Kwixesha apho ulwazi luhamba ngesantya sokucofa nokufumana ulwazi oluphosakeleyo lunokunwenwa ngokukhawuleza kunenyaniso, ukukwazi ukuvavanya imithombo kusenokuba sisiseko sokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezentlalo. Suku ngalunye, abemi bagcwaliswa ngentloko-ndaba epheleleyo, ii-papapasss zezentlalo-mbini, iinkcazo, kunye neemfuno zemfundo zemfundo-lwazi, kunye nokuthelekelela kwemfundo. Ngaphandle kwendlela ethembekileyo yokwahlula ubungqina obuqinisekileyo kwingxolo, kwanabantu abazimiseleyo banokulahlekiswa, ngokungaziqondisi, ukuvelisa ubuxoki okanye ukwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kugcino-lwazi olungaphelelangaphelelanga. Izibo zoonobumba, iimbono zethu zokuxhasa imigaqo-ntle yoluntu, ubunjani obuseluntluntwini olunelungela ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembeka.

Ukubaluleka Kokukhupha Izinto Eziyingozi

Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba imvelaphi ijonge izinto linyathelo lokuqala lokuzenza umkhwa. Kwibutho lobudemokhrasi, abemi abanolwazi baseka isiseko sentetho yesidlangalala elungileyo. Xa abantu benokuyihlolisisa ngokuphandle inkcazelo abayifumanayo, baxhotyiswe bhetele ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwiingxoxo ezakhayo, balugatye uqhatho, kwaye bagcine amaziko ebeke ityala. Nazi izizathu ezininzi ezingundoqo zokuba obu buchule bubaluleke:

  • Iziphumo ezikhutshwayo ezibangela ukuba uhambe ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa kwento. Iqeqesha ingqondo yakho ukubuza imibuzo, ukujonga, kunye nobunzima bobungqina, iincam eziguqulela kummandla ngamnye wobomi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ezintsontelayo Cvic Accement: Abemi abafundekileyo basengozini yokuvota, yokusebenza ngokuzithandela, yokuya kwiiholo zedolophu, nokuxhasa izinto abazikholelwayo. Xa wazi ukuba ulwazi lwakho luqinile, usebenza ngentembelo enkulu nenjongo.
  • I Repuces Mistformation: I-Mistinformation ayidibanisi nje abantu − kuphelisa ukuthembana kwamaqela kunye nomahluko phakathi kwabantu. Ngokukhetha nokugatya iingcamango zobuxoki okanye ezilahlekisayo, unceda ukuphelisa ubunyaniso bobu ntsholongwane.
  • I-Democratic Norms: Izixhobo zokukhetha ezibunjwe kakuhle zibalulekile kulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Xa abemi bebelana ngeseti eqhelekileyo yezibakala eziqinisekisiweyo, ingxoxo yenkqubo ingajolisa kumaxabiso nezisombululo kunokuba ijolise kwizinto ezisisiseko.
  • Icebo lobuxoki lempilo, uqhathako lwemali, neengcamango eziyingozi zeqhinga zingabangela umonakalo wokwenene. Uvavanyo lomthombo lukhusela ekukholweni nasekusebenziseni iingcamango eziyingozi.

Ngokwe 2020 uphando lweZiko lophando olusezantsi , amaMelika afumana iindaba ngokuyintloko kumaziko eendaba abonakala engenalwazi ngeziganeko zangoku kwaye asenokufumana iziphumo ezingaqinisekiswanga. Oku kugxininisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yobuchule bovavanyo olomeleleyo kuzo zonke iindidi zabantu.

Indlela Engundoqo Yomthombo Wokuphuma

Xa uvavanya nayiphi na imvelaphi yolwazi, indlela ecwangcisiweyo ithembeke kakhulu kunethumbu lemveli. Abasebenzi belibharbha kunye neengcali zolwazi baye bavelisa izakhiwo eziliqela kwiminyaka emininzi, kodwa eyona migaqo isisiseko inokukhunjulwa nge-acrinym ABCDE: Agunya, i-Bias, i-Unication, kunye nobungqina. Ngezantsi, imilinganiselo nganye ihlolwa ngobunzulu.

