Ukuqonda Umlinganiselo Wemilinganiselo Yokwahlula Abantu Ngeminyaka

Ummiselo wokusikelwa umda obalulekileyo olawula ixesha elifanelekileyo elilawula ukuba umntu kufuneka azise ityala emva kwesenzo esityholwayo sokwahlula-hlula. Kumo wocalulo lobudala, ukuphoswa kolu luhlu kunakho ukuvala ityala ngokusisigxina, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziziphi na iinzuzo zalo. Ngoxa ixesha jikelele phantsi komthetho wesizwe lifutshane ngokuthelekisa, imithetho entsonkothileyo karhulumente, imithetho ebhaliweyo, kunye nemithetho echasene nemithetho esemthethweni ingawuguqula ngokuphawulekayo umqathango osebenzayo. Ukwazi kanye xa iwotshi iqala kwaye oko kunokuthi kuthintele ukukhusela amalungelo akho.

Uyintoni Umyinge Wemilinganiselo?

Ummiselo wommiselo wemiqathango ngumthetho omisela ixesha elipheleleyo emva kwesiganeko apho ityala elisemthethweni lingaqaliswa khona. Kwizibhengezo zocalulo lobudala, ummiselo uqala ukusebenza ngomhla otyholwa ngokuba ngumthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho okhoyo. Lo ngumhla wesenzo somsebenzi esingalunganga i— njengokuphela, ukukhutshwa, ukungaphumeleli ukuqesha, okanye ukukhuthazwa komqeshwa — obekuphenjelelwe ngumqeshi ̱ ubudala (iminyaka engama-40 okanye ngaphezulu). Xa ixesha liphelile, inkundla iya kuphelelwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ubungqina.

Izibhengezo zocalucalulo zeminyaka zingaziswa phantsi komthetho wesizwe, umthetho karhulumente, okanye zombini. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba imimiselo yorhulumente nowaseburhulumenteni yemiqathango isebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Ukubekwa ityala ngeKhomishoni ye-Aumeltry Opportunity (EOC) phantsi komthetho wezwe akuthi ngokuzenzekelayo kwandiswe ixesha lokugqiba ixesha lokuzibanga kwesizwe, kwaye okuchasene noko. Abathenjiweyo mabahambisane nayo yonke imiqathango esebenzayo.

Imithetho Nemida Yexesha

Umthetho oyintloko wesizwe okhusela abasebenzi abadala yi-Age Discrection in Accounting Act yo1967 (ADEA). I-ADEA iyalwalela ucalucalulo ngokujongwa emsebenzini kubantu abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu. Phantsi kwe-ADEA, umntu kufuneka aqale abekwe isityholo sokucalula i-EOC ngaphambi kokufaka ityala labucala. Eli nyathelo lolawulo liyimfuneko, kwaye ityala le-EOC kufuneka libekwe kwifestile ethile.

Imihla eli-180 ne 300- Usuku Ifestile Ezibhabhayo

Phantsi kwe-ADEA, kwiimeko ezininzi, uneentsuku ezili-180 ukusuka kumhla wesenzo sokuchaza ulawulo lwe-arhente uku faka ityala nge-EOC. Noko ke, olu cwangciso lunganikwa iintsuku ezingama-300 ukuba intengo yakho igqunywe ngurhulumente okanye yindawo echasene nomthetho wonikezelo, kwaye umthetho unorhulumente okanye umbutho wobulali owunyanzelelayo (njengomthetho ongaziwayo "ngecala eliqhelekileyo"). Kumaphondo, iEOC kunye nesikombutho solawulo, kunye nesizwe sinikwe ithuba lokuqala lokuphatha ukuphatha ulawulo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ixesha leentsuku ezingama-300 asiloxesha lokuhlomela ingxolo nganye. Ukuba uhlala kwimeko engeyo-deferal, kufuneka ufake ngeentsuku ezili-180. Malunga noorhulumente abangama-42 bakwimeko yobungqindilili. Ungaqinisekisa imeko yezwe lakho i’ bume ngokuhlola EOC ̱ ukuphendla indawo eqhubekekayo yesebe [[ okanye ukubuza igqwetha lomsebenzi wobulali. Ukungaphumeleli ukubeka ifayile kwifestile echanekileyo ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuphumela ekuvalweni kwengxelo yorhulumente.

Yintoni ebaluleke njengomthetho?

