Table of Contents

Igatsha lemithetho liyinye yezingxenye ezinamandla kakhulu nezibalulekile zikahulumeni wentando yeningi, lisebenza njengezwi labantu nendikimba eyinhloko yokwenza umthetho e-United States. Kuvoti abafuna ukuhlanganyela ngokomthetho wentando yeningi, baqonda indlela igatsha lomthetho olawulayo elisebenza ngayo, isakhiwo salo, imibuso, kanye nobuhlobo namanye amagatsha kahulumeni bubalulekile. Lesisiqondiso esibanzi sihlola konke okudingayo ngolwazi ngegatsha lomthetho nendlela elithinta ngayo ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke.

Liyini Igatsha Elingokomthetho?

Igatsha lemithetho limiswa yiSiphakamiso I soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. futhi lakhiwa yindlu yabameleli neSigele sase-U.S. Njengegatsha likahulumeni elilinganayo elilodwa nohulumeni ophethe amagatsha aphethe nahluleli, igatsha lomthetho linomthwalo wemfanelo oyisisekelo wokwakha, ukuphikisana, ukuthena, nokudlulisa imithetho ebusa isizwe.

OFata Abasungulwayo baklama ngamabomu igatsha lemithetho ukuba libe igatsha lokuqala elichazwe kuMthetho - sisekelo, bebonisa inkolelo yabo yokuthi amandla okwenza imithetho kufanele ahlale nabameleli abakhethwe ngokuqondile abantu.

Isakhiwo SaseBidaral: Iziteshi Ezimbili Zisebenza Ndawonye

Ukuqonda Ukuzitika Ngezinkolo

U-Bidameral usho ukuthi uMkhandlu unezindlu ezimbili: Indlu Yommeleli neSigele. Lesimiso samakhambi amabili asikhethwanga ngokuthanda kodwa sabangelwa ukucabangisisa nokuhlehla phakathi noMhlangano woMthetho-sisekelo ka-1787.

Abasunguli banquma ukuthi isishaya-mthetho esinezintambo ezimbili sizoba ngcono, ngoba amagumbi amabili anikeza ungwengwezi lwezinhlokwana nezilinganiso phakathi kweSishaya-mthetho. UJames Madison waphawula ukuthi ububhiyakazi bungakha izidumbu ezimbili ezihlukene zabantu abangase babuke futhi bahlolane.

Ukuhlehla Okukhulu

Sinezindlu ezimbili zoMkhandlu ngenxa yokuhlehla okwenziwa amaFata Okusungulwa phakathi noMhlangano woMthetho-sisekelo. Impikiswano igxile ekumelelweni kwemibuso esigungwini sikahulumeni esisha. Amazwe amakhulu ayefuna ukumelelwa okusekelwe emphakathini, kuyilapho amazwe amancane ayesaba ukunqotshwa nokufunwa kwemidwebo elinganayo.

Ikhambi, elaziwa ngokuthi iGreat Relegion or Connecticut Relect, ladala isishaya-mthetho lapho abakhi be-frameral banikeza khona igatsha le-badameral lomthetho elinophawu olulinganayo eSigeqeni kanye nokumelelwa okulinganayo okusekelwe ezakhamuzini zikahulumeni eMzini. Lelilungiselelo lalinganisela inzuzo yamazwe amakhulu namancane lapho kwakhiwe isimiso sokuhlola ngaphakathi egatsheni lemithetho ngokwalo.

Indlu Yabameleli

Indlu yabameleli iyindikimba enkulu enamalungu asekelwe ezakhamuzini zikahulumeni ngamunye. Ngamalungu ayikhulu, iSigele singumphakathi osondelene kakhulu, ongekho emthethweni kunendlu, enamalungu angu-435 akhethwe ezifundeni acishe abelingana.

Isimiso sethu njengamanje sinikeza igama elithatha iminyaka emibili lehhovisi lamalungu eNdlu ezindaweni ezingu-435 ezisekelwe kumphakathi. Lobu bude obufushane babuhloselwe ukugcina abameleli bexhunywe kubantu abakhonzayo futhi basabela kakhulu ekushintsheni umbono womphakathi. Indlu yayibhekwa njengegumbi lomphakathi," ikhethwe ngokuqondile yizakhamuzi futhi iboniswe izithakazelo eziseduze nezithakazelo zemiphakathi yendawo.

Ngenxa yobungako bayo kanye nobukhulu bokhetho, i House ithambekele ekusabeleni kakhulu ezicini zezombangazwe zamanje nasemzwelweni womphakathi.

ISigele Sase - United States

KuyiSigele, abavoti bombuso ngamunye bakhetha amaSenator amabili, akhonza amagama aneminyaka eyisithupha ahambisanayo (njengalawo kuphela ayingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yegumbi alungele ukukhethwa kunoma yimuphi umjikelezo wokhetho). Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza ukuzinza nokuqhubekela phambili enqubweni yokushaya umthetho, siqinisekisa ukuthi iSigele silondoloza ulwazi lwenhlangano nokuhlangenwe nakho ngisho nanjengoba amanye amalungu eshintsha.

ISigele ekuqaleni sasiklanyelwe ukuba sibe umzimba ozidelela kakhulu, unikeze ithonya elipholisayo eMzini ongase ube nesu lokuthatha izintambo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithetho yeSigele nezinqubo, kungcono ukuhlobana nesenzo esisheshayo, njengoba sinikeza abahlaziyi abanomthetho ababalulekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nabasizi ngabanye bangaba nethonya eliqinile enqubweni yokushaya umthetho ngezindlela ezisebenza njenge-nfalbuster futhi babambe inqubo.

Indlu kuphela engasungula umthetho wenzuzo, futhi iSigele kuphela esiqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli nezivumelwano ezivumayo, kodwa ukumiswa komthetho njalo kudinga ukuba womabili amakamu avumelane ngokuhlukana nomthetho ofanayo ngaphambi kokuba awunike uMongameli. Lemibuso eyingqayizivele ibonisa izindima ezihlukene igumbi ngalinye elidlala kuhulumeni wombuso.

Indlela Inqubo Yokushaya Indiva Esebenza Ngayo

Ukusuka Embonweni Kuya Esithunyweni

Imithetho iqala njengemibono. Okokuqala, ummeleli uxhasa umthetho. Noma yiliphi ilungu leSishaya-mthetho – elivela eNdlu noma eMzini noma abameleli – abanomqondo womthetho angabhala umthetho. Lemibono ivela kumalungu oMkhandlu ngokwawo noma kuzakhamuzi zansuku zonke nakumaqembu ombuso.

