Inkcaso ngezithethe neendawo zelifa lemveli iphakathi kweengxubakaxaka ezichukumisiweyo nezintsonkothe kakhulu ngokweemvakalelo nezisemthethweni kwibutho lanamhlanje. La manxuwa `eeetempile zamandulo, amabala angcwele, iUNESCO World Heritage, okanye imimandla yasezidolophini embalini(ii-"emontstyy) ukuma komanyano lwesizwe, intsingiselo yokomoya, kunye nokudibana okunzulu koluntu. Xa iingcinezelo, iimigaqo-mthetho zokulondolozwa komhlaba, okanye ingquzulwano ekhoyo, ingquzuzwana, okanye iziphumo ezibangelwa zibangelwa zizinto eziqhelekileyo, zibangela ungquzulwano oluqhelekileyo olulula, oluqhelekileyo olubangelwa kukungasamkelwa kwento. Ekuphenduleni okuninzi, kunye neziphumo ezikhulayo, kunye nenkqubo eyaziwa njengendlela yoluntu, kunye nesantya esiqinileyo, ezisetyenziswa yingcambano esetyenziswa njengendlela yokuzinyolelo, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho esetyenziswa yimeko ephakathi yemithetho esetyenziswa njengeepasembini exhasayo, elandela, elandela inkundla, e

Ukuqonda Ukugwetywa Kwabemi

Isingqinisi soluntu sisenzo sokuzibophelela sempikiswano apho umxhasi womntu wesithathu enokuba negalelo elithathwini, ````ujongana'' enokuba luncedo kakhulu kwimpikiswano engxamisekileyo ephuma kuwo onke amacala kwaye anika ukuzimisela. Ngokungafaniyo nokudityaniswa, apho amaqela adla ngokubotshwa ngaphambi kokuba agqitywe yisigqibo, ukudanyaniswa kwelizwe kusoloko kunika ummiselo okanye “isigqibo esikhawulezayo” esinokucetyiswa kamva enkundleni. Oku kwenza ukuba kube luncedo ngokukhethekileyo kwiimpikiswano ezingxamisekileyo, njengokumisa ukusondela kwesakhiwo esingcwele okanye ukugqiba isiphelo esikhawulezileyo somgxubeko. Iimeko ezithethwini zidla ngokuzibonelela umthetho onxulumene nomthetho kunye nombandela ongenanto, ukulawulwa kwelizwe, okanye ukulawulwa kwelizwe, okanye ukulawulwa kwelungelo loluntu, okanye ukulawulwa kwezakhono ezimele zibekwe kulwazi oluqhelekileyo, kunokumiswa ngokusesikweni kwemithetho-omthetho, kwaye kungenziwangathethiso somthetho, kungqinwano, kubungqina obungamelenelwanenolwazi, kuthethwano, kuthethwa, ukusetyenziswa, uku

Umahluko Ongundoqo Kulwahlulo nohlulo

Oogqirha bezigqibo abazidib'impikiswano badla ngokuzoba imigca ecacileyo phakathi komququzeleli, ukuququzelela, kunye nokukhupha izithuba. Ummeli unceda amaqela anxibelelana ngesisombululo sawo kodwa akanawo amandla okumisela isigqibo. Ulwamkelo lunxulumene kwaye lubophelele, kunye nomquququzeleli osebenza njengomgwebi wabucala. Ukungavumelani kwangaphakathi kuhlala phakathi. Kusoloko kungumthetho (owenziwe ngomthetho kwiintlobo ezithile zengxabano, njengokhuseleko okanye ityala), kwaye umxhasi wetyala unyanzeleka ngaphandle kokuba uphendulwe. Le nkqubo yentlalo yenza i-mfashoni ifanele ifumane iziphumo ezikhethekileyo zenkcubeko, apho amaqela afuna iziphumo ezithe ngqo kodwa afuna ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho yezomthetho elungele ukuvavanywa.