Ummiselo wewotshi elinganiselweyo uqala ngomhla wokwenza ulawulo localulo lwendawo, hayi umhla xa impembelelo ivakala okanye ifunyenwe. Umzekelo, ukuba uphelile ngomhla wewaka linamakhulu asibhozo anesithathu okanye ama-300 osuku uqala ngaloo mhla, nokuba awufundi ngomkhethe wobudala de kube ziinyanga kamva. Noko ke, i “ iyawufihla umthetho ̵ ingasebenza kwiimeko ezilinganiselweyo apho ucalucalulo lwalungaqondakali ngokugqibekileyo ngexesha lomsebenzi, njengokusilela okusisigqumiso ukukhuthaza oko kufihliwe.

Kwinkqubo eqhubekayo yolwaphulo-mthetho, njengenkqubo yokuhlasela okanye inkqubo eyingozi ngokungenakulinganiswa kwabasebenzi abadala, ingcamango ye-“ equbisanayo yokwaphula umthetho i̵ inganwebela ixesha lokusikelwe umda. Phantsi kwale mfundiso, ukuba inkqubo enye yokuhlasela okanye ukuqhelisela iqhubekeka kule meko, ityala linokuba lifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuba libekwe iintsuku ezingama-300 zesiganeko sokugqibela saloo nkqubo. Noko ke, iNkundla ePhakamileyo iye yayimisela kakhulu le mfundiso. uRondalgarveaup Corp. v.[Fl:1] [2002], iNkuvolo enyathweswe yizenzo zokuzimbhiyo ezithiweyo.

Emva Kokumangalela: Umgaqo Ofileyo Womthetho

Xa ufakela uxanduva lwe-EEOC, isibonelelo siphengulula kwaye singakhupha isaziso sasekunene kuSue. Phantsi kwe ADEA, emva kokwamkela isaziso sasekunene ukuya- kwisiqu, une [[FLT: 0]] iintsuku ezingamakhulu amahlanu [ ukubeka ityala labucala enkundleni karhulumente. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza uphando lwefayile ngeentsuku ezingama 90 kuza kuphumela ekulahlekelweni ngasekunene kwakho kukukhosekwa. Nokuba iEOC isasombulula isityholo, ungacela isaziso sasekunene-ku-usuku ezingama-60 emva kokuqeshwa. Akunyanzelekanga kulindeli iEOC ukugqiba uphengululo lwayo kwifayile yokumangalelana, kodwa kufuneka ube nesaziso kwisandla.

Imithetho Karhulumente Neenguqu

Ngeli xesha i-ADEA inikezela ngekhambi lesizwe, amaphondo amaninzi anemithetho yocalucalulo yobudala bawo enokunika imimiselo emide yemiqathango, ukhuseleko olubanzi, okanye amayeza awongezelelekileyo. Kwamanye amazwe, ixesha lokuzisa ucalulo lobudala liyiminyaka emibini okanye ngaphezulu. Eminye ingabonisa iwindow yemini eyi-180 okanye 300 yemithetho yolawulo. Ngenxa yokuba imithetho karhulumente iyahluka ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukukhangela kwimimiselo ethile kummandla apho ucalucalulo lwenzekelo.

Imizekelo Yabafileyo Baseburhulumenteni

  • [[NKQUBO:0] ICalifornia: Phantsi koMthetho weFair Works kunye neHouse Act (FEHA), umkhalazi kufuneka afake ityala lolawulo ngeSebe leMsebenzi neNdlu yeNdawo yeFair kwiminyaka emithathu yesenzo solwaphulo-mthetho (uphumezo lwe-avareji (unyaka we-1, 2020, owenziwe ukususela ngonyaka omnye).
  • INew York: UMthetho waseNew York Umbuso wamalungelo abantu ufuna ukufakwa izithuba ngecandelo lamaLungelo oluntu kunyaka omnye kukwenziwa kwesenzo sokugweba. Okanye, ukumangalelwa kusenokubekwa ngqo enkundleni yephondo kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu yesenzo, ngaphandle konyango lokuqala oludinisayo lokulawula.
  • [[NKQUBO: 0] IKhomishini yeTexas engoMthetho wamalungelo abantu ifuna ukubekwa ityala ngeKhomishoni yoMsebenzi weTexas kwiintsuku ezili-180 zesenzo sokukhupha imvume.
  • [[UMTHETHO] FLORIDA: UMthetho waMalungelo oMdabi waseFlorida ufuna ukubekwa ityala kwiKhomishoni yoLuntu kwiintsuku ezingama-365 zokwaphulwa.