Igunya: Ngubani Obangela Le Nguqulelo?

Qalisa ngokubuza: Ngubani owabhala okanye wapapasha oku? Igunya likarhulumente alibhekiseli nje kwisiqinisekiso esikwiphepha(ii-emontrable shortry kunye nokuphendula. Jonga igama lombhali, i-quaged complity, imvelaphi ephambili, kunye nengxelo yempapasho. Unjingalwazi ohloniphekileyo weyunivesithi, umbutho karhulumente, okanye uchwepheshe wezoshishino owaziwayo weshishini uthwala ubunzima obungaphezulu kunomntu ongaziwayo. Noko ke, qwalasela kwakhona ukuba umbhali unengxaki ecacileyo yenzala. Umzekelo, ukhuphozo lwenkampani ethengisa amayeza ngeziyobisi zayo lungachaziwe ngokuchanekileyo kodwa uswele ukuzimela kolindixesha oselula.

Xa uvavanya umbutho, khangela ingxelo yawo, imithombo yenkxaso-mali, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yomhleli. Amaqela ajongileyo anjenge Snopets okanye Allides[ itshati yochaphazeleko lonogada-lwazi ingakunceda uqonde ukuthembeka kwenkcazelo ephumayo. Khumbula: igunya alifani nodumo. I-virusweet ephuma kwi-clebrate ayiqhelekanga ukuba ngumthombo onegunya kwinkqubo okanye kwinzululwazi.

Baas: Yiyiphi imbono ekhoyo?

Imvelaphi nganye inembono", isitshixo sinokuba loo mbono ikhokelela ekujijekeni okanye ekucinezeleni ubungqina obuchaseneyo. UBias angabonakala ngolwimi (amagama agcweleyo afana “nentsingiselo”” okanye“ ingqiqo eqhelekileyo”), ukukhetha izibakala (umo obalulekileyo), kunye nokujikajija (ukumela icala elinye njengelizinzisiweyo ngexa uphatha elinye njengempempeta). Ukuvavanya imbono, funda kamva: jonga oko kuthethwa ngabanye abaphulaphuli abajolise kulo mbandela mntwini omnye. Kwakhona qwalasela abahlohliweyo kunye nenkxaso. Iinkcazelo ezisuka kumthombo zizinto ezicacileyo (umz. MSSBC, Fox Newss) zisenokwazisa iinkcukacha, kodwa kufuneka uqonde ii-slant nolwando olulungeleneyo.

Kubalulekile ukwahlula ucalulo kubuxoki obucacileyo. Imvelaphi enomkhethe isenokuba luncedo ukuba uqonda imbono yayo kwaye uyithelekise nabanye. Ingozi ixhomekeke kumthombo omnye ngaphandle kokuvuma i-engile yawo.

Imali: Ngaba Le Njengxwaba Ihlaziywe Ngexesha Yaye Ihlaziywe?

Kwizinto eziguquka ngokukhawuleza ``itechnology, ezonyango, ezopolitiko, ezomthetho, ``ingcaciso'' inzima. Inqaku lezamayeza elisuka ku-2005 lisenokuba liphelelwe lixesha ngokuyingozi. Kwanakuhlalutyo lwembali, uphando olutsha lusenokuba luye lwayihlaziya iziphumo zangaphambili. Khangela umhla wempapasho, kwaye khangela amaphetshana okuphinda ahlaziywe okanye “iizimpawu ezihlaziywe ngokutsha'. Lumla oko kuqulethwe yingcali engakhange iphindwe yahlolwe kade igqitywe. Kumasimi anamandla, umthombo oneenyanga ezintandathu ubudala ubungasayi kuphinda ubonise ubungqina obukhoyo.