Indlela Ukwahlukana Okukhoyo Kwinkundla Yesithethe

  • Isantya sexesha elikhawulezayo, Imigca yexesha eligqithisiweyo ilinganiswa ngeeveki kuneminyaka. Iimpikiswano ezininzi zelifa zithatha ixesha--a rolator ingalinda/-----ngoko izigqibo ezikhawulezayo zithintela umonakalo ongalungisekiyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Expertise: Abaququzeleli bakhethelwa ukwazi kwabo umthetho welifa, ulondolozo lwenzululwazi, okanye amasiko oluntu, kunokuba abagwebi bobupolitika abanokuswela umongo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ikhompathimenti: encitshisiweyo ukuntsonkotha kwento eninzi iguqulela kwimirhumo ephantsi esemthethweni, yenza inkqubo ifikeleleke kumaqela abomthonyama, ugcino lwasekuhlaleni, namanye amaqela angenamida.
  • [[UMTL:0] Unikezelo lweNkcubeko: Ukuva kungahlalisa ubungqina obungebobobuqhelekileyo obufana nobungqina bomlomo, izinto zesithethe, okanye utyelelo lwenxuwa, olusoloko lukhutshwa okanye lungaxabisekanga kwiinkundla ezisesikweni.

Iingenelo Zokungatshatiswa kwabemi kwiNkcubeko neLifa

Iinzuzo zokubhangisa iimfazwe zelifa lemveli zidlulela ngaphaya kokusebenza kakuhle kwemvelaphi. Xa ingxangxwabangxwaba ibandakanya indawo enentsingiselo enzulu yenkcubeko, indlela yokulungisa imicimbi phantse njengesiphumo. Ukugweba kunika iingenelo ezininzi ezahlukileyo ezihambelana namaxabiso okhuseleko lwelifa.

Umanyano loLuntu

Ngokungafaniyo nokucazululwa, okuthi kubangele amatheko njengeentshaba, isifungo sikhuthaza incoko kunye nokuxuba iingxaki. Ummeli usoloko evula iingxubusho apho icala ngalinye lichaza kungekuphela nje indawo yalo esemthethweni kodwa nokubaluleka kwesithethe okanye komoya kwesiza. Oku kuqondana kunganciphisa ubutshaba kwaye kubeke isiseko sentsebenziswano eqhubekayo. Umzekelo, kwimpikiswano phakathi kwesizwe soMdabu-Melika kunye nomasipala wasekuhlaleni kumhlaba wokungcwaba ongcwele, umxhasi wanceda amaqela avumela amaqela ukuba avumelane ngecebo lokuphatha abasemagunyeni abavumela ukufikelela esidlangasini soluntu ngexa kukhusela imicimbi. Ulwalamano aluphelangaphelangasombululo lwesigqibo esiqhubekayo.

Isantya Nongxamiseko

Ilifa lenkcubeko lisoloko lisongelwa kukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukubola kwendalo. Ityala lenkundla lingaqhubeka kangangeminyaka ngelixa isakhiwo esinembali sidilika okanye ihlathi elingcwele lisikiwe ngokucacileyo. Ukukhutshwa kwemithi kungenza isigqibo esibophelelayo phakathi kweeveki, kuvumele amanyathelo okulondolozwa aqale ngoko nangoko. Kumazwe amaninzi, iinkqubo zokuthethelela inkqubo yelifa lemveli xa kusenziwa iimpikiswano. "ezifana naleyo eUnited Kingdom phantsi kocwangciso (Izakhiwo Ezidwelisiwe Neengingqi) Act 1990-2010

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo nezichanekileyo ngokwenkcubeko

