Ukuqonda amalungelo akho phakathi nokuhlangana kwamaphoyisa kubalulekile ukuze uzivikele futhi uqikelele ukuthi uphathwa kahle ngaphansi komthetho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umiswe emgwaqweni, uthathwa ngemoto, usondelwe ekhaya lakho, noma uthintwa umphakathi, wazi ukuthi ukuqinisa amalungelo akho kungawenza kanjani umehluko omkhulu ekubhekaneni nomphumela. Ukujwayela isivikelo somthetho kukwenza ukwazi ukuhlala uqinile, ugweme ukukhubazeka, futhi wenze okuthile uma lawomalungelo ephulwa.

Ilungelo Lakho Lokuhlala Uthule

Isichibiyelo sesihlanu soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. siqinisekisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula. Lelilungelo lisebenza kukho konke ukusebenzelana nomthetho, hhayi ngemva nje kokuboshwa. Awubophekile ngokomthetho ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana nendawo ohlala kuyo, amacebo akho, noma ngomunye imininingwane. Eqinisweni, ukuhlala uthule kungakuvimbela ekuzinqumeleni ngokunganaki, ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi awukho okungalungile. Ukusondela okuphephile kuyindlela ecacile futhi ngesizotha utshele isikhulu ukuthi, “Ngikhetha ukuhlala ngithule futhi ngingathanda ukukhuluma nommeli.” Uma nje ucela lokhu lungelo, izikhulu kumelwe ziyeke ukubuza imibuzo engaholela ekuzibekeni wena ngokwakho. Nokho, kumelwe uqhubeke unikeza ukuveza okuyisisekelo uma udinga umthetho, ikakhulukazi ekungeneni komgwaqo.

Isaziso esibalulekile: Ukuthula kukodwa kungakwenza ungavikeleki uma isikhulu siqhubeka sibuza. Kumelwe usebenzise igama lakho ilungelo lokuthula. Ezizweni eziningi, ukuhlala nje uthule akubhekwa njengokukhishwa kweSichibiyelo sesihlanu. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, funda umqondisi we-ACLU [[FLT:] ukuthi kufanele wenzeni uma amaphoyisa enqanyulwe .

Kufanele Ulifake Nini Ilungelo Lakho Lokuthula?

Kufanele ucele ilungelo lakho lokuthula noma nini lapho ubuzwa imibuzo esimweni somphathi noma sophenyo, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuboshwa ngenxa yokusolwa ngobugebengu, ukuphenywa ngemoto yamaphoyisa, noma ukuboshwa. Ngisho nokuphenywa okuvamile kwesikhulu emgwaqweni kungase kuklanyelwe ukunikeza ukwaziswa okungase kusetshenziswe kuwe kamuva. Akudingeki ukuba uphendule imibuzo ngaphandle kokuzichaza ukuthi uphoqelelwe nini umthetho.

Ilungelo Lakho Lokuya Ekhabetheni Le - Athoriney

Iziphakamiso zesihlanu nezesithupha zivikela ilungelo lakho lokuboshwa noma uma ukholelwa ukuthi awukhululekile ukuhamba, unelungelo lokucela ummeli. Kufanele ucele omunye ngokushesha bese wenqaba ukuphendula imibuzo kuze kube yilapho ummeli wakho ekhona. Lesi sicelo kumelwe sicace futhi siqondise kuwe njengo- “ngifuna ummeli” noma“ ngifuna ukukhuluma nommeli wami”. Uma ucela ummeli, amaphoyisa kufanele amise yonke imibuzo. Nokho, bangazama ukukubuza futhi kamuva, ngakho baphinde bacele isicelo sakho isikhathi ngasinye.

Ukungaqondi: Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukucela ummeli kubenza babonakale benecala. Eqinisweni, ukusebenzisa leli lungelo kuwusivikelo oluhlakaniphile olungokomthetho. Ngisho nabantu abangenacala bangasho okuthile okungaqondakali kahle. INkantolo Ephakeme inqume ngokungaguquki ukuthi ilungelo lokululeka liyisivikelo esiyisisekelo ekuzifuneleni ukwahlulela okuphoqelelwe.

