Imfundo lilungelo elisisiseko elilawula ikamva labantwana bethu kunye nebutho labantu lilonke. Kodwa umgangatho wemfundo efunyanwayo unxulumene kakhulu nendlela oorhulumente abayixhasa ngayo. Kubazali nabafundisi-mfundo, ukuqonda indlela yolwazi ngemali , apho imali iphuma khona, indlela eyabelwe ngayo, kwaye kutheni kukho iiyantlukwano, kwaye kutheni linyathelo lokuqala ekukhuthazeni ubuncwane obungcono namathuba. Eli nqaku likhulula unxulumano phakathi kwemali karhulumente nemfundo yomntwana wakho, lihlola oothunywashe abadala izinto ezingekhoyo, linikela ubuchule bokuqinisekisa ukuba umfundi ngamnye uyakwazi ukufikelela ekuxhaseni kwakhe ukuze aphumelele.

Ukuqonda Imithombo Yemali Exhaswa Ngurhulumente Yemfundo

Izikolo zikawonke-wonke eUnited States zixhomekeke kwinkqubo yemali edityanisiweyo: urhulumente, urhulumente, kunye nemithombo yasekuhlaleni. Umgangatho ngamnye ufeza indima eyahlukileyo, kwaye ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwazo lungahluka kakhulu ngokwemeko-mbuso nesithili ukuya kwisithili. Ukwazi indlela le nkxaso yemali esebenza ngayo kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela isizathu sokuba ezinye izikolo ziphumelele ngelixa ezinye zitsala nzima.

INgxowa-mali yoManyano: ISihlomelo I neDislario ePhakamileyo

I-R2,50% yemali edityanisiweyo yemali echithwayo kwi-K-12 yemfundo eUnited States, kodwa ifuthe layo livakala ngokungenakuthelekiswa kwisithili esiphezulu. Inkqubo enkulu yorhulumente yiSihloko seSicwangciso sokuqala semfundo nesesibini, esinikezela ngenkxaso-mali kwizikolo ezikhonza iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi. Imali yam ijoliswe ekunyuseni ibala lokudlala ngokuxhasa abafundisi-bafundisi- ntsapho, uqeqesho, ubugcisa, kunye neenkqubo zobuntwana.

Enye imithombo ebalulekileyo yequmrhu yi-Asterence With Diculture Education Act (IDEA), enceda ukuhlawula iindleko ezithe kratya zokufundisa abafundi abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo. Ngoxa urhulumente wasekuhlaleni wathembisa ukuxhasa ama-40% eendleko zemfundo ekhethekileyo, akakhange afikeleleke kuloo nto ayijongileyo, ebeka umthwalo onzima kurhulumente nakuqingqo-mali yasekuhlaleni. Ukuqonda ezi zivumelwano zikarhulumente kunceda abazali babone ukuba ngoxa iWashington isenza indima ephambili, ikude kakhulu kumxhasi-mali.

INgxowa-mali yeRhulumente: Iinkqubo eziBalulekileyo zoNcedo

Amazwe ngawona angowona mthombo mkhulu wemali yemfundo, ngokuqhelekileyo anikela nge-45-50% yengeniso epheleleyo. Amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa indlela yokusebenzisa isiseko: abala isiseko somlinganiselo ofunekayo kwi- “basic” kwaye athabathe ukuba yiyiphi irhafu yempahla yasekuhlaleni enokunyuswa. Lo rhulumente ngoko ugcwalisa umsantsa-okanye unika uncedo olulinganayo olunolawulo olulinganayo kwabazizityebi. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwezi ntlobo-mali kuyahluka ngokubanzi. Amanye amazwe afumana iminikelo yasekuhlaleni, ngoxa amanye avumela imimandla etyebileyo ukuba inyuse kude kunomthamo wesiseko, yenza amasuntlukwano amaninzi.

Kwakhona amaphondo amaninzi anenkqubo emiselweyo ngeenjongo ezithile — imfundo enikezelweyo, umsebenzi kunye nemfundo yobugcisa, ukuxhasa abafundi bolwimi lwesiNgesi, okanye iinkqubo zabantwana bamandulo — kunye nentlawulo yemali eninzi. Ukuntsonkotha kweenkqubo zenkxaso yeli lizwe kusoloko kwenza kube nzima kubazali ukwazi ukuba sisiphi na isikolo somntwana wabo nesizathu.

