Ukuqonda Imisebenzi Esisiseko Kurhulumente

Isiseko somthetho silungiselela indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuqwalasela izigqibo ezisekelwe kwimigaqo yokuziphatha, ikhokela amagosa karhulumente ukuba enze izinto ngendlela ehambelana nemilinganiselo yentlalo kunye nemigangatho esemthethweni. Ngokungafaniyo nokuthobela okusemthethweni, `ukungavumelani oku?"") isiseko semithetho yemithetho yemithetho siqhubele phambili: “uku, kulungile, kulungile, kulungile, kulungile?” Oku kubalulekileyo kuba imithetho inokuthi ihambele phambili ngokwezilangazelelo zoluntu okanye ingaqondakali kwiimeko ezintsha. Isiseko sokuziphatha esiqinileyo sixhobisa izicakaliso zikawonke wonke ukuba zihambele kwiindawo ezintle nezicacileyo, kuqinisekisa inkolelo kawonke yokuba amaziko asebenza kakuhle.

Kumthombo wayo, isiseko sokuziphatha sidibanisa imilinganiselo urhulumente athembisa ukuyiphakamisa: ukubonakala, ukuphendula ngokuphandle, ingqibelelo, okusesikweni, nokuhlonela umthetho. Le migaqo iba sisibona - langa ekuxilongwe kuso yonke imithetho, isivumelwano, kunye nenyathelo elifanelekileyo. Xa igxininiswa kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, iguqula isigqibo sokwenziwa kwenkqubo yentsebenzo sibe ngummiselo othe kratya wokuzibophelela. Urhulumente ofaka ingeniso kwimithetho enjalo ubona inzuzo enokuthenjwa, ukuphumelela, ukusebenza, kunye nelayisensi yentlalo-ntlalo ukuba isebenze.

Imigaqo yezomthetho yokwenza izigqibo zikarhulumente

Ukucaca nokuvuleka

Intsingiselo ecacileyo ithetha ukuba iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, ukuxhasa amaxwebhu, kunye nezizathu zilula kuluntu ngaphandle kokuba izizathu ezigunyazisayo ziyasebenza. Igqitha ngaphaya kwemizuzu yokuthumela i-intanethi-intanethi-"ithetha ukukhuthaza uhlolo ngokunempumelelo. Umzekelo, ukupapasha imigaqo yedrafti ukwenzela amagqabaza, ukuhambisa iintlanganiso zebhunga, nokugcina iisiseko ezisemgangathweni ezifunyanisiweyo zezivumelwano nenkcitho. Xa abemi benokubona ukuba izigqibo zifikelelwa njani, basengozini yokwamkela iziphumo naxa bengavumelani.

Ukuphendula kunye nembopheleleko

Ukuphendula kuqinisekisa ukuba amagosa aphendula ngezenzo nezigqibo zawo. Oku kufuna ukuba kuchazwe ngokucacileyo igunya, iindlela zokuxela ukungaziphindezeli ngaphandle kokoyika ukuphindezela, kunye neziphumo zokwaphuka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Iinkqubo zokuphendula ezisebenzayo ziquka iquke iqumrhu elizimeleyo lobuveleli, njengemigaqo-mthetho egunyazisiweyo, elijonga izikhalazo zezenzo zokulungisa. Ngaphandle kokuphendula, kwaneyona njongo iphambili ihlala ingumazwi eminqweno kunokuba ibe ngumgaqo.

Ingqibelelo Nokunyaniseka

Ingqibelelo inyanzela abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke ukuba benze ngokunyaniseka nangokungaguquguquki, baphephe nokubonakala bengenasimilo. Lo mgaqo ulawula intsebenziswano nabahlali, ukwamkelwa kwezipho, ukusingatha ulwazi oluyimfihlo, kunye nokutyhilwa kweengxaki zenkxwaleko. Uqeqesho olugxininisa iimeko zeli hlabathi nokwenene . njengokufumana igosa elijongene nomntu osebenza naye ngaphambili.

