Kwiminyaka emine, amaMelika aba nenxaxheba kuqheliselo lwedemokhrasi oludidayo oludida abaninzi kwaye ludimaza abanye: ukuvota umongameli ngeKholeji ye- kunokuba akhethe ngqo. Le nkqubo ingu-220-nyaka idala inike oomongameli abahlanu abaphulukana novoti, inikelw' ingqalelo yephulo kwimiba eninzi ejikelezayo, kwaye iqalisa ingxoxo engapheliyo malunga nobulungisa bedemokhrasi. Kodwa ihlala ingumgaqo-siseko wokukhetha isigqeba esiyintloko saseMelika, iprojekthi, iprojethi, iin eqekezela iinko, kunye nobume bezobupolitika.

Ukuqonda indlela iElectoral College esebenza ngayo asilulo nje ulwazi lwemfundo olubalulekileyo lokufuna ukwazi `````ii' iphulo lombutho womongameli'' apho belisebenza khona, kutheni ezinye iivoti zibonakala zingumsebenzi omkhulu kunabanye, kwaye kutheni imigudu yokuguqula isoloko ingaphumeleli nangayiphi na inkxaso kawonke-wonke wonke yotshintsho. Olu khokelo lubanzi luhlola i-Electal Colleges, imbali, inzuzo, iindidi, kunye nempikiswano eziqhubekayo ezenza ukuba ibe yinkqubo yedemokhrasi eninzi ephikisanayo.

Yintoni Ikholeji Ye - Electoral?

ISiseko soMgaqo-siseko

Ikholeji ye-Electoral liqumrhu labakhethi 538 abakhetha ngokusesikweni uMongameli noMongameli we-United States. Kunolawulo-lwazi lwedemokhrasi oluthe ngqo apho umvoti oninzi ephumelela khona, iMelika isebenzisa eli qumrhu lombhali abasunguli beQumrhu II loMgaqo-siseko, kamva lilungiswe nguMmiselo we-12.

Le nkqubo imela ulwamkelo phakathi kwemibono emithathu ekhuphisanayo kwiNdibano yoMgaqo-siseko:

  • Unyulo lweNkqutyana (lukhuthaza ukulawulwa kowiso-mthetho ngaphezu kwegunya)
  • Ivoti ethandwayo ngokuthe ngqo (amazwe amancinane awayesoyikwa ayeya kuwacutha)
  • Ukhetho lwendlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe (ukukhusela ulawulo lorhulumente kodwa ukuthintela idemokhrasi)

IElectoral College yavela njenge-constical contellist, ilungelelanisa igalelo ledemokhrasi namandla karhulumente kunye nokwenza isigcini sethutyana phakathi kwabantu kunye nomongameli . Oko uAlexander Hamilton wakubiza ngokuba yindawo yokukhusela nxamnye "nokuphazamiseka."

Indlela Ezidityaniswe Ngayo Iigesi Ezincinane

Umbuso ngamnye wamkela ivoti ezilinganayo ne-arekhodi yayo epheleleyo yomelo lweKhomishini :

  • 2 amavoti abaququzeleli bawo (Umbuso ngamnye unesibini)
  • amavoti angakumbi alingana nabameli bendlu yayo (imibutho yabemi)
  • I-Washington D.C. ifumana amavoti amathathu akhethwe ngokudlula kuMphetho-mda wama-23

Le ndlela yenza umahluko obangel ’ umdla. IKhalifoniya, eyona ndawo ikhoyo, inevoti ezingama-552 zabameli (ii-52 Abameli + 2 Abameli) kubantu abangama- 39 ezigidi (iizigidi ezingama-39). Ngokunjalo ivoti enye yevoti yabavoti kwi-Elctoral College nganye yabahlali 723,000. iWhoming inevoti ezintathu kubantu abangama-580 000/inye kwi-193,000. Oku kuthetha ukuba iWyoming ivota inokuba cishe [[[FLT: 0]].7 umphinda-phinda-phinda iEltaral College impembelelo ye-liji [ ngevoti]

Inani Lomlingo: 270

With 538 total electoral votes, a candidate needs an absolute majority of 270 to win the presidency. This isn't just a plurality—finishing first isn't enough. You need more than half, which becomes crucial in close elections or when third-party candidates win electoral votes.

Ukuba akukho mvotelwa ufikelela ku 270 (ongazange kwenzeke ukususela ngo1824), unyulo luya kwindlu yabameli, apho abathunywa borhulumente bafumana ivoti enye kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani(ukunika uWyom amandla alinganayo kwiKhalifoniya ekukhetheni umongameli.

