Imbali Yomjikelo

Unyuko lwahluka-hlukene ngokuphawulekayo kumaxesha namazwe awahlukeneyo, abonisa indlela ejikelezayo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi. Kunyulo lokuqala lwesizwe eUnited States, kunyulwa luye lwaphelela kumadoda amhlophe aphethe impahla, avelisa amanani angaphantsi kwama-20% kubemi abadala. Ulwandiso oluthe ngcembe lwamadoda amhlophe olungelulo, kwangoko kumabhinqa akwiSinyuko se-199th Amereka ngo19, kwaye ekugqibeleni aseAfrika atsho atsho atsho atsho atsho atsho atsho atsho phantsi koMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1992/brodate. Kodwa njengokuba imidangatho engongomthetho yahlayo, ithe yaguquka ngenxa yemfazwe, uxinezeleko, kunye nentlalo lwentlalo. Umzekelo, unyulo nyaka wama-1912563%, njengoko unyulo lunyusiwe lunyusiwe ngonyuso olukhulu, ngethuba lokuqala lonyulo lokuqala, unyulo lokuqala lokujika kolu, unyulo lokuqala lokuqala lokuqala oluqhelekileyo, ulu lwangoku nje oluqhelekileyo, uluvo oluqhelekileyo.

Imilinganiselo Esusiweyo Yexesha Elide EUnited States

Ukususela phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20, unyulo lomongameli wase-U.S. luye lwajikeleza phakathi kwe-50% kunye no-67% yabemi abanokuvota (VEP). Unyulo luka-1960(uhlanga oluthe thathu phakathi kukaJohn F. Kennedy noRichard Nixon/Ikharejil/incwadi ebhaliweyo ekhutshiweyo yogqatso lomamdlano wama- 63.8%, iqhutywa yimizwano yemfazwe yomlomo kunye namalungelo abantu. Ngokutsha nje, unyulo (66%) nonyulo lwama-209%), lumele inkqumngxube ngo-5,1.1988%, ngaphambi kokuba abaphandi bezinzi babonise ukuthotho ngokulula kwemiqatha kwemiqatha yeemeko zoburhulumente, ukunyuka kokungathembana kwemibutho yoluntu, nokurhoxina kwe-ondo lwezopolitiki, kodwa ngokungaphezulu, kodwa i-othe , i-ethe , i-ethe ingcali zezo zezopolitiki, kodwa i-ethe, i-ethe, i-e

Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lowama-2013 nowama-2012

Unyulo lomongameli ka-2008 lwafumana umdla ongaqhelekanga, ngokuya kufikelela kuma-6.2.2% abavoti abafanelekileyo. Iphulo likaBarack Obama lazilungiselela ngempumelelo abavoti abaselula, ama-Afrika, kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba bokuqala ngomdlalo oqinileyo kunye nolwamkelo lokuqala lokulungisa amanani. UVoter warhoxa phakathi konyaka we-18-29 ubudala wabetha 49%, ophezulu ukususela ngo1972. Ngokufanayo, unyulo lwangowama-2012 lwabona ukudibana okuzinzile no 61.8%, nangona abathathi-nxaxheba kolutsha bathe nakutshona kancinci. Olu nyulu nyulo lwabonisa ukuba lungangeneli kunye nokungena komdlalo lwe-minxeba-209 ngokunjalo kwishumi leminyaka ukuchasana kwezelo lokungaphindiswa kwezelelwe kwezoqoqosho kunye nokunyanye kwempilo.

Iphuma kukhetho lwexeshana

Ngeli xesha unyulo lomongameli lutsalela ingqalelo eninzi, unyulo oluphakathi kwexesha lokujika lubaluleke ngokufanayo kwimo yokuqonda. Ngokwembali, ukujika kwexesha eliphakathi kwi-U.S. bekusezantsi kakhulu, umlinganiselo omalunga nama-40-45% eVEP. Kodwa ke, unyulo oluphakathi kwe-201820 lwakonakalisa iingxelo nge 53.4%, ukurhoxa okuphezulu, kwexesha eliphakathi ukususela ngo-1914. Abaqhubi be-intloko benqwelo-moya babequka ukusabela okunamandla kwiTRUMP, ukuthatha inyathelo eliphambili ngokulingana nokwesicazulu sobufana nokwelo, kunye nobhaliso olunobukhali. Oku kubonisa ukuba kwanakusukela kwiminyaka ephakathi kunyulwa lungakhuthaza ukuvotelelwa kwemiba novoti-omatili xa kusenziwa imibutho kwaye kuvelwa ekufumaneni ngaphandle kwemali-voti.

Ukuthelekiswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Ukujika kwelizwe kunyulo kuyahluka-hluka kakhulu kumazwe angoolawulo-melo. Amazwe anyanzelekileyo, njengovoto olufana ne-Australia neBelgium, asoloko ebona amanani okuvota aphantsi ngaphezulu kwama-80% abavoti ababhalisiweyo. Okubangelwe kukuba unyulo olunyanzelekileyo lwase-Australia, olunyanzelekileyo luye lwagcinwa ngokuzinziswa ziinkozo ezincinane, luye lwagcinwa phantse kuma-91% kamashumi eminyaka. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iinkqubo zokuvota zokuzithandela kumazwe afana ne-United States, iSwitzerland, kunye neJapan, zivelisa umlinganiselo osezantsi (ngokuqhelekileyo ngezantsi kwama-60%.). Okubangelweyo, unyulo lwepalamente lwaseYurophu lungadlula 70% kumazwe afana ne-Sweden ne-Denmark, apho iqela elinamandla lemigaqo yokhuseleko likhuthaza ukuthathela inxaxheba kwezentengo zentlalo-ntle eUnited States, ukukhuthaza ukubhaliswa kweminyaziso olufanelekileyo kwenkqubo yezizwe ngezizwe ezifuna ukuvolwayo.

Umculo Onyanzelisayo Nemiphumo Yawo

Uvotelo olunyanzelekileyo luyenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqu eziphezulu zinokufumaneka, kodwa lusaqhubeka lunempikiswano. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi kukhuthaza umsebenzi wezentlalo kwaye kunciphisa ukungalingani kwentlalo-ntle ekungeneleni. E-Australia, ukuvota okunyanzelisayo kuye kwawunciphisa umsantsa phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu, kwaye kwasusa umahluko omkhulu wemfundo ephakathi kwezizwe nemfundo ebonwayo kwisixokelelwano sokuzithandela. Abagxeki, noko ke, baphikisa ukuba ukunyanzeleka kokuvota kutho kulula inkululeko yezobupolitika kwaye kusenokukhokelela ekuchazeni okanye ekuvuseni ivoti. Ubungqina obuvela eBrazil naseArgentina bubonisa ukuba ngoxa ukuvota okunyanzekileyo kunyuse ngaphandle, akuyiphucul intsingiselo yomthetho wedemokhrasi. Nangona kunjalo, amazwe afana neAustralia aye aphumelela ekuvotiseni ukuvota kunye nokuthoza okuncinane, ukulungiselela ukurhoxabela ngeminyaniswa kweminyaniso ephantsi kwezizwe eziphantsi.

Izixhobo zokukhupha imbonakalo ye Voter Turnout

Iimpawu zomgangatho wobume bendalo ziyaqhubeka zingumqondiso onamandla wokuba ngubani ovotayo nohlala ekhaya. Ukuhlolisisa ukubhatala ngokweminyaka yobudala, uhlanga, imfundo, ingeniso, kunye nendawo ekhoyo kubonisa ukungalingani okuzingisileyo okucel ’ umngeni iinjongo zedemokhrasi. Ukuphendula ezi zahlukaniso kufuna imigaqo-nkqubo ejoliswe kuluntu nongenelelo olusekelwe kuluntu.

Ubudala Neenguquko Zesizukulwana

Iminyaka ihlala ingomnye wemivuzo enamandla yokuvota, nabemi abadala bevota ngesantya esiphezulu kunabancinane. Kunyulo lwama-2020, kunyulwa abavoti abafanelekileyo abaneminyaka engama-65 kwaye bafikelela kuma-76%, ngoxa ama-51% kuphela eminyaka eli-18-29 ubudala bephosa amavoti. Noko ke, kukho iimpawu zotshintsho: ulutsha lujika ngomlinganiselo wama-202020 eephesenti ngaphezu konyaka ka-2016, luqhutywa yimibambo enzima efana notshintsho lwemozulu, ityala lomfundi, kunye nokugweba kohlanga. Isizukulwana esiziisizukulwana (esizelwe emva konyaka we-199) sibonisa ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiminyaka elinganayo kuneminyaka eliwaka ngaphambi koko, sicebisa ukuba kunyuke ukutshintshwa okunokwenzeka. Imikhankatho esetyenziswa ngoonontanga, ukujikeleza kwe-ontanga, ukulungiselela nokulungisa iprojekthi eluncedo kwi-ebhusayi-e-19.

