Table of Contents
Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho OmGaqo-siseko Ebudeni Bokudibana Kwamapolisa
IsiHlanziso sesine soMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States simi njengenye yezona zinto zisisiseko abemi baseMerika abanazo zokukhusela urhulumente. Eli lungiselelo libalulekileyo lomgaqo-siseko likhusela abantu ekuphandeni ngokungekho ngqiqweni nasekuxhuzuleni kwamagosa omthetho, ukuseka isakhiwo esilungelelanisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke nenkululeko yobuqu. Enoba uhamba esitratweni, uqhuba inqwelo-mafutha yakho, okanye uhlala ekhaya lakho, ukuqonda amalungelo akho eSigqibo-Mmiselo sesine kungenza umahluko phakathi konxibelelwano olusemthethweni kunye nokwaphulwa kokhuseleko lwakho lwemiGaqo-siseko.
Kulo mgaqo-siseko wanamhlanje, ukudibana kwamapolisa kuye kwaxhaphaka, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezi zenzo kungahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwiimeko. Ukusuka ekuzitheni okuqhelekileyo ukuya kuphando olunzulu lolwaphulo-mthetho, ukwazi oko ukunyanzeliswa komthetho okunokwenziwa kwaye okungenakukwenza kuyimfuneko kumntu ngamnye. Lo mkhokeli ubanzi uza kukuhamba phakathi koMphetho-mva-mvakalo wesine, achaze amalungelo akho ngexesha leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelwano lwamapolisa, kwaye anikeze icebiso eliluncedo lokuzikhusela ngoxa egcina unxibelelwano olunentlonelo namagosa omthetho.
UMthetho Wesine Wokwenziwa Komhlaba: Umongo Wembali Nendlela Esetyenziswa Ngayo Namhlanje
ISichibiyelo sesine savunywa ngo1791 njengenxalenye yeBhili yamaLungelo, ezalwa kumava aFundiweyo ooTata namagunya amaBritane aqhuba uphando olungekho ngqiqweni kunye nokuxhuzula. Isivumelwano sifundeka ngolu hlobo: "Ilungelo labantu lokukhuseleka kubantu babo, kwizindlu, kumaphepha, nakwiziphumo, nxamnye nokuphengulula okungekho ngqiqweni, kwaye akukho banqophisi bemfazwe abazakuthi bangene, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esixhaswe ngu-Oath okanye isiqinisekiso, kwaye ichaza ngokukhethekileyo indawo ekufuneka ifunwe, kunye nabantu okanye izinto ezimele zibanjwe."
Lo mGaqo-siseko ukhusela imigaqo emibini esisiseko eqhubeka ibumba imisebenzi yokunyanzelisa umthetho waseMelika namhlanje. Okokuqala, ikhusela abemi ekubhexesheni okungekho ngqiqweni ukuphengulula nokuxhuzula, ithetha ukuba ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kumele kube nokuthethelela okufanelekileyo kwezenzo zabo. Okwesibini, imisela imfuneko efunekayo, iqinisekisa ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, amapolisa kufuneka afumane imvume egweba phambi kokuphendla okanye ukubopha.
Oko Kubangela Uphando Phantsi Kohlaziyo Lwesine
Ukuqonda oko kufanelekileyo ngokusemthethweni "ukuphengulula" kubalulekile ekwazini xa amalungelo akho eSindululo sesine esetyenziswa. Iinkundla ziye zavelisa uphando olunzulu lomthetho ochaza amatyala, kodwa umgaqo oqhelekileyo usekelwe ekubeni ulindele ukuba ungazibophelele kusini na kummandla okanye kumbandela okhangelwayo. Ikhaya lakho lifumana umgangatho ophezulu weSihlaziyo sesine sokhuseleko, ngoxa izinto ezikwimbonakalo ecacileyo okanye izinto ezishiyweyo zifumana ukhuseleko oluncinane.
Ubugcisa bezi mini bunenkcazelo entsonkothileyo engokwesithethe enzima. Ukusetyenziswa komthetho wezixhobo zokufota ezisebenzisa i-GPS, ukulandelela i-data yendawo ekuyo icell phone kunye nezinye iindlela zobugcisa zokuhlola kuye kwabangela iinkundla ukuba ziqhubeke zichaza ukukhuselwa kweSine soMgaqo-nkqubo weNkundla yaNgoku iPhakamileyo yandisa ukhuseleko lwesine lokuHlaliswa kweMiphetho-nkqubo kwicell phone kunye nokulandelela iGPS, ziqonda ukuba ubugcisa bunako ukuhlasela abantu ngokobuqu ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.
Imfuneko Engummangaliso Nezinto Ezahlukileyo Kuzo
Imfuneko yoMmiselo wesine isebenza njengovavanyo olubalulekileyo kumandla amapolisa ngokufuna uphando oluphambili lokunyanga nokuxhuzula. Ukufumana isiqinisekiso, amagosa omthetho kufuneka anike ubungqina kumphathi-mthetho ongathathi-nxaxheba ebonisa [[[FLT: 0]] unobangela ongenakugwetywa ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho luye lwenziwa kwaye ubungqina bokokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho luzakufunyanwa kwindawo eza kuphendwa. Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sichaze ngqo indawo eza kuphendwa kuyo kunye nezinto eziza kuthinjwa, zithintele ukuphengululwa jikelele.
Ngoko, imfuneko yogunyaziso ayiphelelanga. Iinkundla ziphawule iindawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo apho ukunyanzelisa umthetho kusenokukhangela ngaphandle kokufumana isiqinisekiso. Ezi zinxaxhi ziquka ukuphendla isiganeko sokubanjwa ngokusemthethweni, ukukhangela inqwelo-mafutha xa kukho isizathu esifanelekileyo, uphando olucacileyo, imbonakalo ecacileyo, ukuxhuzula, iimeko, kunye nohlolo olusuka kufutshane olusekelwe ekukrokreleni okusengqiqweni. Ukuqonda oku kuyimfuneko kuba kumele iimeko apho amapolisa athe andisa igunya ukukhangela ngaphandle kwemvume yangaphambili.
Iindidi Zokudibana Kwamapolisa: Yazi Umahluko
Asikuko konke ukunxibelelana nokunyanzeliswa komthetho odalwe ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho. Umgangatho wokukrokreleka ofunekayo namalungelo akho ahambelanayo wahluka ngokuphawulekayo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokudibana. Iinkundla zimisele iindidi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana kwamapolisa, nganye enemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo esemthethweni kunye neziphumo zenkululeko yakho yokuhamba.
Amadabi Aqhelekileyo
Isihlolo esiqhelekileyo, maxa wambi esibizwa ngokuba yi-"mere admin," senzeka xa igosa lamapolisa liza kubuza imibuzo kodwa lingenagunya elisemthethweni lokukuthintela. Ngexesha lokudibana kwakho, ukhululekile ngokupheleleyo ukuba uhambe, ungaphenduli, uhambe. Ngokusisiseko igosa lisebenza njengomntu wabucala, licela nje intsebenziswano yakho yokuzithandela. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka igosa elibuza ukuba ububone ulwaphulo-mthetho kusini na kummandla okanye licela ulwazi ngokubanzi ngomsebenzi wongingqi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekudibaneni okuqhelekileyo kukuba umntu osengqiqweni angaziva ekhululekile ukwamkela izicelo zegosa aze aphelise intsebenziswano. Akukho mbopheleleko yokuba ume, uzichaze, okanye uphendule nayiphi na imibuzo ngexesha lokudibana. Noko ke, abemi abaninzi abaqondi ukuba banale nkululeko kwaye bayavumelana nezicelo zamapolisa ngenxa yomkhwa okanye ukoyikisa. Ukuba akuqinisekanga ukuba ungquzulwano lungamkeleki, ungasoloko ubuza: "Ayikho ukukhululeka ukuphuma?" Impendulo yegosagosa iya kucacisa indlela abasebenzisana ngayo.