Inqubo yomthetho wokuhlela iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga ukunaka ngokucophelela ulimi olungokomthetho nemithetho ekhona. Amalungu eSishaya-mthetho asebenza nezisebenzi zemithetho nochwepheshe bezomthetho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindleko ezihlongozwayo zihlelwe kahle futhi zizwakala ngokomthetho. Uma nje sekuqanjwe, uma ummeleli eyisixhasi, imvume iqala eMkhayeni. Uma iSenator ingumxhasi, umthetho usungulwa eNdlungwini.

Isabelo Sekomiti Nokubukeza

Imali inikezwa ikomiti yokuhlola. AmaKomiti angamahhashi asebenzayo eSishaya-mthetho, lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kwemithetho. Kuwo womabili amagumbi, uchwepheshe abaningi bezimiso bahlala kumakomiti amile – izishaya-mthetho zamalungu aphuma kuzo zombili izigaba ezihola ekuthuthukiseni nasekuhlolweni komthetho. Amalungu ngokuvamile akhonza ebhodini elincane lamakomiti, ngokuvamile iminyaka eminingi, evumela ukuba abe nolwazi oluphezulu ezindaweni ezithile zemithetho.

Uma ikomiti iphethe icala, lihlolwa ngokucophelela futhi amathuba ayo okudlula yiyo yonke i-Congress anqunywa. Ikomiti ingase ikhethe ngisho nokuthatha ukuqulwa ukuze iqonde kangcono incazelo yaleli tyala. Ukuzwa kuvumela imibono yegatsha eliphethe, ochwepheshe, ezinye izikhulu zomphakathi nabasekeli, kanye nabaphikisi bomthetho ukuba baqoshwe.

Izindaba zekomiti zifeza izinjongo eziningi. Zinikeza i-commission yokwaziswa okuqoqiwe, zivumela abaphethe ukuba baveze imibono yabo, zenze umlando wasobala wobufakazi nobufakazi, futhi zisize amalungu amakomiti enze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokuthi kufanele athathe umthetho yini futhi kanjani. Uma ikomiti ingathathi nyathelo, isambathiwe njengesithi "afile".

Impikiswano Nemisebenzi Yokucula Eyindawo Ezungezile

Uma ikomiti ikhipha, izimali zibekwa ekhalendeni ukuze zivotelwe, ziphikiswane noma zilungiswe. Inqubo yengxoxo yasesitezi ihluka kakhulu phakathi kwendlu neSigele, ibonisa ubukhulu bazo obuhlukile nemithetho ehleliwe.

Kulendlu, impikiswano ivame ukuhlelwa futhi ibekwa isikhathi, i-Migastion Committee ivame ukumisa imingcele eqondile yempikiswano ethatha isikhathi eside nokuthi iziphi izinguquko ezinganikezwa. ESigeqeni, impikiswano ngokuvamile ibekwa ngaphandle, futhi abasizi banenkululeko enkulu yokunikeza izinguquko futhi bakhulume kabanzi ngezindaba.

Uma isamba semali sidlula ngeningi (218 kuya ku-435), ingemuva isiya eSigele. Nokho, uhambo lwemithetho alukapheli kule nkathi. Igumbi lesibili kumelwe lithathe inqubo yalo ephelele yokuhlola amakomiti, ukuphikisana, nokuvota.

Ukulungisa Ukungezwani Phakathi Kwezikhungo

Uma izindikimba zombili sezivotelwe ukuba zamukele isikweleti, kumelwe zilungise noma yikuphi ukungafani phakathi kwezinguqulo ezimbili. Uma indlu neSigele kudlulisa izinguqulo ezihlukene zemali efanayo, kumelwe zivumelanise lokhu kungafani ngaphambi kokuba umthetho uqhubeke kuMongameli.

I-United States Congress inamakomiti engqungquthela yokuxazulula ukungavumelani phakathi kwemithetho yendlu ne-Gaear, efana "Izinqumo" epalamende laseWestminster. Amakomiti engqungquthela ayimikhakha yesikhashana eyakhiwe amalungu avela kuzo zombili izindlwana asebenzela ukwakha uhlelo olulodwa, olunobunye lomthetho ezingase ziwuvume zombili izindlu.

Isenzo Sobumongameli

Ngemva kokuba womabili amagumbi evumele izimvume ezifanayo zesivumelwano, siya kuMongameli ukuze sicatshangelwe. Uma uMongameli evuma umthetho, uyasayinwa futhi ube umthetho. Uma uMongameli engathathi nyathelo izinsuku eziyishumi ngesikhathi isishayamthetho siseqenjini, isikweleti sivele sibe umthetho.

Uma umongameli ekhetha ukukhipha umthetho, ezimweni eziningi uMkhandlu ungavota ukukhipha lowomthetho futhi umthetho ube umthetho. Uma kokubili iSigele nendlu kudlulisa isibalo ngenani eliphindwe kathathu, iveto kaMongameli iyalwa, futhi umthetho uba umthetho. Nokho, ukuhoxa akuvamile, kudinga ukusekela okuqinile kwe-bipartisan.

Kodwa uma umongameli engasayini esikweletini futhi esaphathwayo lapho uMkhandlu ungasaphathwa, isigwebo sizokhishwa ngokwephutha. Lesisenzo sibizwa ngokuthi iveto ephaketheni, futhi ngeke sigcwale i-Congress.

Isimiso SeKomiti: Lapho Umsebenzi Wangempela Wenzeka Khona

AmaKomiti avame ukuchazwa njengemishini yeSishaya-mthetho, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Umsebenzi omningi oningiliziwe wokwenza, ukuhlaziya, nokucwengisisa umthetho wekomiti kunokuba ulungiswe phansi kwendlu noma iSishaya-mthetho. Ukuqonda indlela amakomiti asebenza ngayo kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuthonya inqubo yomthetho noma omane aqonde indlela imithetho ehlelwa ngayo.

Amakomiti Amile

Amakomiti amile angamakomiti ahlala njalo agxile ezindaweni ezithile ezingokomthetho ezinjengokulima, izinkonzo zezikhali, imfundo, imali, noma ukuhlangana kwezizwe. La makomiti akhona kusukela kwenye i-Congress kuya kwenye futhi asingatha umsebenzi omkhulu womthetho. Ikomiti ngayinye emile ilawula izinhlobo ezithile zomthetho, futhi izikweletu zabelwa amakomiti asekelwe endabeni yawo.

Wonke amakomiti abekwa isihlalo yilungu leqembu elikhulu, nakuba izihlalo zivame ukusebenza eduze nelungu eliphezulu lekomiti, ilungu elikhulu kunawo wonke leqembu elincane ekomitini. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela kokubili ukulawulwa kweningi nokufakwa kweqembu elincane enqubweni yekomiti.