Uhlanga, Ubuhlanga Nemvukelo

Umahluko wobuhlanga nowesizwe kwivoti uye wancitshiswa kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kodwa uhlala ubalulekile. Ngo-2020, isantya sokuvuleka kwabamnyama yaba ngama- 63%, xa kuthelekiswa nama-71% kubavoti abamhlophe abangengobalawuli, umsantsa we-8% yeencam. Oku kumela inkqubela ephawulekayo ukusuka kwixesha langaphambili, xa uJim Crow kunye novavanyo lokufunda lungakunyanzelisi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabamnyama. Noko ke, umsantsa ozinzileyo wokuzinyusela xa ulawula ingeniso nemfundo, kwaye unyuswa ngokwemithetho ye-ovotislasi ebhabhabhayo. I-ski kunye ne-a American American ithelelane iin ekwayo ide yawa phantsi kwemiqatha, imigangatho esezantsi yemidabini, imfuno yemiqatha, kunye neenqobo ye-friveat, kunye ne-odvolueting, imibutho ekhuselwayo njenge-Foctived [0], i-Foctived, i-octive, i-omati

Imfundo nengeniso

Imfundo nengeniso ziphakathi kwezona zixelwano zinamandla zokuvota. Ngo-2020, amaMerika aneqondo eliphezulu okanye eliphezulu lovota ngomlinganiselo wama-80%, xa kuthelekiswa nje no 55% walawo ane-diploma ephezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Ngokunjalo, abavoti kwingeniso ephezulu i-quintile ibotelwe phantse kabini kwisantya esiphindwe kabini kwisantya sabachongi basemazantsi. Ukungqubana phakathi kwemeko yemeko yemali nemeko ephezulu, ukujika kuchazwa ngokwenxenye ngokweembono engqubanweni yobuchule belizwe, ulwazi lwezobupolitika, kunye nemibutho yentlalo. Abantu abafumana imali ephezulu banokudibana namathuba okulungele ukudibana, ukuba nemisebenzi elungele ukuvota, nokukholelwa kwimicimbi yabo. Ukuguqula imicimbi enjalo njengomhla wokurhoxakeka kwesizwe, ukuhlawulwa kweholide, ukubonelela ixesha kunye nokuvota, ukuvota ixesha lokuvota, ukubonelela i-oti ye-eventswola yonke indawo.[FF]

Ukwenziwa kwengcaciso yejiyografi

Ujikelezo lweVoter lwahluka-hluka ngokuphawulekayo yimimandla yommandla welizwe phakathi kwamazwe. EUnited States, luchaza njengeMinnesota, iWisconsin, neColorado ngokufuthi ikhokela ekuchongeni (ngaphezulu kwe-70% kwi-202020), ngeli xesha amazwe anjengeHawaii, West Virginia, neTexas Canea Caners (kumazantsi ama-60%). Umahluko uqhutywa yimigaqo-manani omgangatho karhulumente: uthetha ukuba ngobhaliso olufanayo lomhla wokuvota, ukuvota, kunye nokugada kweposi kubone ukuphambuka okuphezulu ngomlinganiselo. Imimandla yasezidolophini ithambeka kancinci kunemimandla yedolophu nemimandla yedolophu, ngokwenxalenye ngenxa yeendawo ezinyukelayo kunye nemigama elide. Ngoxa uxilongo lwasedolo lwasedolophini lukhuthaza ukuqokelelwa nokufikelela kolwazi, kwakhona kwemigca elinganayo yeminye.

Izixhobo zokwakha

Ngaphandle koonobangela bokwanda kwabemi, imiqobo yamaqumrhu iyaqhubeka ithintela umvoti kwidemokhrasi ezininzi. Le miqobo idla ngokuba ngumphumo wokukhetha iinkqubo zeqhinga kwaye inokuba negalelo ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto kuluntu oluphantsi.

