Ukuqonda Ukungalingani Kwezoqoqosho

Ukwahlulwa okungalinganiyo kwengeniso nobutyebi kubemi, kuye kwaba ngomnye wemiqathango echazayo yenkqubo yenkulungwane yama-21. Kuqoqosho oluhambele phambili, ukwabelana ngengeniso yesizwe enyuka ukuya phezulu kwi-1% kunyuke kakhulu ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1980, ngoxa imivuzo yeklasi ephakathi ithe yangena ngokwenene. Oku kubangela ukungqubana kwentlalo-ntle, kunciphisa iimfuno zedemokhrasi, kwaye kunciphisa iimfuno zedemokhrasi. Abenzi benkqubo bamazwe bajongene nomiselo oluntluntlukwano, njengoko yonke imiqathango yemida yemida yemida ithwala iindleko zayo ezincinane neziphumo ezingathandekiyo.

Ukungalingani asiloqela nje elinye kodwa lilonke elilinganayo. Ukungalingani kwemali okulinganayo kulinganiswa kwengeniso evela kumsebenzi nakwikomkhulu. Ukungalingani kobutyebi kuthatha ingeniso yempahla(impahla, intsebenziswano, imali egciniweyo). Ukungalingani kweentsapho. Ngokufuthi kunzima ukukuchaza indlela oothunywashe abafana nemvelaphi yabazali kunye nomgangatho wokufikelela kwimfundo ephezulu, imisebenzi, kunye neengingqi zokusebenza. Inkqubo enciphisa uhlobo olunye lokungalingani kobugxwayiba bungasayi kuba nempembelelo kwenye, okanye isenokude iyenze ibe mbi ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ukunyusa irhafuthelo kwingeniso yemali kunciphisa ubutyebi kodwa kulula ukuphucula ufikelelo oluphezulu lwemfundo kubafundi abafumana imali ephantsi. Ukuqaphela oku kugxeka ukuyila, ukungenelela okusebenzayo.

Imeko-bume yomhlaba wonke. Ukususela ngowama-2000, ukuvela kwezoqoqosho ezifana neTshayina neIndiya kuye kwabona ukwanda okukhawulezileyo okuye kwanyusa amakhulu ezigidi kubuhlwempu obupheleleyo, kwananjengoko ukungalingani kwabantu kwandayo. Ukungalingani okuphakathi komhlaba wonke kuwo onke amazwe kuye kwancipha, kodwa oku kungalingani okukhoyo kwimimandla emininzi. Oku kuphikisana kuthetha ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe kufuneka icombulule imilinganiselo epheleleyo yokuphila kunye nokungabi nakuneliseka okuthelekelelwayo, okusoloko kubangela ukunganeliseki kwezobupolitika.

Ibhokisi yesixhobo somgaqo-nkqubo: Umatshini wokwabelana ngeSithuthi

Oorhulumente baneseti yezixhobo eziphelayo zokuphembelela iziphumo zezoqoqosho. Ezi zixhobo zingahlanganiswa zibe ziindidi ezintathu ezibanzi: inkqubo yolawulo, inkqubo yolawulo, kunye nenkqubo yotyalo-mali.

Inkqubo ye-Fiscal ibandakanya irhafu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente. Iirhafu ezithe rhoqo zengeniso, iirhafu zefama, kunye nerhafu yequmrhu zinyusa ingeniso evela kwabo banamandla amakhulu okuhlawula. Kwicala lokuhlawula, ukuthunyelwa kwemali, iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, kunye neeprojekthi zezenkcitho, zingayisusa ilahleko phantsi. Inkqubo yolawulo imisela imithetho yokuthengisa ingeniso: imivuzo encinane, ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yokunyanzelisa intlawulo, kunye nomthetho wemali olawula ingeniso kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho.

