Ukukhula Kwezixeko Ezitshintsha Imozulu

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu akusesona sisongelo side; kuyinto etshintsha ubomi basezidolophini kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ukunyuka komlinganiselo wolwandle, iziganeko ezinzulu, i-itroweves ezihlala ixesha elide, kunye nokutshintsha kwesantya semvula kubeka uxinzelelo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwizakhiwo, iinkqubo zoluntu kunye nozinzo lwezoqoqosho. Ngokwe-Interbeccumental Panel on Climate Change (IPCCC), imimandla yasezidolophini zombini zinegalelo elikhulu ekufudumalaleni kwegesi eshushu kwaye zisengozini yokuchachacha kwimozulu. Le misebenzi idimayela izixeko kumgca ophambili wobunzima obuphambili kwizakhiwo kumgudu womhlaba wonke wokuziqhelanisa nokufuduka kobushushu.

Abaphathi bezixeko bame embindini walo mgudu. Baziinkokeli ezisebenzayo eziguqulela iinjongo zemozulu eziphezulu kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu. Indawo yabo ekhethekileyo . /Amagosa anyuliweyo, iingcali zobugcisa, abahlali, kunye namacandelo angawabo anika igunya kunye nembopheleleko yokuqhuba utshintsho olunenjongo. Ukwakha amadolobha anamandla akuyongxaki nje yobugcisa; kufuna ukulungelelanisa ulawulo, umbono ode, kunye namandla okulinganisela izinto eziphambili eziphikisanayo phantsi kokungaqiniseki. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indima eyandileyo yabaphathi besixeko ekuzingeni kwemozulu, ubuchule abayisebenzisayo, imiqobo abajongeneenzalo, imiqobo, kunye nemizekelo yehlabathi enconokwenyani.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuceba Kwezixeko Kufuneke Kubekho Utyando Olutsha

Ucwangciso lwezixeko zesixeko olujoliswe ekukhuleni, ekusebenzeni kakuhle, nasekuphuhlisweni kwezoqoqosho, ngokufuthi ngokuqwalaselwe kancinci kweengozi zemekobume. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu okusondelayo: kubeka ugcino-nzolo nokunciphisa umngcipheko kwisiseko ngasinye sesigqibo. Ukuguquka kubandakanya ukutshintsha kwemeko-bume, imigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenza komhlaba, imigaqo-nkqubo yokusabela kongxamiseko, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu zokunciphisa ukuchaphazeleka kwemozulu. Kwahlukile ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu. Zombini zibalulekile, kodwa ukutshintsha kungxamisekile ngakumbi kuzixeko ezisele zifumana iziphumo zemozulu etshintshayo.

Ulungiso lwendlela: Amacala amabini emali efanayo

Ngoxa ukuhlaziywa kujoliswe kwizizathu eziziingcambu zokutshintsha kwemozulu .i-carbon eziphuma kwizithuthi, amandla, kunye nemizi - mveliso . Isixeko singazinikezela ngamandla avuselelweyo kunye nooduladula bombane kwaye sisafuna iindlela ezinamandla zokuwasebenzisa amanzi kunye namaziko okupholisa (ukuwafumana). Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka baqhubele phambili zombini imiphakamo, ngokufuthi benezinto ezisikelwe phantsi. Noko ke, utshintsho lunika iingenelo ezikhawulezileyo, ezifana nomonakalo owenziwe ngombane kunye nokunciphisana kobushushu obunxulumene nokugula, nto leyo isenza kube yeyona iphambili kukhokelo lwasekuhlaleni.

Imeko Yezoqoqosho Yokuzivumelanisa Nezinto

Indleko yokungalungisi iyamangalisa. INational Institute of Building Sciences iqikelela ukuba idola ngalinye elithenjiswe ekukhuseleni iindleko zobungozi lisindisa uluntu ii-dola ezintandathu kwixesha elizayo lokuchatshazelwa kwentlekele. Izikhukula, imililo yemfazwe, kunye neenkanyamba sele zibangele amawaka ezigidi zeerandi emonakalo kwizixeko zase-U. Ngaphandle kokulahleka kwempahla, ukuphazamiseka kwemozulu kunokwenza uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni lungasebenzi, kuphazamisa ukubonelelwa kwemiqathango, kunye nokurhoxiwa kwabemi abahlala kwezinye iindawo. Abaphathi beziXeko abaxhasa ukuveliswa kokutya oku akukhusele nje kuphela kodwa kwakhona bakhusela impilo ende ende ephezulu yexesha elide ye-masivili.