Abalawuli abaphelelanga kwiziphumo ezibini zemibala ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo efana neenkundleni. Bangasebenzisa izisombululo ezihlalisa izilangazelelo ezininzi: ukuvumela ukuphuhliswa okusikelweyo kokugcinwa kwezinto zakudala, ukwenza ugcino-lwazi, okanye ukuseka izakhiwo zolawulo lomanyano olunika abantu bomthonyama ilizwi elisemthethweni. Ngenxa yokuba umxhasi akabotshelelwanga ngemigaqo engqongqo esemthethweni (ngaphandle kokuba amaqela avumelane ngenye indlela), angatsala kwizixhobo zelifa lehlabathi, njengeConvention Concerrowing of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, okanye imithetho eqhelekileyo ebhaliswa ngabantu basekuhlaleni. Olu guqulo luyimfuneko xa kusetyenziswa iindawo ezinamagqabanezo azimeleyo, amanani abalulekileyo kwelinye iqela, ngokweembali kwilizwe, nakwezoqoqosho kwilinye elesithathu.

Isiphumo-

Amadabi asemthethweni amalunga nelifa lemveli angaphazamisa ubuncwane babantu abancinane kunye namaqela angophiliyo. Ukugwetywa kudla ngokubiza inxalenye yetyala elipheleleyo. Amatheko asabelana ngemali yombambi-tyala, kwaye kukho iiyure ezimbalwa ezichithwa ekufunyanisweni, ekuthuthweni, ekulungiselelweni kwengcali. Amaqela aphantsi kobungcali njengeebhunga zasemaphandleni okanye amaqumrhu asekuhlaleni, ukufumaneka kwemali kungathetha umahluko phakathi kokuphumelela kwetyala le-dvoccom kunye nokushiywa kwendawo.

Uphando lwetyala lokugwetywa kweLifa leMveli

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa indlela ukusetyenziswa kwesivumelwano soluntu kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zenkcubeko nezomthetho.

ISibizo Somthonyama Neendawo Ezingcwele EOstreliya

INative Thit Act yase-Australia imisela isakhiwo sokulungisa i-oventine Wative 1993 efuna ukusetyenziswa kwemingcwabo yelizwe lemveli kunye ne-application. INational Invidunt Tribunal isoloko isebenzisa imiyalelo yokusingatha iingxabano zokungavisisani ngeendawo ezingcwele ezisongelwa yimigodi okanye yiprojekthi yesiseko sesakhiwo. Kwenye imeko ephawulekayo, iWadi Wadi Wadi Wadidi abantu abangafuni ukusetyenziswa kombhobho wegesi kufutshane nendawo yokungcwaba oweza okanye yokungcwabela. Inkqubo ye-acawadia. I-a i-a comfortmentation yesizwe (*) isebenzisa iinyanga ezisixhenxe kwimfuno zemvelo-lifa yelizwe, ivumela abadala ukuba bathethe ngolwimi kunye nobungqina obukhoyo. Isigqibo esiphumayo sifuna ukuba i-injini yemali ehlawulwa yi-Trivent [ivent] kwimeko ezithentineyo.[1]

Ilizwe Elinelifa Eliyifama Elisigcini Sethutyana Liyaxabana Kumzantsi - mpuma Asia

Kwindawo yeLifa leMveli lehlabathi eKhambodiya, kwavela impikiswano phakathi kwabemi basekuhlaleni kunye nombhekisi phambili wehotele yabucala kulwakhiwo lwendawo ephakathi kwesigcini-mphantsi. Abahlali baphikisa ngelithi isakhiwo esitsha sasiza kuphazamisa imbonakalo yesakhiwo setempile yamandulo kwaye saphula imimiselo yelifa lesizwe. Urhulumente ocebisekileyo umlawuli welizwe. Umlawuli wesakhiwo unyanzelisa ngokukhawuleza ulondolozo lwesakhiwo, uphephe ukuqhutyelwa kweendawo zehotele, uhlolo olunokuthi luzibazise ngaphandle kokubona. [FLD:] I-USCOS Convention yehlabathi ye-live ye-RD [FUS] inika ulawulo olunjalo oluqhelekileyo lokwazisa ngemithetho efuna ukukhusela ubude beso.