Iintshukumisa zophando (Izimiselo Zokuhlola)
Ukuvalelwa ngophando, okuqheleke njengoTerry emva kokuma kwetyala leNkundla ePhakamileyo . i-Ohio, kwenzeka xa igosa lino ukrokra olusengqiqweni [ ukuba ubandakanyekile kumsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukukrokrela okunengqiqo kusezantsi kunonobangela obalulekileyo kwaye kufuna, izibakalazo ezinokukhokelela kwigosa elinobugosa elinobugosayo ukuba likrokrele, hayi nje i-hnch okanye isikrobo jikelele.
Ngexesha lokumisa kukaTerry, awukhululekile ukuphuma, kodwa kwakhona awukho phantsi kobanjwa. Ukuvalelwa kufuneka kube mfutshane kwaye kulinganiselwe kuphengululo lokuphanda umsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho. Abaphathi-mthetho bangaqhuba ukuphengulula izixhobo ukuba banokukrokra ngokusengqiqweni ukuba uxhobile kwaye uyingozi. Kufuneka uthobele imiyalelo esemthethweni ngexesha lokumiswa kuka Terry, kodwa akufuneki ukuba uphendule imibuzo engaphaya kokunika uchazo olusisiseko kumazwe ngemithetho yokumisa nokuyeka.
Ubude bokuma kukaTerry mabube busengqiqweni phantsi kweemeko. Iinkundla zivumela ukuvalelwa okuhlala ixesha elide imizuzu eli-15-20, nangona oku kungahluka ngokusekelwe ekuntsonkotheni kophando. Ukuba ukuvalelwa kudlulela ngaphaya koko kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa okanye ukugxotha ukukrokrela kwegosa, kungaguqukela ekubeni kufuneke ukubanjwa kubangele into elindelekileyo.
Ukubanjwa
Ukubanjwa kumela owona mqathango ubalulekileyo kwinkululeko yakho kwaye kufuna unobangela ongenakugxekwa ukuba wenze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Unobangela onokuthi ubekho xa izibakala neemeko zikhokelele umntu osengqiqweni ekukholelweni ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho luye lwenziwa kwaye wenze oko. Oku kungumgangatho ophezulu kunobugcinanezeleko obufanelekileyo kodwa kungaphantsi kunolo `ngathandabuziyo olusengqiqweni" umlinganiselo ofunekayo kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Ngexesha lokubanjwa, awukhululekile ukuphuma kwaye usekwindawo yamapolisa. Amagosa angaphengulula kuwe kunye nendawo ekuyo isiganeko sokulawula ngokukhawuleza ekubambeni. Unelungelo lokungathethi nto, nelungelo lokunikwa igqwetha, njengoko kuqinisekiswe kukuHlaliswa kweMithetho-mthetho yesihlanu neyeSithandathu. Ngoxa ukubanjwa kolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu kudla ngokufuna imvume, amapolisa angakubamba ngaphandle kwemvume ukuba anokutyala oko kunokwenzeka kwaye ukubanjwa kwenzeka kwindawo kawonke-wonke-wonke okanye phantsi kweemeko ezingalawulekiyo.
Amalungelo Akho Ngexesha Lokudibana Kwamapolisa
Kubalulekile ukuqonda amalungelo akho, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uzazi indlela yokuwasebenzisa xa udibana namapolisa. Iimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zibangela iingxaki ezikhethekileyo nezinokuthanani nomthetho ofanele uluqonde.
Uhambo Ngezithuthi Luyama
Ukumiswa kwezithuthi kuphakathi kwezona ziqhelekileyo amava amapolisa aseMerika. Xa igosa likuxelela ukuba utsale, kufuneka ume ngokusemthethweni. Igosa kufuneka lirhanelwe ngokusengqiqweni ukuba uye waphula umthetho wendlela okanye ubangele ukuba wenze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Xa umisiwe, kufuneka unike imvume yokuqhuba, ubhaliso lwenqwelo-mafutha, kunye nesiqinisekiso se-inshorensi xa uceliwe.
Ngexesha lokumisa kwezithuthi, unelungelo lokuhlala uthe cwaka ngaphaya kokunika uxwebhu olufunekayo kunye nolwazi olusisiseko. Akufuneki ukuba uphendule imibuzo malunga nalapho uya khona, apho ubukhona, okanye into oyenzayo. Ukuba umphathi ucela ukuphengulula inqwelo-mafutha yakho, unelungelo lokungavumi. Noko ke, abaphathi-majoni bangaphendla inqwelo-mafutha yakho ngaphandle kokuvuma ukuba banosizathu sokukholelwa ukuba iqulethe ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho okanye i-ankile.
Umlinganiselo wokumisa kwezithuthi kufuneka ulinganiselwe ekuthetheni ukuchasana kwendlela okuthethelela ukuma. Amagosa akanako ukunwena ixesha lokuma ukuze ahlole ulwaphulo-mthetho olungahambelaniyo ngaphandle kokuba acinge ukuba ukumiswa kweetrato kuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu, ungabuza ngokuzolileyo ukuba ukhululekile ukuba uhamba, nangona kufuneka uthobele ukuba umphathi uyavuma ukuba usaboshiwe.
Ukudibana Ekhaya Lakho
Ikhaya lakho lifumana ukhuseleko olunamandla lweSine soMchimbi-mva. Amapolisa adla ngokungena ekhayeni lakho ngaphandle kwemvume, imvume, okanye iimeko ezishushu ezinjengokusukela umntu orhanelwa ukubaleka, ukutshatyalaliswa okusemnyango, okanye iimeko zoncedo longxamiseko. Ukuba amagosa ankqonkqoza emnyango wakho, awunambopheleleko yokuphendula okanye ukuthetha nawo ngaphandle kokuba anesiqinisekiso.
Ukuba amapolisa athi anesiqinisekiso, unelungelo lokuwacela ukuba ayityikitye phantsi kocango okanye ayibambe kwifestile ukuze uqinisekise ubunyani bayo phambi kokuvula ucango. Isiqinisekiso sokukhangela esisebenzayo kufuneka sityikitywe ngumgwebi, chaza idilesi ezakukhangelwa, kwaye chaza izinto ezizakubanjwa. Ukuba abaphathi banesiqinisekiso sokubanjwa komntu othile kwikhaya lakho, bangangena ukuphumeza loo siqinisekiso, kodwa igunya labo lokukhangela lilinganiselwe kwiindawo apho umntu anokuba azimele khona.
Ungaze uvume ukuphengululwa kwekhaya lakho ngaphandle kokuba uqonde ngokupheleleyo oko kuthethwayo. Xa uthe wanika imvume, amagosa angaphengulula iindawo ezigqunywe yiloo mvume, kwaye nabuphi na ubungqina obufunyenweyo bungasetyenziswa nxamnye nawe. Ungalimisela umda lo mbandela wokuvuma okanye wokulisusa nangaliphi na ixesha, nangona ubungqina obufunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba upheliswe bungavunyelwa bunokuhlala bungenakusetyenziswa.
Udibano lwesitrato kunye nokumiswa- kunye neFrisk
Xa uhamba phambi kwabantu, ungadibana namapolisa afuna ukukubuza okanye aqhube isithintelo sokuma okanye sokuphatha intsimbi. Njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, ukuba udibana nomntu osisiqhubi, ukhululekile ukuba uhambe. Ukuba igosa linokukrokrela ngokusengqiqweni ngesenzo solwaphulo-mthetho, ungabanjwa kancinane ukuze uphengulule. Ngexesha lokuvalelwa, igosa lingaqhuba ipasethi yempahla yakho yangaphandle ukuba lirhanela ukuba uxhobile kwaye liyingozi.
