahlukileyo ebeka phambili inkululeko nokuhlola ukuthanda okuqhelekileyo.

Ngokwesiko, phantse ukuba ii-riphabliki zale mihla zisoloko zimela ulawulo-melo. Noko ke, asizizo zonke iidemokhrasi ezifanelekileyo: umzekelo, ulawulo-siseko (njengoBukumkani bomGaqo-siseko) yidemokhrasi kodwa asiyoriphabliki ngenxa yokuba intloko yorhulumente ingukumkani. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, irepublic inokubakho ngaphandle kokuba ibe nedemokhrasi ngokupheleleyo `i-demokhrasi''. Okunjalo, ezinye ii-demokhrasi zizenza ibe "zintlawulo-mpundezi" ngelikucinezela unyulo olukhululekileyo kunye nokungavumelani. Ngoko, igama elithi "republic" lichaza uhlobo oluthile lukarhulumente olusekelwe kulawulo lolawulo loluntu, kodwa uphawu lwalo lwedemokhrasi luxhomekeke kwinkululeko nokuthabatha inxaxheba.

Iingenelo ZeRiphabliki

Iirepublic zinika iingenelo eziliqela ezinegalelo ekuzinziseni, ekuthabatheni inxaxheba nasekuhloneleni amalungelo.

  • Unyulo luvumela abemi ukuba bakhethe iinkokeli zabo baze bazisuse eofisini ukuba bangakwazi ukuzenza. Oku kuphendula kubangela ukuba abantu bathabathe inxaxheba kwaye kunciphisa ubungozi bolawulo oluqinileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko lwamalungelo: umGaqo-siseko kunye namajaji azimeleyo akhusela inkululeko yomntu ngamnye nxamnye nokungalawuleki kwemeko okanye izinto ezingundoqo ezidumileyo. Oku kuquka inkululeko yokuthetha, yonqulo, yokushicilela, kunye nendibano.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukufumaneka nokungaqiniseki: Yisakhiwo esicacileyo somthetho sokudlulisela amandla (ii-via nonyulo) kunciphisa ugonyamelo nokungaqiniseki okudla ngokuhambisana nolandelelwano kwi-autocracy okanye kwiphondo lokumkani.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuyekelela nokuyekelela: amaziko abameli akhuthaza ingxoxo kunye nokuxoxa phakathi kwemiba eyahlukeneyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiinkalo eziqwalaselwe kakhulu kunevoti ezininzi ezinokuvelisa.
  • Ukufumaneka:[ umGaqo-siseko ungalungiswa, kwaye imithetho ingatshintshwa kwiinkqubo zowiso-mthetho, ivumela inkqubo ukuba iguquleke ngemfuno zoluntu ngaphandle kotshintsho.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene NeeRiphabliki

Phezu kwako nje ukutyeba kwazo, iiriphabliki azinakuchaphazeleka kwiingxaki ezinzulu. Zimbi iingxaki zizalwa nazo, ngoxa ezinye ziphuma kwiimeko ezithile zezobupolitika, zezoqoqosho okanye zentlalo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika

Ukwahlukana okunzulu phakathi kwamaqela ezobupolitika okanye amaqela kungaphazamisa intsebenziswano kuze kubangele ukuba kubekho uwiso-mthetho. Xa amagosa anyuliweyo ebeka ukunyaniseka kwiqela eliphambili kunezinto ezilungileyo, izikhululo, kunye nokuthembana kwabantu kuyaphela. Ukwenziwa kwentembeko kudla ngokwanda kwiinkqubo zomongameli apho amasebe aphetheyo nawamasebe owiso-mthetho elawulwa ngamaqela aphikisanayo.

Urhwaphilizo Nempembelelo

Amagosa angondlelwayo asenokusebenzisa izikhundla zawo ukuze afumane inzuzo, amkele isinyobo, anike amahlakani izivumelwano, okanye asebenzise iofisi kawonke-wonke ukuhambisela phambili iinjongo zobuqu. Kwanakumazwe abonakeleyo, impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika ngezantsi ngeminikelo yephulo, ukukhuthaza, kunye nee-PAC ezinkulu. Ukunganyaniseki kuphazamisa uluntu kwaye kunokubangela ukuqhatha kobundlobongela.

Ukungakhathali nokunganeliseki

Urhoqo olusezantsi lomvoti, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi abaselula nabaphantsi, lunciphisa ukufaneleka koorhulumente kwaye lungaphumela kwimigaqo-nkqubo engabonisi mdla obanzi woluntu. Ukungakhathali kudla ngokubangelwa kukudimazeka kwinkqubo yezobupolitika, ingqiqo yokuba bonke abezobupolitika bayafana, okanye imiqobo yesakhiwo ekuvoteni (umz., ukuqesha-magama, ukucinezela kwabavoti).