Ubulungisa Nokusesikweni

Isimilo sifuna ukuba bonke abagcini-nxaxheba bafumane uphando olulinganayo nolwamkelekileyo. Izigqibo akufunekanga zibonise inceba ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ngamaqela anxibelelana kakuhle okanye abantu abanomthwalo ophantsi. Okusesikweni kuthetha ukunika amaqela achaphazelekayo ithuba lokuviwa, ngoxa okusesikweni okungagqibeleliyo kujongeka kwiziphumo. Iirhulumente zisebenzisa iingxelo zeziphumo zeziphumo ezithelekelelwayo ukuvavanya ukuba izigqibo ezicetyiweyo zingaba negalelo njani kumanani abantu ahlukeneyo, ziqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo yokuziphatha iguqulelwe kwiziphumo nje eziqhelekileyo.

Umthetho Nombutho Osemthethweni

Ukunamathela kumthetho ngumgaqo osisiseko wolawulo lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Noko ke, umthetho ukwafuna ukuba imithetho ngokwayo icace, izinze, isetyenziswe ngendlela efanayo. Isiseko semithetho yemithetho siqinisekisa ukuba ukuthobela umthetho akunyanzelekanga, ngeli xesha kuphinda kuvume ukuba eminye imisebenzi yendlela yokuziphatha isenokugqitha oko umthetho ngokungqongqo ufunayo.

Ukubaluleka Kokwenza Isigqibo Somcimbi

Ukwenza izigqibo zemigaqo-nkqubo kusisiseko sokuthembana nomthetho kawonke-wonke kunye nokubekwa ngokomthetho. Xa abemi bekholelwa ukuba amagosa enza ngokuvisisana nomgaqo kunokuba azixhase, basengozini yokuthobela imimiselo, bathathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zoluntu, kwaye baxhase amanyathelo karhulumente. Ngokuchasene noko, amahlazo kunye nokungafezeki okucingelwa ngokokuziphatha kuphelisa ukuthembana ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunokuthatha amashumi eminyaka ukwakhiwa kwakhona. Uphando olusuka kwi-OECD lubonisa ukuba amazwe anemilinganiselo ephakamileyo yoluntu ekwaziyo ukuzuza imilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuthembana nomgangatho ophezulu wobuqhetsekileyo, nto leyo ethi ingqinelana nokusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kunye nokungathotyelwa kwentlalo.

Ngaphandle kokuthembana, imigaqo yokuziphatha inciphisa ubungozi borhwaphilizo, ukuziphatha okubi, kunye netyala elisemthethweni. Inikela ukhokelo olucacileyo olunceda amagosa aphephe inkqubela engafanelekanga kwizinto afuna ukuzifumana. Kwakhona ikhuthaza impucuko entle emsebenzini apho abasebenzi baziva beneqhayiya ngenkonzo yabo yaye beshukunyiselwa ukwenza izinto ngendlela enomdla ebantwini. Kubemi, besazi ukuba izigqibo zenziwa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhuthaza ukuthengiselwa kwebutho labantu nokuzinikela ngokuzithandela, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuzonwabisa.

Amanyathelo Okwakha Umsebenzi Onempumelelo

Ukwakha inkqubo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha elungelelanisiweyo kufuneka kulungiswe inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo, yokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo. Inyathelo ngalinye kufuneka livisisane nomongo wobume obuthile borhulumente, uqwalasela ubukhulu, ulawulo, nenkcubeko ekhoyo.