Ubugcisa bokwenza inkqubo buxhomekeke ekulungiseni ezi zixhobo ukwenzela ukuba inzuzo ekunikezelweni ingaphazanyiswa yilahleko kwi-dynamism. Inkqubo yerhafu ethatha izabelo ezinkulu kakhulu zemali efunyenweyo ingadinisa ulwahlulo. Imali ehlawulwayo ephezulu kakhulu inganciphisa umsebenzi wabasebenzi abaphantsi. Inkqubo yemfundo ejoliswe phantsi ingachitha ubuncwane ngaphandle kokuphucula iziphumo. Le nkqubo yerhafu ayichananga; ibonakala kuqoqosho lokwenene ngeziphumo zokwenene. Uphando lwakutshanje lusuka kwiNgxoxo ye-Monetic Fund [ ye-International Monetic Fund igxininisa ukuba inkqubo elungeleyo ixhomekeke kumgangatho welizwe ngalinye kunye nomgangatho okhoyo wobuhlwempuzekileyo.

Ukuhlawulwa Kwerhafu Okuqhubekayo: Ingeniso, Iintshumayelo, Neempendulo Zendlela Yokuziphatha

Irhafu eqhubekekayo .a apho irhafu inyuka ngengeniso okanye ngobutyebi − sisixhobo esithe ngqo sokunciphisa ukungalingani kwerhafu. amazwe afana neKhanada kunye namazwe amaninzi aseNordic asebenzisa iinkqubo zerhafu zengeniso ezininzi kunye nerhafu efakelwe ixabiso kunye nerhafu yequmrhu ukuze kuxhaswe iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Ingeniso ephakanyisweyo isetyenziselwa ukudlulisela ingeniso kunye nempahla kawonke wonke ezinceda ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto iintsapho ezifumana imali.

Urhwebo lokuqala lukugqwetha imilinganiselo yezoqoqosho. Umgangatho ophezulu werhafu ophezulu unganciphisa intshukumisa kubarhwebi, abalawuli, kunye noochwepheshe abaphezulu abaqeqeshiweyo ukuba basebenze iiyure ezongezelelekileyo, bafake imali kwimisebenzi emitsha, okanye bahlale kwilizwe. Uphando olusuka kwi [ Isebe Lesizwe Lophando Lwezoqoqosho lucebisa ukuba ukungenelwa kwabahlawuli berhafu ziinguqu zerhafu, -- nto leyo iingcali zezoqoqosho eziyibiza ngokuba "imali ehlawulwa yirhafuthensio" kumacala amaninzi. Kwezinye iimeko, irhafuthelo ikhokelela ekuphepheni irhafu okanye ekuncipheni kwenene kweziphumo zemveliso. Abarpoli-omiclitivel

Enye inkcitho yimeko yerhafu. Ukunikezelwa kwerhafu yengeniso yenkampani ekugqibeleni kungathwalwa ngabasebenzi abanohlobo lomvuzo ophantsi, okanye ngabathengi abakwimo yexabiso eliphezulu, kunokuba bathathi-nxaxheba. Ngokufanayo, irhafu yempahla inganciphisa intshukumisa yabanini-ndlu ukuba bagcine izindlu zokuqesha, ezichaphazela ukunikezelwa kwemibutho engakwaziyo ukuhlawula imali. Ukuyila inkqubo yerhafu ehamba phambili nesebenzayo kufuna ingqalelo enonophelayo kumntu ohlawula irhafu, hayi nje obeke ityala elisemthethweni. Izicelo zakutshanje zerhafu yobutyebi, njengoko zisetyenziswa eSwitzerland kwaye ziqwalaselwa nakwamanye amazwe, ngenjongo yokuhlawula irhafu yempahla ngqo, kodwa kuphakamisa imingeni ephambili enxulumene nokuxabisa nokusela urhwebo.

Iinkqubo Zentlalo: Iindleko Zokudlulisela Imali, Iingenelo Nezixhokonxiso Zomsebenzi

Iinkqubo zentlalo-ntle yentlalo zingumatshini ophambili wokukhuthaza ubuncwane kwizindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi. Ezi ziquka ukuthunyelwa kwemali ngemiqathango (isetyenziselwa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha efana nokuya esikolweni), ingeniso esisiseko, uncedo lokutya, ii-arhente zezindlu, kunye ne-inshorensi yempilo kawonke-wonke. Amazwe aneminatha ekhuselekileyo entlalo, njengeemeko zamaNordic, atyekele ekumgangatho ophantsi wobuhlwempu kunye nokuhamba-hamba okuninzi.