Imali yasekuhlaleni: Irhafu Yemihlaba

Imali-yomhlaba exhaswayo yirhafu yempahla, ngokuyintloko, ngezantsi, ityala lemali yepropati, ```iiirekhodi'''. Kulapho kuvela khona eyona ngeniso ibalulekileyo. Kwizithili apho amaxabiso aphezulu endlu aphezulu, irhafu encinane ingavelisa amashumi amawaka eerandi kumfundi ngamnye. Kwimimandla ephantsi kwezoqoqosho, kwanexabiso lerhafu linokuvelisa kuphela iqhekeza elilo xabiso. Ngenxa yokuba amaxabiso empahla nesiseko serhafuzo rhafuzo, izikolo ezikwimimandla efumileyo zinganyusa ingeniso yasekuhlaleni eninzi kunezo zemimandla yasemaphandleni okanye izixeko ezingaphakathi.

Ngaphandle kwemali esetyenziswayo ngonyaka, abavoti basekuhlaleni basenokuvumela amanyathelo omanyano ukuze bahlawule ukwakhiwa, ukulungiswa okanye ukuphucula ubugcisa. Imimandla enobutyebi ingagqithisa iipakethi ezinkulu zomanyano, ngelixesha isithili esihlwempuzekileyo sizama ukufumana inkqubela esisiseko evunyiweyo, ukwandisa umsantsa wesiseko.

Indlela Ifomu Yogcino-lwazi Ebangela Ngayo Umahluko

Kwanaxa iindlela zikarhulumente zenzelwe ukuba “zithelekise,” ukuphepha nokulalanisa kwezobupolitika kusoloko kubangela ukungalungisi. Umphumo kukuchitha imali eninzi okunokwahluka ngamawaka eerandi abafundi phakathi kwesithili esingummelwane-imeko zesikolo.

Ingxaki Yokuhlawula Irhafu

Ngenxa yokuba iirhafu zempahla zasekuhlaleni zingumthombo wengeniso esisiseko, ubutyebi boluntu bubutshintsha ngqo ubunjani bezikolo zikawonke-wonke. Uhlalutyo luka-Edbing lu 2021 lufumanise ukuba amazwe amaninzi avumela imimandla etyebileyo ukuba igcine kwaye ichithe yonke ingeniso yerhafu yempahla yasekuhlaleni ngaphezulu komgangatho wesiseko, ngempumelelo yobutyebi. Ngokwahlukileyo, isithili-lixa siphantsi kwemali yemali yemali ephantsi yemali ephantsi, kwaye uninzi lwabafundi bemibala-"asendle kuphela lunyusa iqhezukisa inani eliphezulu lerhafu yabamelwane babo, kwanaxa benyusa irhafu yerhafu ephezulu. Le nkqubo ifaka irhafuli yemfundo ephuma “kwimiqatha" kunye neyona nkqubo yemfundo ilandela imiqatha yezizwe nezoqoqosho.

Amanye amazwe aye amkela iinkqubo zokuphinda afumane ingeniso egqithisileyo yasekuhlaleni (ebizwa ngokuba yi- “Robin Hood”) kunye nokuyisasaza kwimimandla ehlwempuzekileyo. Noko ke, le nkqubo idla ngokuphikisana nezobupolitika kwaye isoloko ijongene neengxaki ezingokwasemthethweni. Umphumo kukuba abafundi abaninzi bafunda kwizikolo ezihlala phantsi okanye ezinemivuzo eninzi, ngokuxhomekeke kwikhowudi ye-zip abaphila kuyo.

Iimodeli zabafundi ezityebileyo

Ngenxa yokungaguquguquki okuqhubekayo, inani elikhulayo lamaphondo nesithili liye lamkela inkxaso-mali enzima yabafundi. Phantsi kwe-WSF, ii-dola zilandela umntwana ngamnye esikolweni, kwaye ubunzima bongezwa ngoothunywashe abafana nobuhlwempu, ubuchule bolwimi lwesiNgesi, iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, kunye nomgangatho webanga eliphantsi. Injongo kukunika izikolo ezinezinto ezininzi ezifunekayo ukusingatha ezo ngxaki. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba iWSF ingumlungisi kwaye icace ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba ityala elicacileyo lomfundi liyafuneka. Abagxeki balumkela ukuba ngaphandle kolwalathiso olufanelekileyo, imali ingaphambukiswa kude nezikolo zesikolo okanye izikolo ezincinane ezisebenza kwimfunoluntu eziphezulu ezifuna uncedo lusenokuzama ukumelana neendleko ezithe ngqo.