Indlela Ikholeji ye-Electoral Esebenza ngayo: Inkqubo Epheleleyo

Inyathelo 1: Unyulo lwangoNovemba

Xa amaMelika evota umongameli, akhetha uvotelo lwabavoti bathembisa umvoteli wabo. Aba banyuli badla ngokubhalisa:

  • Abaxhasi beQumrhu nabaxhasi
  • Amagosa anyuliweyo karhulumente
  • Inkokeli yeqela lesizwe
  • abantu abanxibelelana nomntu oza kubhaptizwa

Abavoti abaninzi ababaziyo aba novoti.

Inyathelo 2: Umbuso- Ngesimo Solawulo Ukuzimisela

488 ulawulo udibanisa D.C. sebenzisa uphumelele- zonke iinkqubo apho umlandeli afumana khona olona voti (kwanokuba akangoninzi) azuza onke amavoti karhulumente. Kuphela kumanqaku amabini ahlukeneyo:

GIN isebenzisa indlela yesithili yokwaphuka [:

  • 2 amavoti akhethiweyo aya kufumana urhulumente ngokubanzi
  • Isalathisi sovoti abatsha sinikwa
  • Oku kungahlula amavoti karhulumente (njengoko kwenzeka eMaine ngo2016 nango-2020, eNebraska ngo-2009 nango-2020)

Ubuchule bephulo lokufumana lonke ubuchule bephulo obubodwa. Ukuphumelela eKhalifoniya 5.1% ukuya ku 49.9% ikhupha iivoti ezingama-55 njengendlela yokuphumelela 70% ukuya ku-30%. Oku kukhuthaza abaza kufumana ukuba bajolise ingqalelo kumazwana okhuphiswano ngeli lixa bengawahoyi "ukhuseleko" ulawulo.

Inyathelo 3: Intlanganiso Yasekholijini KaDisemba

NgoLwesibini lokuqala emva koLwesithathu lwesibini ngoDisemba, abavoti badibana kumakomkhulu abo elizwe ukuvota ngokusemthethweni. Oku akuyontlanganiso yesizwe.

Abahlalutyi baphosa amavoloti ahlukeneyo kaMongameli noMongameli onguMongameli. Amatyala amaninzi agunyazisa abavoti ngokusemthethweni ukuvota abavoteli abathembisisiweyo ngobuchule obahlukahlukeneyo:

  • Imithetho yemo ifuna ukuthembeka (amatyala angama-33 adityaniswe no-D.C.)
  • Imithetho yokuvota engenalukholo kuquka inkokhelo emalunga ne R1000
  • [[UMTL:0] ulungiselelo lwendawo ukuvumela amaqela athathe indawo yabakhethi abangenalukholo
  • [[UMTHL:0] Imfuno zepeyinti phambi kotyumbo

Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yowama-2020 [ku- Chiafalo v. Washington waxhasa amalungelo karhulumente okunyanzelisa izifungo zonyulo, ngokunempumelelo ukuphelisa isiganeko esisele sisenziwa ngabavoti abangenalukholo esitshintshayo.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Ingqokelela yemithetho-siseko

NgoJanuwari 6th, iQelo leNgqungquthela elidibeneyo libala amavoti akhethiweyo, , isekela elinguMongameli eliphetheyo elinolawulo oluphezulu.

Inkqubo eqhelekeyo iqhuba kakuhle, kodwa iElectoral Count Act ka-1887 (eyenziwe ngo-2022) inika iinkqubo zokuchasa:

  • Imisebenzi ifuna inkxaso ukusuka ubuncinane kwisiqingatha esinye samagumbi omabini
  • Ingxoxo yegumbi ngalinye ngokwahlukeneyo kangangeeyure ezimbini
  • Macala omabini kufuneka avote ukuze axhase ukuchasa amavoti

Uhlaselo lweCapitol ngexesha lemcimbi yabonisa ukuba le nkqubo isengozini yokuhlaselwa zizinto ezingezizo ezenkolo.

Inyathelo 5: Ukumiselwa

Ophumeleleyo ufumana iofisi emini emaqanda ngoJanuwari 20, egqiba inkqubo ende eyaqalisa ngamaphulo aphambili ngokufuthi kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambilana.

Iiprojekthi: Iimpikiswano Zokugcina Ikholeji Ye - Electoral

Ukukhusela Impembelelo Encinane Karhulumente

Abaxhasi beKoleji yezemali baphikisa inkqubo ukuthintela amaphulo kamongameli ukuba ajoliswe ngqo kumaziko amakhulu abantu. Ngaphandle kwayo, abathathi-nxaxheba bangathabatha iphulo kwimimandla emikhulu yesixeko, bengahoyi amaphulo asemaphandleni kunye namaphondo amancinci.