Isitshixo sorhwebo sibandakanya izikhuthazo zomsebenzi. Iinzuzo zobubele zinganciphisa inzuzo esezantsi emsebenzini, ezinokubangela ukuba uthotho lwenxaxheba. Olu lugibe oluqhelekileyo "lwesibini esinentlupheko." Ucelomngeni kukuyila iinkqubo ezinika inkxaso eyaneleyo ngexesha logcino lwezi njongo zokusebenza. Kwiinzuzo zomsebenzi, ezifana neInhowated Taxs Reckers eUnited States, idilesi yoku ngongezelelo lwemivuzo ukuze umsebenzi uhlawule ngaphezu kokungasebenzi. Ubungqina obuvela ku- bubonisa ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo zinganciphisa ubuhlwempu nokwanda kokusebenza okuphakathi koomama abangatshanga.

Iindleko zolawulo kunye neempazamo ezijolise kwimiba eyongezelelekileyo. Iinkqubo ezifuna uqinisekiso olubanzi lobunyani zingabiza ukuqhuba kwaye zingabakhupha abo bafuna uncedo oluninzi. Iinkqubo zendalo-wonke, ngeli xesha zilula ukunikezela, zibiza kakhulu kwaye zingadinwa zingakwazi ukuchitha ezinye iimpahla zikawonke wonke. Uyilo olubalaseleyo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezikhethwa ngabantu ukwenzela ukuphumelela kokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kunye namandla abo kunikezelo lweenkonzo ngokunempumelelo. Utshintsho oluya kuncedo lwezintsebenziso-manani, lunika amathuba okunciphisa ukhukulisela ukhuhleko lwezolawulo kodwa lunyusa ubuqu kunye noxanduva lweentsapho ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-intanethi.

Ubuncinci bemali: Boota iingeniso zemali vs. Ugcinelo lwemisebenzi

Imithetho encinane yemivuzo ehlawulwayo ibeka umgangatho kwimbuyekezo abaqeshi abamele bayihlawule ngeyure. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wexesha elipheleleyo unika umgangatho wokuphila ngaphezu komgca wobuhlwempu. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi ingeniso ephezulu inciphisa ukungalingani kwengeniso ephezulu efunyanwayo kumazantsi onikezelo kwaye yandisa amandla athelekisayo abasebenzi abaphantsi. Abachasi balumkisa ukuba umgangatho ophezulu owenziweyo oza kubangela abaqeshi ukuba baqeshi abaqeshi abambalwa, ukunciphisa amathuba emisebenzi kubantu ababulawa ngokuncinane.

Uncwadi oluneziphumo ezincinane zomvuzo luye lwatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Uphando lwangaphambili, olusekelwe kuthelekiso olulula kumajelo, lusoloko lufumana iziphumo ezingalunganga emsebenzini. Uphando lwakutshanje, ukusebenzisa iindlela zomjikelo, luvelise iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo. Isiphumo semeta-lysissis sixhomekeke kwimeko yezorhwebo [ I-Economic Policy Institute [[[FLL: 1]] icebisa ukuba unyuko oluphakathi alukhokezeli kwilahleko yomsebenzi ebalulekileyo, kodwa ulwando olukhawulezileyo lungacutha iiyure okanye ukuqesha. Isiphumo sibonakala sixhomekeke kwiimeko zorhwebo zoshishino, ubukho bamandla ombane phakathi kwabaqeshi beqela, kunye noyilo lwenkqubo (umzekelo, ukuba luyiprojelo-odmist).

Ukurhweba akuyomisebenzi nje echasene nemivuzo. Amaxabiso aphezulu anokukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso abathengi, ukucuthwa kwengeniso kubaphathi beshishini, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-odola yesibini kubuchule. Le mpembelelo yesibini isenokuchaphazela amashishini amancinane, anokungabi nabuyiselo-bhetyebhetye bokufunxa amaxabiso aphezulu. Abenzi bemithetho-mthetho kufuneka baqwalasele uludwe olupheleleyo lwendlela yokuziphatha, hayi impembelelo engqalileyo kumanani emisebenzi. Amanye amaqela emithetho anokudibanisa unyuko oluncinane lwerhafuzo zityala ngerhafu yerhafu yamashishini amancinane ukuhlisa iziphumo eziyingozi.