Lapho Ucela I - athoneney

  • Phakathi nanoma ikuphi ukuphenywa kwejele: Uma ubuzwa esiteshini samaphoyisa, ejele, noma emotweni egadayo, unelungelo kummeli kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubekwe icala noma ubekwe icala.
  • Endaweni yokuhlola ukuphunyuka: Ungacela ummeli ngaphambi kokuba unqume ukuthi uzozithoba ekuhlolweni kwe-ecure noma u-aflyzer (imiphumela yokwenqaba iyahluka ngokwezwe).
  • Phakathi nokusesha noma ukuboshwa: Kufanele uphinde isicelo sakho kummeli kuyo yonke inqubo, ikakhulukazi uma upholishwa.

Ilungelo Lakho Lokwazi Ukuthi Kungani Unqandwa

Amaphoyisa kumelwe abe nokusola okunengqondo noma okungase kukwenze uvimbele. Ukusola okunengqondo kusho ukuthi isikhulu singakhomba amaqiniso aqondile aholela ekubeni sikhombe emsebenzini wobugebengu. Isizathu esizwakalayo singumthetho futhi siyadingeka ukuba uboshwe. Uma isikhulu sikumisa, unelungelo lokukubuza ukuthi, “Ingabe ngivalelwe?” Uma isikhulu sithi ukhululekile ukuya, ungahamba. Uma isikhulu sithi uboshiwe, cela isizathu. Nakuba isikhulu singafuni ukukunikeza incazelo engokomthetho ephelele esendaweni, kumelwe sibe nesisekelo esiqinile sokuma. Uma singenakunikeza isizathu esanelisayo, ungase-mphikelelweni esingokomthetho kamuva.

Ezifundazweni eziningi, ukuhluleka ukuziveza lapho kufunwa ngokomthetho kungathwala izijeziso. Nokho, akudingeki ukuba uphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo encinci ngaphandle kokunikeza igama lakho, ikheli, nosuku lokuzalwa ezifundeni eziningi. Ukuze uqonde okuningi, bheka incazelo [ ye-Conteginal Information Institute yokusola okunengqondo[.

Ilungelo Lakho Lokwenqaba Ukuhlola

ISichibiyelo sesine sikuvikela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeli nasekuqulekeni. Phakathi nokuma komgwaqo noma ukuma kwezimoto, ungakwenqaba ukuseshwa komuntu wakho, imoto yakho, noma impahla yakho. Nokho, uma isikhulu sinakho ngokunokwenzeka okubangela ukungenwa kwemidaka, iphunga elinamandla lezidakamizwa, noma ubufakazi obusobala obungawukhanya ngaphandle kwemvume yakho. Futhi, uma usesimweni sokuhlola noma ukuma kwezimoto, imithetho ingase ihlukane. Ukwenqaba kwakho kushiwo ngokucacile: “Angikuvumi ukuphenya.” Ungaphikisi ngokomzimba, njengoba lokho kungaholela ekumangalelweni. Kunalokho, yenza ukwenqaba kwakho ngamazwi asobala. Uma isikhulu singasho, ubufakazi bungabe bungatshalwa enkantolo njengesithelo sokufuna okungekho emthethweni.

Kunini Lapho Izikhulu Zingafuna Khona Ngaphandle Kokuvuma?

  • Uma benesiqinisekiso esizwakalayo sokufuna.
  • Uma kungenzeka ukuthi ziyimbangela (isib., iphunga lensangu, isikhali esibonakalayo).
  • Uma uboshiwe, bangahlola umuntu wakho nendawo eseduze ukuze bathole ukuphepha.
  • Kwezinye izindawo, ukuma kwezimoto kuvumela ukuphenywa uma iphoyisa lisola ngokunengqondo izenzo zobugebengu.