Impembelelo Yentlawulo Ekhoyo Kubafundi

Amashumi eminyaka ophando − kuquka uphando lweziko leMali leSikolo seMali eliphawulayo oluye lwenziwe ngabezoqoqosho abafana noJuliana Lafortune noJesse Rothstein `lubonisa ukuba ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwemali kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono, ingakumbi kubafundi abafumana imali ephantsi. Inkxaso-mali ephezulu iguqulela kumgangatho omncinci weqela, imirhumo yootitshala abaphezulu, abaqeqeshi abanamava aphezulu, izinto ezihlaziyiweyo, kunye neminikelo yezifundo etyebileyo. Ngasezantsi kukho iindawo apho amanqanaba enkcithazelo aluncedo.

Umgangatho Womfundisi - ntsapho Nokuzibekela Ingqondo

Irhafu yabafundisi- ntsapho yeyona mali inkulu kuyo nayiphi na imali yesikolo. Imali ehlawulwayo yequmrhu itsala abantu abanamachule emsebenzini kwaye igcina abafundisi-mfundo abanamava ekuphumeleni kwisithili okanye kwimisebenzi ephezulu. Izikolo eziphantsi kwemivuzo zisoloko zizama ukuqesha abafundisi- ntsapho abavunyiweyo, ingakumbi kwimimandla ephezulu njengezibalo, inzululwazi, kunye nemfundo ekhethekileyo. Ingxowa ephezulu iphazamisa abafundi ekufundeni nasekunyanzeleni izikolo ukuba basebenzise ubuncwane obuxabisekileyo ekufumaneni inkxaso ehlala ikhozikoleni nasekuqeqesheni. Xa uqingqo-mali lunokusebenza, izikolo zinokusebenza kwinkqubela, ukuxhasa, ukukhuthaza, nokugcina iibhona okunelisa intelelo ephezulu, ukufundisa okuzinzileyo.

Iqela lobungakanani kunye noovimba

Imali exhaswayo yeklasi ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo womfundi kumfundisi- ntsapho. Uphando lusoloko lufumana ukuba ubungakanani obuncinci beklasi, ingakumbi kumanqanaba angaphambili, bukhokelela ekuvavanyeni amanani aphezulu, amanqanaba okuphumelela kwemfundo entlalo, kunye nophuhliso olunamandla lwenkcubeko. Ngokuchasene noko, izikolo eziphantsi kwemiqathango zidla ngokumilisela abafundi kwiiklasi ezinkulu, ukulinganisela ingqalelo yomntu ngamnye kunye nokunciphisa ukuganana. Ukuxhasa kwakhona kugqiba ukuba amagumbi aneencwadi ezisebenzayo, ubugcisa, izixhobo zogcino-maraji, kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa. Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezisisiseko kunokuthintela uqeqesho kunye noothisha kunye nabafundi abadinwayo.

Izifundo neenkonzo zenkxaso

Ngaphandle kwemfundo, ukuxhasa ngemali kunguququ lwemali yesikolo. Izikolo ezinomtsalane ziyakwazi ukuxhasa iinkqubo zomdlalo ezinamandla, umculo nobugcisa, iiklabhu, kunye nezityebi zasemva kwesikolo. Le misebenzi ibalulekile ekukhuliseni ubuchule obuthambileyo, ekukhuthazeni imvakalelo yokuba kunye nokugcina abafundi bebonke. Izikolo ezithenjiweyo zidla ngokuzinqumanisa ezi nkqubo, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwiindlela eziphezulu namathuba amancinane abafundi abanokuhlola izilangazelelo neziphiwo zabo. Ngokufanayo, inkxaso yeenkonzo ezifana nabacebisi besikolo, izazi zokusebenza, abasebenzi bezentlalo-ntle, kunye nabongikazi badla ngokuthi bahlukanelwa kuqala xa befuna ukuqingqwa kwemiqatha, ukanti ziyimfuneko ekuthetheni kweemfuno zengqondo, iingxaki zentsapho, nezinye izinto eziphazamisayo.

Ukuxhasa Imali Engaguquguqukiyo: Ukhokelo Lomzali

Abazali namalungu asekuhlaleni anokuba negalelo elinamandla ekutshintsheni imali yesikolo.