Noko ke, imali ayiphelelanga. Iincwadi zesiseko ezifana nomGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. okanye amaphepha enzululwazi aqhelekileyo ahlala efanelekile kwisiphumezi-miyalelo sawo sokuqala, nokuba oko kufunyenwe kamva kuye kwakhiwe kubo. Rhoqo ubuze: lo mxholo ufuna ugcino-lwazi olutsha, okanye imithombo emidala isasebenza?

Uxwebhu: Ngaba Ivela Kwimvelaphi?

Imvelaphi ethembekileyo izakukunika ucaphulo okanye amakhonkco akuvumelayo ukuqinisekisa oko kuthethwa yiyo. Khangela iinkcazelo ezisezantsi, iinkcazelo ezisezantsi, ukuphambanisa kwimithombo engundoqo, okanye i-bibliography. Ukuba inqaku lenza iingqingxi ngaphandle kwenkxaso, lijonge iflegi ebomvu. Kwaneengcinga zoluvo kufuneka zicime iimpikiswano zazo ngobungqina obuqinisekisiweyo. Xa ucatshulo lukhona, khangela ezimbalwa zazo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zichanile kwaye azithathiwe ngaphandle komongomo. Kwimisebenzi, iziphumo ezijongiwe ngoontanga zingumgangatho wegolide; kwiincwadi, izinyuko ezithembekileyo zifumana iziphumo ezibonisa inyani kunye noqhagamshelwano ezingundoqo zinento ezingundoqo ezizingqinela kwimbali zantlanga phambili.

Ubungqina: Ngaba Umthombo Walo Unikela Ugcino - lwazi, Ukuqiqa, Nemizekelo?

Ekugqibeleni, qwalasela imveliso. Ingaba umthombo unika ugcino-lwazi olukhethekileyo, uphando, okanye iimpikiswano ezisengqiqweni, zifuna nje impendulo? Jonga ubungqina obuququzelelayo (ingqokelela, uvavanyo, uvavanyo) kunye nobungqina obudityanisiweyo (ingxelo yenzululwazi, imizekelo yembali). Lumka ugcino-lwazi oluchongiweyo oluxhasa isiphelo ngelixa ungazihoyi imizekelo ephikisanayo. Kwakhona yiba nobulumko ku “inyaniso ezingundoqo” ezingenakuqinisekiswa ngokuzimeleyo. Imithombo enamandla yileyo evuma iintsilelo nokungaqiniseki, kunokuba inike yonke into njengeqinisekile.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okukhupha Izinambuzane

Ukwazi imilinganiselo yenye into; ukuyisebenzisa rhoqo yenye. Le nkqubo ilandelayo ngenyathelo iguqula imilinganiselo engabonakaliyo ibe sisenzo esisebenzayo. Ungasebenzisa lo msebenzi ukuqhama rhoqo xa udibana nomthombo ongawuqhelanga.

Inyathelo 1: ISkeni esikhawulezayo seeFlegi Ezibomvu Ezirhabaxayo

Qalisa ngovavanyo lwesibini olungamashumi amathathu anesibini. Jonga kumxholo, umbhali, impapasho, nomhla. Ingaba umxholo ufana nomxholo wenqaku, okanye ngaba unqakraza? Ingaba igama lommandla lingaqhelekanga (umz., .com.com endaweni ye .com)? Ingaba umbhali une nqaku elicacileyo? Ukuba kukho into evayo, phengulula ngakumbi ngaphambi kokwabelana okanye ukusebenzisa ulwazi.

Inyathelo Lesibini: Hlola Umbhali Nomshicileli

Vula itab entsha uze uphengulule igama lombhali kunye nentlangano yabo. Ingaba zipapashe eminye imisebenzi ethembekileyo? Ingaba zidume ngokuchanekileyo? Kwi-website, sebenzisa i “Malunga” iphepha ukufunda ngemisebenzi yempapasho, inkxaso-mali, kunye nemigangatho yomhleli. Izixhobo ezifana Newss Widgetology’s Recheclogist inikeza izikhokelo zokuhlola imithombo yeendaba.