Urhwebo lwexesha elide: Imfundo, Ubuchule, kunye nokuthotywa kwengxwabangxwaba

Inkqubo yemfundo idla ngokuchazwa njengesona sixhobo sisebenzayo sokunciphisa ukungalingani. Ngokuxhobisa abantu ngobuchule obufunekayo kwimisebenzi ephezulu, imfundo ingawaphula umjikelo wobuhlwempu obuphakathi kwenzala yobuhlwempu. Noko ke, ulwalamano phakathi kwemali yemfundo nokulingana. Iingenelo zixhomekeke kwindlela eyabelwe ngayo, ubunjani bokufundisa, nobungakanani obufikelela kubo inkqubo kubafundi abasweleyo.

Imfundo Yasebuntwaneni: Ukubuya Kakhulu, Iindleko Ezininzi

Ungeniso kwimfundo yabantwana bamandulo (ECE) luboniswe ukuba luvelisa iimbuyiselo eziphezulu, ingakumbi kubantwana abasuka kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi. Iinkqubo ezifana neprojekthi yePerry Preselgiech kunye neprojekthi ye-Abediarian Project zavelisa ingeniso eninzi kwinkqubela phambili yolwazi, ukuphumelela kwemfundo, kunye nengeniso yabantu abadala, kunye nezingalo eziluncedo eziphezulu malunga nesi-7 kwisi-1. Ezi ziphumo zibangele oorhulumente abaninzi ukuba bandise ubalo lwangaphambi komsebenzi wobuzaliso.

Ingxaki engundoqo yindleko. Umgangatho ophezulu we-ECE ufuna abafundisi-mfundo abaqeqeshiweyo, umlinganiselo wabantwana abafikelela kwiqela elisezantsi, kunye nezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo. Iinkqubo zendalo zifuna inkcitho kawonke-wonke. Kwanenkqubo zolwakhiwo zijongene nocelomngeni lokufikelela ezona ntsapho zibuthathaka, ezisenokuba zinolwazi olulinganiselweyo lweenkonzo ezikhoyo okanye imiqobo enzima. Uqoqosho lwezemfundo yemali luxakekiswa ngakumbi ngokhuphiswano oluphambili, olunjengolawulo lwezempilo kunye nezisemgangathweni. Amanye amazwe, anjengeFransi, aye afumana ubuchule obupheleleyo bokufumana ingxubeko ngokuzinikela kwezobupolitika okuzinziwayo, ebonisa ukuba umqobo wemali unakho ukufezeka ngokucwangcwa kwangabomcineno.

Imfundo Ephakamileyo: Ukufikelela, Ukugqiba, Netyala

Imfundo yasekholeji iseyenye yezona zinto ziphambili ezibonisa ukuba kuza kubakho umvuzo wokuphila konke, kodwa unxulumano phakathi kwemali echithwayo kunye nokulingana luxhomekeke ekufikeleleni nasekugqityweni. Kumazwe amaninzi, imali kawonke-wonke yokuxhasa imfundo ephezulu iye yancipha, itshintshela kwiindleko zabafundi ngendlela yokufumana ingeniso. Oku kuye kwandisa umthwalo wetyala lemali-mali ebolekisiweyo yabafundi yaye kusenokuthintela abafundi abafumana imali ephantsi ekubhaliseni okanye ekugqibeni amaqondo abo.

Imithetho efana nemali enikwa ingeniso efunekayo, intlawulo esekelwe kwingeniso, kunye neenjongo zemfundo ezikhululekileyo zoluntu zokunciphisa imiqobo. Noko ke, ezi nkqubo zibandakanya ukurhweba. Ingeniso ekhululekileyo inceda abafundi abanokubhalisa ngokuyintloko, ukunciphisa inkcitho yazo njengenkqubo yokujolisa. Ukunikezela okudityanisiweyo kwinkqubela-phambili yemfundo kunokuphucula amanqanaba okudityanisiweyo, kodwa ukongeza ukuntsonkotha kwezolawulo. Ubungqina obuvela ku khangela kumaziko aphezulu eencwadini e-Memodysting icebisa ukuba iziphumo ezongezelelekileyo zeziphumo xa zijolisekile kwimfundo yoqeqesho kunye nokuxhasa iinkonzo zabafundi, kunokuba zonyuso. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kobugcisa obuphambili kwiindlela ezisetyenziswa nakusetyenziswa nakusetyenziswa kwamazwe ukuze kusetyenziswe ubuchule bokulungisa ubuchule bokuphucula ubuchule bokuphucula ubuchule bobugcisa.

