Ukwazisa

Ukusukela ukulingana kumele njengenye yezona mpembelelo zihlala zikhona nezitshintshayo kwimbali yoluntu. Lo mzabalazo, owexesha elide, ubufanasini, imo yezoqoqosho, neminye imilinganiso emininzi, uye walungisa kwakhona imithetho, izithethe, kunye nenkcazo yobuqu kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ngoxa inkqubela enkulu iye yenziwa ```ukususwa kobukhoboka kumalungelo okuvota'. Uhambo luhlala lungaphelelangaphelelanga. Ukuqonda oko kudlulileyo, ukubandakanye nobunzima obukhoyo, nokudwelisa ikhondo lexesha elizayo kufuna ukukhangela ngokucacileyo kwimiqobo ecacileyo kunye nemiqobo eqhubekayo. Eli nqaku linikeza uvavanyo olwandilisekileyo lokwenza umlinganiselo wokulinganisa, ukuzoba nemeko yexesha elikhoyo, amandla, kunye nokukhangela phambili ukukhanyisa indlela engaphambili.

Imbali YeNtlangano Yokulingana

Isiseko Samandulo Nesamandulo

Imbewu yokulingana kwempucuko yamandulo eyaziwayo, nangona le ngcamango yayisoloko inciphile. E-Athene yamandulo, idemokhrasi yanika inxaxheba kwezobupolitika kuphela ekukhululeni amadoda, ekungabini ngabafazi, amakhoboka nabemi basemzini. Okwangoku, izithethe zentandabulumko zentanda-bulumko `njengeStoyike, ezafundisa ukuba zonke iingcamango zifaneleke, ." ingxubusho yangaphambili echasene nee-archisralies ezingqongqo. Imibutho yonqulo, kwakhona, yadlala indima: amaBhuda ayizange ivume ikhethe ikhethe ikhethelo ngokomoya phambi koThixo. Noko ke, ezi ngcamango zazingafane ziguqulelwe kwiinguqulelo engokomthetho okanye entlalweni.

Ukukhanyiselwa Nokuguquka Kwendaleko

Ngenkulungwane ye-17 neye-18, iingcinga zoluvo njengoJohn Locke, uJean-Jacques Rousseau, kunye noImmanuel Kant zachaza imigaqo echanekileyo yamalungelo emvelo nesidima soluntu. Iingcamango zabo zaphembelela ngokuthe ngqo iZibhengezo zeSindululo senkululeko yenkululeko yomntu (17766) kunye neSindululo samaFrentshi samaLungelo (1889), esivakalisa inkululeko nokulingana okunokungena kumbini. Kodwa la maxwebhu asebenza ngokuyintloko kumadoda amhlophe afanelekileyo. Abafazi abanjengo-Olympepe de Goutes noMary Wollclaftftftings zaphikisa ezi zizinto ezisuswayo, ukupapasha okusebenza njenge [FLT: 0] ukulingana kwamaLungelo angokuqhelekileyo. [FLDicity] kunye [Foct:]

Imikhosi Yamabhinqa Nemibutho Yayo Elwayo

Inkulungwane ye-19 yafumana amaphulo acwangcisiweyo nxamnye nobukhoboka kunye namalungelo amabhinqa. Umbutho wokupheliswa kwenqanawa, okhokelwa ngamanani afana noFrederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman, noWilliam Lloyd Garrison, basebenzisa impembelelo yokuziphatha, ukuphembelela kwezobupolitika, kwaye bakhokela ukuphelisa ukurhwebelana kwamakhoboka okusuka kwelinye ilizwe kwaye ekugqibeleni, ubukhoboka obusemthethweni eUnited States. Uloyisongelo lwe 13th Amentement (1865) kunye notshintsho olufanayo kwezinye iintlanga, kodwa ilifa lobuhlanga lwamanyene. USimultatlet, umbutho wamabhinqa ngokuphaka kweminiwawo, kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi ayenokubonakalisa ngokunzulu iNgqungqu yomkhosi waseNegesain (1848) kunye neenbo yokuvocala amalungelo amabhinqa eNew Zealand (1893), i-1906), kunye neminye imikhosi emininzi yezizwe. La mazwe amaninzi ayenonethi.