Inyathelo 1: Qonda imigaqo-nkqubo engqinelanayo

Phambi kokwakha into entsha, qonda oko sele kukhoyo. Uphicotho-zincwadi lwemigaqo-nkqubo yangoku, iinkqubo, izigqibo zexesha elidlulileyo (ingakumbi eziphikiswayo), iingxelo zokukhalaza, kunye neembono zabasebenzi. Ibonisa izithuba/umzekelo, inkqubo echasene nokonakala egquma imvume kodwa engaqeshi, okanye ukungacacanga ekumkeleni ingqungquthela. Uphicotho-zincwadi lungakwane neempawu ezisetyenziswa yimiqathango efanayo okanye imigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe enjenge

Inyathelo lesi-2: Zibandakanye Kumgangatho Ongamkelekanga

Imilinganiselo yekori ayifanele ibhalwe yikomiti enye evaliweyo. Ukuganana okunempumelelo kuquka uphando, iiholo zedolophu, nokubuzana nebutho lasekuhlaleni, abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke, kunye namagosa anyuliweyo. Le ndlela yokunikela ingcebiso ikhuthaza ukuba imilinganiselo ibonise oko kulindelwe luluntu. Xa ichazwe, imilinganiselo kufuneka ikhutshelwe kumazwi amafutshane, angenakulibaleka anokukhokelela kukhetho lwemihla ngemihla.

Inyathelo Lesithathu: Hlakulela Imilinganiselo Ecacileyo Yokuziphatha

Imithetho yokuziphatha iguqula amaxabiso angabonakaliyo abe yimithetho enyanzelekileyo. Ikhowudi yehambo kufuneka igqubuthele iingxabano zenzala, izipho kunye nokubuk ’ iindwendwe, ukusetyenziswa koovimba basemthethweni, imiqathango yasemva komsebenzi, imiqathango yokufutha impempe, kunye nomlinganiselo wendlela yokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi kunye ne-Al. I-Pricies kufuneka ibhalwe ngolwimi olucacileyo, olufikelelekayo kwi-intanethi, kwaye ikhatshwa yimibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo. Uhlaziyo rhoqo luzigcina zifanelekile njengobugcisa kunye nemigaqo yezenkcubeko ezenzeka.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukuphunyezwa koqeqesho nokwakhiwa kobuchule

Uqeqesho luqhubela phambili ulwazi ekusebenzeni. Bonke abaqeshwa namagosa-magosa (ukusukela ekungeneni-phantsi ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu) kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho lwemithetho yokuziphatha enyanzelekileyo ekubetheleni enqanaweni nakunyaka emva koko. Uqeqesho kufuneka lusebenzise ufundo lwetyala, ukudlala indima, kunye nengxubusho yeengxaki zokwenene kunokuba iintetho ezomileyo. Uqeqesho kufuneka lugqubuthele indlela yokusebenzisa iziqhagamshelanisi zokuxela noko kwenzekayo xa uphazamiso luqinisekisiwe. Iinkokeli kufuneka zimisele imigaqo: xa abaphathi abaphezulu bethelela ngokubonakalayo kwikhowudi, imisela isithethe esinamandla.

Inyathelo 5: Ukumisela Ukuhlolwa, Ukunikela Ingxelo Nokunyanzelwa Komatshini

Isakhiwo esinganyanzeliswanga sisisingqinisi nje. Oorhulumente bafuna umzimba ozimeleyo . njengomphathi-mikhosi wemilinganiselo yokuziphatha okanye umhloli jikelele, ngokufumana izikhalazo, ukuphanda, kunye nokupapasha izinto ezifunyenweyo. Imijelo yokuxela ingxelo engafihliyo (ii-hotline, iifomu ze-intanethi) ikhuthaza abavuli-likhwelo ukuba bangene phambili. Ukusetyenziswa kwemikhalazo engqinisiweyo kufuneka kulungelelaniswe, kuqinisekiswe, kwaye kusetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo. Okubalulekileyo kukhusela abo banikela ingxelo ngokholo olulungileyo kwimpindezelo.

