Isifungo sikamongameli siyisici esiyisisekelo sentando yeningi yaseMelika, esibonisa ukudluliselwa ngokuthula kwegunya kanye nesibopho sikamongameli sokusekela uMthetho-sisekelo. Njengoba uGeorge Washington aqala ukusho isifungo ngo-1789, amagama akhe agxilayo ahlala engaguquki, i-ankile yamabomu yokuzinza empucukweni eshintshayo. Kodwa njengoba isimo sezombangazwe sishintsha ngokuncishiswa kwemibono ejulile, ukushintsha ngokushesha kwezesayensi yezobuchwepheshe, nokushintsha kwesiko lokuzimela sobuphini ngo-so, kuvela ngokungagwegwegwegwesi mayelana nendlela lesi sithembiso esihloniphekile esingazivumela ngayo ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yekhulu elisha leminyaka. Isifungo singaba sihlanganisa izinto eziza kuqala njengalokho okumelwe siphendulelwe isimo noma amalungelo amanani? Isiphi isimo sokwenza ushintsho sidibane nomthetho womthetho, noma amasiko angabuye ahlolwe futhi ahlolwe futhi ahlolwe ngokulawula?

Umsuka Womlando Nombhalo Ongashintshi

Isifungo sikamongameli sishiwo eSiphakameni II, Ingxenye 1, uClause 8 woMthetho - sisekelo waseU.S. amagama aqondile athi:

" ngifunga kakhulu (noma ngiqinisekisa) ukuthi ngiyolisebenzisa ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli wase-United States, futhi ngizokwenza konke okusemandleni ami, ngilondoloze, ngivikele futhi ngivikele uMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States."

Lolu limi aluzange lushintshwe kusukela enkathini Yokusungulwa. Abafulishini bagcina isifungo ngamabomu silula, bagxila ekuthembekeni kuMthetho-sisekelo kunakunoma imuphi umuntu, umcimbi, noma umqondo. UGeorge Washington wanezela inkulumo ethi "Ngakho ngisize uNkulunkulu" ngemva kokuphindaphinda isifungo, isiko eliye lalandelwa cishe yiwo wonke umongameli kusukela, nakuba kungadingwanga umthetho. Indinyana esemthethweni (noma isekela") yahlanganiswa ukuvala abamelene nenkolo ababengafuni ukufunga.

Isiqalo sikaWashington noMdaba woMthetho-sisekelo

Lapho iWashington ifunga ngoApril 30, 1789, kuvulandi weHholo laseFederal eNew York City, wabeka isandla sakhe phezu kweBhayibheli futhi waphinda amazwi anikezwa yiNgqongqoshe uRobert Livingston. Lesi senzakalo samisa umkhuba onamandla obonakalayo oye waba ongenakuhlukaniswa nomongameli. Nokho, uMthetho-sisekelo awugunyazi iBhayibheli, amazwi athi "Ngisize uNkulunkulu," noma noma noma iyiphi indawo eqondile. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, imfuneko engokomthetho ihlale iqinile: umongameli kumelwe afunge noma aqinise ukuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo. Lokhu kungukuzimisela. Injongo eyinhloko yesifungo iwukubopha umqondisi womthetho, noma isiphi isifungo esiyinhloko singavula umnyango ukuba ungene.

IConstitution ye-Constitution yaphikisana ngokuthi ingabe kufanele kuhlanganiswe nemfuneko yezifungo. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi izifungo zazingenanjongo kubantu abangathembekile, kuyilapho abanye babegcizelela ukuthi babezolandisa emphakathini. Ekugcineni, abafaki bamafomu bavumelana ngombhalo omfushane, oqondile. I-Congregational Research Service iphawula ukuthi isifungo "siyisifungo esiwukuphela kwaso eMthethweni obekwe ngokuqondile. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwawo okuyisisekelo. Ukubheka ngokunzulu umbhalo wemithetho-sisekelo kanye nokuchazwa kwawo, uMthetho-Constitution Antoted shopticle unikeza ukuhlaziywa okubanzi [ I-Activeticle II, isigaba 1,[2] Classianstem .