Iziganeko Ezibalaseleyo KwiNtlanganiso Yomgangatho

Izindululo Nezindululo Zehlabathi

Iziphumo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi II zakhuthaza ixesha elitsha lemilinganiselo yamalungelo abantu bezizwe zonke. ISindululo somhlaba Wonke samalungelo abantu (1948), esamkelwa yiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, samisela isiseko esiqhelekileyo senkululeko `kuquka ilungelo lokuphila, inkululeko, kunye nokhuseleko(ukungagqalwa kohlanga, isini, okanye unqulo. Olu xwebhu luye lwaphembelela umgaqo-siseko wesizwe esingenakubalwano nezivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe. Ngokulandelayo luye lwagunyazisa izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ngeKhomplistation of All Iredifictures of All Crimination (1965) kunye neConvention of Contrantificision of All Relitivation of Arections of Adom (19659), ezinikezelwe yimithetho esemthethweni yokuphendula ityala.

Umthetho wesizwe ophawula umhlaba

Kumazwe ngamanye, imithetho ekhethekileyo iye yaphawula iinkalo ezitshintshileyo. UMthetho wamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. ka-1949 owenzelwe ucalucalulo olungekho mthethweni ngenxa yobuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe emsebenzini nakwindawo yokuhlala kawonke-wonke. UMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1965 uqhube imiqobo engakumbi yokuthatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika kumazwe aseAfrika. EMzantsi Afrika, ukuphela kocalucalucalulo-calulo-calulo-calulo-calulo-calulo . Ngokwelo olusemthethweni, ukubekwa kolawulo olufana nolo lwe-2005 (2005), kunye noMzantsi Afrika (206, kunye neUnited States (2015) kwaboniswa ukuguquka kwe-obergfell v. Hodges)

Indima Yentshukumo Yemizila

Umthetho wodwa awunakukhusela ukulingana. Intshukumo yeGrassroot iye yafuneka ekutshintsheni impucuko. UMatshi ka1963 eWashington, izibheno zeStonewall ka1969, amaphulo okulwa nonyuko oluchasene nolwandle, kunye noMatshi wakutshanje wamabhinqa onke abonisa indlela ingcinezelo yoluntu ekwazi ngayo ukuthomalalisa amazwi acuthekileyo. Le ntshukumo idla ngokusebenzisa ukuchasa okungenabundlobongela, ukungathobeli kwemibutho, kunye nonxibelelwano olucwangcisiweyo ukuvavanyaza ukungabikho kokusesikweni.

Imibandela Yangoku KwiNtlangano Yomgangatho

Ukungekho Sikweni Kobuhlanga Nobuhlanga Obulawulwa Zinkqubo

Phezu kwazo nje iziguqulo ezisemthethweni, ucalucalulo lobuhlanga lusaqhubeka lungumba onzima ehlabathini lonke. E-United States, umbutho omnyama obizwa ngokuba yiBlack Lives Matter (wasungulwa ngo-2013 emva kokugwetywa kukaGeorge Zimmerman) uye watsalela ingqalelo kugonyamelo lwamapolisa, ukuthuthwa kwabantu abaninzi, kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwezoqoqosho okuchaphazela abantu abaNsundu. Amaphulo afanayo akhona eBrazil, eUnited Kingdom, naseFransi, apho amaqela amancinane ajongene nocalucalulo kwizindlu, umsebenzi, kunye nobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho. Ugcino-lwazi lubonisa ukuba abantu abambalwa beentlanga abangabantu bafumana umlinganiselo ongaphantsi kobomi, amanani ophezulu, awona aphezulu, kwaye anciphisa umgangatho wemfundo kwimfundo. Ukuthetha ngezi zimposiso akufuneki nje kuphela utshintsho kodwa kwanophuhlisomatshini abalawuli bemithetho, izakhiwo ezisebenza kwimicimbi, izindlu, kunye nezonyango.