Inyathelo 6: Isithethe Sempucuko Eqhubekayo

Uhlolo lwezicwangciso azimi ngamaxesha onke. Uhlolo oluthe rhoqo, uhlolisiso lwabasebenzi abangenagama, kunye nohlolo lwenkqubo yokukhalaza lutyhila apho isiseko siphumelela okanye sihamba kancinane khona. Oorhulumente kufuneka bapapashe iingxelo zonyaka nemithetho yokuziphatha ezibalaselisa iimeko, izifundo, kunye neenguqu ezenziweyo. Amabhunga aqeqeshiweyo okanye amaqela emigaqo-siseko yabemi anokunikela ingxelo engaphandle. Injongo kukudala inkqubo yokufunda ehambelana neengxaki ezintsha.

Ukulinganisa Impumelelo Yesakhelo

Ukwazi ukuba ucwangciso lwendlela yokuziphatha luyasebenza, oorhulumente badinga izibonisi ezingaphaya kokungabikho kwamahlazo amakhulu. Amanyathelo aquke inani kunye nohlobo lwezikhalazo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ixesha elithathwayo lokuzicombulula, umlinganiselo wabaqeshwa abaye bagqiba uqeqesho, neziphumo zovavanyo lokuthembeka. Imilinganiselo equkekileyo equka amaqela ajolisekileyo namalungu oluntu, udliwano-ndlebe nabaphathi bemigaqo-siseko, kunye nohlalutyo lwezigqibo zemithetho yokuziphatha koogqeba. Ukukhokela oorhulumente nabo ngemikhondo kuthemba likawonke-wonke ngokudibanisa ezi zibondathanga zibo zomphicotho, iinkokeli ziyakwazi ukuchaza amabala abuthathaka kunye noovimba abathengisela apho zifuneka kakhulu khona.

Iingxaki Zokwakha Nokunyamekela Umsebenzi Omnandi

Ukuchasa Ukuguquka Kwezithethe

Imikhosi emiselweyo idla ngokuchasa izithethe ezintsha. Abasemagunyeni basenokujonga iinkqubo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha njengeteyipu ebomvu okanye njengecebiso lokuba ihambo yabo yangaphambili ibingekho mthethweni. Ukoyisa oku kuxhathisa kufuna ukuzinikela okubonakalayo kokhokelo oluphezulu, unxibelelwano olunomonde, kunye nokuphumelela kwasekuqaleni okubonisa ixabiso lesiseko sobume. Tshintsha iindlela zokulawula . "ezifana nokubhalisa abasebenzi abakhulu abahlonelwayo njengeentloko zemilinganiselo yemilinganiselo yesimilo"ukukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa.

Izithintelo zikavimba

Ukuphuhlisa uqeqesho, ukuseka iqumrhu lobuveleli, nokuqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi kudinga inkxaso-mali kunye nabasebenzi abanobuchule. Iindawo ezincinci okanye abo banoqingqo-mali olungqongqo basenokungangeneleli. Izisombululo zokudala ziquka ukwabelana ngeenkonzo zemigaqo yokuziphatha ngaphaya koothunywashe, izinto zokuqeqesha ezivulelekileyo, kunye nokudibanisa iimodyuli zemigaqo yemigaqo-siseko kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo zophuhliso lobugcisa. Iinkonzo zangaphandle neeyunivesithi okanye iingeniso ezingazingeneli zinganikezela ngobuchule ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Iingxaki Ezintsonkothileyo

Asiyomeko yonke elingana kakuhle nenkqubo. Amagosa karhulumente asoloko ejongene neengxaki apho amaxabiso engqubana khona ngokomzekelo, phakathi kokubonakala ngaphaya kunye nokuzimela, okanye phakathi kwenkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nesenzo esikhawulezayo kwingxaki. Isakhiwo esiqinileyo sinika inkqubo yokwenziwa kwesigqibo (umz., inyathelo elilandela inyathelo lokuhlola ngokokuziphatha) kunye nokufikelela kwimigaqo yokuziphatha enika ukhokelo oluyimfihlo.