Iingxoxo Zenkqubo Ezimandundu

Njengoko ukungalingani kuqhubeka, imigaqo emitsha iya isanda, ezimbini kwezininzi eziphikisanayo yingeniso esisiseko nerhafu ekhoyo ehlabathini lonke.

Ingeniso Esisiseko: Ulula nokuncitshiswa kwexabiso

Ingeniso esisiseko yehlabathi lonke (UBI) inika intlawulo yemali ethe rhoqo, engaxhomekekanga kubo bonke abemi. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi ingenza lula inkqubo yentlalo-ntle, inciphise ulawulo ngaphezulu, kwaye inikezele umnatha wokhuseleko ngexesha lomatshini ozenzekelayo. Iinkqubo zesikhokelo eFinland, eKenya, namanye amazwe zibonise inkqubela elungeleleneyo kwintlalo-ntle kwaye akukho kuncitshiswa kwemali yomsebenzi. Noko ke, ixabiso lemali elifanelekileyo le-UBI likhulu. UBI limiselwe kumgca wobuhlwempu womntu omdala eUnited States, ingabiza malunga ne R5 000 000 000 ngonyaka kunolwabiwo-mali yoqingqomatshini. UDS i-mali eninzi kakhulu kunoludwe locwangciso-mali. UDNkaliso olunjalo lufuna ulwando oluthe kratya, olunokuphelisa ukukhula kwezoqoqosho. Ingxoxo ayikuthethe nokuba ngaba u-UB ilungile kusini na, nokuba ngaba urhwebo lwamkeleke ukuthunyelwa.

Irhafu Yobutyebi: Imali Ethengwa Kunokuhamba

Irhafu yobutyebi inyanzelisa irhafu yaminyaka le kwi-levy kwimpahla eneminatha ngaphezulu komqobo othile. Ngamazwe ambalwa kuphela e-OECD anerhafu enjalo, kwaye amaninzi aye ayenza ngenxa yeengxaki zolawulo. Ukukhutshelwa kwempahla edityanisiweyo njengeshishini, ubugcisa, kunye nefama kunika ingxalabo eninzi. Abantu abanobutyebi bangahambisa izinto okanye batshintshe indawo yokuhlala ukuze baphephe irhafu. Noko ke, abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba iirhafuzo zemali zikuphela kwendlela yokusingatha ngokuthe ngqo ukunqwala kwemali eninzi yempahla. Izicelo zakutshanje eUnited States neYurophu zicebisa ukuba irhafuthelo yonyaka ephantsi kwe-1-2% yeemali ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingaphezulu zezigidi zemali. Intengo ephambili ikhofini ekhoyo kunye nomngcipheko worhwebo. [FFOF][1]

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Into Esebenzayo Ekuqheliseni

Ukuqwalasela imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene kutyhila amathuba kunye nothintelo longenelelo lwenkqubo.

Imodeli yeNordic: Ingqokelela enika uLwazi

I-Sweden, i-Norway, i-Denmark, neFinland zifikelele imigangatho ephantsi yengeniso elinganiselweyo yokungalingani kodwa ixhomekeke kwimisebenzi eninzi yoluntu ngokudityaniswa kwemiqathango yerhafu eqhubekayo, iinzuzo zentlalo-ntle, iinkqubo zentengiselwano zemisebenzi, kunye norhwebo olunamandla lwasekuhlaleni kwimfundo kunye nezempilo. La maphondo axhaswa ngemali ngeminyhadala ephezulu yerhafu, kuquka irhafu exhotyisweyo kodwa encitshiswe yimisebenzi emikhulu kodwa exhotyiswe kakhulu. Irhafuthelo eliphambili lixhomekeke kwiimfuno zemali eziphezulu zoluntu. Urhwebo-othengiso lunganciphiswa lunga kumgangatho worhwebo lwabucala. Kanti uqoqo lwezoqoqosho lungathomalalisi izikhuthazo zorhwebo.