Kuthiwani ngokuhlola imoto? I-“automot display" ivumela amaphoyisa ukuba aphenye imoto ngaphandle kwemvume uma enesizathu seprobabl sokukholelwa ukuthi iqukethe ubufakazi bobugebengu. Kodwa uma ingenasizathu esingalindelekile, ukwenqaba kwakho kuyilungelo elingokomthetho. Funda okwengeziwe ku ACLU’s ekucwaningeni [.

Ilungelo Lakho Lokuqopha Ukuhlangana Kwakho

Kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingama-50, izakhamuzi ezizimele zinelungelo lokuqopha amaphoyisa enza imisebenzi yawo yasobala, uma nje engaphazamisi umsebenzi wamaphoyisa. Lelilungelo livikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala futhi liye laqinisekiswa ezinqumweni eziningi zikahulumeni. Ungasebenzisa ucingo, ikhamera, noma esinye isisetshenziswa sokuqopha. Qiniseka ukuthi umshini uyabonakala, futhi ungazami ukuwufihla ngendlela engacaciswa njengesongela. Ungasho futhi ngamazwi ukuthi ubhala. Uma isikhulu sikuyaleza ukuba uyeke ukuqopha, ungafaka iSichibiyelo sakho sokuQonda, kodwa uhambisane nesibopho uma besongela ukugwema ukubhekana nokuhlasela. Ukuqopha kungasebenza njengobufakazi bokuhlangana uma kudingekile.

Imingcele Engokomthetho Yokuqopha

  • [ Ukungavumelani: Ungavimbeki izikhulu noma uvimbe ukuhamba kwazo. Uma umile kude ngokuphephile, ukuqopha kwakho kuvame ukuvikelwa.
  • Ithemba lokungafihliwe:[ Awukwazi ukuqopha ngaphakathi kwekhaya lothile ngaphandle kwemvume, kodwa emigwaqweni yomphakathi, emigwaqweni, nasemigwaqweni, nasezakhiwoni zomphakathi, ilungelo lakho liqinile.
  • Imithetho ye-statem camtap:[ Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga imvume kuzo zonke izigameko ukuqopha umsindo. Nokho, izinkantolo ziye zathi ukuqopha amaphoyisa kuwumsebenzi ovikelekile ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala ngisho nakulezi zifunda, uma nje ungaqophi ngasese.

Ukuze uthole ukuwohloka kwemithetho yokuqopha ngokwesifundazwe, bheka i- Amaphepha-ndaba iKomiti ye Freedom of the Press.

Ongakwenza Uma Uboshwa

Uma isikhulu sikubopha, ukuziphatha kwakho kulezo zikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze uzivikele ngokomthetho nangokomzimba:

  • Unganqabi ukuboshwa. Ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi ukuboshwa akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho, ukumelana kungaholela ekumangalelweni okwengeziwe (umz., ukumelana nokuboshwa, ukuhlaselwa kwesikhulu) noma ukulimala ngokomzimba. Uyakuba nethuba lokuncintisana ngokomthetho kamuva enkantolo.
  • ufaka amalungelo akho ngokucacile. Yisho, “Ngiqinisa ilungelo lami lokuthula. Ngifuna ummeli.” Phinda lokhu izikhathi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
  • Ubonelo nedokhumende. Zama ukuphawula inombolo yebheji lesikhulu, igama, inombolo yemoto, kanye nokwaziswa kofakazi. Uma unocingo, yinike umbheki noma umthathi wamaphuzu.
  • Ungaphenduli imibuzo ngaphandle kommeli wakho. Ngemva kokuboshwa, amaphoyisa angaqhubeka ezama ukukubuza. Qhubeka uqinisa amalungelo akho uze ummeli wakho afike.

Ukuqonda Ukuziphatha Kwamaphoyisa Namalungelo Akho Phakathi Nezenzakalo Ezihlukahlukene

Amalungelo akho angase ahlukahluka kuye ngomongo: ukuthi usemotweni, emgwaqweni, ekhaya, noma esakhiweni somphakathi.