Iimbopheleleko ezingundoqo zabaPhathi beziXeko ekuhlaziyweni kwemozulu

Abaphathi bezixeko banxiba iminqwazi emininzi, yaye kwimeko yokutshintsha imozulu iimbopheleleko zabo zikhula zibe ziingingqi eziliqela eziyingozi. I table ichaza iindawo ezingundoqo ekusetyenzwa kuzo:

  • [[NTLA:0] Izicwangciso zokulungisa i- Comprehensive Resilience - Ukwenziwa komephu womendo wendlela odityanisiweyo oqwalasela iiprojekthi zemozulu yobulali, uhlolo lobungozi, kunye negalelo lomfaki-lwazi. Izicwangciso mazibe zicacile, zinokulungiseka, kwaye zihlaziywe rhoqo njengoko ugcino-lwazi olutsha luvela.
  • Ukunyusa nokuqinisa ugcino-lwazi – Ukukhangela utyalo-mali kukhukuliso lwezikhukula (ii-fuleyi, izitishi zempompo, indawo zokulwa, izakhiwo eziluhlaza (iimbasa, imiyezo yemvula, uphahla oluluhlaza), kunye nee-drives ezinamandla aqinileyo. Ziquka ukuqina kwezibhedlele, izitishi zomlilo, kunye nezityalo zonyango.
  • [[NTLAWU: 0] Ukukhuthaza kunye nokufundisa uLuntu - ukuphumeza amaphulo okwazisa uluntu, amashishini okucwangcisa, kunye nokwenza izinto ezifikelelekayo ngeelwimi ezininzi. Uluntu olubandakanyekileyo lungaxhasa amanyathelo okuziqhelanisa kunye nokwamkela izenzo zomntu ngamnye ezilungiselelweyo.
  • Ukuqinisekisa iNgxowa-mali yoNyalelo yoNyalelo – iProvementsting documents (umz., i-FAMA’s Building Resical Infractive kunye nodweliso lwenkqubo ye-Hud's Community Development Block Grant – Resorce), imali yokuzinzisa, umanyano lwamacandelo obuqu, kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso-mali ezifana nezibondawana eziluhlaza okanye iityala ezizinzileyo.
  • Ukuhlanganisa Ngaphaya kweZimiko kunye namahlelo – imigudu yokulungisa imibutho yengingqi, iinkampani zezethutho, abaphathi bezothutho, abaphicothi-ngeniso, kunye nabaphandi bemfundo. Utshintsho lwemozulu luxhomekeke ekunqamlezeni kwe-jurica; inkqubo yamanzi esiphepho ayiwuhloneli imida yesixeko.
  • [[NTL: 0] Ugcino-lwazi lwemozulu olungenisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla – Usebenzisa iimodeli zemozulu, izimvo zexesha lokwenene, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa imephu yomngcipheko ukwazisa izigqibo ngokubekwa, iikhowudi zokwakha, ukusabela kongxamiseko, kunye noqingqo-mali ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe. Ulawulo logcino-lwazi luqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi lwabiwe apho zifuneka khona kakhulu.

Amalungiselelo Okwakha Imozulu Yasedolobheni

Ulungiso olunempumelelo alukho-kulungisa okulinganayo. Abaphathi bezixelo kufuneka bakhethe kwaye balungise iindlela zokuyila kwijografi yabo yasekuhlaleni, amanani, kunye nenkangeleko yomngcipheko. Noko ke, iindlela ezininzi zingqineke zisebenza ngokubanzi.

Izakhiwo Eziluhlaza Neziluhlaza

Izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yexabiso lazo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. Izibonelelo zengca eluhlaza ziquka iipaki, imiyezo yoluntu, imithi esecaleni, kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezifunxa amanzi obushushu, ukunciphisa iziphumo zesiqithi, kunye nokuphucula ubulunga bomoya. Izibonelelo eziluhlaza zibhekisela kumanzi afana namachibi, imijelo, kunye nokwakhiwa kwamaxhama alawula amanzi akhukulisekileyo xa kulungiselelwa indawo yokuzonwabisa. Izixeko ezinjengePhiladelphia, Copenhagen, neSingapore zifake kakhulu kwezo ndlela, zifumana zibiza imali eninzi kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nezinto eziqhelekileyo zokuzenzela izinto ezingwevu.