Umahluko Nengcinezelo Kwezobupolitika

Amagosa aqatshelweyo anganyanzela abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke ukuba bathobe imithetho yenzuzo yezobupolitika. Uphahla olusebenzayo lukhusela amagosa omsebenzi ngokumisela iindima ezicacileyo nangokwenza izigqibo ezizizo ezizimeleyo zemigaqo yezobupolitika. Ukhuseleko lwezikhuseli zewotshi kunye nemijelo ekhuselekileyo yokubika ibalulekile. Xa abezobupolitika bephantsi kwemigaqo efanayo yehambo, luqinisa umgaqo wokuba akukho mntu ungaphezulu kwemithetho.

IiNombolo kunye nobuChwepheshe obujikelezayo

Njengoko ubugcisa butshintsha, imida emitsha yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ibonakala `i-data, ukwenza izigqibo ze-algorithm, uhlalutyo, nokusebenza kobuso. Imisebenzi yesakhelo kufuneka ithambe ngokwaneleyo ukuphendula le nto ngaphandle kokuphinda ibhalwe ngokuqhubekayo. Indlela yokusebenzisa imigaqo egqithisileyo (njenge-“encasavengngngty"." kunye “nobuchule kwi-AIP") kwaye ikhupha ukhokelo olukhethekileyo njengoko luyimfuneko. Ukuvavanya imiba evelayo ngemibango ephakathi kwekomiti ehamba ngolundileyo kunganceda oorhulumente bahlale phambili kwiingozi ezingokwendlela.

Uphando lwemeko lweFrames kwiProjekthi

Ukungazibopheleli KwaseNew Zealand Kwimithetho Esesikweni Yenkonzo Kawonke - Wonke

I-New Zealand ngokungaguqukiyo ibeke imigangatho phakathi kwamazwe amancinane abonakeleyo emhlabeni wonke, ngenxenye enkulu kwikhowudi yayo ebanzi yeNkonzo yeNdlela . Ikhowudi, ephuhlisiweyo ekuthetheni nabasebenzi bakawonke-wonke kunye noluntu, icwangcisa amathemba acacileyo kwingqibelelo, ukungakhethi, nokuphendula. IKhomishini yeSebe leRhulumente inika imigaqo efunekayo yokufunda iimodyuli kwaye inika inkonzo yengcebiso eliyimfihlo. Uphando oluthe rhoqo lwendlela yokukhangela ikhondo, kwaye nakuphi na ukwaphula kuyahlalutywa kwaye kuxelwa. Impumelelo yaseNew Zealand ibonisa ukuba iplanga elifanelekileyo elinolwazi olufanelekileyo lungazenza impucuko yokwako.

Ungquzulwano LwaseKhanada Lokufuna Inzala

I- yeKhadi yeNtloko imisela imithetho ebophelelayo kubaphathi beofisi zikawonke-wonke, kuquka abalungiseleli kunye namagosa amakhulu. Kufuna utyhilo oluqhubekekayo lwempahla, imisebenzi yangaphandle, kunye neengxabano ezinokwenzeka. Impikiswano ezizimeleyo zeNkqutyana kunye ne-Ethictic Commissioner inghloning, iqhuba uphando, kunye neengxelo zikawonke-wonke. Lo Mgaqo usebenza zombini ngexesha nasemva kokunyanzela kweposi, kunye nakungagunyaziswa kwemiqathango yemisebenzi. Imodeli ibonisa indlela umthetho onokuthi uqinisekise ngayo oko kulindelwe yimeko entle nolunyulukileyo.