Imikhosi yangoku efuna ukwakha iminqophiso engafaniyo yobomi . Ukuphumelela kufuna umtsalane kubalimi eIowa, abasebenzi befektri eMichigan, abathatha umhlala phantsi eFlorida, nabasebenzi bobugcisa kuMntla Carolina. Olu lwabelo lwelizwe ngokwentelekelelo luqinisekisa oomongameli ukuba baqwalasela izilangazelelo zengingqi ezahlukeneyo.

Amazwe amancinci afumana ingqalelo engathethekiyo ngokunxulumene nabemi bawo. Iivoti ezine zentsha iHampshire azinamsebenzi, kodwa imeko yalo yokujinga-jinga iyenza ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwiphulo. Phantsi kwevoti ecacileyo, abatsha abavumi bangayihoya ngokupheleleyo i-New Hampshirtes eziyisigidi esinye.

Iindawo Ezikhuthaza Imali Eninzi

IElectoral College ibilwa ngokuthi ikhuthaza [[FLT: 0] ngokobungcathu obuphakathi abanokubhena kwimimandla enqamlezeneyo. Ukuphumelela 270 yezivoti zokhetho ezisoloko zifuna ukuphumelela intlalo-ntle yamazwe asemntlampuma, amaphondo athe ngxitha, kunye namazwe aseMazantsi alungeleleneyo. Oku kudla ngokutsala abangeni kumbindi.

Le nkqubo ikwakhuthaza abo baza kudibana ukuba bakhe imibutho enqumla imida yabemi. URiphabliki kufuneka aphumelele kwezinye iidolophu eziphakathi; umDemocrat ufuna abantu abahlala emaphandleni abahlala ngokwesithethe. Oku kwakhiwe komanyano kuvelisa oomongameli ngemiyalelo ebanzi kunokuba ivoti ecacileyo ethandwayo iphumele.

Ukunika Imiphumo Ecacileyo

Imigca ye-Electoral College idla ngokugqitha imida yevoti ethandwayo, inika izigunyaziso ezicacileyo kwaye iphephe ukuphikisana kwilizwe lonke. Ngo-1960, Kennedy waphumelela kwivoti ethandwayo ngo 0.17% kodwa wafumana uloyiso olunento olunento yokwenza nokhetho. Le mpembelelo inika uzinzo kunye nomthetho.

Le nkqubo ikwayi ichaza kumaphondo ngamanye kunokuba ifune ubude belizwe lonke. Ingxelo yowama 2000 Florida yayingenayo ngokwaneleyo; khawucinge ukuba isiphithiphithi kuzo zonke iireyithimenti ezingama-50. Ikhompathimente ye-Electoral ifaka iimbambano, ithintela iivoti ezimbalwa eKhalifoniya ekuxhobiseni uthelekelelo lwelizwe lonke.

Umanyano

I-Electoral College iquka imigaqo yecandelo yezobunyani ephakathi kwisakhiwo somGaqo-siseko waseMelika. Amazwe asebenzisa eyawo imiqathango, amisela eyawo imithetho (ngemida esekelwe kumgaqo-siseko), kwaye agcina ukubaluleka kwawo njengemida yezopolitiko kunokuba amaqela olawulo.

Le ndlela yolawulo ivumela uvavanyo − uMaine kunye neNebraska yesithili, uvavanyo lokuvota olukwindawo ephantsi, kunye nemithetho yokuvota yakudala eyahlukeneyo. Uvoti oluthandwayo lwesizwe ingafuna imilinganiselo yonyulo, ukunciphisa ukuzilawula kukarhulumente.

Ugcino Lokhuseleko Lwecandelo Elibini

I-Electoral College efunekayo nephumayo yonke into eyindalo [[FLT: 0] inyanzela inkqubo yezahlulo ezimbini. Amaqela esithathu anqabile ukuphumelela iivoti zokhetho, akhuthaza amaqela amakhulu adibeneyo kunamaqela eepalamente aseYurophu afuna oorhulumente abantsonkothileyo abantlukwano.

Ngoxa kuthintelwa ukhetho, olu luzinzo luthetha ukuba iMelika iphepha ukwenziwa kweengxaki zikarhulumente ezithwaxa ezinye iidemokhrasi. Oomongameli bangena kwisikhundla ngegunya elicacileyo kunokuba bafumane amaqabane amancinane asebenzisanayo akhupha imvume yemithetho.

Impikiswano Enxamnye Nekholeji Ye - Electoral

Ulawulo - melo

Oku kugxekwa okusisiseko kulula: umvoti onevoti ezimbalwa angaphumelela. Oku kwenzeka ngo1876, 188, 2000, kunye 2016, kunye noMongameli Hayes, Harrison, Bush, noTrump bethatha iofisi phezu kokuphulukana nevoti ethandwayo. Ngo-2016, u-Pilato Clinton wafumana malunga nezigidi ezithathu zamavoti kunoDonald Trump kodwa walahlekelwa ngu 227-304 kwivoti yokhetho lokhetho.