“ Ngakho Ngisize UNkulunkulu" Isiko: Inganekwane, Iqiniso, Nezinselele Ezingokomthetho

Ukuhlanganisa "ngakho ngisize uNkulunkulu" sekuwumkhuba ocishe ube jikelele, kodwa i-édigree engokomlando iphikiswa. Ezinye izazi ziphikisa ngokuthi iWashington kungenzeka ukuthi yasho kanjalo, kuyilapho ezinye zincintisana nobufakazi bokuqala obunokwethenjelwa buvela kuChester A. Ukunikezelwa kuka-Arthur ngo-1881. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelaphi, amagama ayisiko manje. Abaholi abakhethayo bafaka isandla eBhayibhelini futhi banezela ikhoda engokwenkolo, nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo ungadingi. Ukungabikho kovivinyo lwenkolo lwesikhundla (i-Apicle VI, u-Claus 3) kusho ukuthi akukho mongameli ongase aphoqelelwe ukusebenzisa iBhayibheli noma "Impela ngisize uNkulunkulu."

Emashumini eminyaka amuva, amaqembu ezwe amelene nomthetho aye abekela umkhuba inselele njengokwephula u-Claus. Ngo-2009, icala lamangalelwa kaMahluleli Omkhulu uJohn Roberts ngokuyiphutha ekuqondiseni uBarack Obama ngemva kokukhubeka kwendlela yokukhipha umthetho. Isuti lakhishwa, kodwa laqokomisa indlela isifungo esihlala ngayo singumngcele wempikiswano ebanzi ngenkolo nohulumeni. Nakuba iNkantolo Ephakeme ingakaze inqume ngokuqondile ngendima yenkolo "Ngakho ngisize uNkulunkulu" esifungweni sikamongameli, izinkantolo eziphansi ngokuvamile ziye zawamukela kakhulu amasiko angokomlando. Inkulumo yesikhathi esizayo ivunyelwe kakhulu, kodwa ingengabuzwa ukuthi umongameli wesikhathi esizayo ukhetha ukuyishiya. Uphengululo lwezembula i-Pult Center uqaphele umbono obala ngendima yenkolo, ukuthi [FF] kakhulu] esekela impela i-ftnethiwed misa inqubo yenkolo.

Izingcindezi Zoshintsho Esimweni Sezombangazwe Sanamuhla

Njengoba isimo sezombangazwe siwohloka ngokwengeziwe futhi ukukhathalela komphakathi ukuthatha kobuholi ezindabeni kusukela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kuya ekuzithekeni kwamanani, abanye abantu baphikisa ngokuthi isifungo sikamongameli kufanele sivuselelwe ukuze sibonise izindinganiso zamanje. Izifungo zisukela kwenezenezelo ezincane ezingokomfanekiso kuya ekushicileleni okukhulu okuyobeka umongameli emigomweni ethile ekhethekile yezimiso. Nakuba kungekho kulungiswa okungokomthetho okuye kwaqala eminyakeni yamuva, lenkulumo - mpikiswano iveza ukuphikisana okukhulu ngendima kaPriciensan ezweni elishintsha ngokushesha.

Ukuqinisekisa Izindinganiso Zanamuhla: Ubulungisa Bezenhlalo, Isimo Sezulu Namalungelo Amanani

Esinye isiphakamiso esiphindaphindwayo siwukwenezela ulimi oluwuvuma ngokucacile umthwalo kamongameli ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, isifungo esishintshiwe singahlanganisa isifungo sokuthi "vikela indawo ezungezile yezizukulwane ezizayo" noma "ilungelo elifanayo lazo zonke izakhamuzi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingohlanga, ubulili, noma ubulili." Lezi zithasiselo zingabonisa isibopho esibanzi ngaphezu kombhalo wokuqala woMthetho-sisekelo. Abanye abashisekeli belokhu basikisela nokuthi isifungo kufanele sihlanganise isithembiso sokuhlonipha inkululeko yobuchwepheshe nenkululeko yomphakathi enkathini yokuqapha.

Abaphikisi bezinguquko ezinjalo baphikisa ngokuthi isifungo esikhona kakade sihlanganisa yonke imisebenzi yomthetho-sisekelo. Isibopho sikamongameli soku "vikela, ukuvikela nokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo" ngokuphelele sidinga ukunamathela kuzo zonke izinguquko, kuhlanganise ne-Uncincince Protection Claus nenqubo efanele. Ukunezela izifungo eziqondile kungasilungisa isifungo, sisenze ukuba silwele ukuphatha okuza kuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isifungo sasihlanganisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, yini leyonto ebingasho ukuthi umongameli angahluleka ukuhlangabezana naleso sithembiso? Ukungaqondani nalolu lizwi elicacile kungaholela ekutheni sifunyanisweni njalo.