Khetha Amakomiti Akhethekile

Amakomiti akhethiwe noma akhethekile amakomiti esikhashana asungulwe ngenjongo ethile, ngokuvamile ukuze ahlole izindaba ezithile noma aqhube izifundo ezikhethekile. Ngokungafani namakomiti amile, ngokungafani namakomiti akhethiwe, amakomiti avamile awanalo igunya lokubika umthetho phansi, nakuba kunamakomiti ahlukene. ngokuvamile la makomiti adilizwa lapho eseqedela imisebenzi yawo.

AmaKomiti Ahlangene

Amakomiti ahlangene ahlanganisa amalungu aseNdlu neSigele futhi agxile kakhulu ezindabeni zokuqondisa noma zokulungisa izindlu esikhundleni somthetho. Izibonelo zihlanganisa iKomiti ehlangene ekunyatheliseni kanye neKomiti Yobulungu eMtatsheni. Lamakomiti asiza ekuhleleni imisebenzi phakathi kwamagumbi amabili kanye nezindaba zenkulumo ezithinta i-Congress iyonke.

AmaKomiti Engqungquthela

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amakomiti engqungquthela ayikomiti yesikhashana eklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa ukungafani phakathi kwemiyalo yendlu neSigele. La makomiti afeza indima ebalulekile ezigabeni zokugcina zenqubo yomthetho wokushaya umthetho, esebenzela ukumisa umthetho oyekethisayo womabili amaqembu angawumukela.

Amandla Nemithwalo Yemfanelo Yegatsha Elingokomthetho

Ukuqonda la mandla kusiza abavoti ukuba baqonde ukubaluleka kokhetho lwezinhlangano kanye nethonya abashaya izishaya - mthetho abanalo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Ukubeka Igunya Emthetho

Amandla ayinhloko nayisisekelo kakhulu egatsha lomthetho yigunya lokwenza imithetho. ISiphakamiso I soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. sinikeza wonke amandla okushaya umthetho eSishaya - mthetho: Indlu yabameleli neSigele esiwumphumela "Wokuhlehla Okukhulu" okufuna ukulinganisela imiphumela yemisebenzi emikhulu ethandwayo nezithakazelo zamazwe.

Lamandla okwenza umthetho agcwele, ahlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekukhokheni intela nokusebenzisa imali kuya ekuqondiseni kwezentengiselwano, isimiso sokufuduka, umthetho wobugebengu, nezinye izici ezingenakubalwa zesimiso somphakathi. Wonke umthetho kahulumeni, kusukela ekulungiseni okukhulu kuya kushintsho oluncane lobuchwepheshe, kumelwe udlule ngenqubo yomthetho eMkhandlwini.

Amandla Okudla

Enye yemibuso ebaluleke kakhulu yeSishaya-mthetho ukulawula imali esetshenziswayo kahulumeni. UMthetho-sisekelo unika iKhongolose igunya elikhethekile lemali efanelekile, okusho ukuthi ayikho imali engasetshenziswa embonini kahulumeni ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa kwe-communion. Le "igunya lesikhwama" yenza i-Congress ibe negunya elikhulu phezu kwegatsha eliphethe nezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Unyaka ngamunye, iSishaya-mthetho kumelwe sidlulisele izikweletu zemali ukuze sixhase imisebenzi kahulumeni. Ngale nqubo, abashaya izishaya-mthetho bangathonya isimiso ngokunquma ukuthi iziphi izinhlelo ezithola imali, zingaphi, zisebenzisa ziphi izimo ezihlobene naleyo mali. La mandla enza ukuba uhlelo lwemali lwaminyaka yonke lube ngenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu nenombango eMkhandlwini.

Ukugada Nokuphenya

Ngaphandle kokwenza imithetho, uMkhandlu unomthwalo wemfanelo wokwengamela ukumiswa nokugcinwa kwaleyo mithetho.

AmaKomiti aqondisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokuqulwa kwecala lapho izikhulu zezinhlangano zifakaza khona, ahlola izindaba ezithile noma izinsolo zokungalungi, nemibiko edingekayo njalo ezinhlanganweni eziphethe.

Iseluleko Nokuvumelana

ISigele sinomthwalo okhethekile womthetho-sisekelo wokunikeza "imvume nemvume" ekuhlolweni komongameli nasezivumelwaneni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iSigele kumelwe siqinisekise ukumiswa komongameli ezikhundleni eziyinhloko, kuhlanganise nonobhala bamaKhabhinethi, abahluleli bakahulumeni, amanxusa, kanye namanxusa ezinhlangano ezinkulu.

Le nqubo yokuqinisekisa ivumela abasekeli ukuba bahlole abameleli, bahlole izimfanelo zabo, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bafanelekela izikhundla zabo. Ngokufanayo, iSigele kumelwe sivumele izivumelwano ezixoxwa nguMongameli namazwe angaphandle, zidinga amavoti amabili-ntathu ukuze athandwe. Lombuso unikeza ithonya eliphawulekayo enqubeni yakwamanye amazwe nasekwakheni kukahulumeni.

Ukuzifunela

UKhongolo-mthetho luphethe amandla okususa izikhulu zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise noMongameli, ngenqubo yokungagunyazi. Indlu yabameleli inamandla okuphela (anegunya elingumthetho) ngezikhulu "zobugebengu obukhulu nezingalawuleki," kuyilapho iSigele sinamandla okuphela okuzama ukukhipha amacala nokukhipha izikhulu ehhovisi ngevoti eyisithathu.

Nakuba ukujezisa kuyivelakancane futhi kugcinelwe ukuziphatha okubi okungathi sína, kumelela ishende elibalulekile emandleni okuqondisa nawokwahlulela, eliqinisekisa ukuthi akukho sikhulu esingaphezu komthetho.

Amandla Empi

UMthetho - sisekelo unikeza iSishaya - mthetho amandla okumemezela impi, ukuphakamisa nokusekela amabutho, ukugcina ibutho lasemanzini, nokwenza imithetho elawula amabutho ahlomile.

Lokhu kuhlukana kwemibuso yempi kuye kwaba umthombo wengxabano phakathi kwamagatsha alawulayo nawo wonke umlando waseMelika, ikakhulukazi enkathini yanamuhla lapho izimpi ngokuvamile zivela ngaphandle kokumemezela okungokomthetho kwempi.

Ama - check and thess: Igatsha Elinomthetho Elihambisana Nemibandela

Igatsha lemithetho alizihlukanisi nabantu, liyingxenye yesimiso esiklanywe ngokucophelela sokuhlola nokulinganisela okuvimbela noma iliphi igatsha likahulumeni ukuba libe namandla kakhulu.