Oku kwaphula umgaqo wedemokhrasi osisiseko .ukuthi uninzi lulawule. Akukho demokhrasi ivumela umgqibelisi wesibini ukuba aphumelele. IGalume, abalawuli, oosodolophu bonke bafuna uloyiso oluninzi; kuphela umongameli uvumela ukuvota okuqhelekileyo ukuba kuphumelele.

Abagxeki baphikisa oku ngokululaza ukubekwa ngokomthetho. Abalawuli banokuthi njani ukuba izigunyaziso xa inkoliso yabavoti ikhetha omnye umntu? Oku kungabi nagunyaziso kungenza buthathaka oomongameli ngokwezekhaya namazwe ngamazwe.

Inkcitho Yesimbo

Inkqubo ephumeleleyo ethatha yonke ingeniso ithetha [[FLT: 0] imibhobho yeevoti ayiphumeleli. IRiphabliki yase California okanye iDemocrat e-Alabama iyazi ukuba ivoti yabo yomongameli ayinakuchaphazela isiphumo. Oku kudala iingxaki ezininzi:

I-Fotop ecinezelweyo: Kutheni ivoti xa iziphumo zimiselwe kwangaphambili? Iimeko ezikhuselekileyo zibona unyuko olusezantsi, lucutha inxaxheba yedemokhrasi. Ngo-2020, uWisconsin wajonga i 75% yojikelezo qhaqha qhaqha qha qha qha, qha, qha, qha, qha, ka- 67% kwi-6% engadibanisiyo i New York.

Ilizwi elingahoywayo: Abavoti beTrump abazizigidi ezine-4.5 eKhalifoniya kunye ne 3.8-zigidi zeBiden abavoti eTexas babengenayo njongo ekukhetheni umongameli. Iivoti zabo zanyamalala kwisabelo sokuphumelela.

[[FLT: 0] Amaxabiso angalinganiyo[[FLT: 1]]: i-genean imisa ukubaluleka kwevoti. Uvoti wase Florida uthetha kakhulu; umvoti waseHawaii ubhalisa ngokungenalusini. Lo mba welizwe lomdlalo uphula umthetho wokulingana kwevoti.

Ukujijwa kwemeko yokutsala

I-Electoral College ibhekisa ingqalelo kwiphulo kwi- elinamazwe okhuphiswano. Ngo-2020, 96% yeziganeko zephulo zenzeka kumaphondo ali-12. Abathathi-nxaxheba baba neziganeko zephulo elingazilanga kumaphondo 33 emva kweendibano.

Oku kubangela izikhuthazo ezigqwethekileyo:

  • iFlorida's yabemi abakhulileyo iqhubela inkqubo yeMedicare
  • Ukuchitha ipennsylvania [ kwe-iphembelela inkqubo yamandla
  • Inkqubo yorhwebo yobume be-
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Abalimi be-Iowa bamisela inkxaso-mali yezolimo

Ngelixesha, ushishino lobugcisa baseKhalifoniya, icandelo lombane leTexas, kunye noshishino lwemali lwaseNew York olubalulekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho,(-) lufumana ingqalelo encinane yomongameli kuba amazwe abo awakhuphi.

Umthetho Oncinane Unokubakho

I-Electoral College yenza ukuba umthetho omncinci wenkqubo usebenze kwiinkqubo ezininzi

I-Senate Bias. Kuba urhulumente ngamnye ufumana abaququzeleli ababini nokuba baphi na abemi, umazwe amancinane agqithiselwe kakhulu. Amazwe angamashumi amabini amancinane anabaququzeleli abangama-40 ezigidi zabantu abangama-35; i-40-zigidi zeKhalifoniya inabaququzeleli ababini. Olu tyekelo ludlulisela kwivoti ezinyuliweyo.

[[FLT: 0] Iziphumo eziqhutywa nguMkhosi: Kumaphondo asebenzisa iindlela zesithili (okanye ukuba zixhaswe kakhulu), isithili esiqhutywayo singamisela amavoti okuvota okukhetha, ivumela iqela elincinane liphumelele iinkokeli.

[[FLT: 0] Intengiselwano ze-: Ukuba unyulo luya kwindlu, urhulumente ngamnye ufumana ivoti enye. Amazwe ama-26 amancinci amele 17% yabemi angakhetha umongameli.

Ukucinezela Imikhosi Yesithathu Nokuzihlaziya

IElectoral College ephumeleleyo-indawo yonke nemfuneko enkulu ngokunesiphumo ivala amaqela esithathu kukhuphiswano. Iqela lesithathu eliphumeleleyo 20% zweni lonke kodwa elingafumani mazwe lifumana iivoti ezingagqibekanga. Oku kwenzeka kuRoss Perot ngonyaka ka 1992.19% wamavoti, ivoti.