Noma kunjalo, izinguquko ezingokomfanekiso zinamandla. Ngo-2013, uMongameli Barack Obama wasebenzisa iBhayibheli elaliyiBhayibheli likaMartin Luther King Jr., uphawu lwamalungelo omphakathi ngaphandle kokuguqula amagama. Ngokufanayo, uMongameli uJoe Biden wabeka isandla sakhe phezu komkhaya weBhayibheli elinesiphambano samaCelt, ukukhomba ifa lakhe. Isifungo esicacile ngokwengeziwe esingase sihambisane nomphakathi olindele ukuba abaholi baqaphele izinhlekelele zezenhlalo nezemvelo. I-Brennan Center for Justice iye yahlola indlela incazelo yesifungo eyenzeka ngayo [[FLT:]] esinempatho esinelisayo, ukuthatha isiqalo sefa lakhe, nokuchaza umphakathi. [[, ngaphandle kokushintsha ngisho nokushintsha kombhalo.

Impikiswano Ngolimi Lwezwe Nokuxubana Okungokwenkolo

Ukucindezela okuhlobene kodwa okuhlukile yisu lokuya esifungweni sokungakholwa ngokugcwele. Njengoba inani labantu baseMelika liba eliphansi kakhulu enkolweni, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi "ngisize uNkulunkulu" isiko kufanele lehlelwe ukuze ngihloniphe abangakholwa. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi ukuvuma kakade kunikeza ezinye izifanekiselo zezwe. Nokho, isiko lokubona ngesandla eBhayibhelini naku-"Nkulunkulu" oshiwoyo ukunciphisa ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu nabantu. Ngo-2017, uMongameli uDonald Trump wasebenzisa amaBhayibheli amabili, elinye lawo elaliyi-Abraham Lincoln, eligcizelela izimpawu ezingokwenkolo. Umongameli wesikhathi esizayo angakhetha ukukhipha iBhayibheli ngokuphelele noma asebenzise umbhalo ohlukile, njengoMthetho-mthetho ngokwawo.

Izinselele ezingokomthetho ezithinta izinhlangano zenkolo aziphumelelanga kakhulu, kodwa umbono womphakathi ungashintsha. Uma umbhishobhi omkhulu womongameli ememezela obala ukuthi wayengeke athi "Ngakho Nkulunkulu" futhi kunalokho angavuma ngaphandle kokukhomba kwenkolo, ingabangela ingxoxo yesizwe. I-United States ayinayo inkolo engokomthetho, futhi uMthetho-sisekelo unqabela ukuhlolwa kwenkolo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isifungo singasho ngokunyenyelisa ngokukhetha kukamongameli ngamunye, ngisho nangokungancitshiswanga okungokomthetho.

Ukufanisa Isikhungo Sikamongameli Neminye Imigoqo

Isifungo sobumongameli sihlukile kumthetho - sisekelo waso, kodwa ezinye izifungo zikahulumeni zinikeza ukuqonda ukuthi ulimi lungaguqulwa kanjani. Isifungo somongameli asichazwanga eMthethweni-sisekelo futhi esikhundleni saso simiswe ngomthetho. Isifungo samanje sobumongameli, esamukelwa ngo-19884, sihlanganisa isithembiso so"kusekela nokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo we-United States" kodwa asiluqondi "sivikele, sivikele futhi sivikele" ulimi lwenguquko kamongameli. Amalungu eKhongolo futhi athatha isifungo esimiswe ngomthetho, esihlanganisa isithembiso sokuphatha "ukholo lweqiniso nokwethembeka" kuMthetho-Mpatho-sisekelo. Lezi zinqumo ziye zashintshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile ekusabeleni izenzakalo zomlando, ngesibonelo seMpi Yombango, i-Congressko wafuna ukukhomba okuqhubekayo kobumongameli besizwe.