I-flisk esemthethweni ilinganiselwe kwisixhobo esiphantsi sempahla engaphandle ekufumaneni izixhobo. Abaphathi abanakukwazi ukuphatha izinto okanye ukufikelela kwiipokotho ngaphandle kokuba bavile into ebonakala ngokukhawuleza njengenqanawa ekhutshwayo okanye isixhobo. Ukuba ngexesha elisemthethweni igosa liva oko kulula ukuba isixhobo, bangafikelela kuso baze basibambe. Imfundiso "ophando luvumela" ukuphazanyiswa kwento ebhantiweyo ukuba uphawu lwalo lubonakala ngokukhawuleza ngokuchukumisa ngexesha lefrisk esemthethweni.
Urhulumente omninzi unemithetho yokumisa nokubophelela efuna ukuba unike igama lakho nolwazi olusisiseko xa uvalelwe ngokusemthethweni. Noko ke, akuyomfuneko ukuba uphendule eminye imibuzo okanye unike uchazo ngexesha longquzulwano. Ukuqonda iimfuno ezithile zelizwe lakho kubalulekile, njengokuba imithetho itshintshatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kumacala omhlaba.
Iindawo zokukhangela ze-DUI kunye neMimiselo yoMda
Iindawo zokuhlola i-DUI kunye nokumisa imida yokugada kusebenza phantsi kwemithetho ekhethekileyo yesiHlaliso sesine. INkundla Ephakamileyo iye yathi iindawo zokuhlola ukuphulwa kwesimilo eziqhutywa kakuhle azingqubani nezokuphelisa ukuhlaziywa kwezoNyakatho-mthetho wesine, nangona zibandakanya ukumisa izithuthi ngaphandle kokukrokraza okungokwabantu ngabanye. Noko ke, iikompathi zokuhlola kufuneka zilandele imigaqo emiselwe kwangaphambili yokuba izithuthi zime ngayiphi nayiphi na indlela, zivakaliswe phambi kwaphambi kwexesha, kwaye ziqhutywe ngendlela enciphisa ukungeneka noloyiko.
Kwindawo yokuhlola iDuI, kufuneka ume xa ukhokelwa, kodwa amalungelo akho malunga nombuzo nokuphengulula ahlala ehleli. Kufuneka unikezele iphepha-mvume lakho kunye nobhaliso, kodwa akuyomfuneko ukuba uphendule imibuzo yokuba ubusela okanye uvela phi. Noko ke, ukuba abaphathi baphawula iimpawu zokunxila, banokuba nonobangela wophando oluthe chatha, kuquka iimvavanyo zokungalawuleki.
Ukuphengulula umda kusetyenziswa nangakumbi kwimigangatho yeSine soHlaziyo esiphucukileyo. Kwimida yezizwe ngezizwe kunye nezinto ezilinganayo (njengeenqwelo-moya zezizwe ngezizwe), amagosa asekuhlaleni asenokuqhuba inkqubo yokukhangela abantu nempahla ngaphandle kokukrokreleka. Uphando oluninzi lokuhlasela lufuna ukukrokra okusengqiqweni, ngelixesha uphengululo olugqithisileyo olufana nokuphengulula imigca ephakathi kwe-U. La mandla anwebekileyo anwenwa ngezo ndawo athelekisa i-100 leekhilomitha zomda ze-U.S.
Amaqhinga Asebenzisekayo Okudibana Kwamapolisa
Ukwazi amalungelo akho kusisiqingatha sedabi; ukuqonda indlela yokuwasebenzisa ngokunempumelelo nangendlela ekhuselekileyo ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa ehlabathi liphela kubaluleke ngokufanayo. La maqhinga alandelayo anokukunceda ukhusele amalungelo akho omgaqo-siseko ngoxa unciphisa ubungozi bokungaqondani.
Hlala Uzolile Yaye Unentlonelo
Enoba uvakalelwa njani ngenkcaso, ukulondoloza isimilo esizolileyo nesontlonelo kubalulekile. Ukuba nempikiswano, ukuba nomsindo, okanye ukumelana nomzimba kungandisa imeko, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba utyholwe ngakumbi njengokuxhathisa ukubanjwa okanye ukuziphatha okungalungelelananga. Kwanokuba ukholelwa ukuba igosa liyalwaphula amalungelo akho, isitrato asiyondawo yokuthetha ngemibandela echanekileyo yomgaqo-siseko. Injongo yakho kufuneka ibe kukuphumelela ngokukhuselekileyo uze ugcine ukhetho lwakho olusemthethweni kamva.
Gcina izandla zakho zibonakala ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye phepha intshukumo ekhawulezileyo enokuthi ibonwe njengesoyikiso. Ukuba ufuna ukufikelela kwiphepha-mvume lakho, ukubhalisa, okanye amanye amaxwebhu, yazisa umphathi ngoko ukwenzayo phambi kwakho. Amagama alula afana "Iphepham lephepha-mvume likwingxowa yam yangasemva; ndizakulifikelela ngoku" angakunqanda ukungaqondani okuyingozi.
Ngokucacileyo Amalungelo Akho
Ngoxa ufanele uhlale unentlonelo, kwakhona kufuneka ugxininise ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo amalungelo akho omgaqo-siseko. Ukuthula kukodwa kungakwanele ukucela ilungelo lakho lokukhupha isiHlaliso sesihlanu ukuba uhlale uthule; iinkundla zibophelele ukuba umele uvakalise ngokucacileyo ukuba usebenzisa eli lungelo. Ngokufanayo, ukuba awufuni amapolisa ukuba aphengulule impahla yakho, kufuneka uthi ngokucacileyo: "Andikuvumi oku kuphanda."
Sebenzisa intetho ecacileyo nelula xa uqinisekisa amalungelo akho. Ibinzana elisebenzayo liquka:
- "Ngaba ndikhululekile ukuba ndihambe?"
- Andivumelani nanye into yokuphengulula.
- Ndiqhelisela ilungelo lam lokuba ndithi cwaka.
- Ndithanda ukuthetha negqwetha, ndingekaphenduli nanye imibuzo.
- Ndivalelwe na, Ndikhululekile na ukuba ndihambe?
Zibonele ukuba unawo amalungelo okanye unawo amangqina, ubungqina bawo bungabonakala bubalulekile. Amanye amazwe akuvumela ukuba ubhale ingxelo yamava amapolisa, nto leyo enokukunika ubungqina obubalulekileyo ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe.
Ayinakuvunywa Kuphendlo
Omnye weyona mithetho ibalulekileyo yokukhusela amalungelo akho okuHlaziya kweyesine kukungaze uvume ukuphengululwa ngaphandle kokuba uye wadibana negqwetha yaye uyiqonda ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo yalo. Ngokufuthi amapolisa acela ukuvuma ukuphengulula kuba akufuni ukufumana imvume okanye ukusungula isizathu esilindelekileyo. Ukuba uyavuma, uyakwazi ukuphelisa ukhuseleko lweSine Somthambeko ngenxa yoko kuphengululwa, kwaye nabuphi na ubungqina obufunyenweyo bungasetyenziswa nxamnye nawe.
Amagosa asenokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukufumana imvume, kuquka nokucebisa ukuba ukwala ukwamkela kukwenza ukhangeleke unetyala okanye ubonise ukuba baza kufumana isiqinisekiso. Musa ukoyikiswa zezi ndlela. Ukungavumi kwakho kunelungelo lomgaqo-siseko kwaye akunakusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni njengobungqina bokuziva unetyala. Ukuba amagosa ebenosizathu esaneleyo sokufumana isiqinisekiso, angenza njalo kunokuba acele imvume.
