Ukuqonda Uhlolisiso Lolwazi Kwixesha Eliqhelekileyo

Mihla le, abantu bafumana ubuninzi benkcazelo evela kwiindawo zokudlulisa iindaba, kwimithombo yezentlalo, kumajelo ooncwadi, nakwiiwebhusayithi zezemfundo. Umqulu ophezulu wenza kube nzima ukwahlukanisa izinto ezinokuthenjwa nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo. Uhlolisiso lolwazi yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuhlola ukuchana, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkcazelo ngaphambi kokuba bayisebenzise ukuze benze isigqibo. Obu buchule buyimfuneko kubafundi ababhala amaphephandaba ophando, oogqirha abahlalutyileyo, kunye nabemi abachola kwiinkqubo zikawonke-wonke. Ngaphandle kokuhlola ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, abantu basengozini yokusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi oluphosakeleyo, ukusasazazisa ubuxoki, okanye ukulahleka kolwazi oluchaphazekileyo olunobumba iziphumo ezingcono.

Ukwanda kobuchule bokuyila imfuno buye baludibanisa ucelomngeni. Umxholo oveliswe yi-Al ungabonakala weyisela kodwa unamaqhinga achuliweyo okanye asetyenziswa ngokungqalileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlolisisa ulwazi ngoku akufuni nje ukucingela nje kuphela kodwa kubandakanya uphando ngendlela izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezivelisa ngayo kwaye zigqwethe ngayo ulwazi. Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuhlola okuqinileyo akuseyomfuneko ngokuzikhethela.

Imida Engundoqo Yolwazi Olukhuphayo

Uvavanyo lweCRAAP: Isalathisi esikhawulezayo

Enye yezona zicwangciso zamkelekileyo ngokubanzi zokuvavanya ulwazi luvavanyo lwe-CRAAP, olwaveliswa ngabameli belayibrari kwiYunivesithi ye-California, eChico. CRAAP imela iLion, Relevance, iGunyaziso, inyani, kunye nenjongo.

  • I-Curbency: lwapapashwa nini ulwazi? Ingaba luhlaziyiwe okanye luhlaziywe? Ingaba umxholo ofuna ugcino-lwazi lwangoku (umz., unyango, ubugcisa) okanye ngaba okuqulethweyo okudala kusenaxabiso (umz., uhlalutyo lwembali)?
  • I- I-Irevise: Ingaba ulwazi luwuphendula ngqo umbuzo wakho okanye imfuno yakho? Ngubani obekiweyo ukuba abekho ngabaphulaphuli, iingcali, okanye iqela lendawo ephezulu? Ingaba umgangatho wenkcukacha ufanelekile kwinjongo yakho?
  • Ubungangamsha: Ngubani umbhali okanye umvakalisi? Ziziphi ii-credits okanye advess? Ingaba umvakalisi uneduso kwingingqi? Kwimithombo yengingqi? "`.edu`, `.gov`, ne`.org`isoloko ibonisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kuno``.com` or `.'
  • Uphando lwantlandlolo. Jonga upelo, igrama, kunye neempazamo, ezinokuthi zinike umqondiso womhleli we sloppy.
  • [[NTLA:0] Purpose: Kutheni le nkcazelo ikhona? Ingaba kukuxelela, ukuphembelela, ukuthomalalisa, okanye ukuthengisa? Uyakwazi ukuva naluphi na ucalucalulo(imeko yehlabathi, yezorhwebo, okanye yemiqathango? Injongo ayifuni ukuba yinxalenye epheleleyo yobundilele, kodwa injongo kufuneka ibe yeyona ikhanya.

