Yintoni Imilinganiselo Yokhetho?

Unyulo lwemingxuma ye-midter lunyulo olungurhulumente, urhulumente, kunye nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni oluthatha malunga nombindi wexesha elisisigxina elingu-469 weminyaka emiselweyo. Ngeli xesha unyulo lomongameli luzoba olukhulu lovoti, ii-midmini zifana neziphumo ezilandelayo. Zigqiba ukuba liliphi iqela elilawula i-U.S. Congress – zonke izihlalo ezingama-35 kwiNdlu yeeNdlu ze-inkulu yeeNtsimbizana ezilishumi eline-100 – kwaye ngokufuthi zisebenza njenge-arhenteum enkulu kwimisebenzi nemithetho kamongameli.

Ibinzana elithi “ikhalenda” ngokwalo libalaselisa ikhalenda yonyulo: olu nyulo lwenzeka kanye kwiminyaka emibini emva konyulo lomongameli kunye neminyaka emibini ngaphambi kolulandelayo. Isithethe sokuzibamba ngoNovemba, ngoLwesibini emva koMvulo wokuqala, simiswe ngumthetho wesizwe kwaye sikwinkulungwane ye-19. Ngenxa yokuba iNdlu yabameli iphezulu ngokupheleleyo kunyulo nyaka ngamnye, amaphakathi amele ithuba elixhaphakileyo lokuvota ukuphinda baphinde bamisele isebe lemithetho.

Ukongeza kwimibutho elungelelanisiweyo, amazwe amaninzi enza unyulo lwerhuluneli, abamisi-mthetho, oosodolophu, abameli bephondo, amalungu ebhodi yesikolo, kunye nezinye ii-ofisi ezininzi zasekuhlaleni. Iinyathelo ezithathelwa ingqalelo kunye nee-arhentes ezisuka kwimigaqo yerhafu ukuya kukwenziwa komjuxuzo ngokomthetho ukuya kuvota amalungelo – kwakhona kuvela kwii-computers. Isiphumo esikhungezelekayo solu nyulo singayiguqula ngokuphawulekayo indlela yomgaqo kawonke wonke kumgangatho wonke karhulumente.

Indlela Unyulo Oluphakathi Oluwuchaphazela Ngayo Umthetho

Eyona mpembelelo ikhawulezileyo yonyulo phakathi kwexesha lokukhetha kukutshintshwa kolawulo lweqela leBhunga. Umongameli othe iqela lakhe laphulukana neNdlu okanye iNdlu yeNtlanganiso uza kujongana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo eqhubela phambili imiqathango yemithetho emiselwe yimithetho. Umzekelo, urhulumente owahluleleneyo – apho elinye iqela lilawula iWhite House kunye namanye amagumbi oonkqubano – ngokufuthi akhokelela kwi-dropt, enyanzela okanye ephumela ekubekeni phambili izinto eziphambili.

Ulawulo lweKhomishini lumisela ukuba ngawaphi amatyala asungulweyo, aphi na okuphikiswana ngawo, kunye nawokuvota. Izihlalo zekomiti, ezinamandla amakhulu phezu kwenkqubo yowiso-mthetho, zinikezelwa ngokusekelwe kwiqela elikhulu. Ezi zihlalo zimisela iinkqubo zokuphulaphula, zigqiba ukuba yiyiphi imithetho eqhubela phambili, kwaye zinokuvala amatyala. KwiBhunga, uninzi lwenkokeli lulawula ucwangciso lomgangatho kwaye lungakhetha ukuzisa amatyala evoti okanye ukuwabamba ngokungenasiphelo.

Umthetho weNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtsimbi, ofuna amavoti angama-60 ukuphelisa ingxoxo kumthetho omkhulu, ubangela ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi ukuguqula impembelelo yonyulo phakathi kwexesha. Uninzi oluncinane – ngokuthi 51 okanye 52 izihlalo – ngokufuthi alunakuwadlulisa amatyala amakhulu ngaphandle kwenkxaso ye-bipartisan, nto leyo eyenza ukuqulunqwa kweNdlu yeNtlanganiso kube yeyona inzima. Ngokuchasene noko, xa elinye iqela liphumelela uninzi, lingamisela utshintsho olupheleleyo kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba luxolelwaniso, efuna kuphela amavoti angama-55 okuvota uqingqo-mali ukuze kusetyenziswe umthetho onxulumene nomthetho.

Iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zikwachaphazela ukukwazi komongameli ukumisela abagwebi bephondo, kuquka amajaji eNkundla ePhakamileyo, nokuqinisekisa amagosa aphetheyo esebe. INtlanganiso elawulwa lisebe elichasayo isenokucotha ukuhamba okanye igatye igatye imiyalelo ecacileyo, ihlaziywe ijaji kangangamashumi eminyaka. Oku kungenxa yoko unyulo lwaphakathi kwemiba lugqalwa njengeyesibini, oluzolileyo ekulungelelaniseni kwegunya.

Impembelelo Kubomi Bakho Bemihla Ngemihla

Imigaqo-nkqubo ephuma kwiKhonkxamentu yexesha lasemva kwe - 2016 ichaphazela phantse zonke iinkalo zocwangciso lwakho. Ngasezantsi ziinkalo ezingundoqo apho iziphumo ezikwixesha eliphakathi zinokubuguqula ngokuthe ngqo ubomi bakho.

Irhafu nomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho

IBhunga libhala imithetho yerhafu, kunye nokutshintsha kwemithetho yerhafu, kunye nolawulo lweqela loburhulumente kusenokukhokelela ekunciphiseni irhafu okanye ekunyukeni kwabantu, iintsapho, kunye namashishini. Umzekelo, iNtloko yokuTyekwa kwerhafu kunye neMisebenzi yowama-2017, enciphisa umlinganiselo werhafu, ngeyingadlulanga ngaphandle kwenkomfa yoorhulumente abaninzi kuzo zombini iigumbi emva konyulo 2016. Ngokuchasene noko, uninzi lweDemocracratic lungasukela irhafu ephezulu kwingeniso ephezulu okanye amaziko okuxhasa iinkqubo zoluntu. Unyulo lwangaphakathi lukwaphembelela uqingqo-mali, uhlahlolo lwemali yemali yemibango, iziphumo zendlela, zothutho, zothutho, zoluntu, kunye nolwando olubanzi lwezikolo olusebenzisayo yonke imihla.

Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Inkqubo yonyango isoloko ilungiswa ngeziphumo eziphakathi kwexesha. IAffordicable Care Act (ACA) yasinda kwiinzame ezininzi ngenxa yokuba ii-Democrates zahlala izihlalo ezaneleyo phakathi kweminyaka yo-2018. Iqela elinomvuzo liyakwazi ukwandisa uMdicaid, ukulawula iinkcitho ze-inshorensi, okanye ukuqhubana namaxabiso eziyobisi ezigunyazisiweyo zeMedicaradare. Ezi zigqiba ngqo iindleko ze-inshorensi yempilo yakho, ezinokuquka iinketho, kunye nokufikelela ekunyamekeleni. Umzekelo, i-Inflaflation Reduction Act yoMdiction 2022, iindleko ze-insulin yeMedicareas kwaye ivumela ukuba ithethe namaxabiso emali yeziyobisi, yenziwe ukuba ikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngumndibani-Didemocracratic kwimist 2020222, imijinga yee-yolikelelwa-20.

Imfundo Nokuzonwabisa Kwabafundi

Inkqubo yemfundo yomanyano, ukusuka kuPell Grants ukuya kuxolelwa ngabafundi, inqunyulwa yiKhonkqele kunye nesebe eliphetheyo. Unyulo lwaphakathi lungaguqula ezona ziphambili ekuxhaseni iisikolo zeK. Uqeqesho, kunye nemfundo ephezulu. Iqela eliseburhulumenteni likwaphembelela ukuma kolawulo olusemthethweni lwemali-mboleko yabafundi. Ucwangciso loncedo lwabantwana bamatyala, umzekelo, luxhomekeke kwiinkcazelo zoMthetho wemfundo ephakamileyo, kodwa iziphumo zonyulo lwaphakathi zingagqiba enoba izenzo ezinjalo ziyadityaniswa nomthetho okanye zithintelwe yiBhunga elinotshaba.