Khumbula ukuba imvume isenokulinganiselwa kumda. Ukuba uyavumelana nokuphengulula ngesizathu esithile, ungachaza ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezinokuphendwa nemvume yokurhoxa nangaliphi na ixesha. Noko ke, eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kukuchasa ngokuzolileyo kodwa ngokuqinileyo konke ukuphengulula kwaye uvumele abaphathi-mikhosi baqhubeke kumajelo asemthethweni afanelekileyo ukuba bakholelwa ukuba banezizathu zokuphengulula.
Uxwebhu Oluthi
Ukuba kunokwenzeka, bhala ingxelo yakho yamapolisa ngokufumana irekhodi yevidiyo, iingxelo ezibhaliweyo, okanye iingxelo zamangqina. Amazwe amaninzi avumela abemi ukuba babhale ingxelo yamapolisa awenza imisebenzi yawo kawonke-wonke, nangona amanye amazwe efuna imvume ephindwe kabini kwizixhobo ezirekhodiweyo. Ukuqonda imithetho yesizwe sakho yokushicilela kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukubhala ingxelo yokudibana.
Ukuba ukhetha ukubhala ingxelo, yazisa umphathi ukuba usenza njalo kwaye ugcina ifowuni yakho okanye isixhobo sokushicilela sibonakala. Musa ukuphazamisana nemisebenzi yegosa okanye wenze intshukumo egqwethekileyo enokuqondwa ngokuphosakeleyo. Ushicilelo kufuneka luthathe iingxelo zegosa, ukungqinelana kwamalungelo, neemeko jikelele zongquzulwano.
Emva kwesiganeko, bhala phantsi yonke into oyikhumbulayo ngokukhawuleza, kuquka igama lomphathi kunye nenombolo yebheji, ixesha nendawo, oko kwatshiwo, nokuba uyavuma na, namagama kunye nolwazi lokuqhagamshelana lwawo nawaphi na amangqina. Olu xwebhu lunokuba lukhulu ukuba kamva ufuna ukucel ’ umngeni umthetho wento eyenzekayo okanye ufako lwefayile isikhalazo.
Yazi Ixesha Lokucela Iathorineya
Ukuba ubanjwa okanye ukholelwa ukuba usisisulu sophando lolwaphulo-mthetho, ngoko nangoko cela ukuthetha negqwetha ngaphambi kokuphendula nayiphi na imibuzo. IsiHlanzi sokuLandlwa kweMimiselo seSithandathu siqinisekisa ilungelo lakho lokucebisa, kwaye ukucela eli lungelo akunakusetyenziswa kwinkundla. Xa ucela igqwetha, amapolisa kufuneka ayeke ukubuza de igqwetha lakho libe likho.
Qinisa kwaye ucace xa ucela igqwetha. Ngokulula uthi "Mandithethe negqwetha" kusenokungakwaneli ukucela amalungelo akho. Endaweni yoko, cacisani ngokucacileyo: "Ndicela ilungelo lam kwigqwetha kwaye andiyi kuphendula nayiphi na imibuzo ngaphandle kwegqwetha lam. Ngoko ke yithi cwaka nokuba amagosa asebenzisa amaqhinga ukukukhuthaza ukuthetha.
Musa ukuwela kwiqhinga eliqhelekileyo lamapolisa lokucebisa ukuba ukucela igqwetha kukwenze ubonakale unetyala okanye ukuncedisana ngoku kuya kukunceda kwityala lakho. Nayiphi na into onokuthi isenokusetyenziswa kwaye iza kusetyenziswa nxamnye nawe, kwanamazwi abonakala emsulwa anokujijwa okanye athatyathwe ngaphandle komongo. Amagqwetha anezigwebi acebise abantu ngokubanzi ukuba basebenzise ilungelo labo lokuhlala bethulile kwaye bacele isiluleko phambi kokuthetha namapolisa malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho.
Ukuqwalaselwa Ngokukhethekileyo Kwabemi Abaneengcuphe
Abanye abantu bajamelana nocelomngeni olukhethekileyo ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa kwaye kusenokufuneka ulwazi olungakumbi namaqhinga okukhusela amalungelo abo ngokunempumelelo. Ukuqonda ezi ngqwalasela zikhethekileyo kunokukunceda uqinisekise ukuba bonke abemi, kungakhathaliseki iimeko zabo, bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ukhuseleko lwabo lomgaqo-siseko.
Amaphulo Amancinane Namapolisa
Abantu abaselula banamalungelo afanayo omgaqo-siseko njengabantu abadala, kodwa basenokungawaqondi la malungelo yaye basenokuba bachanabeke ngakumbi kwingcinezelo yamapolisa. Amancinane afanele aqonde ukuba anelungelo lokuhlala athule aze acele umzali okanye igqwetha ngaphambi kokuba aphendule imibuzo. Noko ke, umthetho uyaqonda ukuba abantwana abangewaqondi ngokupheleleyo amalungelo abo, yaye iinkundla ziwahlolisisa ngenyameko ngakumbi amatsha kunalawo angabantu abadala.
Abazali bafanele bafundise abantwana babo ngesimilo esifanelekileyo ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa, bagxininise ukubaluleka kokuhlala bezolile, behlonela, yaye bewachaza ngokucacileyo amalungelo abo. Kwimimandla emininzi, kufuneka amapolisa enze imigudu esengqiqweni yokuqhagamshelana nabazali bomntwana ngaphambi kokuncina ityala, nangona oku kuyimfuneko kuyehluka ngokwemeko nemeko.
Izicwangciso zesikolo zibangela iingxaki ezongezelelekileyo, njengoko abafundi beye banciphisa ukukhuselwa kweSine soMphetho-mva-mva wesiGqeba ezikolweni. Amagosa ezikolo namagosa asebenza ngoovimba asenokuqhuba uphando olusekelwe ekukrokreleni okufanelekileyo kunokuba kungenxa yesizathu esifanelekileyo, kwaye umlinganiselo wokufuna okuvumelekileyo ubanzi kunakwezinye iimeko. Abafundi kufuneka baqonde ukuba iilokhwe zabo, iingxowa zabo, kwanabantu babo basenokuphengululwa ngokungenasizathu esithe ngqo xa bekwindawo yesikolo.
Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo
Abangangeniyo, kuquka abaphathi-mikhosi abasisigxina nabahlali abangabhalwanga ngokomthetho, abanamalungelo eSindululo sesine. Noko ke, ukunyanzeliswa kokufuduka kubangela ubunkimbinkimbi kunye nomngcipheko ongakumbi ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa. Abameli bofuduko neCustomment kunye ne-Choumests kunye ne-CBP yoKhuselo oluseMbindini (CP) banegunya eliphangaleleyo lokubuza abantu ngemeko yabo yokufuduka kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukuphendla ngokuncitshiswa kweMpanziswano-Mpanzi wesine.
Abantu abangangeniyo kwimizi-mali kufuneka bathwale amaxwebhu obume babo bokufuduka ngalo lonke ixesha, njengoko umthetho wesizwe ufuna ukuba abantu abathile abangengobemi bomnyaka babe namaxwebhu okubhalisa kwilizwe labo. Noko ke, unelungelo lokuhlala uthule ngemeko yakho yokufuduka nelizwe ovela kulo xa ubuzwa ngamapolisa asekuhlaleni, nangona oku kusenokungasebenzi kubaphathi bokufuduka okanye ekunqumleni imida.