Ukuhlola Igatsha Eliphethe

Ngemva kwenqubo yokushaya umthetho ngokwayo, ecindezela lokho uMongameli angakwenza, uKhomishane ulawula ukuxhaswa kwezimali zemisebenzi yegatsha eliphethe, ukumiswa komongameli, kungadlula umongameli, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinhlangano eziphethe.

Isivumelwano seSigele samandla okuguqula isakhiwo kanye nekhono lamagumbi lokukhipha uMongameli linikeza ezinye i-cheke. ISishaya-mthetho singamisa umthetho phezu komongameli we-veto futhi sinamandla okuhlola imisebenzi yegatsha eliphethe.

Ukuhlola Igatsha Lokwahlulela

Nakuba igatsha lokwahlulela lichaza imithetho, uMkhandlu umisa leyomithetho futhi ungayishintsha noma uyilungise uma ingavumelani nezincazelo zokwahlulela.

UKhongolose futhi unamandla okumisa izinkantolo eziphansi zikahulumeni, ukunquma ukubusa kwazo, futhi umise inani lamajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, iSishaya-mthetho singasikhipha amajaji kahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSishaya-mthetho singaveza izinguquko zomthetho-mthetho zokudlula izinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme ezisekelwe ekuchazeni umthetho ngokomthetho.

Indlela Amanye Amagatsha Abheka Ngayo Izishaya - mthetho

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela sisebenza ezinhlangothini eziningi. UMongameli angagunyaza umthetho odluliswa yiKhomusela-Mkhandlu, aphoqelela izishayamthetho ukuba zilungise indlela yazo noma ziqoqe izinombolo ezimbili-ntathu ukuze zithathe i-veto. Mhlawumbe ngokuphawulekayo, amandla okulawula umthetho angathinta okuqukethwe yizindleko ezidluliswa yiSishaya-Mnyango. Njengoba kungavamile ukuba umthetho ubekwe phezu komongameli iveto, iSishaya-ngqungquthela kumelwe sifakelwe isikhundla sikamongameli ezimisweni ezihlongozwayo.

Igatsha lokwahlulela lingamisa imithetho edluliswa yiKhongolose engekho emthethweni, eyenza ingasebenzi. Lamandla okwahlulela, asungulwe ecaleni eliyingqophamlando uMarbury v.Madison, asebenza njengenhlolo - hlola okubalulekile ngamandla omthetho futhi aqinisekisa ukuthi iSishaya-mthetho sisebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomthetho-sisekelo.

Okwenza Izindaba Zegatsha Elingokomthetho Zithinteke Kwabavolontiya

Ukuqonda igatsha lemithetho akuyona nje indlela yokufunda. izinqumo ezenziwa uMkhandlu zithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwaseMelika, kusukela kwezomnotho nakwezempilo kuya emfundweni, ezisekelweni zemvelo, ekulondekeni kwesizwe, nasemalungelweni omphakathi.

Umphumela Oqondile Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke

Izinqumo ze-Congress zinquma amanani entela, okuthinta imali oyifaka ekhaya eshekeshini lakho nemali oyikhokhayo lapho uthenga. Abameli banquma amazinga okuxhasa imali ezikoleni, imigwaqo, amabhuloho, kanye nezinto zokuhamba zomphakathi. Bakha futhi balungise izinhlelo ezinjenge-Social Security, Medicare, ne-Medicaid ezincike ezigidini zabantu baseMelika.

UKhomishane unikeza imithetho elawula ukuphepha emsebenzini, ukuvikela kwendawo ezungezile, imikhiqizo yabathengi, ukuphepha kokudla, nezinye izici eziningi ezithinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke. Uma usebenzisa i-intanethi, imoto, uphuza imithi, noma uthumela izingane zakho esikoleni, uxhumana nezimiso ezibunjwe umthetho we-cornion.

I - metary and theography

Amalungu e-Congress ahloselwe ukumelela izithakazelo nezinkathazo zawo kuhulumeni kahulumeni. Abameleli bakho nolwe-senethiwele kufanele babe yizwi lakho eWashington, basekela izimiso ezizuzisa umphakathi wakho futhi bamelane nalabo abazowulimaza.

Nokho, lo mmeleli usebenza kuphela lapho abavoti behlala benolwazi futhi bethembisene umshado. Abameli basabela ekucindezeleni kwezinhlangano, futhi abavoti abakhuthele, abanolwazi banethonya elikhulu kunalabo abahlala bethule noma bengaqiniseki.

Ukulandisa Ngokukhetha

Indlela eqondile kakhulu yabavoti abathonya ngayo igatsha lemithetho ingengokhetho. Njalo eminyakeni emibili, zonke izihlalo zendlu eziyi- 435 nezihlalo zeSigele ezicishe zibe yingxenye yesithathu zilungele ukukhethwa. Lo khetho oluvamile luqinisekisa ukuthi abashaya imithetho bahlala belandisa kubantu abamelelayo.

Ngokuvota okhethweni lwe-conodia, izakhamuzi zingavuza abameleli abafeza izithakazelo zabo kahle futhi bathathe indawo yalabo abangazifezi. Lokhu kulandisa kokhetho kusemqoka ekubusweni kwentando yeningi futhi kunikeza izakhamuzi ezivamile amandla angempela phezu kukahulumeni wazo.

Indlela Izisebenzi Ezingahlanganyela Ngayo Negatsha Elisemthethweni

Ukuqasha okhethweni kubalulekile, kodwa akuyona indlela yodwa izakhamuzi ezingahlanganyela ngayo nabamisi-mthetho bazo futhi zithonye inqubo yomthetho. Ukuhlanganyela komphakathi okunentshiseko phakathi kokhetho kungaba okubaluleke ngokufanayo.

Ukuxhumana Nabameleli Bakho

Enye yezindlela eziqondile zokuzwisa izwi lakho iwukuthintana nabameleli bakho nabasizi. Amahhovisi e-Congregational alandela ukuxhumana futhi akuthathe ngokungathi sína, ikakhulukazi lapho amukela imiyalezo eminingi ngesihloko esifanayo.

Ungathintana nabamisi-mthetho bakho ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa izingcingo, ama-imeyili, izincwadi, nezokuxhumana. Amalungu amaningi eSishaya-mthetho aqhuba nemihlangano yasedolobheni nezinye izenzakalo zomphakathi lapho abameleli bengabuza khona imibuzo futhi baveze imibono yabo ngokuqondile. Lapho uthinta abameleli bakho, cacisa ukuthi yiyiphi impikiswano okhuluma ngayo, chaza ukuthi ikuthinta kanjani wena noma umphakathi wakho, futhi usho ngokuqondile ukuthi isiphi isenzo ofuna basenze.