Imithetho yokusingqongileyo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu

Ukhuseleko lwemekobume ludla ngokuxhomekeka kumntu olawula iKhonkxa. Uninzi lweDemocratic lungawudlulisa umthetho wemozulu, luchithe amandla avuselelweyo, lugcine imithetho ye-EPA ethetha ngegesi ekhutshwayo kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Uninzi lwamaRiphabliki lungagxininisa kumandla afumaneka ngelakhe-afroce, ngokuqengqela imigangatho yokukhupha umbane emva, lunciphise ingeniso yemali ukwenzela iinkqubo zamandla acocekileyo. Le nkqubo ichaphazela umoya owuphefumlayo, amanzi owaselayo, kunye nexabiso lamandla ekhayeni lakho.

Imithetho yeBhunga kunye nomsebenzi

Imithetho yemisebenzi, imivuzo encinane, imithetho enqamlezileyo, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko emsebenzini konke kuyilwa yiBhunga kunye nesebe eliphetheyo. Unyulo lwaphakathi lunganyusa okanye luncitshise umvuzo omncinci, ukwandisa okanye ukumisela amalungelo amanyanzelo, kwaye lutshintshe ukungabikho kobungakanani okugqithisileyo. Kubanini-mali abancinane, iinguqu kwimigaqo yerhafu, imiqathango yempilo, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko zinokuchaphazela ingeniso nokuqeshwa. Ukhuseleko – ekukhuselekeni kokutya ukuya kugcino-data - kwakhona ukutshintsha ulawulo olulawula amaziko olawulo.

Izixhobo zokhuseleko loluntu neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke

Iinkqubo ezifana noKhuseleko lweNtlalo, lweMedicare, lweMedicaid, lweSNAP (izitem zokutya), kunye ne-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa ngamaxhoba okuhlaziywa okanye ulwando oluxhomekeke kwiziphumo zexesha eliphakathi. IBhunga elilawulwa linye linganyanzela ukucutha ukucutha intswana letyala, ngoxa elinye iqela lingaphikisana ngokwandisa iinzuzo. Iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke njengobupolisa, amasebe omlilo, uthutho, kunye nolungiso lwe-paki zixhaswa ngorhulumente nangoqingqo-mali basekuhlaleni, eziphenjelelwa yirhuluneli kunye nabalawuli abanyuliweyo phakathi kwemidatha.

Ubungqina nokubuya

Unyulo lwexesha eliphakathi luye lwaphindwa ngokwembali lusuka kunyulo olusezantsi kunonyulo lomongameli. Ngo-2014, malunga nama- 41% abavoti abafanelekileyo baphosa ibhola; ngo-2018, ukujika kwaza kwanyuka ukuya phantse kuma-50% – kude kumgangatho wama-66% weminyaka yobumongameli. Lo msantsa uthetha ukuba iqaqobana eliphenjelelwayo, eliphenjelelweyo linokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwisiphumo. Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba abantu bevota (okanye bathathi) phakathi kungundoqo wokomeleza idemokhrasi.

Izithintelo zokuvota ziquka imithetho ye-ID engqongqo, iiyure zokuvota ezisikelwe umda, iintambo ezimxinwa, nokucocwa kweerolophu zabavoti. Amazwe amaninzi aye enza kube nzima ukuvota egameni lokhuseleko lonyulo, ngoxa amanye ekwandiseni iposi jcin kwaye avote kwangoko. Isiphumo sisiphelo siquka imithetho eninzi enokuthintela ukujika kwezinye iindawo ngoxa inyuswa kwezinye iindawo. Imibutho efana noManyano lwaManyano lwaMasifama Voters noVote isebenza ukunceda abemi ukuba bafumane ubhaliso kunye novoti.

Ukusebenza kubandakanya okungaphezulu kokufaka itoliki yeposi. Ukuya kwiiholo zedolophu, ukuqhagamshelana namagosa anyuliweyo, ukusebenza ngokuzithandela kumaphulo nokuhlala benolwazi ngeendawo zabahlohli ziyindlela zonke zokuphembelela iziphumo eziphakathi kwemini. Xa abavoti befundiswa ngeziphumo zokwenene ze-046 zezi ntetho, ukurhoxa konyulo kudla ngokunyuka. Umzekelo, ama-2018181 afumanisa ukuba ukungenelela ngokwenxalenye ngenxa yemvakalelo enamandla malunga noMthetho wesiCwangciso-Afford - nokwenziwa kweNkundla ePhakamileyo.