Ukuba abameli beICE beza ekhayeni lakho, akuyomfuneko ukuba uvule ucango ngaphandle kokuba unesiqinisekiso sokugweba esityikitywe ngumgwebi. Imithetho yoorhulumente esayiniwe ngu-ICE kuphela ayiliniki igunya lokungena kwikhaya lakho ngaphandle kwemvume. Abangengobantu abajongene neziphumo zokufuduka kufuneka baqhagamshelane negqwetha elifuna ukufuduka ngaphambi kokuba bathethe nawo nawuphi na amagosa omthetho malunga nemeko okanye imisebenzi yabo.
Abantu Abaneziphene
Abantu abaneziphene emzimbeni, engqondweni okanye ekukhuleni basenokujamelana neengxaki ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa. Imiqobo yonxibelelwano, ukushukuma okuzenzekelayo, okanye isimilo esinxulumene neziphene ezithile zingaqondwa ngokuphosakeleyo ngamagosa njengokuxhathisa, ukunxila, okanye isimilo sokukrokrela. Abantu abaneziphene bafanele bacinge ngokuphatha ikhadi okanye isivalo sokuzichachasa ngemeko yabo kunye nazo naziphi na iimfuno zonxibelelwano ezikhethekileyo.
I-Merika enoMthetho weNdebe-mali (ADA) ifuna ukuba kumiselwe umthetho ukuba abantu abaneziphene bafumane indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo, kuquka ukutolika abantu abazizithulu okanye ukuvumela izilwanyana zihlale nabasebenzi bazo.
Ukuba unesiphene esichaphazela ukukwazi kwakho ukunxibelelana okanye ukuthobela imiyalelo yamapolisa, yazise igosa ngokucacileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ekuqaleni kokudibana. Amalungu entsapho kunye nabakhathaleli kufuneka bafundise abantu abaneziphene ngamalungelo abo baze baqhelisele iimpendulo ezifanelekileyo xa kunokwenzeka.
Oko Umele Ukwenze Ukuba Amalungelo Akho Aphulwayo
Phezu kwayo nje imigudu yakho yokuqinisekisa amalungelo akho, maxa wambi amapolisa asenokungawathobeli amaGama akho Ohlaziyo esine.
Umthetho Osisiphendu
Unyango lokuqala lokwaphulwa koMthetho wesine woMgaqo-nkqubo kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, oluthintela urhulumente ukuba asebenzise ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokuphanda okungekho mthethweni okanye ngokuxhuzula kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba amapolisa aphula amalungelo akho eSine SoMthetho-wiso-mthetho, igqwetha lakho lingafaka inyathelo lokuphelisa ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni, nto leyo enokuba nesiphumo sokugxothwa kwezityholo ukuba ubungqina obungacinywanga buyimfuneko kwityala lejaji.
Umthetho wokukhetha uquka "isiqhamo somthi onetyhefu" imfundiso, engabufaki nje kuphela ubungqina obufunyenwe ngqo ngeendlela ezingekho mthethweni kodwa ikwabubungqina obufunyenwe koko kungekho mthethweni kokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba amapolisa aphengulula ngokungekho mthethweni nto leyo ebakhokelela kubungqina, ubungqina obuphathekayo obusuka ekufuneni kunye nobungqiniweyo busenokukhutshwa ngaphandle.
Noko ke, umthetho wokuzikhulula uneentlobo ezininzi ezinokuvumela ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni ukuba busetyenziswe. Ezi ziquka imfundiso ezimeleyo yemvelaphi (ubungqina obufunyenwe ngomthombo ozimeleyo ngaphandle kophendlo olungekho mthethweni), imfundiso engenakuphepheka yokufunyanwa (ukufunyanwa okuya kuba kufunyaniswe ngokwendlela esemthethweni), kunye nomahluko wokholo olulungileyo (xa amagosa enyanisekile exhomekeke kwisiqinisekiso esinesiphene). Igqwetha elinamava lokuzikhusela elinamava lingavavanya enoba ezi zinto ziyasebenza kwimeko yakho.
Izikhalazo Eziziintsizi
Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba umphathi waphula amalungelo akho okanye wenza into engafanelekanga, ungafaka isikhalazo kwicandelo langaphakathi lesebe lamapolisa okanye kwibhodi yabaveleli. Amasebe amaninzi aneenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo zokukhalaza, nangona ukuphumelela kwezi nkqubo kungafani ngokubanzi. Xa kusenziwa isikhalazo, nikeza iinkcukacha ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kuquka igama legosa kunye nenombolo yebheji, umhla nendawo yesiganeko, kunye namagama awo nawuphi na amangqina.
Uxwebhu lunento yonke enxulumene nesikhalazo sakho, kuquka iikopi zazo zonke iintlobo ezingenisiweyo, amagama abantu othetha nabo, kunye nazo naziphi na iimpendulo ozifumanayo. Landela rhoqo kwimeko yakho, njengoko amanye amasebe esenokucotha ukuphanda okanye ukuphendula. Lumka ukuba uphando lwemicimbi yangaphakathi luyimfihlelo, kwaye usenokungaxelelwa ngesiphumo okanye nasiphi na isenzo sokuqeqesha esithatyathwa.
Ukongezelela kwizikhalazo zangaphakathi, ungafaka izikhalazo ngamaqumrhu angaphandle ajongele phantsi njengegqwetha eliqhelekileyo leeofisi zephondo, iSebe leSizwe loLuntu lwaMalungelo e-U.S. okanye iibhodi zohlolo lwasekuhlaleni. La masebe angaphandle asenokuba nenkululeko negunya lokuhlola ukuziphatha okubi okunzulu, ingakumbi ukuba abandakanya imigaqo yokwaphulwa komgaqo-siseko okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamalungelo abantu.
Imithetho engokwamalungelo abantu
Phantsi kwama-42 eCandelo lase-U.S.C., ungafaka ityala lamapolisa ngokuchasene namagosa kunye namasebe ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo akho angokomGaqo-siseko, kuquka ukwaphulwa kweMpatho-siseko wesi-mthetho wesine. Oku kumangalelwa kungafuna umonakalo wemali ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwe ngenxa yokwaphulwa, kwanokukhululeka ekuthinteleni ukwaphulwa kwemithetho kwixesha elizayo. Icandelo loweThupha lowe-1998 eliphumeleleyo lingaphumela kwintlawulo lwemali neenguqu-nkqubo ezingundoqo kwisebe lamapolisa.
Noko ke, ukumangalelwa kwamalungelo abantu kujongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo, ingakumbi imfundiso yokukhusela ukufaneleka kwetyala, ekhusela amagosa karhulumente ngaphandle kokuba aphule ngokucacileyo "azinzileyo" amalungelo omGaqo-siseko umphathi osengqiqweni ebeyakwaziwa ngawo. Lo mlinganiselo uphezulu wenza kube nzima ukuba amagosa aphendulwe ngokophulwa komgaqo-siseko, njengoko iinkundla zidla ngokufumanisa ukuba iimeko ezithile zetyala azimiselwanga ngokucacileyo ngamaxesha angaphambili.
Ukuba ucinga ngokumangalelwa ngamalungelo abantu, jongana negqwetha elinolwazi olukummandla womthetho. La matyala anzima, axabisa kakhulu, afuna ubungqina obuninzi kunye nobungqina obungochwepheshe. Amagqwetha amaninzi amalungelo abantu asebenza ngokungqinelana, okuthetha ukuba aqokelela kuphela iindleko ukuba uphumelele kwityala lakho, kodwa azakuthatha amatyala ngobungqina obunamandla nomonakalo omkhulu.