Ngemva Komsebenzi Womthetho

Ukuhlala wazi ukuthi wenzani uMkhandlu kukusiza ukuba usebenzise impumelelo. Iwebhusayithi engokomthetho yeSishaya - mthetho inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngezimali, amarekhodi okuvota, imisebenzi yamakomiti, nekhalenda lomthetho. Ungabhala izikweletu ezithile, ubone indlela abameleli bakho abavota ngayo, futhi ufunde imibiko yekomiti nezincwadi ezikhulumayo.

Izinhlangano eziningi zezindaba namaqembu akhuthaza ukuqashwa nakho kunikeza ukuhlaziywa nokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yenhlangano, kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde umthetho oyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemiphumela yawo engenzeka. Ukulandela abameleli bakho emithonjeni yezokuxhumana nokubhala amaphephandaba azo kungakugcina wazi ngemisebenzi yazo nezikhundla zazo.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekufundiseni

Ukuhlanganyela noma ukusekela izinhlangano zobukhakhazi kukuvumela ukuba ukhulume ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo. Lamaqembu ahlela imikhankaso yokuthonya umthetho, anikeze ukwaziswa okuzosiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo, futhi ngokuvamile asungule ubuhlobo namahhovisi enhlangano angenza ukuqamba kuphumelele ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuqamba amaphutha kungaba ngezindlela eziningi, kusukela ekusayineni izicelo nasekuhlanganyeleni emikhankasweni yokubhala izincwadi kuya emibuthanweni yokuhlangana nezisebenzi zomphakathi, noma ukufaka ubufakazi enkantolo yomphakathi. Ukuqoqa ngezindlela ezihleliwe ngokuvamile kunethonya elikhulu kunemizamo yomuntu ngamunye kuphela.

Ukuqonda Ikhalenda Elinomthetho

Ikhalenda lemithetho lihlanganisa izikhathi lapho kunezinqubo zomthetho futhi kumiswa imithetho, kanye nezikhathi zokungahlangani lapho amalungu ebuyela ezifunda nasezifundeni zawo.

Ukuqonda ikhalenda lomthetho kukusiza futhi ukuba ubeke isikhathi semizamo yakho yokulawula ithonya elikhulu, njengokuthintana nabashaya umthetho ngaphambi kwamavoti ayinhloko noma phakathi nokucabangela izikweletu eziyinhloko ezithathwa yikomiti.

Imibono Evamile Engalungile Ngegatsha Elingokomthetho

Ukungaqondi okuningi ngenqubo yomthetho nemithetho kungaholela ekudidekeni noma ekulindeleni okungenakwenzeka.ukususa lokhu kungaqondani kusiza abavoti ukuba bahileleke ngokuphumelelayo.

Umbono Oyiphutha: UMongameli Wenza Imithetho

Nakuba uMongameli enendima ebalulekile enqubweni yokushaya umthetho ngamandla okusayina noma ukukhipha izikweletu, futhi angamisa umthetho futhi abeke izinto eziza kuqala, uMongameli akamiseli imithetho. UMkhandlu womthetho-sisekelo kuphela onegunya lokumisa umthetho. UMongameli angathonya inqubo yokushaya umthetho, kodwa ngeke amise imithetho.

Umbono Oyiphutha: Wonke Amaphepha Aba Imithetho

Eqinisweni, izikweleti eziningi ezitshalwa eKhongoseni azikho neze zibe umthetho. Izinkulungwane zezikweleti zifakwa esiqenjini ngasinye senhlangano, kodwa iphesenti elincane kuphela elikwenza ngenqubo yonke yokushaya umthetho. Izikweleti eziningi zifa ekomitini, azikwazi ukuthola amavoti aphansi, noma azikwazi ukudlula zombili izikhongozelo ngendlela efanayo.

Lelinani elikhulu lokwehluleka alilona ngempela iphutha esimisweni. Ubunzima bokudlulisa umthetho buqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ithola ukucusumbulwa okuphelele futhi izicelo ezisekelwe kakhulu kuphela ziba umthetho. Futhi kubonisa ukuxegiswa kwenqubo yomthetho kanye neziphetho eziningi ezakhelwe esimisweni.

Umbono Ongalungile: Ingqungquthela Ihlale Ishayelwa Indilinga

Nakuba abahlukanisi bebodwa nabavikeli begunya bethola ukunakekela okuphawulekayo kwemithombo yezindaba, iSishaya-mthetho siyaqhubeka sikhipha umthetho ngisho naphakathi nezikhathi zikahulumeni ohlukene.

Umqondo wokungaguquguquki kwe-radrock uvame ukusuka ekuhlulekeni kweprofile enkulu ukudlulisa umthetho omkhulu, kodwa lokhu kumelela ingxenye yenkonzo yokuhlela. Ukuqonda lokhu kusiza abavoti ukuba balondoloze amathemba angokoqobo kuyilapho besabeka abamisi-mthetho abanecala lokusingatha izindaba ezibalulekile.

Ukuziphendukela Kwegatsha Elingokomthetho

Igatsha lemithetho liye lazivelela ngokuphawulekayo kusukela uMthetho - sisekelo wagunyazwa, uvumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo kuyilapho ulondoloza isisekelo salo nenjongo.

Ukwanda Kwezinga Nokuyinkimbinkimbi

ISishaya-Mkhandlu sokuqala sasinamalungu angu-65 House namalungu angu-26 amele amazwe ayi-13. Namuhla uMkhandlu uhlanganisa abameleli abangu-435 kanye nezinkampani eziyikhulu ezimele amazwe angu-50 kanye nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu - 330. Inani labantu abamelelwa yilungu elilodwa liye landa lisuka ku-210 583 ngo1910 laya ku-646,947 ngo 2000 nango-71076 ngo-2010.

Lokhu kwanda kuye kwadinga ushintsho endleleni iziKhongolo-mfuyo ezisebenza ngayo, kuhlanganise nezimiso zamakomiti ezinemininingwane, izisebenzi ezinkulu, nemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. ISishaya-mthetho sanamuhla siyindikimba ehlelwe kahle neklanywe kakhulu kunaleyo abasunguli beSishaya - mthetho abacabanga ngayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukwanda Kwamandla KaFederal

Izinga lomthetho kahulumeni liye lakhula kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. IziKhongolo zakuqala zasingatha ngokuyinhloko imisebenzi kahulumeni eyisisekelo, ukuhlangana kwamanye amazwe, nezimiso ezilinganiselwe zasekhaya. Izikhokhi zanamuhla zomthetho wesigungu zimisa izimpikiswano ezinkulu, kusukela ekunakekeleni impilo nasemfundoni kuya ekuvikelweni kwendawo ezungezile nasekuqondisweni kobuchwepheshe.