IPopulism kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedemokhrasi

Iinkokeli zepopuli zinokuphumelela kunyulo ngokubhenela kwizikhalazo nangokuthembisa "ukungena emgxobhozweni," kodwa kanye emandlani maxa wambi zihlasela amaziko azimeleyo (amaqumrhu, amajelo-ndaba, inkonzo yoluntu), zilulaza umthetho, zize ziphelise imigangatho yedemokhrasi. IiRiphabliki zingaguqula zibe "zilawulo-melo-lulawulo-melo lwangaphakathi" okanye ulawulo-melo lwemijelo apho lukhoyo kodwa lungalungisiyo okanye lungakhululeki. Le nto iye yabonwa kumazwe amaninzi akutshanje.

I-Grid lock kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle

Ukwahlukana kwamandla maxa wambi kungathintela ukukhawulezisa inyathelo, ingakumbi ngexesha leengxaki. Iingqinipho kunye nolungelelwano lungasetyenziswa ukuphazamisa umthetho oyimfuneko okanye ukuvunywa koqingqo-mali. Kwiinkqubo zepalamente, oorhulumente abamanyeneyo banokuswela ubuthathaka kwaye batyekele ekuweni. Ukulungelelanise imfuneko yokukhuselwa ngokufanelekileyo nxamnye nobuzwilakhe ihlala ingulo luqhubeka.

Ukuze ufumane uhlalutyo olunzulu lweengxaki zeriphabliki zale mihla, bona i- Cornell Legal Information Institute yocalulo lukarhulumente weriphabliki.

Indima Yabemi KwiRiphabliki

Akukho republic enokuhlala ngaphandle kokuba abemi baseUnited States basebenze, bafunde, babonakalise isidima. Abaseki be-United States, kuquka uJames Madison noThomas Jefferson, bagxininisa ukuba urhulumente weriphabliki ufuna iqondo elithile lesidima soluntu, --ukukulungela kwabemi ukuzibekela ecaleni intsebenziswano elungileyo eqhelekileyo.

  • Ukuvota nokuthatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika: ngumsebenzi osisiseko wentlalo. Abami kufuneka bazizise ngabo batshatileyo nakwiimbambano, bevote kuzo zonke (indawo, urhulumente, isizwe), baze bathathe inxaxheba kwiingcinga zikawonke-wonke.
  • Ukuhlala Uyimo: Unikezelo kulwazi oluthembekileyo luyagxeka. Abami kufuneka bakwazi ukwahlula inyani kwimposiso yosasazo kwaye bagcine usasazo lwezixhobo lunoxanduva locoselelo.
  • Ukujongela phantsi uMthetho: Ukwamkela iziphumo zonyulo, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokungalungi okucelw'ezeleyo (ukukhutshwa, ukukhutshwa, ukubhaliswa kwesizwe) kunokuba ugonyamelo luziimpawu zeriphabliki esempilweni.
  • Imfundo ye-pic: Izikolo, iintsapho, kunye nemibutho yoluntu kufuneka ifundise imigaqo karhulumente weriphabliki, amalungelo neembopheleleko zobumi, kunye nembali yohlanga. Ukungaqondi kuyinto echaphazelekayo yeriphabliki.

Kunjengokuba uBenjamin Franklin wathetha ngokudume kakhulu ekupheleni kweNdibano yoMgaqo-siseko ngowe-1787, xa wabuzwa ukuba luluphi uhlobo lukarhulumente abaseki abadale: "IRiphabliki, ukuba unako ukuyigcina." Oku kubethelela ukuba ulawulo lweriphabliki aluyomveliso egqityiweyo kodwa luqheliselo oluqhubekayo olufuna ukuphaphama nokuganana okuqhubekayo.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda irepublic kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela esebenza ngayo urhulumente ongummeli nesizathu sokuba ibe yeyona ndlela iphambili yokulawula kwihlabathi langoku. Ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo yamandulo eRoma naseGrisi ukuya kwindaleko yayo kumazwe akwixesha laphakathi kunye namalinge aguqukayo, isithethe serepublic siyaqhubeka sibumba iinkqubo zezobupolitika. Imigaqo yayo esisiseko ("ii-"i-alpharapix" ilawula, imigaqo-mthetho-siseko, i-gracracyism, kunye nokukhusela amalungelo omntu ngamnye"ukulungiselela inkululeko kunye nolungelelwano. Kwangaxesha elinye, irepublicractic ijongene neengxaki ezingapheliyo: ukuhla kwemi, ukurhoxakeka, ukulawulwa, nokulawulwa kwedemokhrasi. Ukuyeka oku akufuni nje kuphela ukumiswa kwamaziko asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni nokuzinziswa kwabemi. Ngokufunda ingcamango nokuqheliswa kolawulo-Riphablikiliphabliki, abafundisi-omstiki, kwaye abandakanya kwiingxoxo ezinentsingiselo zokulawula nokuthembeka kwezelelwa kwezezoodemo-demo-demokhrasi.