Iingcamango Eziqhelekileyo Ngamalungelo Okuhlaziywa Kwesine
Imbono ephosakeleyo ngamalungelo oMbetho wesine ixhaphakile kwaye inokubakhokelela abemi ekulahleni imigaqo yabo engafanelekanga okanye ngokungekho ngqiqweni balindele ukukhuselwa okungekhoyo. Ukususwa kwezi ngcamango kubalulekile ukuze baqonde amalungelo akho angoko ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa.
Intsomi: Amapolisa Amele Afunde Amalungelo Akho Ebudeni Bazo Zonke Iintlanganiso
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba amapolisa kufuneka afunde izilumkiso zeMiranda ("Unelungelo lokuhlala uthulile...") xa usebenzisana nawe. Oku kububuxoki. Izilumkiso zeMiranda zifuneka kuphela xa uvalelwe kwaye uncinwa. Ukuba awubanjwanga okanye ukuba amapolisa akakubuzi imibuzo, abanambopheleleko yokukufundela amalungelo akho. Nokuba amapolisa akakwazi ukukunika izilumkiso uMirnda xa kufuneka, oku akukwenzi ungabi namsebenzi, oko kwenza ukuba ubhaptizwe ngetyala, kodwa kwenza ukuba uthethele enkundleni.
Intsomi: Ukwala Ukuvuma Ukuphengululwa Kubangela Ukuba Amapolisa Akwazi Ukuzibamba
Abanye abantu banoloyiko lokuba ukwala ukwamkela ukuphengulula kuya kunika isizathu esilindelekileyo sokuphendla okanye kubenza babonakale benetyala. Oku akuchananga. Ukwala ukwamkela ukuphengululwa kunelungelo lakho lomGaqo-siseko kwaye akunakusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni njengobungqina obunokwenzeka okanye njengobungqina betyala. Ukuba amapolisa ebenosizathu esilindelekileyo sokuphendla, bekungayi kufuna mfuneko yakho. Ukungavumi kwakho ukukhusela amalungelo akho kunye namapolisa ukulandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ezingokwasemthethweni.
Inkolelo: Amapolisa Anokukhangela Inqwelo - mafutha Yakho Nanini Na Xa Kumiswa Uhambo
Ngoxa amapolisa enegunya eliphangaleleyo lokuphengulula izithuthi kunamakhaya, abanakuyiphengulula inqwelo-mafutha yakho ngexesha ngalinye lokumisa kweenqwelo-mafutha. Amagosa asenokuphengulula inqwelo-mafutha yakho ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso ukuba anokukholelwa ukuba iqulethe ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukungekho mthethweni. Bangaqhuba uphando olulinganiselweyo kwikhompathimenti yabakhweli ukuba banokukrokra ngobuchule ukuba uyingozi kwaye banokufikelela kwisixhobo. Noko ke, ukumiswa kwendlela eqhelekileyo yenqwelo-mafutha yempompo encinane akuyivumelinga ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphendla.
Intsomi: Amagosa Angaphantsi Kwento Amele Azazi Ukuba Abuzwa
Ngokwahlukileyo kwinkolelo ethandwayo, akuyomfuneko ukuba amapolisa azazise njengamapolisa ukuba uyababuza ngqo. Amagosa asenokuxoka ngokokwazi kwabo nangokusebenza kwabo njengenxalenye yemisebenzi efihlakeleyo. Le ntsomi isenokuba ibangelwa kukudideka ngemigibe, eyile ngcamango yasemthethweni ebandakanya ukuphembelela umntu ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho ebengalufuni.
Intsomi: Ukuba Amapolisa Awaphula Amalungelo Akho, Ityala Lakho Liza Kupheliswa
Ngoxa ukwaphulwa koMgaqo-nkqubo wesine kungaphumela ekucinyweni kobungqina, oku akuthethi ukuba ityala lakho liza kupheliswa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba ityala linobungqina obaneleyo obufunyanwa ngokusetyenziswa ngumthetho, ityala lakho lingaqhubeka nokuba ubungqina bungakhutshwanga. Ngaphezu koko, ukungavumelani nomthetho wokuzikhetha okungavumelekanga kuvumele ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni ukuba busetyenziswe kwiimeko ezithile. Impembelelo yokwaphulwa koMgaqo-jiko-jiko-jiko-zincwadi wesine ixhomekeke kwityala lakho, nemfuneko yobungqina obungachazwangachatshazelwanga.
Indima Yobugcisa Kwiimpikiswano Zokuhlaziywa Kwesine Kwezi mini
Ubuxhakaxhaka buye bawuguqula ngokuphawulekayo umthetho weSine soHlaziyo, bedala imingeni emitsha kwiinkundla ezizama ukusebenzisa imigaqo ye-18 ekwiqondo lama-21 lenkulungwane yomgaqo-siseko kubuchule bokuhlola. Ukuqonda indlela ubugcisa obuchaphazela ngayo amalungelo akho okuzimela wedwa kubaluleke ngakumbi kwixesha lamanani.
Ukukhangela Umnxeba Oseziseleni
Kwityala eliphawula u-2014 [[FLT: 0] Riley v. California, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yathi amapolisa afuna isiqinisekiso sokuphengulula iziqulatho zeselfowuni, kwanaxa ifowuni ibanjiwe ibanjwa ngokusemthethweni. INkundla yaqonda ukuba ii-cellphone zale mihla zinenkcukacha ezininzi zobuqu ezityhila iinkcukacha ezinzulu ngobomi bomntu, zivumela ukhuseleko olunamandla lwe-Grandmeter.
Noko ke, olu khuselo aluphelelanga. Amapolisa angahlola ngaphandle kwemfonomfono kwaye angafumana ulwazi olubonakalayo kwikhusi lokutshixa ngaphandle kwemvume. Kwiimeko zongxamiseko ezibandakanya ingozi ekufuphi, amagosa angakhangela umnxeba ngaphandle kwemvume phantsi kweemeko ezichaphazelekayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba uyavuma kuphendlo lwemfono, amagosa angahlola okuqulethwe yiyo ngaphandle kwemvume. Ungaze uvule umnxeba wakho ukuze ufumane amapolisa okanye unike ikhowudi yakho ngaphandle kokubuza igqwetha.
Ukukhangela i-GPS kunye nogcino-lwazi lwendawo
INkundla ePhakamileyo ithethe ngeGPS ijonga ugcino lweziko kwimizekelo emininzi ebalulekileyo. United States v. Jones, iNkundla yabamba ukuba ukudibanisa isixhobo seGPS kwisithuthi nokuhlola intshukumo yaso kubumba uphendlo phantsi koMphetho-Mdathi wesine. Kutshanje, Carbert v. United States, iNkubonelo yagqiba kwelokuba ukufikelela idata yendlela yeselula yefowuni kwizithuthi zentambo zekhompyutha kufuna isiqinisekiso, ukuqonda ukuba olu lwazi lwazi lunika umzobo osondeleyo wobomi bomntu kunye nonxulumano.
Ezi zigqibo zimela ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo lwemfihlo yamanani, kodwa imibuzo emininzi ayiphendulwanga. Umlinganiselo apho amapolisa afuna khona imfuneko yokufumana indawo yexesha lokwenene, ugcino-lwazi lwendawo olusuka kwiinkqubo neenkonzo, okanye ulwazi oluvela kwizixhobo ezikrelekrele zasekhaya luyaqhubeka luguquka ngokuqhubeka.
Unxibelelwano lwamajelo eendaba nawamanani
Iindawo zakho zonxibelelwano kunye nonxibelelwano lwezicwangciso zekhompyutha zifumana umlinganiselo owahlukeneyo weSine Sosasazo esixhomekeke kwizicwangciso zakho zobuqu nakwindlela onxibelelana ngayo. Iindawo zoluntu kwiqonga lee-intanethi azinakhuseleko lungako, njengoko ungenalo ulindelo olusengqiqweni lokufumana imfihlo kulwazi oluluthethayo noluntu ngokubanzi. Kodwa ke, imiyalezo neebhanile kunye neebhanile ezimiselwe abantu abathile zinokufumana ukhuseleko olungakumbi.