Inkqubo yokusebenzisana yaseJamani

Inkqubo yoqeqesho lomsebenzi yaseJamani idibanisa uqeqesho lweklasi kunye noqeqesho lwejob. Le nkqubo idityanisiweyo ivelisa abasebenzi abanobuchule abahlangabezana neemfuno zabakhiqizi ngeli xesha benika abantu abaselula abangayi eyunivesithi imisebenzi eqeshiweyo. Isiphumo sisantya esiphantsi sokungaqeshwa kolutsha kunezibonelelo ezininzi zezoqoqosho kunye nokusasazwa kwemali elinganayo phakathi kwabasebenzi ngaphandle kwamaqondo obuchule. Urhwebo luthi inkqubo ifune ukulungelela ukulungelelanisa umanyano phakathi korhulumente, abaqeshi, namaqumrhu oshishino, nto leyo enokuba nzima ukukhuthaza ukuhambelana namazwe abuthathaka. Inkqubo kwakhona ifuna ukuba kubekho imizila-mveliso enzima, iyenze ibe nzima ngakumbi kubasebenzi ukuba batshintshele kwimimandla evelisayo. Utshintsho lwakutshanje luye lwandisa utshintsho ukuze lwandise ukulungele ukulungelelanisa ukulungele ukuqhubana nokusebenza kwemisebenzi.

Inkqubo yokuthumela irhafu nenkqubela-phambili yaseKhanada

IKhanada isebenzisa inkqubo yerhafu efumana intlawulo ngeebhaso ezininzi edityaniswe neetyala lerhafu ezidityanisiweyo (ezinjengeenzuzo zeKhanada engomntwana) ukusasaza ingeniso kwiintsapho nabantwana. Indlela yelizwe iquka ukufuduswa kwezoburhulumente ngokulinganayo ukulingana kobuchule bephondo, ukunciphisa umahluko wengingqi kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Isiphumo sisantya esithe kratya sobuhlwempu obusezantsi kakhulu kune-United States, phezu kwazo nje iziphumo ezifanayo zentengiso yengqesho. Ucelomngeni lukukulondoloza inkxaso yezopolitiko kumazwe amakhulu, kwilizwe elineemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukufuduka kwamaphondo ahlwempuzekileyo kuye kwaba ngumthombo wenkxandumiso yezo yezopolitiko. Amava eKhanadane ibonisa ukuba ubuhlwempula boluntu lunganceda kwaye lunciphisa imigudu yokunciphisa ubuhlwempunge.

Ucelomngeni Neengxaki Eziqhubekayo

Phezu kwaloo minyaka ingamashumi eminyaka iphandwe nangamava, kusaqhubeka kuxabana ngohlobo olufanelekileyo lokwabelana.

Ukunganyaniseki kwerhafu. Unyuko lwerhafu ludla ngokungathandwa, kwanaxa ingeniso yemali ikhokha-mali yeenkqubo ezithandwayo. Abezobupolitika abaqeshwa bajongene nezisusa ezinamandla zokuphepha ukunyusa irhafu, ingakumbi kwiklasi ephakathi. Oku kungakhokelela kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokungagunyaziswa, efana nokungasetyenziswa kakuhle kweenkonzo zikawonke wonke okanye ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimali eninzi. Umjikelezo wezobupolitika ubangela ingxenge-xakeko: imigaqo evelisa ingeniso ende (njengemfundo yasekuqaleni kobuntwana) ingatyeshelwa ekuthandeni iiprojekti ezifutshane.

Impikiswano eneziphumo. Ubungqina kwiinkqubo zentlalo-ntle buyancitshiswa. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ukuthuthwa kwemali kunganciphisa intshukumisa yokusebenza, kudala ugcino-lwazi phakathi kwezizukulwana. Abaxhasi baphendula ngokuthi ubungqina abuxhasi iziphumo ezinamandla zokuphelisa ubuhlwempu ngenxa yokukhula kwabantwana kunye neziphumo zempilo. Inyaniso ixhomekeke kumatshini othile kunye nomongo wezoshishino.