Ubhaliso lwezibonelelo

I-United States ihlala ingomnye wemibutho embalwa ehambele phambili apho ulawulo-bume lwezikhundla apho ubhaliso lwamavoti lungumthwalo womntu ngamnye, kunokuba kube ngurhulumente. Oku kudala umqobo obalulekileyo, ingakumbi kubantu abaselula, abafumana abantu abaphantsi, nabo bahamba rhoqo. Ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo (AVR), olubhalisa abemi abafanelekileyo xa besebenzisana nabameli bakarhulumente njenge-DMV, luye lwamkelwa ngamaphondo angama-222, kunye nommandla weSithilini waseColumbia. I-AVR ibona amanani okubhalisa anyuka ngo-5-15%, kunye nezigingqi ezihambelanayo. Ngokufanayo, ukubhalisa okufana nosuku olunye, olufumaneka kumareyi 21, luvumela ukuba babhalise kwaye bavote ngoSuku lokwenza umsebenzi we-mthetho. Uphando lubonisa ukuba usuku olunye oluyalulo lunganyuka ngomlinganiselo-57.

Imithetho yeVoter kunye nokufumaneka

Imithetho yokwahlula engqongqo iye yanda kakhulu kwiU.S. ukususela ngoo-2010, enamaphondo alithoba afuna i-ID yefoto ukuvota. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba imithetho enjalo ithintela ukuqhatha, nangona uphando lusoloko lufumana ukuba i-person provotar inqabile kakhulu. Abachasi baphikisa ukuba imithetho engqongqo ye-ID enqanyulwe ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto phakathi kweqela, abakhulileyo, abatshati-ntle abazamkelayo abambalwa abanokufumana i-ama-ID karhulumente-asemgangathweni. I-sciftis ezikhoyo zicuthene ze-ams. I-ethelekelela ngo-2014 i-ethelekele i-ethelekele i-eam'iethematili ye-FT i-octives, ngaphandle kweziphumo ezithenjiweyo ezithenjiweyo.

Ukwenziwa kwento eninzi yokungcolisa kunye namaxesha okulinda

Indawo kunye nenani leendawo zovolo ezichaphazela ngqo. Kumazwe amaninzi, iindawo zokuvota ziqiniswe okanye zivalwe, ingakumbi kwintlawulo ephantsi nemimandla encinane, ekhokelela ekulindeni ixesha elide kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba esezantsi. Ingxelo yama-2020 ifumanise ukuba ezinye iindawo zomthonyama zilinde amaxesha angaphezu kweyure, ngoxa unyuko olumhlophe lubekwe phantsi kwemizuzu elishumi. Ii-oyile ezinde ziyaluyeka uvota, ingakumbi kubasebenzi abangakwaziyo ukuphosa umsebenzi. Izicombululo ziquka ukwandisa ukuvota kwangelwa kwangethuba, ukwandisa inani leendawo zokuvota, nokusebenzisa iindlela zokuvota ezikuhlala kwikhompyutha okanye kwiposi evoti. Unyulo lwama 202020 luye lwanda kakhulu kwiposi-inbolote xa kunikwa ukhetho, ukhetho oluninzi lweencwadi olukhethiweyo.

Izithintelo Zobuqu Nezentlalo

Kwanaxa imiqobo engekhoyo iphantsi, iimeko zobuqu kunye nesimo sengqondo soluntu zinokuthintela ukuthathi-nxaxheba. Ucwangciso lomsebenzi, iimbopheleleko zentsapho, iingxaki zempilo, nokungabikho kwezithuthi kudla ngokucatshulwa ngezizathu zokungavoti. Kunyulo lwama-202020, malunga ne-9% yabangengomalungu ee-vota bathi babexakekile kakhulu okanye beneenkqubo ezingqubanayo, ngoxa izicwangciso ezithi zi-6% zichaziwe okanye zikhubazekile. Ukuthutho zihlala zingumqobo emaphandleni, kwiindawo ezizimeleyo, iimbopheleleko zemoto, imimandla elungele ukubhankithayo, imimandla ekwimimandla esemaphandleni, imimandla ebanzi ekwimimandla ekwimimandla esemaphandleni, okanye elungele ukuvota, ukuvota i-ntlalo-ntle ephakathi kwe-manyeneyo okanye iimpembelelo ezitheneyo ze-mediamsssssss, i-opera yoluntu lonke (kunye i-opera yoosivoticelonke).