Ukubuyiselwa KweCawa KwiMpuma Yurophu Okuyimbali

Impikiswano phakathi kwecawa yesizwe yobuOthodoki kunye neMyuziyam yengingqi ngokubuyiselwa kwe-15-centuriostasis. Umxhasi, umxhasi onamava embali kwicawa efuna ukuzimisela kooknaye boogxamente kunye nobugcisa. Amaqela avumelana ngokumanyumnyezi phantsi kongenelelo oluncinane lweBhunga lezizwe ngezizwe kwiMonualphons kunye ne-Webs (ICOMCOS). Isigqibo siquka icebo lokulondoloza ukulondolozwa kwenkundla, umxhasi wamava wezobugcisa embalini, apho ityala i-iconostasiss imele igcinwe ibekwe phantsi kwempatho encinane, ivumele ukuba zombini iinkonzo zecawa nokujonga uwonke. Isigqibo siquka icebo lokulondolo lwezolondolo lwezono oluxhakaliswayo lwecawa. [FFF.]

ISebe elingokwasemthethweni neleMicimbi yeNkcubeko

Ukusebenza kwento egqitywe ngomlomo kuxhomekeke kwisiseko esiqinileyo somthetho esinika inkqubo esemthethweni, enyanzelisayo nengaguquguqukiyo. Amazwe awahlukahlukeneyo aye amkela imizekelo eyahlukeneyo.

Iinkqubo zokwahlulwa komthetho

Amanye amazwe aye amisela umthetho ongqalileyo oyalela iindidi ezithile zelifa. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokucwangcisa yoManyano loBukumkani ivumela nabani na ukuba abhenele kwisigqibo segunya lasekuhlaleni ekudwelisweni kwemvume yokwakha, esebenza uhlobo oluthile lwezigqibo zolawulo. Umhloli/ingcali yelifa nokucwangcisa umthetho othile welifa kunye nokucwangcisa iimeko zelifa. (*) ujonga ityala kwaye ukhupha isigqibo esinyanzelekileyo. Ngokufanayo, eMzantsi Afrika, iSibonelelo seLifa lemveli silungiselela ukutyunjwa kwesivumelwano sefa lefa le-Pnestiaudcators ukusombulula iingxabano phakathi kwabasemagunyeni abasemagunyeni bempahla. Ezi nkqubo zemithetho yemithetho zinika igunya elicacileyo kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zazo zimele ukuba zinyazwe ngenkqubo yolawulo olukhoyo.

Ukugwetywa kwabucala ngesivumelwano

Xa kungekho cebo lomthetho lisebenza, amaqela angazithoba ngokuzithandela kwisivumelwano ngesivumelwano somdibaniso okanye ngesivumelwano sasemva kwetyala. Oku kuqhelekile kwiimpikiswano zelifa ezibandakanya abaphuhlisi, iingeniso, kunye namasebe karhulumente. Amagunya omxhasi kunye nendlela ebotshelelweyo yesigqibo ichazwa ngesivumelwano. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba sesikweni, isivumelwano kufuneka sichaze iimfaneleko zomxhasi, ixesha, umlinganiselo wobungqina, nendlela yokucel ’ umngeni isigqibo. Iintlangano ezifana neSiko le-Arbitrotators neSiviko sezizwe se-International for Seartmentmentation Disoultmental. Isivumelwano sokulungisa imodelitilithi enokwenziwa ngokweemodeli yemiqobo. [FTPGenelters]

Ikhetha abaLawuli beNkcubeko

Impumelelo yokufumana iziganeko ezimandundu, kodwa kwiimpikiswano zelifa lemveli, amaqela asenokufuna ukukhangela ngaphaya koludwe lwesithethe ukuze afumane abantu abanolwazi oluthile lwesithethe. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho kwinkcazo yelifa elikwizigqibo zivela kwiiyunivesithi nakwimibutho efana ne-ICOMOSI, ekwakukho nemigaqo yezomthetho yesithethe ekhuthaza izithethe.