Olu lawulo lucinezelweyo lungakhethwa kwaye luthintele iingcamango ezintsha ekungeneni kwezobupolitika ezingundoqo. Lukwanceda amaqela amabini aphambili ukuba angazihoyi izikhundla ezithandwayo, azi abavoti abanandawo yanye.

Imicimbi emikhulu neMiba yeMicimbi

Intlekele ye-Hayes-Tilden yowe-1876

Unyulo 76 lwaphantse lwaphulwa idemokhrasi yaseMelika. UDemocrate Samuel Tilden waphumelela kwivoti ethandwayo ngo 3% kwaye wakhokela 18465 kwivoti ezikhethiweyo, enye yesithoba soloyiso. Amavoti angamashumi amabini aphikisanayo evela eFlorida, eLouisiana, eMzantsi Carolina, nase Oregon adala amanqam.

IKhomishini yeNkqutyana ye-Electoral yaseka iKhomishoni ekhethekileyo eyanika bonke oovoti abangama-20 kwiRiphabliki uRutherford Hayes kwimigca yeqela. Abalawuli bamaRiphabliki bamkela le ziphumo emva kokuba abantu baseRiphabliki bavumile ukuphelisa ukwakhiwa kwakhona, bashiya ama-Afrika akwingcinezelo kaJim Crow. I-Electoral College yarde yarcekeza amalungelo abantu ngenxa yoxolo lwezobupolitika.

Icandelo lobuTshazi lowama- 2000

unyulo luhla lusiya kumavoti angama-25 okhetho lweFlorida. Emva kwenyanga yochokozo, ukumangalela, kunye "ukugweba ukukhaba" iimbambano, isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo esi-5-4 Bhush v. Gore iyeka ukuchola, ukunika u-Bush i-5373-ove Florida umda kunye ne-iquader nangona ilahlekile kwilizwe lonke ngamavoti angamashumi amahlanu anesine anesine.

Oku kwabhenca ubungozi beElectoral College ku:

  • Imeko-mxhakamfulo wesimo ngokuqengqeleka komvoti ukhuphelo kunye nezicwangciso zebhola
  • ungenelelo lwequmrhu oluvumela iinkundla ukumisela oomongameli
  • Isiphelo sexesha elicwangcisiweyo esibeka ugqibo kulunga

Emva koko kwabakho utshintsho oluninzi kunyulo kodwa iElectoral College ayizange itshintshe.

IChuzu lowama-2016

[[FLT: 0]2016 ibonisa uphandle lwale kholeji yeli xesha. Clinton wafumana nge 2.87 lezigidi zevoti.

Oku kwakungeyonto ingaqhelekanga kodwa uqhekeko olubekiweyo lwesakhiwo . Abalawuli abagxininisa ngokukhulayo kwizixeko, "bavota" kwimo yemove transport. IiRiphabliki zande ngokunempumelelo kwimimandla yasemaphandleni nakwimimandla yemabacu, ukwandisa i-Electoral College. Olu khetho luthetha ukuba iDemocrates ifuna imida ebanzi yokuvota ukuze izuze iintloko ezinkulu zeElectal College.

Ucelomngeni Lwama - 2020 NoJanuwari 6

Unyulo 2020 lwatyhila amatsha e-Electoral College bulneribitation. Phezu kwayo nje i-7-zigidi zevoti yeBiden's umda we-Biden ne 306-32 yoloyiso olukhethiweyo, imingeni kaTrump iphantse yaphumelela

  • Izicwangciso zokukhetha ezi-' apho iiRiphabliki kumazwe asixhenxe i Biden iphumelele iziqinisekiso zonyuso zobuxoki ezingenisiweyo
  • Uxinzelelo kumagosa karhulumente uku "fumana" amavoti okanye ukulahla isatifiketi sokugunyazisa
  • Imizamo yokwala ukuququzelela ngexesha lobalo lwe-Januwari 6
  • Uxinzelelo lwe-Vice Mongameli ukulwa amavoti akhethiweyo angakhange aphinde afunyanwe

Uhlaselo lweCapitol olujolise ekuphazamiseni ubalo lwevoti, lubhenca indlela ezinzima ngayo iinkqubo zeElectoral College ezidala amathuba okubhukuqa okungasayi kubakho phantsi kwevoti ethandwayo.

Izindululo Zotshintsho Nezinye Iindlela

Ukukhuthaza iElectoral College

Olona tshintsho lucacileyo `[[FLT] ulungiso lwevoti ethandwayo ngokungqalileyo']] `````Indawo ejongene neengxaki ezingenakufikeleleka'''.'