Lokhu kuvumelana kusikisela ukuthi isifungo sobumongameli singashintshwa ngomthetho noma umkhuba ophethe, uma kungengenxa yokulungisa komthetho-sisekelo. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo unikeza amagama aqondile kumongameli, noma iluphi ushintsho kulawomagama ngokunokwenzeka ludinga ukushintshwa, ibhande eliphezulu. Isifungo somongameli, njengoba siwumthetho, singahlelwa ngokusheshiseka. Ezinye izazi ezingokomthetho zihlongoze ukuthi isifungo sikamongameli kufanele sivumelane ne-costation, ukuvumela i-Congress ukuba ihlaziye ngevote ye-heator jor, kodwa ushintsho olunjalo ngokwalo lungadinga ukubuyiselwa. [[FLT:] Izinqolobane zesizwe zomthetho [[FLT]] [FLT] [FLD:1] zenza kucace ukuthi isifungo sesisekelo sesisekelo, ingxenye ye- - progreance

Izihibe Ezingokomthetho Nezomthetho - sisekelo Zokushintsha Isihlahla Sommbila

Noma imuphi umzamo wokulungisa ngokusemthethweni isifungo sobumongameli ubhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu ezingokomthetho. Ukulungisa komthetho kudinga isithathu sezindlu zombili ze-Congress nokwehla kwezindawo ezintathu kwezine. Okanye, umhlangano womthetho-sisekelo ungabizwa ngama-triarternet amabili ezindlu zomthetho, indlela engakaze isetshenziswe. Ukufinyelela ukuvumelana kwamanje ngokushintsha isifungo akunakwenzeka cishe ngenkathi eseduze. Ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zingaba izilinganiso ezicuphene, futhi uhlangothi ngalunye lunyundelwe ukuzama ukululaza ukuthembeka kumthetho-sisekelo.

Indima YeNkantolo Ephakeme Ekuchazeni I - oath

Nakuba iNkantolo Ephakeme ingakakhululeki nhlobo ngesifungo sobumongameli ngokuqondile, izinqumo zayo ngezifungo kwezinye izimo zinikeza isiqondiso. ku-Bond v. United States (2011], iNkantolo yagcizelela ukuthi izifungo zesikhundla ziyizivumelwano ezingathi sína ezibopha izikhulu ezibopha imingcele yoMthetho-sisekelo. United States v. Ballard [194]], iNkanto yathinta isimo senkolo sezifungo kodwa ayizange ilawule ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni komongameli. Izenzakalo eziningi ezithinta izivumelwano ezithiwa phakathi neMpi Yomshongo, ngokuvamile zashaywa ngokwephula inkulumo ekhululekile noma inqubo efanele. Lezi zisho ukuthi noma yiluphi ulimi olusha oluthiwe yisifungo olucatshangelwa ngomthetho.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesifungo ukuqinisekisa isibopho sokubusa komthetho, hhayi ukusekela uhlelo oluthile lwezombangazwe. INkantolo Ephakeme cishe ingabheka isifungo esifuna umongameli ukuba athembise imiphumela ethile yesimiso njengesephula umthetho esingekho emthethweni ekwahluleleni kukamongameli nemithetho II. Ngokwesibonelo, isifungo esifungelwe "ukukhipha ikhasi le carbon ngo-50%" singabonakala njengomzamo wokubopha iziqondiso zikamongameli ngendlela uMthetho-sisekelo ongayicabangi. Ngakho, ngisho noma isifungo singalungiswa, cishe besiyohlala sivamile emsebenzini waso.

Ukuchazwa Kwegatsha Ngokuqondiswe Ngesihloko Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Kwethukela

Incazelo yesifungo ingashintsha ngezenzo zomongameli kanye namathemba omphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwephula kukaMongameli u-Andrew Johnson isifungo phakathi nokuvuselelwa kwe-constructionon kwaholela ekumangalelweni kwemithetho. Muva nje, izimpikiswano ngemithetho yezikhulu nemfundiso yezikhulu ziye zabangela imibuzo yokuthi umongameli angawufeza yini u"wukhipha ngokuthembeka" imithetho kuyilapho enqaba ukuphoqelela imithetho ethile. Amazwi kaMongameli "waphula ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli" asho umsebenzi owenza ngokholo oluhle nangemingcele yomthetho. Izazi ziye zaphikisana ngokuthi lokhu kuhlanganisa yini nesibopho sokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo ngisho noma ukucindezela okuthandwayo noma iqembu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqonda komphakathi isifungo kungashintsha njengoba amongameli besisebenzisa ukwenza izitatimende zezombangazwe. Ngo-2021, uMongameli uBiden wagcizelela isifungo ekhelini lakhe lokuvula, esibiza ngokuthi "isibopho esingcwele" lesifungo esingokomfanekiso. Ngokufanayo, uma umongameli wesikhathi esizayo ebenganezela isithembiso somuntu siqu − njenga "futhe"" lapho ephinda asho isifungo somthetho, singaba isenzakalo esiyindinganiso. Nakuba lezi zibophana ezingokomthetho, lezi ziqinisa ukulindela okungokwesiko futhi ekugcineni, inqubo yalokho isifungo esimelelayo.