Imithetho emininzi karhulumente iyasebenza nakubaqeshi abancinane abangagutyungelwanga yi-ADEA (efuna abaqeshwa abangama-20 okanye abangaphezulu). Urhulumente angagquma abaqeshi nge 5, 10, okanye i15 yabasebenzi. Ukuba usebenzela ishishini elincinane, ekuphela kwendlela oya kuyifumanayo inokuba phantsi komthetho karhulumente, ukwenza ummiselo wesithintelo sokuphela kwexesha owenzelwe lona. Kuluhlu olubanzi, tyelela i-webhsayithi yakho i’ umqeshwa okanye isebe lamalungelo abantu. Ungaphinda uhlaziye .S.

Ukucabangela Okubalulekileyo Nezinto Ezikhethekileyo

Ngaphandle kwemiqathango esisiseko, iimfundiso eziliqela ezingokwasemthethweni nezizathu ezisebenzisekayo zinokuwuchaphazela ummiselo wokusikelwa umda.

Ukubetha (Ukusebenzisa) Umlinganiselo Oqingqiweyo

Kwezinye iimeko, iwotshi iyama okanye iyanwenwa. Ukuba umqeshi ongenakulinganiswa angalufihla ngokukhutheleyo ucalucalulo, alahlekise umqeshi ngamalungelo abo, okanye ukuba iimeko ezingaqhelekanga (ezifana nokugula okuqatha okanye ukuwohloka kwenkqubo ye-EEOC) zithintela ukubekwa kweqonga ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umqeshi uthembise ukuyicombulula le ngxaki ngaphakathi kwaye wakhokelela umqeshwa ukuba akholelwe ukuba ukutyala iEOC akuyomfuneko, inkundla ingavumela ukuba ikhutshelwe ifashoni yamva. Kodwa ke, ukusetyenziswa kwemali akusoloko kuvumelekile, kwaye awumele uthembele kuyo.

Inkonzo yasemkhosini isenokuwunciphisa ummiselo wemiqathango phantsi koMthetho weSebe oPhicothiweyo weNkonzo kunye noMsebenzi WobuRhulumente Wokwenziwa Kwamalungelo

Ulwalamano Phakathi Kwemimangalo Ye-EOC Neengxelo Zelizwe

Ukufunxa uxanduva lwe-EEOC kudla ngokubangela umnqophiso osebenzayo phakathi kwe-EEOC kunye nombutho wobulungisa bomsebenzi womsebenzi wesizwe. IEOC isoloko inqumla-ifayile ngokubekwa ngombutho karhulumente. Noko ke, urhulumente i’ ummiselo wonyaka uzimele. Ukuba ixesha lakho lommiselo liphelelwa phambi kokuba ulawulo lwe-EEOC lubekwe, ungalahlekelwa ngumthetho wakho wesizwe. Soloko uhlola umthetho ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye uqwalasele ukubekwa kwetyala eliphindiweyo kuwo omabini amaEOC kunye nomzimeli wesizwe.

Ukuqhubeka Ulwa Nolwaphulo - mthetho Nokuhlala Kwindawo Esebenza Abantu Abangenalutshaba

Njengoko kuphawuliwe, izenzo zocalulo-calulo azigcinwanga yimfundiso eqhubekayo eqhubekayo. Kodwa imekobume yomsebenzi enobutshaba esekelwe kwixesha elikhoyo ingaba yenzekile ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuba ubuncinane isenzo esinye senzeka ngexesha lokufakelwa. Umzekelo, ukuba uthotho lweziqhulo ezisekelwe kwiminyaka emithathu, kwaye esona siganeko sakutshanje senzeka ngeentsuku ezingama-300 zokukhutshelwa, ipateni yonke ingathathwa njengexesha elifanelekileyo. Noko ke, ukuba isiganeko sokugqibela senzeka ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-300 ezidlulileyo, kwanokuba ukuziphatha bekuqhubeka, ityala lingavalwa. Iinkundla zihlola ukuba izenzo zibumba ifomu enye, isimilo esiqhubekayo okanye iziganeko eziqhubekayo zihlala zisexelwa, iziganeko ezihambayo.

Abaqeshwa bakarhulumente namatyala akhethekileyo

Abasebenzi bomanyano banenkqubo eyahlukileyo. Kufuneka baqale baqhagamshelane nomcebisi we-EEO ngeentsuku ezingama-45 zesenzo esityholwayo solwaphulo-mthetho. Emva kokucebisa, bafaka isikhalazo esisemthethweni neziko labo. Umgca wexesha mfutshane kwaye unyanzelekile. Urhulumente, iphondo, nabasebenzi bakamasipala kufuneka bahlole imithetho yabo yasekuhlaleni kunye nezivumelwano zokuthelekisa, ezinokuthi zimisele namaxesha amafutshane.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okuqinisekisa Ukuba Uzithetha Ngexesha Elifanelekileyo

Xa ucinga ngobuntsonkotha nokungqongqo kwezi ziganeko, ukwenza izinto ezizinzileyo kunokwenza umahluko phakathi kwemali ephilayo nevingqwe.