Ukungalingani Okungalinganiyo Nokudibana

Ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwi- Gender luyaqhubeka phantse kwibutho ngalinye labantu. Umbutho # IMeToo, owafumana ulwahlulo lwehlabathi lonke ngo-2017, ubhenca ukuxhaphaka kokuhlaselwa ngokwesini nokuhlaselwa ngokwesini, ingakumbi kushishino lwemisebenzi kunye nezolonwabo. Okwangoku, isini sihlawula umsantsa ngokungqongqo: ngokweWorld Economic Forum’s Global Gender Barbate Report, ngokwesantya sangoku, iza kuthabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwe 130 ukuvala umsantsa wehlabathi. Amabhinqa namantombazana ajongene nemiqobo engamandla kwimfundo, ukumela kwezobupolitika, kunye namathuba ezoqoqosho. Ngokutshona kwesazi esingongongokwasemthethweni uKimberbécrecrecs (g.g. g.cum, iklasi yesigaba, ubufana-gonobom) elungeleneyo imele i-engileyo yemithetho yezo ezizintluvo ezimeleyo, kunokuba isetyenziswe kwiimeko zokuzinzipho ezingo zokwahlulo ezingo.

Ukwahluka Kwamazwe Neendidi Zokwahluka

Umgama okhulayo wobutyebi usongela ukulingana kwebutho labantu kwaye unciphisa ukulingana kwezinye iindawo. Ukususela ngo1970, ukungalingani kwengeniso kuye kwenyuka kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi ahambele phambili, kunye no 1% othatha isabelo esiphezulu sempumelelo yezoqoqosho. Imimandla ehlukeneyo `abantu abanemibala, abafazi, kunye nabaphambukeli .'engingqi (___bathelwe kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzi abaphantsi nabasebenzi abangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwimali. I-CHOVAD-19 ithe yazidityatha ezi ngxakini, njengelahleko yomsebenzi kunye neziphumo zempilo zihlasela ezona zinzima. Imikhosi enjenge Occtup Wall Street kunye nemfazwe ye-R15 yeminyaka ibizwa ngokuba yimivuzo ezihlala, ukunyamekela impilo yehlabathi lonke, kunye nenkqubo entle yerhafuthengiso. Ngaphandle kokulungisa inkqubela-yo kwezoqoqosho, inkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho ihlala injalo.

I-LGBTQ+ Amalungelo kunye

Ngoxa ukulingana komtshato kuphunyezwe kumazwe amaninzi, iLGBTQ+ abantu abajongene nocalucalulo, ugonyamelo, kunye nentshutshiso esemthethweni. Kumazwe angaphezu kwama-60, ulwalamano olufanayo lobufanayo lusakhobokisa. Amalungelo olwaphulo-mthetho, ngokukodwa, aye aba yindawo ephambili: iingxoxo ngokufikelela kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ubuchule bempilo, kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo zisoloko zibonisa ngokunzulu i-tramponphobia. Imibutho yezempatho yezenteleko isebenza ukukhusela ukungadiscrini, ukulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuxhaswa kwempilo yeLGBTQ + ubutsha.

Amalungelo okuDluliseka nokufikeleleka

Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangamawaka ezigidi ali-1.3 ezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke baphila nohlobo oluthile lwesiphene. INdibano yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yamalungelo abantu abaneziphene (2006) yaseka inkqubo yokufakwa kwelungu, kodwa yazalisekisa i-sidibi. Izibiyeli ziyaqhubeka kwizinto zomzimba, ukufumaneka kwamanani, ukufumaneka, kunye nokungakhathalelwa kwempilo. Imithetho egqwethekileyo igxininisa ukuba ibutho labantu limele liziqhelanise nokuhlalisa yonke imizimba neengqondo, kunokuba lijonge ukukhubazeka njengengxaki.

Amalungelo Elizwe Nelizwe Elisebukhosini

Abantu belizwe bayaqhubeka belwela ukunconywa kwamazwe abo, ukusinda kwenkcubeko, nokuzigqibela ngokwabo. Imikhosi efana neSign Rock Sioux ilwa nokuvukela kweDakota Access Pirline (206982017) eUnited States, kunye neIdle Nore Readsting hambation eKhanada, iye yabalaselisa ukuthatyathwa kwelizwe ngokuqhubekayo. Abantu abaninzi bomthonyamamthonyama bajongene nomgangatho ophezulu wobuhlwempu, ukuwohloka kwemekobume, kunye nogonyamelo. ISindululo seZizwe Ezimanyeneyo samaLungelo Amalungelo Abantu (2007) siqinisekisa amalungelo abo elizwe, oovimba, noovimba abaziziquququ, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwabo bekungalingani.