Imfundiso yesithathu yenza ukhuseleko lwamanani anzima. Phantsi kwale mfundiso, ulwazi olunika ngokuzithandela kumaqela amathathu, njengawo abanikezeli be-imeyili okanye iinkampani zezentlalo-ntle, lungakhuselwa nguMphengululo wesine kuba awunalo ulindelo olusengqiqweni lwemfihlo kulwazi olwabelana ngalo nabanye. Noko ke, i-Carcenter isigqibo sicebisa ukuba iinkundla zisenokuwuqwalasela kwakhona umlinganiselo wemfundiso yecandelo lesithathu kwisizukulwana samanani.
Ubuxhakaxhaka bokwandisa
Amaziko okunyanzelisa imithetho ngokuqhubekayo asebenzisa ubugcisa obuntsonkothileyo bokuhlola, kuquka iinkqubo zolwamkelo lobuso, ukufundwa kwepleyiti yelayisensi, ii-drones, kunye nee-algorithms ezithenjiweyo zobu buchule. Iziphumo zoMgaqo-nkqubo wesine zobu buxhakaxhaka zisagqitywa ngokucaciswa nangomthetho. Amanye amaziko amisela imithetho ethintela ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa obuthile bokuhlola, ngoxa amanye aye amisela ukuvela nokubekwa kokukhanya kunye neemfuno zolawulo.
Abemi kufuneka baqonde ukuba banokulawulwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuxhakaxhaka bobugcisa kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kwaye ukukhuselwa okusemthethweni ekujongweni okunjalo kusakhula. Ukuhlala benolwazi ngobugcisa bokuhlola obusetyenziswayo ekuhlaleni kwakho kwaye baxhase amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuvelela anokuba luncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inkqubela-phambili yobugcisa ayiwaphelisi amalungelo asisiseko emfihlo.
Utshintsho lwemithetho yephondo kuMgaqo-nkqubo wesine
Ngeli xesha iSinyusi sesine simisela umgangatho womGaqo-siseko wesizwe wokuphanda nokukhusela ukuphangwa, urhulumente ngamnye anganikela ukhuseleko olungakumbi phantsi komgaqo-siseko nemithetho yakhe. Ukuqonda imithetho engqalileyo karhulumente wakho kubalulekile ekulazini ngokupheleleyo amalungelo akho ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa.
Comment
Kumalunga nama-24 amaziko anemithetho yokumisa nokukhupha i-odolo efuna abantu ukuba banike igama labo kwaye maxa wambi ulwazi olongezelelekileyo lwalatha amapolisa ngexesha lokumisa okusemthethweni kukaTerry. Iimfuno ezithile ziyahluka-hluka ngurhulumente, ezinye zifuna ulwahlulo lomlomo kuphela kunye namanye afuna amaxwebhu olwazi oluphathekayo. Kumazwe ngaphandle kokumisa nokuzibophelela, awunayo imbopheleleko yokuzazi ukuba uqhuba inqwelo-mafutha okanye ubamba.
Ukwala ukuzichaza xa kufunwa umthetho ukuba wenze njalo kungaphumela ekuboshweni ngenxa yesithinteli okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho olukhethekileyo lokumisa nokumisa. Kodwa ke, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba umphathi uthe wanengcinga esengqiqweni yokukuthintela phambi kokuba anikezele ukuchaza, njengoko kufuneka kuphela ukuba uzichaze ngexesha lokuvalelwa okusemthethweni, hayi ngexesha lesiganeko esingesosigunyaziso.
Ukushicilela Amapolisa
Iinkundla zesiphaluka ezininzi zephondo ziluvolile ilungelo lokurekhoda amapolisa ukuba enze imisebenzi yawo kawonke-wonke, kodwa imithetho karhulumente ephathelele ukushicilela isandi yahlukile. Amanye amazwe afuna imvume ephindwe kabini yokushicilela isandi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kufuneka wazise umphathi ukuba ubhala. Amanye amaphondo afuna imvume enye kuphela, akuvumele ukuba ubhale ngaphandle kokuxelela umphathi. Ukuqonda imithetho yoshicilelo karhulumente kungakunceda ukhuphe amavandla ngaphandle kokwaphula imithetho esetyenziswa yimimiselo.
Ukukhangela Imalijena Nevehicle
Njengoko amazwe amaninzi ebhalisa ngokusemthethweni umya ukuze asebenzise unyango okanye ukuzihlaziya, iinkundla ziyaphikisana nokuba ivumba lomya linika isizathu esinokwenzeka sokuphengulula imoto. Kumaphondo apho umya usemthethweni, ezinye iinkundla ziye zathi ivumba aliqiniseki ngokuzenzekelayo kuba ivumba linokuvela kumya. Amanye amazwe ayaqhubeka evumela ukuphengululwa okusekelwe kwivumba lomya. Le ndawo ijikeleza ngokukhawuleza yomthetho iyahluka ngokomlinganiselo.
Ukhuseleko lomGaqo-siseko weSizwe olwenziwa wandulelwa
Ezinye iinkundla zeli lizwe ziye zachaza umgaqo-siseko wazo wesizwe ukulungiselela ukhuseleko olungakumbi lwemfihlo kunoMthetho-siseko weSine wezwe. Umzekelo, amanye amaphondo awaluqondi ukholo olulungileyo ngaphandle komthetho osusiweyo, kufuneka imfuneko kwiimeko apho umthetho karhulumente ungakhange ukhuseleke ngakumbi xa ukhangela inqwelo-mafutha. Ukubuza igqwetha lasekuhlaleni eliqhelene nomthetho-mgaqo-siseko wesizwe kunokukunceda uqonde ngokupheleleyo umgangatho wamalungelo akho.
Ukufundisa Amalungelo Okuhlaziywa Kwesine Kwabanye
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho oMmiselo wesine kubalulekile, kodwa ukwabelana ngolu lwazi namalungu entsapho, ingakumbi abantu abaselula abasenokuba ngamaxhoba angakumbi ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa, kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Ukudala inkqubo yokufundisa yomgaqo-siseko kuyanceda ekukhuseleni abantu bonke yaye kukhuthaza ukubekwa komthetho.
Ukufundisa Abantu Abaselula
Abazali nabafundisi-mfundo kufuneka bancokole ngokuphandle nabantu abaselula ngamalungelo abo nangeembopheleleko zabo ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa. Ezi ngxubusho kufuneka zigxininise ukubaluleka kokuhlala uzolile nokuhlonelana ngoxa zikwaqinisekisa ngokucacileyo amalungelo omgaqo-siseko. Ukudlala imidlalo eyahlukileyo kunokukunceda ulutsha luqhelisele iimpendulo ezifanelekileyo kwimeko-bume ephantsi.
Iingongoma eziphambili ezigxininiswa kubantu abaselula ziquka ilungelo lokubuza ukuba bakhululekile kusini na, ilungelo lokungavumi ukuphendla, ilungelo lokungathethi, nokubaluleka kokucela umzali okanye igqwetha ngaphambi kokuphendula imibuzo. Kwakhona abantu abaselula bafanele baqonde ukuba abamele bawachase amapolisa ngokwasemzimbeni, kwanokuba bakholelwa ukuba amalungelo abo aphulwa, njengoko oku kunokuthi kubangele ukutyholwa okunzulu nokwenzakala emzimbeni.