Iimfuno ezilungelelanisiweyo[: Ii2-3 zombini Indlu neCathenal, kwangoko iindlu zowiso-mthetho ezintathu-ne zikarhulumente kufuneka zivume. Amazwe amancinci angenelwa kwinkqubo yangoku angathintela utshintsho.

Inyaniso ekhoyo: 33 umazwe anamaphepha angaphantsi kwe 11 avoti zonyulo kwaye angenelwe kunyuselo olugqithisileyo. Ukufumana amanqaku angama-38 ukunciphisa amandla awo kubonakala kungenakwenzeka.

Uluvo lukawonke-wonke luye luthande ukupheliswa ``ipolls'' zibonisa 60-65% ukuxhasa ukuvota okuqhelekileyo/kodwa ukwakhiwa komGaqo-siseko kuthintela uninzi ukuba lungalawuleki.

I- yesizwe ePopular Vote Interstate Compact [NPVIC) inikela isiphelo sokubaleka ngokujikeleze ukutshintshwa komgaqo-siseko. Amazwe athembisa ngevoti yawo kumvuzo wevoti yoluntu oluqhelekileyo kanye xa echaza ukudibanisa amavoti angama-270 okhetho.

[[FLT: 0] C Ubume bangoku: 17 udibanisa D.C. idibene, idityaniswe i-209 yokhetho olupheleleyo lwevoti ezi-209 zendlela yokwenza umsebenzi. Noko ke, zonke zingamazwe edemocratic-lean. Akukho mithetho yeRiphabliki idibene, inqanda inkqubela.

[[NTLA:0] Imibuzo esemthethweni: Abagxeki baphikisa iKhonkco eContract ingqungquthela ka Claus efuna imvume yoququzelelo lwesivumelwano sengingqi. Abaxhasi bayibala kuphela amandla akhoyo okunikezela abachongi.

Inkxalabo ezizenzekelayo: Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iimeko zirhoxa emva kokulahlekelwa? Uzakufomata umsebenzi? Ingawaguqula kakhulu amaphulo?

I-Altacas yeSithili

Ukwandisa imodeli yeMaine neNebraska kwilizwe lonke [[FLT: 0] ijongwe ngokhetho lwesithili sombutho dibanisa ezimbini zomvuzo obanzi.

Comment=Iindawo zokukhangela [[FULT: 1]

  • yenza iinkalo ezingakumbi zokhuphiswano
  • Ibonisa kakuhle iinguqu zemeko
  • Igcina isakhiwo soburhulumente

[[UMTL:0] Imidadis[[UMGAQO 1]:

  • Ukubekwa kweliso
  • Izakwenza ulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo/uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali
  • Ibangela ukuba kube lula ukusetyenziswa

Uhlalutyo lucebisa ukuba iRomney iphumelele ngo-2012 phantsi kwale nkqubo nangona imida yevoti ye-Obama engamawaka amahlanu, ebonisa indlela yokuzimela isantya esikwindawo encinci yolawulo oluncinci.

Indawo ekuhlala kuyo abantu

Amazwana angakhupha amavoti akhethiweyo ngokulinganayo kwivoti amanqaku. Ukuphumelela 60% yePennsylvania kungakhupha 12 kumavoti ayo angama-20.

[[UMTHL:0] Izixhobo zebhanethi:

  • Kuyo yonke indawo, ukuvota kuyafuneka
  • Amaqela esithathu anokuphumelela kwivoti
  • Inciphisa ulawulo lwezwe

Iprojekti

  • Akukho mntu unokufikelela kuma-70, ephosa unyulo kwiNdlu
  • Ifuna ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kolwamkelo lokukhulisa umntwana ukuze kuphetshwe ukuqhekeka kwabakhulisa kuqala
  • Iqhezu lovoti lokhetho lwenza ukuntsonkotha

Indlela Edibeneyo Yesithili

Indlela exubileyo [[FLT: 0] izakufumana enye ivoti evoti ekhethekileyo kwisithili ngasinye kunye nevoti zebhoti evoti yokuphumelela amazwe. Oku kwahluka kwindlela yesithili yangoku ngokususa ivoti evoti yonyulwa ngurhulumente ngokubanzi.

Oku kuza kudala isithili sokhuphiswano esizizi-435 kunye nebhonasi yentshukumisa kuphulo lwamazwe ngokubanzi. Kodwa ke, kunganyusa ngokuphawulekayo ukubaluleka kwe-gerrymandering kwaye kungavelisa iziphumo eziphithizelayo.

Isizathu Sokuba IElectoral College Iqhubeke Igxekwa

Isakhiwo

IElectoral College iyasinda kuba abo banikwe amandla okuyitshintsha bayangenelwa kuyo:

[[NTL:0] Imeko encinci iSiphakamiso se-: Abaququzeleli abasuka kumazwe afikelelweyo abazukunciphisa impembelelo yabo. Abaququzeleli be-Wyoming abanakuvota ukwenza i-Wyom ingasebenzi kwezobupolitika zomongameli.