Ngaphaya kwelaphu: Imilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo

Ngelixesha uvavanyo lweCRAAP luluncedo kwisiqalo, abahloli abanamava baqwalasela le milinganiso ilandelayo:

  • Ubunzulu nobunzulu: Ingaba umthombo ugquma umxholo ngokubanzi okanye kuphela unikela imbono emxinwa? Amanqaku aphezulu anokushiya ubungqina obuphikisanayo.
  • Ukufumaneka: Ingaba ulwazi lungatshintsha? Kwizinto ezijika ngokukhawuleza njengesifo se-COVID-19, ukhokelo oludala lungaphelelwa lixesha. Ngokuhlukileyo, imigaqo emiselweyo yenzululwazi inqabile ukutshintsha.
  • Izifundo zenkqubo yophando, ukuhlolisisa indlela eyaqokelelwa ngayo idata, ubungakanani obuyisampuli, nokuba uphando luye lwabonwa ngoontanga kusini na. Inzululwazi yendlela yokwalathisa ingenza iziphumo ezinokufezeka.
  • Ubalo: Imvelaphi enye kufuneka inqandwe ukuthenjwa. Fumana ubuncinane imithombo emibini ezimeleyo eqinisekisa into enye. IDispancies ifuna uphando oluqhubekayo.

Izixhobo Ezisebenzisekayo Zokukhupha Ulwazi

Uludwe olubanzi lwezixhobo zamanani ngoku luncedisa ngokukhangela inyani, imvelaphi eqinisekileyo, kunye nokufumana uhlalutyo. Ngezantsi zezinye zeendidi ezinamandla, nganye inemizekelo ethile.

Iwebhsayithi neDatabase ezibhaqiweyo zenyaniso

Imibutho ejolise kwinyaniso ejolise ekuyihloleni ngokucwangcisiweyo iphanda izinto ezithethwa ngabezobupolitika, kwimimandla yezentlalo-ntle, nakumanqaku eendaba. Izigqibo zayo zidla ngokuchazwa njengenyaniso, inkohliso, ilahlekisa, okanye engaphikiswanga. Iinkonzo ezingenakubonwa ziquka:

Isiseko sogcino-lwazi nophando

Kulwazi olungqongqo, oolindixesha abajoliswe koontanga bahlala bengumgangatho wegolide. I-Access kwezi siseko zogcino-lwazi isoloko ifumaneka kumathala eencwadi aseyunivesithi, kodwa abaninzi banikela unikezelo olulinganiselweyo kuwonke-wonke:

  • Umphengululi weGoogle: Injini yophendlo yamahala esalatha uncwadi lobuchule ngaphaya kwemiyalelo. Inikezela amanani okunika unikezelo kunye noqhagamshelwano kwiinguqulelo zombhalo opheleleyo.
  • [[NTL:0][FLT] Ithala lamanani elinamawaka oolindi bemfundo, iincwadi, kunye nemithombo eyintloko. Amanqaku amaninzi asemva kodonga oluhlawulwayo, kodwa abaphandi bakuqala bangafaka isicelo sokufikelela ngokukhululekileyo.
  • [[NTL:0][FLT] [ Isiseko sogcino-lwazi sokuqala soncwadi lwebhayoloji, esigcinwe yiNational Library of Medicine yase-U.S. iquka imicaphulo engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-35.
  • I-CJLT ye-Open Access Journals (DOAJ): Yincwadi encanyathiselweyo yoluntu echaza umgangatho ophezulu, ii-acces, oolindixesha abajongiwe ngoontanga. Iluncedo ekufumaneni uphando olufumanekayo ngokukhululekileyo.

Ulawulo lobhekiso kunye neZixhobo zokuCwangcisa

Ukucwangcisa imithombo akucebisi nje kuphela ukubonelela, kodwa kukwaxhasa uvavanyo ngokwenza kube lula ukukhangela isiqinisekiso nokuhlola ucaphulo:

  • [FLT] Zotero: Isixhobo esikhululekileyo, esivulekileyo sovimba esiqokelela, esiqokelela, esicwangcisayo, kwaye sicaphula imithombo yophando. Ingakhupha ngokuzenzekelayo imetadata kumaphepha e web kwaye ikhuphe iibhubhiliyography kwintlobo ezininzi.
  • Menudeley: idibanisa abaphathi bobhekiso kunye nenethwekhi yentlalo yabaphandi. Inika i PDF uphawulo kunye nogcino lwamafu.
  • Isiphelo seNote: Isixhobo esihambele phambili (umbhalo ofunekayo) esithandwa ziingcali kwimisebenzi yeskwele esikhulu. Inkxaso yentsebenziswano kunye nokudityaniswa nesiseko sedata.