Izimoto Ziyama

Phakathi nokuma kwezimoto, kuyadingeka ukuba unikeze ilayisense yakho yokushayela, ukubhalisa, nobufakazi bomshuwalense. Kumelwe udonsele ngaphandle kokuba utshelwe ukuthi uhamba. Akudingeki uphendule imibuzo mayelana nokuthi uyaphi noma wenzani. Unelungelo lokunqaba ukusesha imoto engenamvume. Uma isikhulu sicela ukuhlola imoto yakho, ungasho ukuthi, “Angivumi ukusesha.” Kodwa, uma isikhulu sinombango ofanele, siyofuna ukuphenya. Uma usolwa nge-DUI, kungase kudingeke ukuba uvume ukuphenya ngemithetho egunyaziwe (nake ungayilahla, ngemiphumela efana nelayisense).

Ukuma NoFrisk (Ukuma Kwesimo Somjaho)

KuTerry, isikhulu singabamba izingubo zakho zangaphandle uma benokungabaza okunengqondo kokuthi uhlomile futhi uyingozi. Lokhu akukona ukufuna okuphelele. Kufanele uhlale uzolile, ugcine izandla zakho zisobala, futhi ungavumi ukuphenya ngalé kwe-pat-ma. Ungathi, “Angivumi ukuphenya.” Uma isikhulu sinomuzwa wokuthi kukhona okungaba isikhali, singafinyelela ekhukhwini lakho. Uma sithola ukuthi ibhande elingenayo linemizwa esobala (imfundiso engacacile”, kungase kube yi-admisble enkantolo. Ilungelo lakho lokwenqaba ipat-demist lilinganiselwe. Uma isikhulu sinokweshelwa ngokomthetho, singasho ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa uma sithola isikhala esiqoko serekhodi.

Ekhaya Lakho

Amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga imvume yokufuna ukungena ekhaya lakho, ngaphandle kokuba kuvele izimo eziphuthumayo (njengezimo eziphuthumayo, ukubhujiswa okuseduze kobufakazi, noma umuntu osengozini). Ngisho nangesiqinisekiso, unelungelo lokukubona ngaphambi kokuba uvumele ukungena. Ungangena ngaphandle futhi uvale umnyango ukuze uvimbele iphoyisa ukuba lingaboni ngaphakathi. Uma amaphoyisa ecela ukungena, ungasho ukuthi, “Angivumi ukuphenya.” Ungasivimbeli isicabha, njengoba kungabhekwa njengokuthiwa isithi isithi imende. Uma engena ngaphandle kwemvume, qaphela izimo futhi uthintane nommeli kamuva.

Ngemva Kokuhlangana: Ukubika Ukuziphatha Okungafanele

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho ephulwe (ngoba kwenziwa ngokufuna okungekho emthethweni, ngamandla eqile, ukuhlukumeza, noma ukwehluleka ukudumisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula) unelungelo lokufaka isikhalo. Ukuthatha isinyathelo kungasiza ukuba izikhulu ziphendule futhi zivikele abanye ekuphathweni okufanayo.

  • Uxwebhu lonke. bhala phansi usuku, isikhathi, indawo, igama noma inombolo yamabheji yesikhulu, noma ofakazi, kanye ne-akhawunti eningiliziwe yalokho okwenzekile. Uma unezinhlelo zevidiyo noma zemisindo, zigcine.
  • Ikhodi liyisikhalo. [ Xhumana nengxenye yomnyango wamaphoyisa, ibhodi yokukhononda kwezakhamuzi, noma ihhovisi lommeli wesigodi lendawo. Iminyango eminingi inezindlela zolayini zokulungisa izikhalo zokuziphatha okubi.
  • Funa iseluleko somthetho. Ummeli wamalungelo omphakathi angakululeka ukuthi uphishekele yini ukumangalelwa kwecala ngenxa yomonakalo noma ufune ukucindezela ubufakazi obutholakele ngokungemthetho. Izinhlangano ezinjenge ACLU kanye namaqembu osizo olungokomthetho asendaweni zinganikeza nesiqondiso.
  • Umbiko kumanxusa aqondisayo. Kwamanye amadolobha, amabhodi azimele amaphoyisa avuma izikhalo. Ungathintana noMnyango wobulungisa wase-U.S. uma ukonakala kubonakala kuhilela indlela yokuxhaphaza.