Lokhu kwanda kubonisa ushintsho olukhulu emphakathini waseMelika, kuhlanganise nokuvela kwezimboni, ukuhlaziywa kwamadolobha, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, nokuqondwa komthwalo wemfanelo kahulumeni. Nakuba izimpikiswano ziqhubeka ngobukhulu obufanele bamandla kahulumeni, akungatshazwa ukuthi uMkhandlu namuhla usingatha izimpikiswano eziningi kakhulu kunaserpiblic yakuqala.

Izinguquko Endleleni Amalungu Aboniswa Ngayo Ingqondo

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nesikhombisa, esagunyazwa ngo - 1913, sakushintsha lokhu ukuze kukhethwe ngokuqondile abameleli benhlangano, okwenza iSigele sibe nesibopho esiqondile kubantu.

Ezinye izinguquko ziye zathinta nokhetho lwamaqembu ahlangene, kuhlanganise nokwanda kwamalungelo okuvota emaqenjini ayengasasetshenziswa ngaphambili, imithetho yezimali, nokusetshenziswa kokhetho oluyinhloko ekukhetheni abameleli beqembu.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Negatsha Lanamuhla Elisemthethweni

ISishaya - mthetho sanamuhla sibhekene nezinselele eziningi ezithinta ikhono laso lokusebenza ngokuphumelelayo futhi silondoloze ukwethenjwa umphakathi.

I - partisan Polaryation

Ukwanda kokuhlanganisa izifundazwe kwenza ukubambisana kwe-bipartisan kwaba nzima kakhulu futhi kwanezela ekufakeni izinqumo ezingokomthetho ezindabeni ezinkulu. Amalungu eSishaya - mthetho ahlelwa kakhulu ngokwemibono kunasenkathini edlulile, futhi amalungu ambalwa alinganiselayo azimisele ukunqamula imigqa yezinhlangano.

Lokhu kuhlukana kubonisa ukuhlukana okukhulu emphakathini waseMelika kodwa futhi kwenza kube nzima ngoMkhandlu ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ukuvumelana nokubambisana. Ukuthola izindlela zokuhlukanisa abantu kuyilapho ukulondoloza izikhundla ezisekelwe ezimisweni kuseyinselele eqhubekayo.

Ukwethenjwa Nokwamukelwa Umphakathi

Izilinganiso zemvume yeSishaya-mthetho ziye zaba ziphansi iminyaka eminingi, zibonisa ukukhungatheka komphakathi ngenxa yokungahleleki okucatshangelwayo, ukuxabana kobandlululo, nokwehluleka ukuxazulula izinkinga ezicindezelayo. Ukuthembela komphakathi kuKhongolose kungalulaza ukufaneleka kwenqubo yomthetho futhi kukwenze kube nzima ngabashaya umthetho ukwakha ukusekela izimiso ezidingekile kodwa ezinzima.

Ukwakha kabusha ukwethembana komphakathi akudingi nje kuphela ukusebenza okungcono kweSishaya-mthetho kodwa futhi ukuqonda okungcono komphakathi ngendlela inqubo yokushaya umthetho esebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani iklanyelwe ukuba ingabi nenkululeko futhi ngezinye izikhathi ihambe kancane.

Imali Kwezombangazwe

Indima yemali emikhankasweni yokuhlela nokugqugquzela izinhlangano iphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi izishaya - mthetho zisabela kangcono yini kubantu abacebile nabanesithakazelo esikhethekile kunakubantu abavamile abanikela ngezimali. Inguquko yezezimali yenkampane ilokhu iyimpikiswano, nokungavumelani mayelana nendlela yokulinganisela amalungelo okukhuluma ngokukhululekile nesidingo sokuvimbela ukonakala nokuqinisekisa ithonya elilinganayo lezombangazwe.

Ulwazi Nokwaziswa Okungalungile

Isimo sokwaziswa sanamuhla sinikeza kokubili amathuba nezinselele egatsheni lemithetho. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe benza kube lula ngezakhamuzi ukuthola ukwaziswa mayelana nomsebenzi wokuhlela, futhi kulula ukusakazwa kokwaziswa okunganembile futhi kwenza kube nzima ngabavoti ukuhlukanisa ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa nenkulumo - ze noma amanga.

Abaphathi bemithetho kumelwe baqondise lendawo eyinkimbinkimbi kuyilapho bezama ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo nabantu abangochwepheshe futhi benze izinqumo ezisekelwe ekwazisweni okunembile.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Eyinhloko Yabameli: Ukubukeka Okunemininingwane

Amalungu e-Congress anemithwalo yemfanelo eminingi ngaphandle kokuvota umthetho. Ukuqonda lezindima ezihlukahlukene kusiza abavoti ukuba bahlole indlela abameleli babo abasebenza ngayo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuphoqa Nokusikisela

Abameli baveza izinkinga ezidinga amakhambi emithetho futhi basebenzele ukuxazulula lezo zinkinga. Lokhu kudinga ukuqonda izimpikiswano zenqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuxhumana nochwepheshe, ukucabangela ukuthi umthetho ohlongozwayo ungazihlanganisa kanjani nemithetho ekhona kanye nokusekelana phakathi kwabangane.

Abashaya imithetho abaphumelelayo abamane nje bahlongoze izikweletu; basebenza ngokuhlelekile ukuze bathuthukise umthetho onethuba elingokoqobo lokudlula kuyilapho besebenzisa izingeniso zezimemezelo zokukhipha izikhundla futhi badonsele ukunakekela ezindabeni ezibalulekile.

Ukuncishiswa Kwemithetho

Impikiswano ye - Congress ifeza izinjongo eziningi.

Inkulumo - mpikiswano eyisisekelo idinga abashaya imithetho ukuba baziqonde ngokujule, baqonde izimpikiswano ezicacile, futhi bahlanganyele ngokuphandle nemibono ephikisanayo.

Ukukhuluma Ngemithetho

Ukuvota mhlawumbe kuwumthwalo wemithetho obonakala kakhulu. Ivoti ngalinye limelela isinqumo mayelana nesimiso somphakathi esingaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude. Abameli kumelwe balinganisele ukucabangela okuningi lapho bevota, kuhlanganise nokwahlulela kwabo, izikhundla ezihlukene, izikhundla zeqembu, kanye nesithakazelo esikhulu emphakathini.

Amarekhodi okunyathelisa anikeza abavoti ukwaziswa okuqinisekile ngendlela abameleli babo abaziphatha ngayo ezindabeni ezibalulekile, okwenza la marekhodi abaluleke kakhulu ukuze aphendulelwe abavoti.