Indima Yemfundo Ekukhuthazeni Ukulingana

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Iinkqubo zemfundo zingaqinisa ukungalingani okanye zicel ’ umngeni. Xa iiklasi zityeshela imbali eziceliweyo , umzekelo, ngokushiya igalelo leBlack, iFreant, okanye amabhinqa `akhuthaza i-'reas'. Ngokuchaseneyo, izifundo ezifundisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo zingakhuthaza ulwazelelelo nokucingela. Iinkqubo ezifana neZinn Education Project eUnited States zinika ubuncwane bokufundisa ngemibutho yasekuhlaleni kunye nokungalingani kwezakhiwo. Kumazwe anemigaqo ye-migaqo ye-migaqo-siseko esemthethweni, njengeKhanada, izikolo ziquka ulwazi kunye neelwimi zomda.

Iimeko Ezikhuselekileyo Nezahlukeneyo Zesikolo

Ngapha koko, imekobume yesikolo ngokwayo ibalulekile. Abafundi abajongene nokungcungcuthekiswa, ucalucalulo, okanye ukungabi namfaneleli abanakuphumelela ngokwemfundo. Iinkqubo zokulwa nokulwa nokungakhathalelwa, ezidityaniswe nokuqeqeshwa kootitshala nabasebenzi, zinceda ekukheni iindawo ezikhuselekileyo. Ukusebenza ngokuzinzisa ekungeni kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo, apho kuvunyelwe ngumthetho ukuba kwandiswe imfundo ephezulu. Noko ke, imigaqo enjalo ihlala iphikisana kwaye isoloko icelw'e enkundla.

Uxanduva lwesalathisi

Izikolo zingasebenza njengemizi yokulungelelanisa kunye nemfundo yoluntu. Iintlanganiso zomanyano namaqela oluntu anika abafundi amathuba ehlabathi okubandakanyeka kwimiba yentlalo esesikweni. Imisebenzi yenkonzo, iiklasi zabafundi, kunye nemfaniso yeholo yedolophu yakha ubuchule obufunekayo ukuze abe ngummi okhutheleyo. Xa imfundo idibanisa ukufunda ukuphila, inika abantu abakwiklasi amandla okuba ngabameli beenguqu.

Ubuxhakaxhaka, imithombo yezobugcisa kunye nomthetho wezobugcisa

Amazwi Acuthayo

Unyuko lwezibonelelo zezentlalo luguqule ukulingana. I-Platforms enjenge-twitter, Istagram, kunye ne-TikTok ivumela abantu kunye namaqela ukuba babelane ngamabali, bacwangcise, baphumele uvandla, baphumele abagcini bamasango besithethe. Hashtags ezifana [# BlackMatters[[[FLT: 1], [FLT], [FLT]], [FLT], ne-[FLT] amaGON [[FLT:]] i-QUTRAN [[5]] iqokelele izigidi ehlabathini lonke. Ubungqina bezenzo zobundlobo obunobucala buye basebenzisa amagunya aphendula amatyala. Izixhobo ze-Acticotic zikwane zezenziwane, inkxaso yezezezezezezezentlalo, i-culogno yezezezezezezentlalo-og, i-ogrst, yentlareart, yentla yentla yamaqela e

Iingozi Nemilinganiselo

Noko ke, amanani okwenza iprojekthi asezantsi. ucalucalulo lwemithetho-siseko lungaqinisa ujikelezo okanye lucinezele umxholo kuluntu oluphantsi. Amaphulo okuchaza okungekho mthethweni kunye namaphulo adityanisiweyo okungakuchaphazeli ukuthembana nokungqubana kobuntlola babantu. I-Uniganelism /iiingxubene ngokuphandle i-intanethi ibandakanya amabhinqa, abantu abanombala, kunye nabantu abanombala---ne-LGBTQ+ / bayakwazi ukuthintela inxaxheba. Ngaphezu koko, ukuxhomekeka kwiqonga eliphambili kuthetha ukuba intluphetho lungathotho olucuthelwe kwintselwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-algalgoricban.