IRhulumente noKhetho lwengingqi: Impembelelo Engaphaya Kwendlela Ekhangelweyo

Ngoxa iinqanaba zentlalo zesizwe zibalaselisa ingxelo yogcino-lwazi, unyulo lukarhulumente nolwasekuhlaleni oluqhutywa phakathi kwemihla-nyuka ludla ngokuba nempembelelo ekhawulezileyo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. IRhuluneli zilawula uqingqo-mali lwemeko, imiqondiso okanye imithetho karhulumente, kwaye zimisela iijaji namalungu ekhabhini. Iindlu zowiso-mthetho zizoba iimaphu zentlanganiso emva kokuba babalwa, zigqibe iinkqubo zemali zesikolo, zilawule yonke into ukususela ekubeni nompu ukuya kususwe isisu. Amabhunga ezixeko kunye namabhunga ephondo amisela amatyala empahla, imithetho ehlahlela, kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko kawonke wonke.

Amanyathelo ebhola akwavumela abemi ukuba bamisele inkqubo engqalileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kuma-2022 phakathi, abavoti kumazwe amahlanu amanyathelo avunyiweyo okwandisa iMedicaid, ngoxa abavoti kumanye amaninzi bagqiba kwelokuba bafumane amalungelo okuqhomfa, unyuko oluncinane lwemivuzo, kwaye umyadi osemthethweni. Ezi zindululo zigqitha ngokupheleleyo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yaye zinokudala utshintsho olupheleleyo ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba iNgqungquthela yenze into ethile.

Ngenxa yokuba intlanga zombuso nezoluntu zingenakhuphiswano yaye zingenayo ingqalelo ingakumbi kumajelo eendaba, inani elincinane labavoti abatshatiswe linokusiphembelela isiphumo. Oku kwenza ukuqonda ivoti epheleleyo (kungeyontlalo ephezulu kuphela) ibaluleke kuye nabani na ofuna ukubona imigaqo abayikhathaleleyo ngokumiswa kwemibutho.

Imbali yembali yonyulo lwexesha eliphakathi

Unyulo lokuqala phakathi kwimbali yase-United States lwenzeka ngowe-1790, kwaye umzekelo weqela lomongameli eliphulukana nezihlalo eCongress uye waba yinyaniso kwimijikelezo ephakathi kwe-18 kwi-20 ukusuka kwiMfazwe yamakhaya. Esi siganeko, esidla ngokubizwa ngokuba “sisohlwayo sexesha eliphakathi,” sibangelwa kukudityaniswa koonobangela: ukunganeliseki komongameli ohleliyo, ukungathobeli kweqela lomongameli, notyekelo oluqhelekileyo lokuba iqela lenkcaso libe namandla.

Unyulo oluphawulekayo luquka u-1994, xa amaRiphabliki azuza ulawulo lwamagumbi omabini okokuqala kwiminyaka engama-40, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwiNgqungquthela neMelika kunye notshintsho lwentlalo-ntle; ngo-2010, xa iRipabhuliki yeParti yanika iRiphabliki iNdlu kwaye yakhokelela kumadabi e-sequester; kunye no-201818, xa uDemocrats wafumana kwakhona iNdluwabo phakathi komnqonqonqo wolawulo weTrump. Lunye olo nyulo lwavelisa iinguqu ezihlala zihleli ezichaphaze izigidi zamaMerika.

Imisebenzi yeCandelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali

Amaphulo aphakathi ahlukile kuwona mongameli ngokwesikali nangokomelelwayo. Ngaphandle komncomi wesizwe ophezulu kwethikithi, abavoti baxhomekeke kakhulu kwimiboniso yeqela, kwimibandela yasekuhlaleni, nakwimisebenzi yomongameli. Amaqela adla ngokugxininisa “ukuhlahlela”--ohamba kakhulu ukuya kudibana nabavoti kwiidolophu ezincinane nakwiindawo zasemaphandleni – kwaye baxhomekeke kakhulu kwiposi, izibhengezo zikamabonwakude, kwaye, ngokukhulayo, kwizibheno zamanani.