Izihlomelo zesikhangeli sovavanyo lwexesha lokwenene

Uhlolo lwamvanje olufakwe ngqo kumava okukhangela, lungaphelelwa yimithombo engathembekanga phambi kokuba ufunde ngokunzulu:

  • [FLT]NewsGuard: Isantya se-website zeendaba ezinamanani aluhlaza/ obomvu asekelwe kwimilinganiselo yesithoba somcholacholi-ndaba. Ikhona njengesongezelelo somkhangeli zincwadi neseblog.
  • [FLT] Ikhankanyo le-media Bias/ Fact ikhankanyo Inika ireyithingi zocalulo (ekhohlo, umbindi, ekunene, nengxelo yenyani. Isandiso sibonisa umlinganiselo olandelayo ukuphendla kunye noqhagamshelwano lwezi zixhobo.
  • [[FLT: 0] IDiffifo Dishboard: A Chromendis ezivala ngaphaya- ukhangelo lwentsingiselo kwi Twitter (ngoku X) kunye namanye amaqonga.
  • B.Umfumani: Ususiwe kodwa usasebenza kwabanye abasebenzisi (*) uyakwazi ukukhangela inxuwa elaziwa ngokupapasha iindaba ezilahlekisayo okanye zenkohliso.

Ubuchule bohlolo olubalulekileyo

Ukubuza Imibuzo Efanelekileyo

Izixhobo zisebenza njengendlela yokusebenza kwengqondo. Zifakele ekuzilungiseni xa udibana nenkcazelo entsha:

  • Ngubani othethayo? Yazi umbhali, umbutho, okanye iqumrhu elingemva kolwazi. Kwanemithombo engaziwayo ingasemthethweni ukuba ikhuselwe ngenxa yezizathu ezisebenzayo/kokungafumani kukhanya kufuna uphengululo olungaphaya.
  • Kutheni besabelana ngalento? Imisela intshukumisa. Ingaba kukufundisa, ukukhuthaza imveliso, uluvo lukawonke-wonke oluphembelelayo, okanye ukuvelisa ingeniso ngokucofa? Intengiselwano okanye iintshukumisa zezobupolitika aziyonzeki ukuba imenze angawufumani ngokuzenzekelayo umthombo, kodwa zinyusa imfuneko yoqinisekiso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Buyintoni ubungqina? Jonga ugcino-lwazi oluthile, ucatshulo, okanye iimbekiselo. I-Vague ithetha “njengomboniso” ngaphandle kokubiza ufundo ziiflegi ezibomvu. Uxanduva okanye iinkcukacha ezaneleyo ukufumana uphando lwantlandlolo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Oku kudibana njani noko sele ndikwazi? Lumka ukuchasa ingqondo. Ulwazi oluhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo neenkolelo zakho ezikhoyo lungafumana uhlalutyo oluncinci/imeko eyaziwayo njengenkxaso. khangela ngokuphandle iimbono eziphikisanayo ukuvavanya iingcamango zakho.

Ukuqukunjelwa Kwamacala Okuwela Nokufundwa

Abakhangeli benyaniso abagwebi imvelaphi ngokuyihlola ngokuzikhetha. Endaweni yoko, bavula oo-tab abatsha ukuze bajonge oko kuthethwa ngabanye oovimba malunga nomxholo ofanayo ./ubu buchule bubizwa ngokuba bukufunda okulandelelanayo. Umzekelo, phambi kokuthemba amanani asuka kwi blog, khangela loo nani kwisiseko seendaba okanye kwingxelo karhulumente edumileyo. Ukuba imithombo emininzi enegunya iyavumelana, uqinisekiso luyakhula. Ukuba bayaphikisana okanye bayalibetha ityala, umthombo wokuqala usenokuba awunakuthenjwa.