Ukuqonda Uqingqo - mali Lwesikolo Sakho

Qalisa ngokufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo wendlela isikolo sakho nesithili esixhaswa ngayo. Iibhodi ezininzi zesikolo zipapasha uqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le, kwaye amasebe emfundo karhulumente asoloko enika iibhodi ze-intanethi ezibonisa ii-creads ezisebenzisa imali nganye, imithombo yemali, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali. Khangela ulwazi malunga nokuba zingakanani ii-ofisi zakho ezifumana kwiirhafu zempahla zasekuhlaleni ngokuchasene noncedo lukarhulumente. Chaza naziphi na izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo zikarhulumente (umz., iSihlolo I-IDEA) nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo. Ukuqonda amanani yisiseko sokwenza utshintsho.

Ukusebenzisana neebhodi zeSikolo nabeMithetho

Iintlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo zidla ngokusetyenziswa ekuhleni apho abazali benokuthetha khona ngemali ephambili. Lungisa inkcazelo emfutshane, ephazanyisiweyo ephathelele iimfuno zesikolo somntwana wakho nendlela iimali ezichaphazeleka ngayo kwimfundo. Buza imibuzo engqalileyo: “Kutheni iklasi kwisikolo sethu sama-30 xa urhulumente ecebisa ukuba abantwana bathotyelwe ama-20? Yintoni ekufuneka bayinciphise?” Ukuya kuphulaphula urhulumente kwiimeko zemfundo aze abhale okanye atsale ummeli wesizwe sakho ummeli kunye nommeli we-senetal. /*

Abaququzeleli bomthetho banokusabela ngakumbi xa abaququzeleli besoloko benyusa imbambano. Imikhosi edityanisiweyo kunye neentlangano zomfundisi-bafundisi-mfundo basekuhlaleni ukuze kwandiswe ilizwi lakho. Amaphondo amaninzi anemiqolo efana ne “Imali exhotyisiweyo eNgagwetyelwanga ye-Alliance” enika iingongoma, uphando, kunye namaphulo alungelelanisiweyo.

Ukwakha Iindawo Zokwakhelana Nokusebenzisa Ugcino - lwazi

Akukho mzali mnye okwaziyo ukuguqula indlela yokuxhasa ngemali yelinye ilizwe. Ukwenza okanye ukudibanisa umbutho wabazali, abafundisi, abalawuli, neenkokeli zoluntu ezinikezelwe ukuxhasa intlawulo. Sebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olukhoyo oluvela kwimibutho efana iKhomishini yokuquququzelela i-United States okanye iNgxongo yeFailness ukuthelekisa iindleko zesithili senu nesithili esifanayo. Ukufumana kwintlanganiso zesikolo, kwintlanganiso, nakwiintlanganiso nezigwegwegwe. Ugcino-lwazi lungatyhila iipawulo ezingabonakaliyo ngandlel'okungaphi nanjengomgangabonwayo phakathi komfundi kunye nommelwane wakho phakathi kwesithili kunye nomnye.

Indima Yenkxaso Yabantu Nabezodwa

Nangona inkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke ingundoqo kwinkxaso-mali yesikolo, ukungenelela kwezemfundo kungenza amathuba okufundisa anyuswe. Noko ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inkxaso yabucala ayinakuthathelwa indawo kwaye ayifanele ithathe indawo inkxaso karhulumente elinganayo, --inokuthi ikwazi ukuphendula kuphela kwizithuba zexesha elifutshane.

Umanyano

Amashishini asekuhlaleni angaxhasa iinkqubo zesikolo, izixhobo, ukubonelela ngeenqanawa, okanye izibonelelo zemali. Ezinye izithili ziye zayila “iinkqubo zesikolo semfundo ephezulu” apho iinkampani zinikela ngemali okanye ngendlela entle. Ezi nkonzo kufuneka zibe zezona zibonakalayo kwaye zijoliswe kwiimfuno zabafundi, hayi kwizibhengezo zorhwebo. Izikolo kufuneka zilumke ngokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiminikelo yenkampani, njengoko zinokunganyaniseki kwaye zisenokususa ingqalelo kwiinkonzo zemali.