Ukurhoxa Kwesiqithi sasedolobheni

Iiheatwaves ziyingozi enkulu yemozulu kumazwe amaninzi. Abaphathi bezixeko bangasebenzisa iindlela zokupholisa ezinjengokubonakalisa (uphahla) nomgca wezakhiwo, uphahla lwemithi olunwetshiweyo, kunye namaziko okupholisa kwimimandla ebuthathaka. Umzekelo, iLos Angeles, iye yaqalisa iinkqubo ezipholileyo zenqwelo-moya kwaye yamisela amaxhoba ajongene nemozulu yemithi. IMiami-Dade County imisele umphathi oyintloko wolawulo lobushushu ukuze alungelelanise imigudu yokuzinzisa ubushushu. Ezi meko azigcini nje kuphela ubomi kodwa zinciphisa imfuno yamandla ephucula impilo kawonke-wonke.

Ulawulo lonxweme nokhukula

Kwizixeko eziselunxwemeni, ukulawula ukukhuphuka koMlambo nomgangatho wolwandle kungundoqo. Iinqanawa ezijikelezayo ziquka ukubuyiselwa kwemiqobo yendalo njengeimingxuma yemangrove kunye neenduli, ukuphakamisa izakhiwo, ukwakha udonga lwaselwandle kunye namaqhekeza, kunye nokurhoxa kweyona ndawo iphakamileyo. Igumbi laseNetherlands lenkqubo yoMlambo, enika imilambo eninzi ukuba ikhukulise, yimodeli yomhlaba wonke. I-Norfolk, iVirginia iqalisile iplani ecacileyo edibanisa imiqobo yengxolo, amanxweme aphilayo, kunye nempumfama. Abaphathi beziXwethe kufuneka banyanze ikhowudi engqongqo yokwakha kunye nokhukula oluneyo ukuze bathintele ukuphuhliswa kwemimandla eyingozi.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwelizwe Elinemozulu Nokujinga

Mhlawumbi esona sixhobo sinamandla umphathi wesixeko anaso ligunya lokusebenzisa umhlaba. Ukuhlaziya ikhowudi yokuthakatha indawo ekhuselekileyo ukunqanda okanye ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kweendawo ezikhukula umlilo, kunye nemimandla edityanisiweyo yomhlaba kungakhusela iintlekele zexesha elizayo. Ngokufanayo, kufuna isakhiwo esiluhlaza kwinkqubela-phambili entsha, ukugcina isithuba esivulekileyo sokufunxa amanzi esikhukulisiweyo, kunye nokufaka isinqumla kummandla okhuselekileyo konke konke okunciphisa ukuchaseka. Le misebenzi ifuna inkalipho kwezobupolitika, njengoko isoloko ijongene nenkcaso evela kubabhekisi phambili nabani bempahla. Kodwa ke, inzuzo ende yexesha elide ingaphaya komkhuthulo olufutshane.

Abalawuli beziXeko Abajamelana Neengxaki Ezinokubangelwa Zizinto Ezihamba Phambili

Nakuba zifuneka, abaphathi bezi zixeko bajamelana nemiqobo enzima xa bezama ukutshintsha imozulu.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Kubomi Obuza Kuqala

Uqingqo-mali oluninzi lwesixeko luncitshisiwe yimfundo, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, unyango lwempilo, kunye neenkonzo ezisisiseko. Utshintsho lwemozulu, ngelixa lunzima, ludla ngokubonwa njengotyalo lwexesha elide olukhuphisana neemfuno ezikhawulezileyo. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka bazenzele ukufumana imali, imisebenzi yokudibanisa nezinye iinzuzo (umz., uphahla oluluhlaza olunciphisa amaxabiso amandla), kunye nonxulumano olunamandla necandelo labucala kunye nemibutho engancedi nto. CT] izixeko zeC040 zeCtiesties Creaties Thereadershiption Group [[[[FLD 1:1]]] lunika ugcino kunye neenkqubo zokunxibelelana ukuze kungenelele imozulu.

Ukuchasa Kwezobupolitika Nemijikelo Yonyulo Efutshane

Amanyathelo okuzivumelanisa anokuba ngaphazamisayo: ukunyusa irhafu yeendonga ezikhukulayo, ukulinganisela inkqubela-phambili kwimimandla enomtsalane yonxweme, okanye ukumisela imilinganiselo yokwakha entsha kungaqumba abaququzeli nabaphuhlisi. Amagosa aqwalaselweyo ajongene nonyulo kwakhona rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini okanye emine asenokungakuthandi ukuxhasa iinkqubo ngexabiso eliphezulu kunye neengenelo eziziingenelo ezizii. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka bakhe imidibaniso ebanzi, banxibelelane nongxamiseko lwezoqoqosho, kunye nobuchule bokukhusela imfuno kunye nomgangatho wobomi kunokuba bakhusele intlekele.