Iinkalo zengqondo nezezigulo

Ukurhoxa komdla wokusebenza, ukuthemba urhulumente, nomdla kwezobupolitika kuphenjelelwa ziimvakalelo zabavoti. Ukuhla kokusuka kuma-1960 ukuya kuma-1980 kwadibana nokuncipha kokuthembana korhulumente emva kwemfazwe yaseVietnam, iWatergate, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezoqoqosho. Namhlanje, uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba abantu abaninzi abangengovoti abangovotiyo bavakalelwa ukuba akukho nto ibalulekileyo okanye ukuba omabini amaqela amakhulu ayafana. Le mvakalelo yokudimazeka inamandla kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abaselula nabangenayo kwaye abangenayo kwi-voti. Ngokuphikisana noko, xa unyulo luqondwa njengokusondela okanye ukuphakama, ukunyuka. Unyuso lonyulo lwama 2020 lungachazwa ngokuba lukhulu yaye lukho ngokuphangazeleleka okukhulu. Iiklawo ezo zifundo zemfundo zemfundo zemfundo, njengoko iiklawo zoluntu ezikhoyo kunye nolwando lwe-intanethi kwi-intanethi kwe-intanethi kwe-intanethi, nangona kuthenjiwe, ukunyuselwa koluvo oluthelelwa ngokokuthethwayo.

Indima Yobugcisa Nezobugcisa

Uphando lubonisa ukuba “IVolity” iqhosha lobucukubhede bemiyalezo yentlalo, lanyuka ngokuvota okumalunga nama-340 000 kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo nezingalunganga. Noko ke, ubugcisa benza amaphulo afikelele izigidi ze-odoli, ivoti, kunye neendawo zokuvota ezinokucinezela amaqela athile. Unyuko lwe-algoric yoluvo oludityanisiweyo lunganciphisa ukuvota, lunciphisa ukuzimisela nokuhleba phakathi konyaka ka-20100,000. Noko ke, ubugcisa benza ukuba kubekho iiprojekthi ezigqwetha, ukuvota, kunye neendawo zokuvota ezinokucinezela inxaxheba phakathi kwamaqela athile. Unyuko lwe-algorityllthmet, ukurhola nokurhola kwe-posi ye-voti yenze inkqubo yobuchule obulula.

Ungenelelo lomgaqo-nkqubo ekukhuliseni

Oorhulumente banezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokwandisa umvoti, ukusuka kwizinto ezincinci ezibuthathaka ukuya kwiinguqu ezisisiseko zokhetho. Ubungqina obusuka kwimilingo yendalo kunye nokuthelekisa okunqamlezileyo kunika ukhokelo olucacileyo kwimisebenzi.

Ukuphuma kwasekuqaleni kunye nokudlala i-imeyili

Uphando lubonisa ukuba uvotelo lwangaphambili lunganyusa unyuso lwendawo ngethuba kwaye indlela yokuvota yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokwandisa ukuvota. Uvota, ngokufumaneka kumaxesha angama- 39, luvumela abavoti ukuba bafake ibholati kwiintsuku okanye iiveki phambi koSuku lokhetho. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba ukuvota kwakudala kunganyusa unyuko ngemiba elishumi elinambini namashumi amane eepesenti, ingakumbi phakathi kwaleyo inemiqatha yemiqathango yomsebenzi. Ukuvota //ukuvota okuqhutywe ngo2020 ngenxa ye-CHOVID-19* kwabangela isiphumo esibalulekileyo: la mazwi athumela ivotats zonyuso kuwonke oovoti ababhali bebona unyuko lweendawo ezibhaliswe kwiipesenti ezingama-5-10 xa kuthelekiswa nokokuba nesizathu. Ngoko, inkxabisiswa ngenkohliso (ngenkulu) kunye neengxaki ze-logtivestiki ehlala ikhona.

Ubhaliso-zincwadi oluzenzekelayo nolwemini enye

Ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo lomvoti (AVR) nobhaliso olufanayo lwemini enye (SDR) lunenkxaso enamandla ye-bipartisan kumazwe okufumana umntwana. I-AVR, ngoku isebenza kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20, inyuse isantya sokubhalisa nge 5-10% kunye nesokunyusela ngokuvala izithuba ezikhoyo. I-SDR, ifumaneka kumaphondo angama-21 kunye ne-D.C., inyusa ukujika ngokuqikelelwa kwe-3-pasenti yepesenti. Zombini ezi ziinguqu zandisa ngokugqithisileyo ukuthatha inxaxheba phakathi kwabancinane, ingeniso esezantsi, kunye nevotiventi encinane, ukunceda ukuvala izithintelo ezikhoyo. Amaxabiso okusebenzisa ezi zizinto aphantsi kakhulu, ngokufuthi asezantsi, asezantsi ngokogcino-mali yolawulo. Umthetho wesizwe njengomthetho wenkululeko lokusebenza kwiVote Act, kodwa imiqobo yezobupolitika.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokudlala ezinyanzelisayo