Iingxaki Nokucingwa Kakubi

Phezu kwazo nje iinzuzo zayo ezininzi, izivumelwano zamakhaya aziyondawo yokunyanga. Abaxhasi nabagcini-mali kufuneka balwe nocelomngeni oluninzi.

Ukukhuthaza ubuchule benkcubeko nokulunga

Abaququzeleli, nokuba bangazi, banganyanzela iinguqu zabo zenkcubeko. Ngokomzekelo, igqwetha leNtshona eliqeqeshiweyo, lingafumana ilungelo lokufumana ubungqina bengxelo phezu kwezithethe zomlomo, lisenento yokwenza nento yokuba lingumntu wemfom-mfom. Ukudambisa le mithetho-siseko, yokushwankathelana kufuneka ziqonde ngokucacileyo iintlobo ezininzi zobungqina kwaye zivumele abameli boluntu ukuba bachaze umongo wenkcubeko. Kwezinye iindawo, abameli abaququzeleli be-coneocedo bamiselwe: ingcaciso enye engokwasemthethweni kunye nomdala omnye wenkcubeko.

Amandla Aphakathi Kwezikhephe

Iimpikiswano zelifa lemveli zidla ngokukhupha umbhekisi phambili ophakanyiswe kakuhle okanye umbutho karhulumente ngokuchasene noluntu olunobuxhakaxhaka obunezinto ezincinane. Nangona isifungo sibiza imali eninzi kunexabiso eliphantsi, ixabiso lisenokuthintelwa amanye amaqela. Ngaphezu koko, amaqela angenamandla asenokuba angenabo ubuchule obusemthethweni okanye bobugcisa bokuchaza imeko yawo ngokunempumelelo. Izicombululo ziquka ukubonelela inkxaso yabameli bengingqi, ukuvumela uncedo lwe-probono yingcali, nokuqhuba iindlebe kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo. Abachazi-mthetho kufuneka balumke ngokuchasene nokuxhaphaza koonochuku okanye amaqhinga okuzinziswa liqela elinamandla.

Ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuphela

Kwinkqubo ezininzi zokumisa, isigqibo sisokubonelela kwaye sinokupheliswa yinkundla. Oku kuthoba isiphelo esisoloko sifunwa ngamaqela. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba isigqibo sisokugqibela kwaye sibophelele, amaqela asenokumadolw ’ avume ukuvumelana ukuba asoyika isiphumo esingekho sikweni ngaphandle kokucela uncedo. Ukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo / ukuvumela uhlolo lwezomthetho olulinganiselweyo kwizithuba ezimxinwa njengemposiso yento ekhoyo okanye imbonakalo yokungalungisiyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo izicwangciso zomthetho zidla ngokucombulula le ngxaki, kodwa izivumelwano zabucala kufuneka zicelwe kakuhle ukuze ziphephe izibheno ezingapheliyo.

Ukungajongi nokungaguquki

Ngenxa yokuba izigqibo zokuthungatha zisoloko ziyimfihlo okanye zingapapashwa, aziyila iqumrhu lemizekelo elinokwalathisa iimpikiswano zexesha elizayo. Oku kungakhokelela kwiziphumo eziguquguqukayo kwimibandela efanayo. Ukwakha imigaqo-siseko yelifa elingumanyano, abagcini-zibonda kufuneka bacinge ukupapasha izigqibo ezitsha (nolwazi olunzulu lwenkcubeko olukhuselweyo) kunye nokukhuthaza incoko phakathi kwababulali.

ICandelo lwexesha elizayo: Izindululo kwisiGqibo seLifa

Njengoko umhlaba uguquka, izixhobo ezintsha nezingenelo ziyanda indima yesifungo soluntu kwiimfazwe zelifa.