Imfundo Yasekuhlaleni Yaye Wazi Iindawo Zokusebenzela Amalungelo Akho
Uluntu oluninzi lungenelwa kumaziko anika imfundo esebenzisekayo malunga nokhuseleko loMgaqo-nkqubo wesine kunye namava eenkqubo zamapolisa. La majelo, adla ngokuqhutywa yimibutho elwela amalungelo abantu, imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni, okanye amaqela asekuhlaleni, anika abemi amathuba okufunda ngamalungelo abo, ukubuza imibuzo, nokuqhelisela ukuqinisekisa amalungelo abo kwiimeko ezifanisiweyo.
Ukuthabatha inxaxheba okanye ukulungelelanisa le migudu yemfundo kunganceda ukwakha ulwazi kunye nokunyamezela. Xa abemi bewaqonda amalungelo abo kwaye beziva benikwe amandla okuwasebenzisa ngentlonelo, kungaphucula ulwalamano lwamapolisa kunye nokunciphisa ukwaphulwa komgaqo-siseko. Cinga ukufikelela kwiintlangano ezifana ne- American Liberes Union (ACLU) okanye imibutho yoluntu esemthethweni ukufumana okanye ukulungiselela uqeqesho lwamalungelo akho kuluntu.
Oovimba bolwazi oluthe vetshe
Ukuqhubeka ufunda ngamalungelo oMphetho-mda wesine nokuqhubeka uhambisana nomthetho kubalulekile ukuze ukhusele imiqathango yakho.
Imibutho Esemthethweni Namaqela Obusela
Imibutho emininzi yesizwe inikela ubuncwane obubalaseleyo kumalungelo oMbetho wesine kunye namava amapolisa. Isibonelelo soluntu saseMelika esinguMbindini i-Union (ACLU) inika izikhokelo ezibanzi, ulwazi-amalungelo ezinto zakho, kunye neenkqubo zeselula zenzelwe ukunceda abemi ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa. Iwebhusayithi yabo ku www.aclu.org[ iqulethe ulwazi olungokwasemthethweni kunye noncedo oluhlaziyiweyo oluthe rhoqo kumalungelo omgaqo-siseko.
I- National Association of Criminal Lavers (NACDL) inika ubuncwane obuvela kwigcisa elikhuselayo, inikela uluvo ngendlela ukhuseleko lwesine lokuLandela ukhuseleko olusebenzayo ngayo. I-Ectronic Foundation Foundation (EFFF) ku-' www.eff.]
Isiseko Sesiseko Sezogcino-lwazi Esisemthethweni Nezigqibo ZeNkundla
Abo banomdla wokufunda izigqibo zokwenene zenkundla kunye nophuhliso loMphetho-Mgaqo-nkqubo wesine, ii-database ezininzi ezikhululekileyo zomthetho zinikezela ukufikelela kumthetho ongokwasemthethweni. ISiko lolwazi loLwimi eCornell Law School inikeza ukufikelela okukhululekileyo kwizigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye nohlalutyo olusemthethweni ku-' www.gnow.corel.u[.]
Ukulandela ii-globs ezisemthethweni kunye nemithombo yeendaba egubungela imiba yeSihlaziyo sesine kungakunceda ukuba uhlale usebenza ngokuhambelana nomthetho ophuhlisiweyo. SCOTBlog inikela ingxubusho entle kakhulu yamatyala eNkundla Ephakamileyo, kuquka lawo abandakanya imicimbi yeSine soMmiselo, ngoxa iingxelo ezininzi ezingokwasemthethweni zigxininisa ngqo kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neenkqubo zomthetho zomgaqo-siseko.
Iinkqubo ezihambayo kunye nezixhobo zamanani
Iinkqubo eziliqela ezihambayo ziphuhlisiwe ukunceda abemi ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa. I-ACLU ivelise "Ubulungisa Besigqeba" iinkqubo ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babhale amava amapolisa, bafumane izilumkiso malunga neziganeko ezikufuphi, kunye nokufikelela kolwazi-amalungelo akho. Ezi zicelo zingafaka ushicilelo olurekhodiweyo kwi-ACLU, zigcina ubungqina nokuba ifowuni yakho ibanjiwe okanye yonakele.
Ezinye iinkqubo zinika ufikelelo olukhawulezileyo kulwazi olungokwasemthethweni, igqwetha lonxibelelwano, kunye nokhokelo lwendlela-mkhondo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelwano lwamapolisa. Ngeli xesha ezi zixhobo zinokuba luncedo, khumbula ukuba azikho izinto ezithabathela indawo icebiso elingokwasemthethweni elivela kwigqwetha elifanelekileyo kulawulo lwakho.
Isiphelo: Ukunikwa Amandla Ngolwazi
UMthetho wesine umela ukukhusela okusisiseko ekuphathweni ngurhulumente, umisela umgaqo wokuba abemi banelungelo lokuzimela nokuzikhusela kubantu babo, kumakhaya nakwimpahla yabo. Ukuqonda ezi nkuselo zomGaqo-siseko nokwazi indlela yokuziqinisa ngexesha lonxibelelwano lwamapolisa kubalulekile kummi ngamnye waseMerika. Ngoxa umthetho unokuba ntsonkothile kwaye uqhubeke uguqula, ingakumbi ngenxa yenkqubela yobugcisa, imigaqo esisiseko ayitshintshi: ukuphengulula nokuxhuzula kumele kube sengqiqweni, imfuneko yokuba kufuneke izizathu nemvume engokokubandakanywa kwetyala, kwaye abemi banelungelo lokwala ukuvuma nokuhlala bethe cwaka.
Ukusebenzisa amalungelo akho oMmiselo wesine akuthethi ukuba ungabi nantsebenziswano okanye uchase ukugcinwa komthetho. Kunoko, kumalunga nokugcina ulungelelwano lomgaqo-siseko phakathi kokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye eyamiselwa ngabaseki neso sizukulwana samaMerika abaye balwa ukuze balondolozwe. Amagosa asepolitiki anemisebenzi enzima neyingozi, kwaye inkoliso yawo isebenza imisebenzi yawo ngobuchule nangomgaqo-siseko. Noko ke, inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela isebenza kuphela xa abemi bewaqonda amalungelo abo kwaye bewasebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Khumbula ukuba ulwazi lunamandla, kodwa ulwazi ludibene nokuthethelelwa ngokuzolileyo, ngentlonelo ngamalungelo akho lunamandla ngakumbi. Enoba umiswe esitratweni, utsalwe emotweni yakho, okanye ujongwe namapolisa ekhayeni lakho, unemiqathango ekhusela umthetho ekuthinteleni oko kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kokuzithethelela. Ngokuwaqonda la malungelo, uwafundisa kwabanye, kwaye uwasebenzisa xa kuyimfuneko, unegalelo kwibutho labantu apho imigaqo yomgaqo-siseko ingeyongcamango nje engekhona nto ibonakalayo kodwa ikhusela umntu ngamnye.
UHlomelo lwesine lukhusele amaMerika ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini, kodwa ukuqhubeka kwawo eqinile kuxhomekeke kumntu onolwazi ozimisele ukuqinisekisa nokukhusela la malungelo. Zinike ixesha lokuzifundisa, wabelane ngolu lwazi nentsapho yakho kunye nebutho lakho, uze ukhumbule ukuba amalungelo akho omgaqo-siseko anamandla kuphela ngokukulungela kwakho ukuwasebenzisa. Ngokwenjenjalo, uya kuhlonela umbono wabaQulumisi yaye unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo ziya kunandipha ukukhuselwa nokukhuselwa ngokungekho ngqiqweni nako ukupheliswa okuqinisekisa okubangelwa nguMphengululo weSine.