[[UMTL:0] Iingenelo zeLizwe ezitsalayo: Iingingqi ezidityanisiweyo zifumana imali eninzi kakhulu yemali karhulumente, uncedo lwentlekele, kunye nenkxalabo yenkqubo. Kutheni le nto inikezela ngesi sixhathiso?

Ipartynames: iiRiphabliki zingenelwa ngoku kwi-Electoral college survement. Kutheni zinokuphelisa uncedo?

Umngcipheko wokuguqulwa

Kwanabahlalutyi beElectoral College boyika imiphumo engacwangciswanga:

Imali esetyenziswayo: Ingaba uvotelo oluthandwayo lungabiza imali eninzi? Ingaba iibhiliyoni zingaba nempembelelo engakumbi?

chaza i Chaos: Ingaba lonke unyulo olusondeleyo lungabangela unyulo lwelizwe lonke lubalise iinyanga ezihlala zihleli?

[[FLT: 0] Urban Donance: Ingaba iindawo zasemaphandleni zingahoywa ngokupheleleyo phantsi kwevoti ethandwayo?

[[UMTL:0] UbuGqirha: Ingaba idemokhrasi ethe ngqo inganceda iidemokhrasi zifumane iidemokhrasi ezifumana iintshayelelo eziziintlobo?

Olu loyiko -- lufanelekile, lunye lubaxiwe, lude lude lude lude lude lufike.

Intlonelo yomgaqo-siseko

AmaMelika amaninzi ajonga umGaqo-siseko njengongcwele, enza iinguqulelo zesakhiwo zivakalelwe njengezinto ezingaqhelekanga. IElectoral College, phezu kwazo nje iimpazamo zayo, ithwala ukungalawuleki kwabaseki. Ukuwushiya kuvakala ngathi kukushiya ubuMelika obungaqhelekanga ngokwabo.

Lo mzikelo womgaqo-siseko uthintela uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo. Abaseki balindele uhlaziyo oluthe rhoqo lomgaqo-siseko, --------------------------siseko basothusa kakhulu sineziphene ezingama-77 kuphela kwiminyaka engama- 235.

Ikamva Lekholeji YeElectoral

Ukutshintshana kwabemi kusenokuyibuyisela kwakhona iElectoral College ngokuzenzekelayo:

[[FLT: 0] USun Belt Growth: Texas, Florida, Arizona, kunye neGeorgia zifumana iivoti ezikhethiweyo kwaye ziba ngukhuphiswano. Oku kungaphelisa ungenelo lweElectoral College yangoku yeRepublica.

Rust Belt Decline: Michigan, Pennsylvania, kunye neWisconsin ziphulukana nempembelelo enxulumeneyo, zinokunciphisa ukubaluleka kwazo.

Ulwando lwe-URB: Ukukhula kwemimandla yemetro kumazwe angaphambili abomvu (Atlanta, Phoenix, Houston) kunakho ukuthatha indawo ye Democrat ngamashumi eminyaka.

Ezi nguquko zingenza iElectoral College ibe ngummeli ongakumbi, okanye i- entrench ingciso entsha esingakwaziyo ukuyixela kwangaphambili.

Impembelelo yobuxhakaxhaka

Ubuxhakaxhaka bungachaphazela iElectoral College ukutyhubela:

I-Micro-Target: ugcino-lwazi olukhulu luvumela ukujoliswa kwevoti okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, okunokwenzeka ukwenza oorhulumente abaninzi bakhuphisana kuphulo lotyando.

I-earfakes kunye neDisonsotion: IElectoral College yesizwe ngesiqu selizwe yenza uhlaselo lwendawo ezingama-51 ukwenzela uphatho lonyulo.

I-Online Organing: izixhobo zamanani zinokwenza amaqela esithathu akhuphisana ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi kwivoti ezikhethiweyo.

[[FLT: 0] Ukuvota okukhuselekileyo kwamanani kunganyusa ukhuphiswano, lungatshintsha imeko.

Ulungelelwaniso Lwezobupolitika

Imicimbi yezobupolitika yaseMerika ijongene nokuzinziswa okunokuphazamisa iElectoral College:

[[FLT: 0] Ukwenziwa kwentengiso : Ukuba abavoti abafunde ekholejini bayaqhubeka bebonakalisa idemokhrasi ngelixa bengavoti abangengovoti be-college be-Riphabliki yeRiphabliki ye-Rocean, amazwe angaphambili anokuba khuselekileyo ngexa amazwe akhuselekileyo ebanga ngukhuphiswano.