Ukurhoxiswa Kwezigqibo Zezigqibo Zelizwe

Uluntu oluninzi lwemida lunendlela zalo ezimiselwe ixesha elide zokucombulula iimpikiswano ezikhoyo kumanxuwa angcwele. Ezi zidla ngokubandakanya izangqa zokwakha imvisiswano, amabhunga amakhulu, okanye iinkqubo zesithethe. Isivumelwano samakhaya singatyeniswa ngokudibanisa amalungu ezi zithethe, njengokuvula imithandazo, ukusebenzisa abalungisi abasuka kuluntu, kunye nezigqibo ezimisela ukubuyiselwa koxolo kuloyiso olusemthethweni. Iinkqubo ze-Pilot eKhanada nase-New Zealand zicuthene neemodelidi ezididiyo ezidityaniswe kunye nemigaqo yemithetho yezobulungisa yamazwe ahlala eNtshona.

Izigqibo zempikiswano kwi Internet kwiimpikiswano zelifa

Isifo se-COVID-19 sikhawulezisa ulwamkelo lolwazi lwe-intanethi, kunye nelifa lemveli alikho likhethekileyo. Ukuva okuzinyanileyo kunganciphisa iindleko, kuvumele ukuthatha inxaxheba kuluntu olukude, kwaye kuvumele uhambo lwezinxulumani ludlule kwi-drane okanye 360-degreecodee vidiyo. Noko ke, kufuneka zenziwe ngolwazi lwenkcubeko: eminye imibhiyozo okanye ubungqina obudluliselwa ngomlomo bungafuna ubukho bomzimba kwindawo. Iimodeli ezidityanisiweyo zinokusetyenziswa kwi-intanethi kwaye izigqibo zokuzimisela ziyenzeka kumntu. Platformations njenge transmetic i-DPiffatine coosolution

Ukwakhiwa noqeqesho

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abalawuli bayakwazi ukufikelela kwimo-mfaneleko kunye nenkcubeko yobuchule, iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezinikezelweyo ziyafuneka. Iinkqubo zokungahambelani nomthetho, izikolo zomthetho, nemibutho yelifa lemveli ziqalisa ukunikela iziqinisekiso kwizigqibo zelifa lenkcubeko. Ezi zigqumathelo zelifa lehlabathi, ingxubusho yamagqwetha, unxibelelwano olunqamlezeneyo, kunye nokukhuphisana kobungozi. Iinyathelo eziphambili phakathi kwe-UNESCOS World Heritage Center kunye neequmrhu zokhetho lwezigqibo zeli zinokumisela imigangatho kunye nokuqumrhumela imicimbi yelifa lemveli emhlabeni wonke.

Isiphelo

Inkcaso yamakhaya imela indaleko ezenzekelayo neyobuntu ngendlela abantu abahlala kuyo abasingatha ngayo iingxabano ngokwenkcubeko nangendawo yelifa lemveli. Ngokutshata igunya elingokwasemthethweni ngobuchule obungokwesithethe kunye nolwazelelelo lwenkcubeko, inikela indlela ebhekiselele kwixabiso elinzulu lemvakalelo nelezinto zokomoya ezidibeneyo ezikhoyo. Ingxubusho evela eAustralia, eMzantsi Asia, neMpuma Yurophu ibonisa ukuba xa abaquququzeli benyuswayo benyulwa ngocotho baze banikwe amandla okuqwalasela ubungqina obucacileyo, iziphumo ziyakwazi ukugcina ilifa, ukwanelisa imicimbi emininzi yemibatho, kwaye zithintele ukucinezeleka kwemiqathako eqhubekayo, ukukhuselwa kwemeko yehlabathi lonke. Kodwa inkqubo ayikhangeli nto ibangele ukukhuselwa kwemeko entle, ukulingana nokugcinwa kolawulo olufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwemeko olufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwemeko-ok