Imiqobo yobuchule kunye nogcino-lwazi

Amadolobha amaninzi akanabo ubuchule bokuchaza iimodeli zemozulu, uhlolo lobungozi, okanye izisombululo zendalo. Oomasipala abancinane basenokuba abanazo izibonelelo ezinikezelweyo konke konke. Abaphathi bezixeko banokusebenzisana neeyunivesithi, amabhunga ocwangciso lwengingqi, kunye nemibutho efana ICILETI – Urhulumente Wendawo wokuzinzisa iimeko zobukhomfa[[[FLT: 1]]] ukuze bafumane uncedo lobugcisa kunye nokufunda koontanga.

Ukulingana Nokusesikweni Kwemeko - bume

Uluntu olufunyenwe phantsi kwengeniso kunye noluntu lwemibala luye lwagcinwa ngokwembali luzizibonelelo lwezibonelelo kwaye lusoloko lubekwe kwiingcaciso ezikhukulisekileyo, kwiziqithi ezishushu, okanye kufutshane nongcoliso loshishino. Ukuziguqula okungahoyiyo oku kungadibanisa umonakalo. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka baqhubele phambili kwimida ephantsi kwemigangatho ebuthathaka, kunye nemisebenzi yokuyila engakhokeleli ekukhuliseni okanye ekushenxisekeni.

Uhlolisiso Lokhokelo Olunempumelelo Lokutshintsha Imeko - bume

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa ukuba abaphathi besixeko banokufumana iziphumo eziphawulekayo naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima.

IRotterdam, eNetherlands: IsiXeko saseDelta Sichuma SineeManzi

IRotterdam yenye yezona zixeko zitsha ehlabathini xa kufikelelwa kulawulo lwamanzi. Esi sixeko sikwindawo esezantsi esezantsi ekwindawo esezantsi esezantsi, sixhomekeke kwi-dikes kunye neempompo. Kodwa emva kophuphumo olunzulu ngo-1990, iinkokeli zesixeko zagqiba ukutshintsha ukukhusela amanzi zize ziphile ngamanzi. Imongime Exmote Motialment Protects, esungulwe ngo-2008, iquka ukhuselo lwezikhukuliselo lwezigingqi nenkqubela-dolophu. [FLT:] [[FLD] [0] uphahla olukhulu lomphako lwepalishi (amanzi) olukhoyo (ingingqi)[FLT] oluthiweyo] oluthi luthiza amanzi ngexesha lemvula neendawo eziphindiweyo, kunye neeprojeli zemali ezisetyenziswa ngumsebenzi wamanzi, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino, kunye noncedo lwangaphambili, kunye nolwanolwazi oluthelelwa yiprojective, kunye nophuhlisomati.

IsiXeko SaseNew York, EUnited States: Ukwakha Kwakhona Ukwakha Amandla Emva KoSandy

Inkanyamba iSandy ngo-2012 yabhenca umgudu onzulu wokukhusela iManhattan ekuvuthukeni konxweme lwaseNew York. Ekuphenduleni, isixeko savelisa i- Icala elisekunxwemeni le-Foast. iprojekthi yokwakha eluhlaza, i-RCR, i-R3,45 yezigidi zewaka lenza umgudu wokukhusela iManhattan ekukhuphukeni koqhwithela nomphakamo wolwandle. Iprojekthi iquka iindonga, amasango, kunye nemingcele edityanisiweyo edityaniswe nezithuba zobundlo. Isixeko sandisa umxokelelwano waso, ikhowudi ehlazisiweyo yokwakha, kwaye savelisa i-meareding. Abaphathi be-mapport bangaphakathi kwi-Mayor Resoverseader elungele ukuququququzelelana kwemibutho yengingqi yoluntu, kunye ne-ogroooogray

IMedellín, eColombia: IGreen Corridors Eluhlaza Ipholisa IsiXeko Esishushu

IMedellín, eyayidume ngogonyamelo, yaziguqula yazitshintsha yaba yinkokeli yehlabathi ekutshintsheni imozulu yasezidolophini. Esi sixeko savelisa umnatha we-pasejini ye- .[1] Imizila eshinyeneyo, imiyezo, imiyezo, namaphahla aluhlaza-endleko e-medium, ezanciphisa iziphumo zesiqithi esishushu sasezidolophini ngo-2°C. Abaphathi bezixeko basebenza kunye nezobugcisa bendalo ukutyala iintlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo zemvula, basebenzisa izixhobo zokuphinda-phinda-phinda, kwaye bahlasela imimandla ehlweni. Iphulo le Medellín ibonisa ukuba ukuguquka kwemeko kusezantsi, kumgangatho ophezulu, ophezulu, kunye nomphakathi. Isitshixo: ukusetyenziswa kwendalo ekucombululeni iingxaki kanye, kunye ne-exneactive

Izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo zobaphathi beziXhobo

Abaphathi bezixeko akuyomfuneko ukuba baqale ukukrola. Iisakhelo ezininzi kunye namaqonga akhona ukukhawulezisa imigudu yonikezelo:

  • UN-Habitat’s City Resilience Programme yokufunxa – inikezela ngesixhobo sokuhlola esibanzi ukuvavanya nokomeleza ukuqina kwedolophu.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Izixeko ezi-100 ezinika unikezelo (ngoku inxalenye yenethwekhi yezixeko ezikhulu) – yaba ngoovulindlela iNkulumbuso yeNdlela yokuSebenza kwaye inika imfundo yoontanga.
  • EPA’s ESCM Remediation Reference Center – iAmplies conces jogies jogings , imithombo yemali, kunye nokhokelo lobugcisa oluxoxwe kwizixeko zase-U.S.
  • Iqela leZibonelelo zehlabathi le Aqueduct sixhobo – Imaphu enxulumene nomngcipheko okhoyo emhlabeni wonke kwaye inceda izenzo zokucwangcisa izinto.
  • Ulwandlekazi lwesizwe kunye nolawulo lwe-Atmospheric (NOA)) Isalathisi sonxweme sobunyani – Isixhobo esilula sokuzicingela sodwa soluntu lwaselunxwemeni.

Abaphathi bezixeko bafanele bahlakulele ulwalamano nabantu abafunda nabo kwiiyunivesithi zasekuhlaleni, abanokunikela uhlalutyo lolwazi lwesisa kunye nenkxaso yokufuzisela, kunye namaqumrhu olawulo lwemeko karhulumente nolwamagunya anikela uqeqesho neminikelo.

Ubuchule bokwakha bokuziqhelanisa nokuhamba ixesha elide

Ukuzinziswa kogcino-lwazi akusekelwanga kwixesha elinye okanye kwiprojekthi enye. Kufuna ukujongana nemozulu eshukumayo kwilaphu likarhulumente wesixeko. Abaphathi bezixeko bangathatha amanyathelo aliqela ukutshintsha indlela abajonga ngayo izinto:

  • yenza iofisi enikezelweyo okanye indawo – kwanomqhubi omnye ozinzileyo angagcina ujoliseko kunye nokuziphendulela.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umngcipheko wemozulu ehambayo kwiplani yokuphucula imo-zulu – ufuna yonke imisebenzi emikhulu ukuquka uhlolo lokuzinzisa imozulu.
  • Ulungiso lokubhala kwiplani ezibanzi kunye nekhowudi yokubeka -Yenza ugcino lweziko lube yinxalenye esisigxina yesakhiwo esisemthethweni sesixeko.
  • umanyano lokwakha namagunya engingqi – iingozi zemozulu azipheleli emideni; imigudu yamalungu isebenza kakuhle kwaye inempembelelo.
  • Ingeniso ekuqeqesheni abasebenzi - - Ukuqinisekisa abasebenzi besixeko kumaziko onke bayazi inzululwazi yemozulu nemigaqo yokuzinzisa.
  • Isikhuseli sekomiti yoluntu yokwalathisa - nika abahlali ilizwi eliqhubekayo lokuzinzisa nokuzalisekisa.

Isiphelo: Ukhokelo Olulawula Ikamva

Ucelomngeni lokwakha izixeko ezikwaziyo ukumelana neemeko zobomi lukhulu, kodwa indima yabaphathi besixeko ayikaze ibe yeyona ibalulekileyo. Abalawuli beqela leokhestra yasezidolophini abamele bavumelane nesiseko sezakhiwo, inkqubo, iimfuno zoluntu, kunye nenzululwazi yemozulu. Izixeko eziphumeleleyo ziya kuba ngabo abanabaphathi abamkela utshintsho oluqhubekayo, ukutshintsha okucwangcisiweyo, nokukhuthaza ulwalamano oluqinileyo. Uphando lweRotterdam, New York, neMedelín lungqina ukuba isenzo esiqinisekileyo sinokukhusela ubomi, someleza uqoqosholo, kwaye sidala uluntu oluninzi olunokukwazi ukumelana nobuchule.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu akulothuba lokwakha izixeko ezikhuselekileyo, eziluhlaza nangakumbi. Abaphathi bezixeko abazamayo ukumelana nale ngxaki baza kushiya ithuba lokuzimela elinceda izizukulwana ezizayo. Ixesha lokusebenza lingoku, kwaye izixhobo, ulwazi, kunye nemizekelo iyafumaneka. Iqala ngolawulo kumgangatho kamasipala, kwaye iyaqala namhlanje.