[[NTL:0] Iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga. Ulawulo lwe-Rent, inkqubo ecetyelwe ukwenza indawo yokuhlala ibenokufikeleleka, ingenza unikezelo lweyunithi zokuqesha ludibane nolungiso, ekugqibeleni lonakalise abaqeshi bayo abafuna ukukhusela. Unyuso oluncinci lwemivuzo lungakhawulezisa ukhawuleziso kwimizi-mveliso enemida emincinane. Izihlomelo zendlu yabanini zinokunyusa amaxabiso endlu. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka balindele ezi ziphumo zomgca wesibini kwaye bakhe ulungelelaniso kwinkqubo ukuze bavumele utshintsho.

ukwenziwa kube yimbumba kunye notshintsho lwezobugcisa. Imikhosi emininzi eqhuba ukungalingani okusezantsi, utshintsho lobugcisa, ubuchule obungachazwanga kakuhle, ihlabathi lonke likwimiqathango yemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe. Ukhuphiswano lwerhafu lungasilela ubuchule boorhulumente kwikomkhulu lerhafu, ngelixa iifementi ezihamba phantsi kwesiseko somzikelo wokuzinzisa. Ukulungisa ukungalingani komgangatho wobuxhakaxhakaxhakaxhano kusenokufuna umanyano lwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe kwirhafu, kurhwebo, kunye nemigangatho yemisebenzi.

Imithetho esebenzayo ifuna ugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo, olufike ngexesha elililo lwengeniso, ubutyebi, kunye nokuhamba. Amazwe amaninzi akanayo idata yolawulo okanye uhlolisiso lwasekhaya oluthatha incopho yonikezelo. Iingxelo zerhafu, ezisetyenziswa njengemvelaphi, zinzima ngokubhadula nokuphepha. Ngaphandle kogcino-lwazi oluthembekileyo, kunzima ukwazi enoba ubungalingani buyanda okanye buyawa, okanye buvavanya iziphumo zemigaqo ethile. Imali yemiqathango ekwiziqumrhu, njengenkqubo yogcino-data edityanisiweyo esetyenziswa kumazwe eNordic, ibalulekile kubungqina bokwenza inkqubo esekelwe kwinkqubo.

Isiphelo: Ukulungelelanisa Usukelo Ngendlela Entsonkothileyo

Inkqubo kawonke-wonke inganciphisa ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, kodwa inkqubo inyanzelwa ziintengiso zokwenene zorhwebo. Irhafu eqhubekayo inika ingeniso kwiinkqubo zoluntu kodwa iziphumo zentlalo zinciphisa utyalo-mali kunye nomgudu. Iinzuzo zentlalo zinika uncedo olukhawulezileyo kodwa zisenokudodobalisa izihlomelo zokusebenza. Imivuzo encinci yokunyusa ingeniso kwabanye abasebenzi kodwa inokunciphisa imisebenzi. Ukuchitha imfundo kwakha umthamo wexesha elide kodwa kufuna ingeniso eninzi eninzi ngokungaqiniseki.

Ezona ndlela ziphumelelayo zidla ngokudibanisa izixhobo ezininzi kwicebo elingqinelanayo: irhafu eqhubekayo yokuxhasa iinkonzo zomgangatho ophezulu kawonke-wonke, ukuthunyelwa okumiselwe kakuhle okugcina izisusa zomsebenzi, iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zentengiso ezinceda abasebenzi balungelelanise, kunye notyalo-mali oluqinileyo kwasekuqaleni kobuntwana kunye nemfundo yesibini. Imodeli yeNordic ibonisa ukuba le migaqo-siseko iyakwazi ukudibana nezoqoqosho, kodwa ukumiselwa okukhethekileyo kufuneka kubonise amandla eqeqele likarhulumente, inkcubeko yezobupolitika, kunye nesakhiwo sezoqoqosho.

Abenzi benkqubo kufuneka baqonde ukuba ukungalingani okungangeyongxaki enokunyibilikiswa kanye kwaye konke. Lucelomngeni oluqhubekayo olufuna ukusoloko uhamba, ukujonga, kunye nokulungisa. Injongo ayikulingana ngokugqibeleleyo kweziphumo kodwa yeyokuba ibutho labantu elinobuchule obufanelekileyo bokuthatha inxaxheba nempumelelo. Njengoko ubugcisa obutsha kunye neengcinezelo zomhlaba zinokuthengiswa ngokutsha, iintengiso zorhwebo ziya kuvela, zifune ukuba inkqubela yemicimbi notshintsho lwe-ectragmic.