Inyathelo 3: Hlola Ubungqina

Ukuba umthombo ucaphula uphando, iingxelo, okanye iingcali, nqakraza kumbhalo wokuqala. Ingaba ezo ngxelo zichanekileyo? Ngamanye amaxesha, imithombo ayichananga oko kuthethwa luphando. Ukuba ulwando lobhatalo lusemva, khangela ushwankatho oluzimeleyo okanye ushicilelo lukhuphe kwiseko sophando. Ukuba umthombo awunikezi catshulo, yijonge njengobungqina.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Isikhonkwane esinqamlezayo esineendawo ezingaphandle ezinokuthenjwa

Sebenzisa indlela “yokulinganisa”: fumana ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezinye imvelaphi ezithembekileyo ezinikela ingxelo ngomxholo omnye. Ukuba ziyavumelana kwizibakala ezingundoqo, ukuthembeka kuyakhula. Ukuba ziyaphikisana, zimba nzulu ukuqonda isizathu. Ukuqhekeza iindaba, yiba nomonde; iingxelo zokuqala zisoloko zilungiswa kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Imeko-indawo ezikhangela njenge iFLTCC.org kunye nePolitifact zilungile ukuqinisekisa oko kuthethwa.

Inyathelo 5: Cinga Ngobuntu Bakho

Phambi kokuba ugqibe kwelokuba umthombo uthembekile, yima uqwalasele ukuba uyayamkela ngokuphandle na ngenxa yokuba ihambelana neenkolelo zakho ezikhoyo ngaphambili (ungqikelelo-calucalulo). Zibuze: Ndingakufumana oku kuneyiselo olufanayo ukuba icebise imbono yam? Le nhlolo ye-cogration ibalulekile ekunyaniseni kobulumko nokuthatha inxaxheba kwequmrhu.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kuhlolo lwemvelaphi

Ukuqonda le migibe iqhelekileyo kunokukunceda uyiphephe.

Uqinisekiso

Lo ngowona mgibe usasazekileyo. Ngokwendalo abantu bafuna ulwazi olungqina iinkolelo zabo kwaye babugatya ubungqina obuphikisana nazo. Isiphumo sisixhobo sokukhupha intlokoma apho iimbono zikabani ziba zingqongqo kakhulu kwaye zingasekelwanga kwinyani. Ukuphikisana noku, uzichanaba ngabom kwimithombo enomgangatho ophezulu ngokweembono ezahlukeneyo, kodwa hayi nje ukuxakeka, kodwa iimbono oziphikisayo.

Igunya Elixabaxayo

Kuba umntu engugqirha, unjingalwazi, okanye umdlali odumileyo akathethi ukuba uchanile kuyo yonke imixholo. Igunya lichanekile. Ingcali yenzululwazi yemiziki isenokuba ayinabuchule kwimicimbi yezoqoqosho. Ngokufanayo, umbutho onegama elihloniphekileyo usengapapasha iingxelo ezithenjiweyo ukuba unemiba yezopolitiko.

Ukutyeshela Inkcitho Yezemali Neyezobupolitika

Imithombo emininzi ixhaswa ngemali zizinto ezikhoyo ezinomphumo. Idabi elixhaswa yimizi - mveliso yezomlilo lisenokuvelisa uphando lwemozulu olungakuhoyi ukufudumala komhlaba. Isitishi seendaba esinelungu lonxibelelwano loondaba sisenokuphepha amabali agxeka inkampani yaso engumzali. Landelani imali. Jonga ukuba ngubani oxhasa umbutho usebenzisa ii-ofisi ezinjenge-Opensecrets okanye iingxelo zonyaka zenkampani.

Ukusebenzisa I-DSD ngokulinganayo

Ividiyo ye virus ayithethi into eyinyaniso. Ii-algorithm zezentlalo-ntle zibeka ukuganana, hayi ukuchana. Izabelo kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo asiyoprojekthi yobungqina obungqinelanayo. Ngamaxesha onke sebenzisa uphando olufanayo kwizinto ezithandwayo njengokuba ubuya kusebenzisa iposi efihlakeleyo.