Phendula Zonke

Gcina ingxelo echazayo yesiganeko ngasinye esinxulumeneyo: imihla, amaxesha, amagama abantu ababandakanyekileyo, amangqina, noko kwatshiwo. Gcina ii-imeyili, uhlolo lomsebenzi, imisebenzi, kunye nawaphi na amagqabaza abhaliweyo anokucebisa ucalucalulo lobudala. Olu xwebhu luza kukunceda ukumisela umhla ochanileyo wesenzo sokugqibela sokukhupha ityala kwaye uxhase ityala lakho.

Yenza Kusengoko, Kungekhona Ngokulandela Ubuxoki

Musa ukulinda kude kube lusuku lokugqibela. Kwanolibaziseko olunye lungakufa. Qhagamshelana negqwetha elisebenzayo ngokukhawuleza xa ukrokrela ucalulo lobudala. Amagqwetha amaninzi anika ukhangelo lwamahlawumbini olukhululekileyo. Igqwetha lingabala zonke iinjongo ezisebenzayo zexesha elimisiweyo lize licebise ukuba ingaba ifayile ne-EEOC, umbutho worhulumente, okanye zombini.

Thumela isicelo esibhaliweyo sokulondolozwa

Ukuba umqeshi wakho unenkqubo yokulahla iirekhodi emva kwexesha elithile, thumela isicelo esibhaliweyo sokuba agcine onke amaxwebhu anxulumene nomsebenzi wakho kunye nocalucalulo olutyholwayo. Oku kukhusela ubungqina kwaye kusenokusebenza njengesaziso sokuba ucinga ngetyala. Nangona ileta egciniweyo ingawudluliseli ummiselo wemiqathango, ibonisa inzondelelo yakho.

Ifayile Ne EEOC Ngaphambi koSuku lwe-180

Xa uthandabuza ukuba imeko yakho ingumbuso obekelwe ixesha elifutshane, faka i-EOC ityala ngeentsuku ezili-180 ukuba ikhuseleke. Ungasoloko ufaka ulungiso okanye ulawulo olulungisiweyo kamva, kodwa awunakubuya neentsuku ezili-180 emva kokuba zidlule. Ifomu ye-EEOC ibuza ulwazi olusisiseko kwaye ayifuni igqwetha ukuba ligqibele. Ungafaka ifayile umntu, ngeposi, okanye udlula kwi EEOC & #217; iilayini zezibuko.

Hlola Umgca Ofileyo Wosuku Olungama-90

Xa ufumana ileta eya ekunene ukuya kwincwadi, ikhalenda ngokukhawuleza ixesha lokuphuma. Musa ukuthembela kwi EEOC ukukukhumbuza. Abaninzi abaxeli balahlekelwa lilungelo labo lokukumangalela ngokuphosa eli xesha lesibini. Ukuba ufuna ixesha elininzi, ungacela iEEOC ukuba ibhalwe ileta kamva, kodwa awunakuyibhala ityala ngaphandle komnye.

Isiphelo: Ukukhusela Amalungelo Akho Ukutyhubela Ixesha

Ummiselo wokungaqiniseki kwento yokuba ucalucalulo lobudala ulucelomngeni olungqongqo olufuna ukuba kwenziwe ngokungxamisekileyo. Ummiselo wexesha elimisiweyo we-ADEA weentsuku ezili-180 (okanye iintsuku ezingama-300 kumazwe athe wahlala ehleli) uphakathi kweyona mida emifutshane phantsi kwawo nawuphi na umthetho we-onke umthetho we-ovemental. Ukungawufumani kuthetha ukulahlekelwa yikhambi yendlela yonyango yesizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inyanzeleka njani na ubungqina bakho. Imiqathango yexesha karhulumente ingaba ingaba ingaba ingenakuxolelwa ngendlela efanayo. Ngokuqonda ixesha lokuqalisa kosuku, iziphumo zezenzo eziqhubekekayo, kunye nezixhobo eziphakathi kwemiqatha yemithetho yesizwe nemithetho, uyakwazi ukukhusela amalungelo akho asemthethweni. [OFFFOFOF:[2] okanye ukhokelo olufanelekileyo lobungangameli: [NFFO] ugcino-ALL; umhla olandelayo obekiweyo.[4] Ulawulo olupheleleyo.[0] Ulawulo olupheleleyo lomthetho olupheleleyo.U.U.U.U.U.