Ukubheka Izinkonzo Zikahulumeni Ngokweqile

Umqondisi we-Congress Congress uqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano eziphethe amagatsha zimisa imithetho ehloselwe ukuhlelwa kwemithetho futhi isebenze kahle futhi ngokomthetho. lomsebenzi wokwengamela uhlanganisa ukusingatha ukuqulwa kwecala, ukuhlola, ukubukeza imibiko yezinhlangano, nokusebenzisa amandla okuthonya ukuziphatha kwezinhlangano.

Ukuqondisa okuphumelelayo kudinga ukunakwa nobuchwepheshe obuqinile, njengoba abashaya imithetho kumelwe baqonde kokubili imithetho abayidlulisile kanye nemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Lo msebenzi ngokuvamile awunakwa umphakathi kunomthetho ophezulu we-profile kodwa ubalulekile ekulawuleni okuhle.

Izinkonzo Eziwusizo

Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yabo yokushaya umthetho, amalungu eSishaya-mthetho asiza ama-arhente ukuba aqondise izikhundla zikahulumeni, axazulule izinkinga nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, futhi angenele izinkonzo zikahulumeni. Amahhovisi e-Congression asingatha izinkulungwane zezicelo zenkonzo, asiza ngezindaba ezisukela ezisekelwe ezinzuzweni zeNtlalo-ntle kuya ezinkonzweni zomuntu osemnkabeni wenkonzo yokufuduka.

Lo msebenzi wokumangalela awenzi kube izihloko eziphambili kodwa umelela indlela ebalulekile abashaya umthetho abakhonza ngayo abameleli babo ngokuqondile futhi balondoloze ukuxhumana nabantu ababameleli.

Ukumelela Izithakazelo Ezicatshangelwayo

Abameli kumelwe balinganisele ukumelela izithakazelo zabo ngokusebenzisa ukwahlulela kwabo siqu ngokuphathelene nokuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezizuzisa umphakathi. Lokhu kucindezeleka phakathi kokuba isihambeli esimane sibonise okuthandwayo okuhlanganyelwayo nomethembayo osebenzisa ukwahlulela okuzimele kuye kwaba khona kuwo wonke umlando wenhlangano.

Ukumelelwa okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuba uhlale uxhunyiwe nabantu abahlala ndawonye, uqonde izinto ezibakhathazayo nezinto eziza kuqala kubo, futhi usekele izimiso ezizuzisa isifundazwe kuyilapho ucabangela nezithakazelo zesizwe.

Igatsha Elingokomthetho Nenhlangano

Ukuqonda igatsha lomthetho kudinga futhi ukuqonda indima yalo esimisweni sikahulumeni waseMelika, lapho kuhlukaniswa khona amandla phakathi kohulumeni besizwe nohulumeni.

Imithetho Kahulumeni

UMthetho-sisekelo unikeza iSishaya-mthetho amandla aqondile ahlelwayo uma kugcinwa amanye amagunya emibuso. Lokhu kuhlukana kwegunya kusho ukuthi izindawo eziningi zezimiso zihlanganisa kokubili umthetho kahulumeni nombuso, kanye nezishaya-mthetho zombuso nezishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni ngayinye ifeza izindima ezibalulekile.

Ukuqonda ukuthi yiliphi izinga likahulumeni elinegunya ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene kusiza abavoti ukuba baqondise imizamo yabo yokubusa ngokufanelekile futhi benze izikhulu ezifanele zilandise ngemiphumela yezimiso.

Indlela Izingqungquthela Ezimelela Ngayo Izithakazelo ZoMbuso

Isakhiwo se - bidral seSishaya - mthetho sibonisa ubuzwe, iSigele sinikeza isilinganiso esilinganayo sombuso ngamunye kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani, kuyilapho iNdlu inikeza izimpawu ezisekelwe emphakathini.

Izimemezeli zivame ukuzibona zimelela izithakazelo zikahulumeni kahulumeni, kanti amalungu endlu agxila kakhulu ezifundeni zawo eziqondile. Lokhu kumelelwa okukodwa kusiza ekulinganiseni imibono yendawo, isifundazwe, nesizwe enqubweni ye-authoric.

Imithombo Yemfundo Ethé Xaxa

Imithombo eminingi ingasiza abavoti ukuba bajulise ukuqonda kwabo igatsha lemithetho futhi bahlale benolwazi ngomsebenzi wobuhlanga.

Imithombo Kahulumeni Engokomthetho

I-Congress Research Service inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngezindleko, amarekhodi okuvota, imisebenzi yamakomiti, nenqubo yokushaya umthetho. Indlu neSigele zinikeza ukwaziswa ngamalungu, amakomiti, nezinqubo zasendlini. I-Congregational Research Service ikhipha imibiko eningiliziwe ngezindaba zemithetho nezindaba zemithetho, eziningi zazo ezitholakala obala.

I-CPROUM inikeza imvume yokuqulwa kwezingxoxo zezikhululo zezikhulu zezikhulu zezindaba nezindaba zekomiti, ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibukele inqubo yomthetho esebenzayo. I-Hulumeni Relation Office inikeza ithuba lokuthola izincwadi ezingokomthetho zenhlangano, kuhlanganise nezikweletu, imibiko, nezincwadi zokuzwa.

Izinhlangano Zemfundo Nezemfundo

Izinhlangano ezinjengeNhlangano yabesifazane, iMbango ePhakathi, namaqembu anezinqubo ahlukahlukene anikeza ingcebo yemfundo mayelana ne-Congress nenqubo yomthetho. Amayunivesithi amaningi namathangi acabangayo anyathelisa ukucwaninga nokuhlola umsebenzi wobuhlanga nohulumeni waseMelika.

Izinhlangano zezindaba ezinikezelwe zezintatheli zinikeza ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi yemithetho. Ukulandela imithombo eminingi enemibono ehlukene kungakusiza ukuba uqonde kahle izindaba zobuhlanga nezimpikiswano.

Imivubukulo Engokwemfundo

Kulabo abanesithakazelo ekutadisheni ngokujulile, izincwadi eziningi nezihloko zemfundo zihlola i-Congress, inqubo yomthetho nohulumeni waseMelika. Izikole zaseyunivesithi ngohulumeni waseMelika nangokwezombangazwe zivame ukugxila kakhulu egatsheni lomthetho. Izifundo ze-inthanethi namavidiyo emfundo zinganikeza izingeniso ezilula emikhankasweni yokuhlela nenqubo yemithetho.

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo: Ukuba Umjovo Ongafundile Nongahlanganyela

Ulwazi ngegatsha lomthetho luyigugu kuphela uma luhlangene nokuthembisana uhulumeni. Nazi izinyathelo eziqinile ongazithatha ukuze ube ngumuntu onolwazi oluthe xaxa futhi ophumelelayo enqubweni yentando yeningi.