Ngoxa ukuvota okunyanzelekileyo kungenakufumaneka kwi-United States ngenxa yenkcaso yenkcubeko nezobupolitika, amanye amazwe aye amkela iinguqulelo ezithobayo, ezifana nokuya kwizikhululo zovolo ngaphandle kwesohlwayo sokungalunyusi okanye intlawulo encinane. I-Netherland yaluphelisa uvotelo olunyanzelekileyo ngowe-1970 yaza yabona ukuhla kusuka kuma-95% ukuya kuma-75%, iqinisela malunga nama-80% kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kumazwe akhutshelwe phantsi kakhulu, ukuvota okunyanzeleka okunyanzeleka kungazisa ulwano oluphawulekayo, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngobuchule ukuhlonela inkululeko yabemi. Utshintsho olufunekayo ngakumbi “umrhumo wokuvota" yiphumo lokuvota njengendlela yomthetho yezentlalo, edityaniswe ngenkxaso yezentlalo.

Iinkathazo Zexesha Elizayo

Ikamva lovoti liya kupheliswa kukutshintsha kwamanani, uphuhliso lwezobugcisa, kunye namadabi owiso-mthetho. Njengoko unyulo lwaseMelika luba lwahluka-hlukene kakhulu, iipateni zokujika lungatshintsha: abaselula, izizukulwana ezahlukahlukeneyo ekugqibeleni zingavota ngokwemigangatho ephezulu njengoko bekhula, kodwa kuphela ukuba imiqobo iyasuswa. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yezobulungisa yasekuhlaleni iqhubekeka ukukhuthaza ukuvota, njengoko kubonwa ngo-201818 kunye no-2020. Kubugcisa obungaphambili, ukuvota okusekelwe kwi-intshi yovota esekelwe kwi-intanethi kuvavanywa kwiimvavanyo ezincinane, nangona imibandela yokhuseleko ihleli. Okwangoku, imigudu yokuthintela ukuvota ukufikelela kwezinye iindawo intengosongelo emva kwemiqatha. Ukuququlungelana kwezi mikhosi zonyuko luza kugqiba ukuba kunyuke kunyuke kunyuke kunyuke kunyuke unyukelo lwesizwe okanye kunyukelo lwamazwe.

Ugcino-lwazi lwezizwe ngezizwe olusuka ku IInternational Institute for Democratic and Electoral Transviation (IDEA) lubonisa ukuba ngoxa ujikelezo lwehlabathi lonke lwehla kancinci ukususela ngo-1990, amazwe amaninzi aye aphembelela utyekelo olusuka kutshintsho. Umongameli wase-U.S. ulwelo oluphambili olusekiweyo kwidemokhrasi ekuthabatheni inxaxheba, kodwa utshintsho lwakutshanje kumazwe afana noColorado (odoladolarado, ukuvota okubanzi kwe-mini yonke, ukubhalisa okufana nobhaliso oluzenzekelayo) luye lwarhoxandusela ngaphezulu kwe-70%. Ukuba ezimodeli, iU.S. lunokubona unyuko lomongameli lunyuka ngaphezu kwama-70% kwixesha lokuqala ukususela ngowe-1900. Ukufumana olo sukelo luza kufuna ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwe-evocation, i-bisparvoluea kunye nokukhul-o-og.

Isiphelo

Unyulo lwesizwe lubonisa inkqubela kunye nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo. Unyulo lwama-2020 lubonise ukuba ukuthelekisa imigaqo ephambili kunokwenzeka xa imiqobo ihliswa kwaye abavoti bebotshwa ngokunzulu. Noko ke, umahluko omkhulu ngokweminyaka, ingeniso, nemo yezulu ushiyekile. imbali ibonisa ukuba ukujika akumiselwanga kwangaphambili kodwa kunokwenziwa ngemithetho, imibutho yasekuhlaleni, kunye nemisebenzi yezobugcisa. Ukuthelekiswa kwezizwe ngezizwe kunika izifundo ezixabisekileyo: amazwe anokubhalisa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuvota, okanye ukulinganisa okunyanzelekileyo okungaguquguqukiyo okungaguquguqukiyo ngokweminyaka, ukulingana nemithetho ye-e-e-e-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi, imidalivtiss, ukunyuswa kwemidayo e-ontathsa i-odologo, ukurhoxa i-okisa i-denti, ukurhoxakeka kwemiqatha yemithetho esetyenziswayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqatha elungele ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho esebenzayo, nokubhalisa i-evoluvolwa kwemithetho elungele ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho elungele