Amalungelo Nezivikelo Engeziwe

Ngaphandle kwamalungelo ayinhloko okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla, kunezinye izivikelo ezibalulekile okumelwe ziqashelwe:

  • [ ukwazi izikhalo. Uma uboshwa, unelungelo lokutshelwa ngamacala obekwe wona ngokushesha.
  • ekugcineni ucingo. Ngemva kokwenza incwadi, uvunyelwe ngokuvamile ukwenza ucingo, sebenzisa ucingo ukuze uthintane nommeli, hhayi ukuxoxa ngecala lakho.
  • [ Ukhuseleko emandleni eqile. ISichibiyelo sesine senqabela amandla angenangqondo phakathi nokuboshwa. Uma isikhulu sisebenzisa amandla angaphezu kwalawo anengqondo, singaba nesiqu somphakathi.
  • [[UMTL:0] uqonde ekuzameni okusheshayo. ISichibiyelo seSithandathu siqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke ugcinwe unomphela ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.

Ukuze uthole ukucaciswa okubanzi kwamalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo phakathi nokuhlangana nomthetho-mthetho, vakashela i- Cornell Information Institute of Legal Institute yeSichibiyelo sesine ne ’s ACLU’s Sazi Isiqondiso Sakho Samalungelo [.

Amaphutha Avamile Okumelwe Agwenywe Phakathi Nokuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa

Nakhu ukuphambuka okuvamile okumelwe kugwenywe:

  • [ Ukumemeza noma ukumemeza. Ukuphakamisa izwi lakho noma ukulwa kungaholela ekuqumbeleni nasekumangaleleni okwengeziwe. Zigcine uzolile futhi uqinile.
  • [[UMTL:0] uyabaleka.[ Uma ukhululekile ukuhamba, hamba uzolile. Ukugijima kunganikeza isikhulu isisombululo esinengqondo sokukuvimbela.
  • [[INTLO] Ubambene nesikhulu. Ungaqambi amanga. Ukuqamba amanga kungabekwa njengesiphazamiso noma izinkulumo ezingamanga. Kunalokho, sebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula.
  • Ukuvuma ukuseshwa lapho ulindele ukuvunyelwa. Izikhulu eziningi zicela imvume yokusesha futhi zithi, “Uma ungenalutho lokufihla, uzongivumela ngibheke.” Unelungelo lokwenqaba, futhi ukwenza kanjalo akusho ukuthi unecala.
  • Ukufuna izinto ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Uma ufuna ukufinyelela ilayisense yakho, ukubhalisa, noma isikhwama semali, tshela isikhulu kuqala: “Ilayisense yami isephaketheni lami lokudla.” Ukufinyelela kungazelelwe kungaqondwa njengokufinyelela isikhali.

Isiphetho

Amalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo angamathuluzi anamandla okuvikela ekuphathweni futhi aqinisekise isimiso sobulungisa. Ngokuqonda nangokuwasebenzisa ngokufanelekile lamalungelo − kuhlanganise nelungelo lakho lokuthula, ilungelo lakho kummeli, ilungelo lakho lokunqaba ukuphenya, nelungelo lakho lokubhala ngo---------------------agnomet amaphoyisa angakuvikela ngokuqiniseka nangokuzola. Khumbula ukuhlala uzolile kodwa uqine, futhi ubhale yonke into. Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa, ungaphindiseli; kunalokho, sebenzisa isikhalo esimisiwe nezindlela ezingokomthetho. Imfundo iyisivikelo sakho esingcono kakhulu. Yabelana lolu lwazi nomkhaya nabangane, ngoba ukwazi amalungelo akho akuwona nje kuphela ukuphepha kwakho wonke umuntu emphakathini.