Yazi Abameleli Bakho

Funda ngezizinda zabo, izabelo zabo zamakomiti, amarekhodi okuvota, nezinto eziza kuqala. Landela ukuxhumana kwabo okusemthethweni nemithombo yezindaba yezenhlalakahle ukuze uhlale waziwa ngemisebenzi yabo nangezikhundla zabo.

Ukuqonda ukuthi ubani okumelelayo nalokho abakwenzayo eKhongolose isisekelo sokuthembisana nokulandisa okuphumelelayo.

Hlakulela Zonke Izici Ozikhethayo

Ukhetho lwe-Congress luyenzeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, futhi umvoti uhamba phansi phakathi nokhetho uma kungekho mjaho womongameli. Nokho, lolukhetho lubalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi ubani omele wena eSigungwini nokuthi iliphi iqembu elilawula igumbi ngalinye.

Abazohlola ngaphambi kokhetho, becabangela ukuma kwabo ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo, izimfanelo zabo nolwazi lwabo, kanye nemibhalo yabo uma bengabameleli. Bophelela okhethweni oluyinhloko kanye nokhetho oluvamile ukuba babe nethonya elikhulu kuwe.

Hlala Uzazi Izinkinga Zamanje

Landela izindaba eziphathelene nomsebenzi wobuhlanga ezindabeni obalulekile kuwe. Ungaqondi nje ukuthi kwenzekani kodwa ukuthi kungani kubaluleke nokuthi kungakuthinta kanjani wena nomphakathi wakho. Funa imithombo yokwaziswa ehlukahlukene ukuze uthole imibono eminingi ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukwazi kukuvumela ukuba uhlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo nabameleli bakho futhi wenze izinqumo ezingcono lapho uvota.

Xoxa Nabameleli Bakho

Ungalindi uze uthukuthelele okuthile ongathintana nabo. Zama ukuveza ukusekela uma bethatha izikhundla ovumelana ngazo, buza imibuzo ngezindaba ozikhathazayo, futhi uqondena nombono wakho ngomthetho osele ukhona.

Chaza indlela izindaba ezithinta ngayo wena siqu nezenzo ofuna abameleli bakho bazithathe. Izindaba zomuntu siqu kanye nethonya lendawo kuvame ukuzwakala ngaphezu kwamaphuzu avamile okuxoxa.

Hlanganyela Nomphakathi Wakini

Isithembiso somshado asikona nje ukuthatha isinyathelo somuntu ngamunye. Hlanganyela nabanye emphakathini ohlanganyela nawe izinkathazo zakho. Yiba khona emahholo edolobha nasezindaweni zomphakathi. Hlanganyela ezinhlanganweni zendawo ezisebenza ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo. Ukuhlanganisa amazwi afanayo kungaphumelela kakhulu ekuthonyeni umthetho.

Ukwakha ubuhlobo nezinye izakhamuzi ezithembisene umshado nakho kuyakusiza ukuba uhlale unolwazi futhi kushukumisele ukuba uhlale uhilelekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Cabanga Isikhathi eside

Ukuthembisana komphakathi okuphumelelayo kuwumjaho webanga elide, hhayi ukugada. Izinguquko ezinkulu zithatha iminyaka eminingi zomzamo oqhubekayo. Ungadangali uma imiphumela oyithandayo ingafiki ngokushesha. Hlala uthembisene, qhubeka ufunda, futhi ulondoloze ukuzinikela kwakho ekuhlanganyeleni kwentando yeningi.

Khumbula ukuthi ukubusa ngentando yeningi kudinga ukuba izakhamuzi ezinolwazi zihlanganyele njalo.

Isiphetho: Igatsha Eliyigunya Nobubusi Bentando Yeningi

Igatsha lomthetho lisemnyombweni wentando yeningi yaseMelika, lihumushela intando yabantu emthethweni futhi linikeze amasheke abalulekile emagunyeni aphethe nawakwahlulela. Ukuqonda indlela uKhongolo-kahulumeni olusebenza ngayo(isakhiwo, amandla, izinqubo, nezinselele) abavoti ukuba bahlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ekubuseni kwentando yeningi.

Kusukela esakhiweni se - bidamaral esiklanyelwe ukulinganisela isithakazelo esincintisanayo nesimiso samakomiti ayinkimbinkimbi lapho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi wemithetho oningiliziwe, kusukela enqubweni yokunakekela izikweleti eziba imithetho ebaluleke kakhulu kuya emsebenzini wokwengamela obaluleke kakhulu ozobekwa uhulumeni, igatsha lomthetho libonisa isimiso sokuthi uhulumeni kufanele ulwe, ulwelwe, futhi ulwenzele abantu.

Ukusingatha lezi zinselele akudingi nje ukuba abashaya umthetho bazenze kangcono kodwa futhi kudinga izakhamuzi ezinolwazi futhi eziqonda indlela isimiso esisebenza ngayo futhi zihlanganyele ngenkuthalo enqubweni yentando yeningi.

Wonke umvoti unamandla okuthonya igatsha lemithetho ngokhetho, ukukhokha umthetho, nangokuthembisana ngokuqhubekayo nabameleli. Ngokuhlala waziwa ngomsebenzi wobukhomanisi, ukuqonda inqubo yomthetho, futhi wenze izwi lakho lizwe, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi igatsha lemithetho lifeza indima yalo engokomthetho futhi lifeze isithakazelo somphakathi.

Impilo yentando yeningi yaseMelika ixhomeke egatsheni lemithetho ephumelelayo nasesakhiweni esithembisene esiyolandisa. Njengoba uqhubeka nohambo lwakho njengomvoti onolwazi, khumbula ukuthi izindaba zakho zokuhlanganyela. Igatsha lezemithetho lisebenza kangcono kakhulu uma izakhamuzi ziyiqonda, zihlanganyela nayo, futhi zifuna ukuba iphile ngokuvumelana nemithwalo yalo engokomthetho.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthintana nabameleli bakho ngomthetho othile, ukuvota kukhetho lwenhlangano, ukulandela ukuthethwa kwekomiti ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo, noma ukufunda okwengeziwe ngendlela izishaya-mthetho ezisebenza ngayo, unezela emsebenzini oqhubekayo wokuzibusa ngentando yeningi. Lowomnikelo, wanda kakhulu ezigidi zezakhamuzi ezithembisiwe, yiwo owenza umsebenzi wedemokrasi omelela umbuso wentando yeningi.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe nge-U.S. Congress nenqubo yomthetho, vakashela .Gov, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yolwazi lwezishayamthetho zikahulumeni. Ukufunda ngokuthintana nabameleli bakho nokuhileleka ekwakhekeni, hlola imithombo USUVA.gov's izikhulu ezikhethiwe ikhasi[[.