Ukuqonda Iindlela Zokuqeqesha

Kwanabona bahloli boqeqesho banokuchanabeka kwingqiqo egqwethekileyo. Ukuzazi ezi mpawu zinganciphisa iziphumo zazo:

  • Isiqinisekiso se Bias: Utyekelo lokuxhasa ulwazi oluqinisekisa iinkolelo ezandulelayo. Lwelela oku ngokufunda ngabom imithombo kwiimbono eziphikisanayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Aurial Heurical: ithatha ngaphezulu ukuxabiseka kolwazi olukhoyo okanye olucacileyo ngokweemvakalelo. Jonga ukuba intelekelelo yesandi imele okanye ingaphezulu.
  • Uphando: Uxhomekeka kakhulu kwiceba lokuqala lolwazi olukhoyo. Lunganisa iincam ezininzi zedata phambi kokuba wenze isiphumo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Isiphumo sokutshintsha-tshintsha iziphumo: Ukuzithemba ngokugqithiseleyo kubuchule bomntu bokuvavanya ulwazi. Ukuthobeka/ukuvuma oko ungakwaziyo, yindlela yokukhusela ukugqibela ngokungxama.

Ulwazi olushicilelweyo lwamanani

Ngelixesha imigangatho engundoqo isebenza kuzo zombini, ulwazi lwamanani luveza ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo: ukulula kokuhlela amaphepha eweb, ukwanda kokuqulethwe ngumsebenzisi owenziweyo, kunye nokwanda kwendlela yobume bengingqi yezonxibelelwano. Kwimithombo yengingqi ye-intanethi, khangela ukuba inxuwa lisebenzisa i-HTTPS (ukufihla), nokuba kukho icebo elicacileyo “Ngokuphathekayo iphepha, kwaye ukuba inqaku liquka umhla wencwadi. iinguqulelo ezigciniweyo (indlela esetyenziswayo) zinganceda ukuqinisekisa oko iphepha likhangeleka ngako kumhla wangaphambili, okuluncedo ekudweliseni ukuguqula intsingiselo yenqaku. Izinto ezishicilelweyo, ingakumbi ezo zishicilelwe ngabavakalisi, i-Astgen iqwalasela, kodwa zishicilela iincwadi ezizishicilelayo.

Uhlolo lolwazi lokufundisa

Uvavanyo olufudusayo

Oothisha bakwindawo yokuqala yophuhliso lobuchule bovavanyo obubalulekileyo. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zingqineke zisebenza ukutyhubela amaqondo omgangatho webanga eliphantsi nemixholo:

  • ICurricuum ePhambili: inkcazo yemiqathango kusephambili (umz., amanqaku aphantsi alula) kwaye iphinde iphinde iphinde ibe nobunkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kwisikolo samabanga aphakathi, kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, nakwikholeji.
  • Izifundo ze Misformation: Uhlalutyo lwemizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene yenkohliso, iindaba zenkohliso, okanye amarhe eentsholongwane. Yenza abafundi balandele imvelaphi, bavavanye intengo, kwaye babhale ubungqina obuyikhutshileyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukudlala- Isandi: Cela abafundi ukuba bazenze ngathi bangabacholacholi okanye abaphandi. Banike umxholo odida impikiswano kwaye bafuna ukuba bafumane imithombo emithathu ethembekileyo eneembono ezahlukeneyo, baphinde bakhusele ukhetho lwabo lomthombo kwiklasi.
  • Iprojekthi zeDigital Literable Projects: Yabele abafundi ukwenza i website okanye iphulo lezentlalo-ntle lophando, kubanyanzelisa ukuba bavavanye ulwazi abalusebenzisayo kwaye bacaphule imithombo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukusebenzisa Ubuxhakaxhaka Kwigumbi Leklasi

Ubugcisa bunokuphucula yaye buthintele ubuchule bokuhlola. Kunokuba bavimbele iifowuni okanye iiwebhsayithi ezithile, abahlohli banokufundisa abafundi ukuba bazisebenzise ngokungqongqo:

  • Isongezo sendlela yodidi: Faka i state eendaba okanye iMedia Bias/Fact Ikhangela kwiikhompyutha zeklasi. Bonisa abafundi indlela yokuchaza ireyithi ngexesha lophando.
  • [[NTL:0] Uhlalutyo oluqulethwe yi-Media: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezichanekileyo kwiqonga njengendawo yokukhangela ka-Twitter okanye kaFacebook's “Kutheni ndibona oku?" uphawu lokuvavanya ubalo lwe-algoric.
  • Imidlalo yeendaba e-Fake: Iimfaniso ezisebenzayo ezinjenge- “Indaba Embi” (evezwe yiCambridge Social Debugn-Igame-Lab) yenza abafundi bafumane amava okuyila iimposiso, ezibanceda baqonde iindlela zayo.
  • [[Unikezelo:0] Izixhobo zokwenza icebo: njenge Easybib okanye i KnightCite inganceda ufomati wabafundi, kodwa kufuneka aqhelise ukuqinisekisa ngokubhaliweyo iinkcukacha zemvelaphi.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kuhlolo lolwazi

Maxa wambi kwaneingcali ezinamava ziwela kwiziphako. Ukuqonda le migibe kuyayiqinisa indlela ohlola ngayo:

  • [[FLT: 0] Ukuxhomekeka ngokugqithileyo kwiGunya elinye: kuba nje umthombo une-PD okanye usebenzela iprojekthi edumileyo awenzi anganyaniseki. Kwaneengcali zingaphosakele okanye zibe nekhethe. Ukukhangela phakathi kwimfuno yazo nabanye abasemasimini.
  • Ukuchaza iCorrection njenge Causation: Uphando oluninzi luchaza ukungqubana okuthi ngoko intatheli zijike njengolwalamano oluphakathi. Umzekelo, uphando lungafumanisa ukuba abantu abasela ikofu baphila ixesha elide, kodwa oko kungenxa yokuba abasela ikofu badla ngokuba nobomi obusempilweni.
  • Ukungavumelani noMthombo weNgxowa-mali: Uphando oluxhaswe ngumbutho lungavelisa iziphumo ezintle kwinkampani. Jonga iinkxwaleko zenkxwaleko zenkcazo ze uqwalasele ukuba umthombo wemali ungaphembelela kusini na oko kufunyanisweyo.
  • Ukudibanisa uNcubeko nokuvunyela: Inqaku elabelwe ngokubanzi kwi media alonyani. Umxholo wezibonelelo usoloko uchukumisa iimvakalelo kunokuba ube bubungqina. Udumo lumlinganiselo wokufikelela, awuthembekanga.
  • Ukungqubanisa imigca ye Nqakrazo: imixholo yentloko yoluvo yenzelwe ukufumana unqakrazo, hayi ukwazisa. Funda ugqithe umxholo ophambili kwisiqu senqaku----"ukuba ukhupha kwidinga, qhubeka uqwalasela; ukuba akunjalo, awupheli.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Umkhwa Wokuzihlola Okubalulekileyo

Uvavanyo lolwazi asilobuchule obunye kodwa ngumsebenzi ohlala ixesha elide omele ulungelelanise nobume bezixhobo zobugcisa ezijikelezayo. Izixhobo kunye namaqhinga achazwe kweli nqaku anika isiseko esiqinileyo, kodwa asebenza kuphela xa esetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo. Yenza umkhwa wokunqumama phambi kokwabelana ngolwazi, ingakumbi ukuba lubangela ukusabela ngamandla kwemvakalelo. Sebenzisa uvavanyo lweCRAAP, sebenzisa uvavanyo lwento engundoqo, funda kamva, kwaye uhlale usazi ikhethe lakho. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zinto ziba yindalo yesibini, nto ekwenza ukwazi ukujika indlela yolwazi ngentembelo kwaye wenze izigqibo ezisekelwe kubungqina obuthembekileyo. Kwihlabathi apho intle esasaze ngokukhawuleza kunanini nanini na ngaphambili, uyakwazi ukuzuza ezona zinto eziluncedo kubomi bakho.