Ikamva Lobugcisa Lokulingana

Ubugcisa obudibanisayo obufana nobuqilima kunye nobuchule bokuyila i-breatchain bunika amathuba kunye nomngcipheko. I-Al ingasetyenziswa ukuphicotha imisebenzi yokuqesha ukuze kucalulwe okanye kuphuculwe ufikelelo ngokuqwalaselwa kwentetho. Kodwa i-algorithms ezigqwethekileyo zinokuphinda zifakelele ukungalingani, njengokuba zibonwa kwiimpazamo zokwazi ubuso ezithe ngokungeyonyaniso zabenza abantu abanombala. Abenzi bomthetho kunye neengcali zobugcisa kufuneka basebenzisane ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubela yezobugcisa isebenza ngokulinganayo. Ukuvula isiseko sezixhobo zolwazi, ukhuseleko lwemfihlo, kunye neenkqubo zobuchule obupheleleyo zibalulekile.

Ikamva LeNtlanganiso Yokulingana

Udityaniso kunye nomanyano lwehlabathi

Umbutho wokulingana uyaqonda ukuba uxanduva luyadibana. Ubulungisa bemozulu, umzekelo, ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto buchaphazela abantu abangenayo kunye nabantu abanemibala ephantsi, abajongene nochaphazeleko oluphezulu longcoliso kunye nezinto ezimbalwa ukuze bavumelane. Ngokufanayo, amalungelo abasebenzi namalungelo abo adibana nobulungisa bobuhlanga. Ukwakha imida ebanzi enqamleza imida .

Ucelomngeni Oluzayo

Ukuchaswa kokulingana kusenamandla. Ubuzwe bobuPopulist, oorhulumente abanyanzelisayo, kunye nokuchasana nempumelelo eqhubekayo kusongela amalungelo anzima. Kwamanye amazwe, iinkundla ziyawaqesha amalungelo okuzala, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwempilo okuguquguqukayo kuyasotywa. Ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho okungalinganiyo kusenokuqhubeka kwandiswa ngenxa yemiqathango yezorhwebo nemigaqo-siseko serhafu exhasa ikomkhulu ngaphezu kokusebenza. Utshintsho lwemozulu longezelela elinye igosamente longxamiseko: abemi abafudusiweyo kunye nokuswela kwemali kusenokuguqula ingxabano kunye nocalucalucalulo.

Amanyathelo Okuqhubela Inkqubela Eqinileyo

Ukusebenzisa ezi ngxaki, abaxhasi kufuneka bamkele iindlela ezininzi zomthetho. Ukuxhasa umthetho . njengokusetyenziswa koMthetho woManga eUnited States `Ii-Eunity' kuhlala kubalulekile. Kodwa ke ngoko ukwakha amandla okuzimisela utyani ngolungiselelo loluntu, uncedo, kunye nobhaliso. Isenzo somthetho, njengokumangalelwa kwemigaqo-mthetho echasene nezobuhlanga, kungamisela imizekeliso. Utshintsho lwenkcubeko lufuna ukuxelelwa, ubugcisa, kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ulwazi oluqhelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuzikhusela nokuzibophelela nokuzixhasa kuqinisekisa ukuba abantu ngabanye nemibutho ehlala ikho iyakwazi ukutsala ixesha elide.

Isiphelo

Umzabalazo wokulingana awunakubekwa kwicala elinye okanye uqinisekiswe. Ifuna umgudu oqhubekayo, ugcino, kunye nokuzikhetha okugxekayo. Imbali ibonisa ukuba inkqubela idla ngokulandela amaxesha okwenza ubuchule obunzima kunye nokuphumelela okusemthethweni, kodwa kwakhona impumelelo isenokuphela xa uthe waphaphazela. Ngokufunda kwintshukumo zexesha elidlulileyo . "Uloyiso lomntu ophumeleleyo kunye neentsilelo zakhe" kwaye ngokubandakanyeka kwizinto ezintsonkothile zangoku, singenza ikamva apho isidima namathuba ayengengamalungelo kodwa amalungelo endalo yonke. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka, kodwa ngokuqulungelana, ihlabathi liyakwazi ukufezeka.

Ukuphinda ufunde ngembali exutyushweyo, jonga i [[FLT:] Isibhengezo esingahambelaniyo samalungelo abantu. Kulwazi lwangoku olungokwahluka ngokwesini, Ingxelo yeGlobal Gender Demeter yeNkcubeko yehlabathi yeForum inikela uhlalutyo olubanzi. Ukuvavanya ukunqamleza kobugcisa kunye nobulungisa bentlalo, umsebenzi wezobugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yempumputha yoluntu. [[FLT:]