Isiseko sezibonelelo

Iziseko ezininzi zabucala zinika izikolo ezininzi ezizimeleyo izibonelelo zobuchule obukhethekileyo ``inkqubo zobugcisa, ukudibanisa, iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, okanye imisebenzi yokubhala. Izikolo ezinamandla okubhala ngemvume zinokuzizisa ubuncwane obuthe kratya, kodwa imimandla etyebileyo isoloko inezikolo ezinikezelweyo ezifuna la mathuba, ngoxa izikolo ezingaphantsi kwemiqathango zisenokungabi naxesha okanye ubuchule. Abazali banokunceda ngokunika inkxaso ngokuphanda kunye neemfuno zesikolo nokuzinikela ngokuzithandela ukunceda ngezicelo.

Iinkqubo Zokuzithandela

Amatsha - ntliziyo akhulisa imeko-bume yemfundo ngaphandle kwexabiso lesikolo. Kodwa amatsha - ntliziyo akanakukwazi ukutshintsha abafundisi-mfundo, abasebenzi abahlawulwayo abahlawulwayo, abaqeshwayo okanye abancedisi. Kubalulekile ukuxhasa abasebenzi abaqeqeshileyo ngoxa belungiselela ixesha kunye nesiphiwo soluntu apho sinokunceda khona kakhulu.

Izicombululo Zemigaqo - siseko Zekamva Elifanelekileyo

Utshintsho olungapheliyo lufuna utshintsho lokwakha kumgangatho karhulumente norhulumente. Nantsi eminye yeyona migaqo ithembisayo.

Utshintsho lomgangatho kaRhulumente

Amazwe angamkela iindlela zenkxaso-mali eziya zisanda kwimimandla eneemfuno ezinkulu. Ukunyusa inkxaso-mali kubafundi ngesezikolo eziphantsi yeyokungafundi kuyindlela enye. Enye into kukususa umthombo wengeniso kwirhafu yempahla yoluntu jikelele ukuya kwirhafu yerhafu yelizwe lonke, eziye zasasazwa ngokulinganayo. Amanye amazwe akwanikelw'intengiso yomgaqo-siseko efuna “ukuxhasa indalo” kunye “nokungalinganiyo” nokuxhasa ingeniso yesikolo, nto leyo eye yabangela iinguqu ezinkulu. Umzekelo, [[FLT:] irhafulkmarkland New Jersey Abbotts [ izigqibo] eziye zakhokelela ekunikezeleni inkxaso ephawulekayo yemali kumazwe angamahlwempu asedolophulweni kwemfundo yabafundi.

Amanyathelo aphambili omgaqo-nkqubo womanyano

Kumgangatho wesizwe, abameli baye baqhubela phambili ukwandisa iSihloko I esabiweyo ukuxhasa ngokupheleleyo inkqubo kumgangatho ogunyazisiweyo, ukuseka imfuneko yogcino-lwazi lwemeko-ntle yesizwe ukukhusela uncedo lokusikela kumaphondo xa kunyuka ii-dola ze-ove, kunye nokuxhasa ulwakhiwo oluxhotyisiweyo lwelizwe ngezipho ezifana nemqobo yezopolitiko [ Schol] uGrancs. Enye ingcamango yokuzuza i-trakiti-onti yeyonketho ngumanyano yesizwe yongezelelo lwemali yemimandla aphezulu, efuziselwe kwinkqubo yeMedicaid. Ngelinye imo yezenzo zolawulo, urhulumente ulawulo lwesizwe luyaqhubeka ukutyhasa umsebenzi omkhulu wemali ehlikisiweyo.

Imbopheleleko Yomsebenzi Wemfundo

Imali exhaswa ngurhulumente asingombandela ongowona ubalulekileyo woqingqo-mali . kwaye zingundoqo wemfundo kawonke-wonke. Izigqibo ezenziwa kumaziko karhulumente, kumagumbi eebhodi yesikolo, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente alungisa ngokuthe ngqo ubunjani babafundisi-bafundisi-bantwana bakho, ubungakanani beklasi yabo, izinto ezisemacwecweni abo, kunye namathuba akhoyo kubo. Abazali, abafundisi, kunye namalungu oluntu kufuneka baluqonde ngokunzulu olu nxibelelwano ukuba baza kukhuthaza ngokuphumelelayo. Ngokuhlala benolwazi, besebenzisa ugcino-data, kunye nokunyanzela ukuba kwenziwe imibhobhobho entle, siyakwazi ukuya kwinkqubo apho bonke abantwana abantwanlukileyo be-zi-zi-zi-zipzip.