[[FLT: 0] Racial Depolazation: Intshukumo yabavoti- kwicala lasekunene yamaSpeyin ingenza umzantsintshona wokhuphiswano kumazwe asemaZantsi nenani elikhulu labamnyama ihlala ikhuselekile.

Ulungiso lwendlela yomzobo: Ukuqhubekeka kwedolophu/ububanzi bomhlaba kungenza amaphondo omhlaba agudileyo angaphezulu namazwe ancinci ajinga-jinga, amandla okunikela ingqalelo kwinani elincinci leendawo.

Isiphelo: Ukulalanisa okungafezekanga kwedemokhrasi

I- I-Electoral College ime njengesona simo sibalulekileyo senkqubo yokungalandeli melo-moya kwidemokhrasi yaseMelika `isixokelelwano esicetyelwe ixesha elahlukileyo, ukucombulula iingxaki ezingaphiliyo ngexesha lokudala abaqali abatsha abangazange bazicinge. Iguqula unyulo lomongameli ukusuka kukhuphiswano lwesizwe ukuya kumadabi aphakathi kwelizwe-mazwe, inyusa idemokhrasi yedemokhrasi, kwaye ibangela ukuba kubekho iziphumo eziphikisanayo ezithandwayo.

Kodwa iyaqhubeka, ifakwe ngokunzulu kwisakhiwo somgaqo-siseko saseMelika esibonakala singenakwenzeka. Kwanabo bagxeki bagweba ````````I-Electoral College'''' ifumana zonke izinto ezinamandla,' ifumana iziphumo ezingangqalanga, iyakwazi ukukhusela ezona zingenelo kwaye iza kuzikhusela ngokukrakra. Ikoleji ye-Electoral ifana nedemokhrasi ngokwayo: inkqubo embi ngaphandle kwabo bonke abanye esiboyikayo ukuzama.

Ukuqonda iElectoral College kuthetha ukuxakeka ngemibuzo esisiseko ngedemokhrasi yaseMerika. Ingaba ivoti nganye ifanele ibe nobalo olulinganayo, okanye ifanele ibe nombandela wokwabelana ngeendawo? Ingaba urhulumente ufanele ulondoloze idemokhrasi xa uphikisana nomthetho omninzi? Ingaba ingasinda xa iinkokeli zayo zingenazo imiyalelo ethandwayo?

Le asiyomibuzo nje yemfundo. Njengokuba iMelika ijongene nokunyuka kwenani labantu, ukuguquka kwamanani, nokuguquka kwedemokhrasi emhlabeni wonke, iElectoral College ichaza ukuba akangomntu obani nje ongumongameli kodwa ukuba uluntu luyamkela loo mongameli njengosemthethweni. Inkqubo esoloko ivelisa ukurhoxa kwevoti yoninzi ibeka iziphumo eziyingozi ezibonakalisa ukholo kulawulo-demokhrasi ngokwalo.

Impikiswano ye- ye-Electoral College [ ayinakuphela ngenxa yokuba ibonakalisa uxinezeleko olunzulu kwibutho lamaMelika (phakathi kwedolophu nemimandla yasemaphandleni, eyahlukeneyo kunye neyoburhulumente bolawulo-lwazi. Imbono yezolawulo-moya neyolawulo-moya oluphezulu. De iMelika isombulule ezi mfazwe zisisiseko, iElectoral College iza kuhlala: igxekwa yinkoliso, iphenduliswa yinye, ifumana oomongameli ukuzama ukulawula ulo lweshumi elinesibhozo lamawaka amashumi anesithoba.

Nokuba iElectoral College ekugqibeleni iyayiqinisa okanye iyenza ibe buthathaka idemokhrasi yaseMerika kuxhomekeke ekubeni amaMerika angayiguqula na ukuze abonise imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi yale mihla ngeli lixa igcina imigaqo eluncedo yorhulumente. Incoko ifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokunyanisekileyo kweenzuzo zokwenyaniso zenkqubo kunye neentsilelo zayo ezinzulu zedemokhrasi. Kuphela ngokuqonda abami banokwenza izigqibo ezithelekelelwayo malunga nokuba eli lungiselelo lahlukileyo liyakufanelekela kulondolozwa, kusini na, okanye liyapheliswa.

IElectoral College asiyondawo nje engaqhelekanga yedemokhrasi yaseMelika ```''' asiyondlela yokubonakalisa uxinezeleko lwethu olunzulu malunga noko kufuneka ibe yiyo idemokhrasi. Umbuzo asikokuba igqibelele; kukuba singenza ngcono kusini na. Le mpendulo ayiyi kubumba unyulo nje lwexesha elizayo kodwa iya kubumba ikamva ledemokhrasi yaseMelika ngokwayo.

Ongezelelweyo Oovimba

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