Ukuthembela Kumthombo Omnye

Kwanomthombo othembekileyo unokuba neempazamo okanye iziphazamiso. Ukuthembela kwenye imvelaphi kushiya usengozini kwimimandla yayo engaqondakaliyo. Ukwenza isigqibo esilungileyo kwezentlalo kusebenzisa imithombo emininzi ezimeleyo, enomgangatho ophezulu exhasanayo.

Ukufundisa Ngobuchule

Abaqeqeshi, abazali neenkokeli zoluntu banendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuliseni obu buchule ukususela ebuntwaneni.

Sebenzisa isakhelo sovavanyo lwe-CRAAP

Iveliswe yiMeriam Library kwiYunivesithi yeKhalifoniya, i-Chico, uvavanyo lwe-CRAAP lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuvavanya imithombo. Lumela I-Currect, Relevance, Adminity, kunye nenjongo. Ilula ngokwaneleyo kubafundi abaphakathi kwisikolo kodwa baqinile kubantu abadala. Ungakhuphela iikhasi zesisa kwiwebhsayithi yethala leencwadi ye-[[FLT:]

Uvavanyo lwe-Scorporate yeNkcukacha yehlabathi

Sebenzisa imizekelo yenkcazelo ephosakeleyo eneziphumo zokwenene . "njenge projekthi yePizza" okanye ubuxoki bokugoma. Hlola indlela ezisasazwa ngayo izityholo zobuxoki, into eyazenza zabonakala zikholeleka, nendlela ezathi ekugqibeleni zakhutshwa ngayo. Oku kwenza ubuchule obungaqondakaliyo bukholeleki kwaye bungalibaleki.

Ziqhelise Ukufunda Kamva

Kunokuba uhlolisise umthombo ngokuhlala kwi-website yayo, fundisa abafundi ukuba bavule ama-tab amatsha baze benze uphando ngomthombo osuka ngaphandle. Obu buchule, obukhuthazwa liQela lemfundo lembali leStanford, buxelisa indlela abakhangeli bembali abasebenza ngayo. Ukufundwa kwasemva kunceda ekutyhileni ikhethe, inkxaso-mali, kunye nemiba edumileyo engabonakaliyo kwimvelaphi ngokwayo.

Ukubandakanyeka Kwiingxoxo Eziyinkqubo

Banike abafundi ukuba benze uphando ngengxoxo ephikisanayo besebenzisa kuphela imithombo ebhaliweyo efuna ukuthenjwa ngendlela eyahlukeneyo. Bacele bachaze izinto abazifumeneyo baze bathethelele izigqibo zabo. Oku kubangela ukuba bacinge ngendlela egxekayo kwaye kufundisa ukubaluleka kobungqina ngaphandle kokuthetha.

Umatshini wokubala osetyenziswayo

Source evaluation should not be taught in isolation. Link it directly to civic responsibilities: voting, jury duty, petitioning government. Show students how verifying a candidate’s claims or a ballot measure’s impact depends on the same evaluation skills. Resources from the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy offer a research-backed approach for higher education settings.

Isiphelo

Kwihlabathi elizaliswe yinkcazelo, ukukwazi ukuvavanya imithombo akuyonto yobunewunewu. Kunika abantu amandla okunqumla ingxolo, ukuxhathisa, nokubandakanyeka nabantu abahlala nabo kusekelwe kwizibakala ezisekelwe kubuxoki. Ngokuqonda imigaqo yegunya, ikhethe, uxwebhu, kunye nobungqina; ngokulandela inkqubo yovavanyo olucwangcisiweyo; kwaye ngokufundisa obu buchule kwabanye, singakha ulwazi olungakumbi nolwandileyo. Kwixesha elizayo udibana nentengo engaqhelekanga, nqumama phambi kokwabelana. Imizuzu embalwa yokuhlola ngocoselelo lungenza umahluko phakathi koncedo oluqhelekileyo nolwonakalisa. Uvavanyo alukho nje ubuchule.