Indleko yonyulo phakathi kwexesha lonyulo iye yanyuka kakhulu. Ngo-2022, inkcitho epheleleyo yokuchitha ii-R2,22, ngamawaka ezigidi, anamakhulu ezigidi aphuma kwii-PACs ezinkulu nakumaqela emali emnyama. Le mali ithenga izibhengezo, imimandla, kunye neminikelo ye-oventir 76mobil. Impembelelo ekhutshiweyo yabanikeli abazizityebi kunye nezilangazelelo zenkampani iphakamisa imibuzo yokuba amagosa anyuliweyo anokuthini na ngenene kwii-audies. Ukuqonda apho iphulo liphuma khona ku – iminikelo yemikhwa enjengo-Opensecrets.org – inceda uRhoviet ahlole izikhundla zemiqathango yemiqatha.

Indlela Yokulungiselela Ukhetho Olulandelayo Oluphakathi Kwesigaba Esitsha

Ukugada kufuna okungaphezulu kunokusuka nje ngoSuku Lokhetho. Nawa amanyathelo asebenzayo abavoti abanokuwathatha:

  • ukhankanya ubume bakho bobhaliso – Qinisekisa ubhaliso lwakho lwevoti ubuncinane iinyanga ezintathu phambi konyulo (sebenzisa i website yonyulo karhulumente wakho okanye Vote.org). Amaphondo amaninzi avumela uhlaziyo lobhaliso lwengingqi yengingqi yengingqi.
  • Yazi ibhola yakho yebhola- Uphando ngabo bonke abaza kungena kunye nezicengo. Iisampuli zonyulo zidla ngokubekwa kwi-intanethi iiveki phambi konyulo. Phatha ingqalelo kunyulo lokugcina ikomiti kunye nee-ofisi ezifihlakeleyo ezifana nomhlaba kunye nebhodi yolondolozo lwamanzi – ezi zisoloko zingavavanywa kodwa zinempembelelo yokwenene.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Funda imithetho yokuvota - Fumana indawo yakho yokuvota, iiyure, kunye neemfuno ze-ID. Ukuba ukhetha iposi . Nceda ukhethe ukuvota, cela ivota yakho kwangoko kwaye landela imiyalelo ngocoselelo ukuphepha ukwala.
  • [[NTL:0] Ivolunter okanye umnikelo - ukunceda iphulo olikholelwayo lingakhulisa ilizwi lakho ngaphaya kwevoti enye. Ibhanki yefowuni, ukunqikaza emnyango, kunye nokuqhuba abavoti kwimivoti zizindlela ezisebenzayo zokunyusa ukuvota.
  • Incoko kuluntu lwakho - Thelekisa umba nabahlobo, intsapho nabamelwane. Unyulo oluyiliweyo luyeyona itshekisi yomeleleyo kumandla angachazwanga.

Isiphelo

Unyulo lwemipu yexesha eliphakathi asingomnqakathi nje phakathi kokhuphiswano lomongameli. Ngamathuba axhaphakileyo, amnandi, nangaphantsi kwendlela yokuyila imithetho kunye nemigaqo elawula ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kwixabiso leziyobisi ozigunyazileyo ukuya kumgangatho wesikolo somntwana wakho ukuya kukhuseleko lwamanzi akho okusela, ukhetho olwenzayo phakathi nemijikelo yaphakathi kwemijikelo lungena kuyo yonke ingingqi. Ngokuqonda izikhonkwane, ezibandakanyekayo, nokubonakala kwibhokisi yebhola yonyango, unganceda ekuboneni indlela yelizwe – kungekhona nje kwiminyaka emine, kodwa rhoqo emva koko.

Ukuqhubeka ufunda, hlola i .gov isikhokelo sonyulo, i iCensus Bureau yomvoti idata ye-, kwaye kwi projects ukusuka kwi Brooking Institution[. Ivoti yakho lilizwi lakho – qinisekisa ukuba iviwe ngoNovemba.