Ulawulo Lwamanani Lwase - Estonia Nogcino - lwazi Lwezobugcisa

I-Estonia iye yafak ’ ushishino lwe-e-odoli ngexesha igcina imilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha ukwenzela ugcino-lwazi. I- iqinisekisa ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi kunye nenkqubo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ukuba iinkonzo zamanani zisebenza ngokucace gca, kunye nabemi bakwazi ukubona ukuba ngubani oye wafumana ugcino-lwazi lwakhe kwaye ngayiphi injongo. Urhulumente ukwaseke iKomiti ye-Ethics ye-IAIP kunye neseti yemigaqo yokuziphatha yokwenza izigqibo zemithetho-mthetho. Amava e-Estonia abonisa ukuba kwanenkqubo yolawulo olunenkqubela phambili yezobugcisa anokuhlala ihleli iphantsi kolawulo lwemithetho.

Indima yobuxhakaxhaka kulawulo lwezibonelelo

Njengoko oorhulumente besebenzisa iinkqubo zobuchule, zokufunda oomatshini, kunye nezigqibo ezizenzekelayo, kuvela ulwandiso olutsha lwemigaqo-nkqubo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ii-algorics ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ntle, ukuqikelela ukuba intlupheko yezobukho bentlalo-ntle, okanye uvavanyo lobungozi zingaqhubeki zinokukhuthaza ukucalucalula ukuba ziqeqeshwe nge-data ebuthathakani ebuthathakani obungachananga. Ukuba mhlophe kuba nzima xa iinkqubo zibhalwe ngokwepropritialthtary okanye zintswana kakhulu ukuchaza. Ngoko ke isiseko somthetho wemigaqo-mthetho kufuneka siquke amalungiselelo akhethekileyo obugcisa obuqhelekileyo: ukufuna iziphumo zentlalo-algoric entlalo, ukuqinisekisa ukujongwa kolawulo olubalulekileyo, nokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kobucala ngokwezinziwo zonke iingxelo zobucala ngenxa yobulungisa. Ngoku oorhulumente abaninzi bashicilela ubalo lweziko lwezinzipho lwezinzo olusebenzayo ekusetyenzisweni, kunokuba kuthintele ukukhusela nokugcina intembelo.

Ukusebenzisana Nabemi Kulawulo Lweenkokeli

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwengingqi yengingqi kuqinisa imigaqo yokuziphatha ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ibonakalisa amava aphilayo. Oorhulumente bangamisela amacandelo emilinganiselo yokuziphatha aquka abameli boluntu, baphulaphule uluntu kwimigaqo-nkqubo yemigaqo ecetyisiweyo, baze benze amajelo afikelelekayo okuchaza imicimbi yemithetho. /Izixhobo zamanani .Izixhobo ze-atnuctal .Iibhodi zemigaqo-nkqubo ye-intanethi ezibonisa ukuthotyelwa kwenkcazelo ye-data .

Isiphelo

Ukwakha isiseko sokuziphatha sokwenza isigqibo sikarhulumente asiyoprojekthi enye kodwa luzibopho oluqhubekayo lolawulo olunemigaqo. Ngokuqala ngophicotho-zincwadi olunyanisekileyo, abangenisi-mathiriyeli, benza iinkqubo ezicacileyo, ukutyala imigaqo ecacileyo, ukuqeqesha, nokudala ulawulo oluzimeleyo, oorhulumente bangahlakulela impucuko apho ukuqiqa ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kuba yeyesibini. Iingxaki //ukuxhathisa, ukuthintela, ukutshintsha kwezixhobo zezobugcisa, ukutshintsha-zokwenene, kodwa bangalawulwa ngemigaqo elungeleleneyo kunye nokufunda kwimizekelo yobuvulindlela ehlabathini lonke. Ekugqibeleni, isiseko sokuziphatha okuhle sikhusela ukuziphatha okubi; someleza ngokwaso idemokhrasi, siqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zikarhulumente zinceda umdla ngokunyaniseka, ngokubonakala, nangokulunga. Iinkokeli eziphambili zangaphambili zifumana ukuthemba okusebenzayo okunokusebenza ngoku, kwaye zifundekadelela kwisizukulwana kwixesha elizayo.