Izicelo Zokubusa Ngentando Yeningi, Ukuhola Nokuthemba Umphakathi

Indlela isifungo sikamongameli esishintsha ngayo − noma sihlala sisendaweni emile ngayo − ama-carlevery asho okukhulu kuhulumeni wentando yeningi waseMelika. Isifungo singesinye semizuzu embalwa lapho umongameli ekhuluma ngokuqondile noMthetho-sisekelo kanye nabantu, ngokuvamile phambi kwezigidi zababukeli. Sisebenza kokubili njengemfuneko engokomthetho nesiqinisekiso somphakathi. Uma isifungo sasizokuba siqine ngokwengeziwe, singasiza ekuvaleni igebe elikhulayo phakathi kwezakhamuzi nohulumeni wabo. AmaMelika amaningi azizwa ehlukanisiwe nezinhlangano zezombangazwe; isibopho esibonakalayo sezindinganiso zamanje singabonisa ukuthi i-preciens asabela ezinkingeni zamanje.

Nokho, ukushintsha isifungo kunciphisa futhi isibopho saso. Ulimi lwasendulo, olungashintshi luhlanganisa ukuphatha ngakunye kobuphathi kusukela ekuqaleni. Lokho kuqhubeka kuwumthombo womthetho. Uma isifungo sishintshwa futhi isizukulwane ngasinye, singaba indawo yempi ehlukene, futhi ngamunye ezama ukubeka kuqala kuwo kanye amazwi oMthetho-sisekelo. Ukukholeka komphakathi kungaqeda kakhulu uma isifungo sibhekwa njengethuluzi lezombangazwe kunesibopho esingcwele. Ukulinganisela lezi zifungo kudinga ukucatshangelwa kokucatshangelwa kwalokho okuhloselwe ukukufeza: isibopho somthetho wemithetho-mthetho.

Upopus uveza ukuthi iningi lamaMelika libheka isifungo sobumongameli njengesibalulekile, kodwa bambalwa abanemibono eqinile emazwini aso aqondile. Ngokwenhlolo-ngo-nyaka ka-2021, cishe amaphesenti angu-60 amaMelika athi "kubaluleke kakhulu" ukuba umongameli asithathe ngokungathi sína lesifungo. Nokho, imibuzo eningi ngokungaqiniseki ngezinguquko ezingase zibuzeke kabanzi. Lokhu kungathembisi umphakathi kusikisela ukuthi isifungo asiyona impikiswano ecindezelayo ezakhamuzini eziningi, sishiye umnyango uvulekele izinguquko noma amasiko aqala ngezindlela zikamongameli.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe: Izinduna ZoMbuso Emhlabeni Wonke

Ukuhlola indlela amanye amazwe asingatha ngayo izifungo eziphezulu kunikeza umbono owusizo. EUnited Kingdom, ukugcotshwa kwenkosi kuhlanganisa izithembiso zokubusa ngokuvumelana nomthetho nokugcina inkolo yamaProthestani eguquliwe. Undunankulu akafungi isifungo esiqondile. ECanada, umbusi jikelele ufunga ukuthi "ethembekile futhi engenacala" uyakhipha ihhovisi, kuyilapho undunankulu uqobo efunga isifungo sokwethembeka. Umongameli waseFrance ufunga ukuthi uzakumela "ukuhlonipha nokuqinisekisa i-Constitution" kanye "ukuzimela kwesizwe nokwethembeka kwezwe laso, nokunganciki kwezwe laso." Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngo-202020, umongameli weChile, uSesán Pinera, wanezela isifungo ku-"ukuvikela indawo ezungezile" phakathi nokunikezelwa kwakhe, nakuba lengxenye yesivumelwano somthetho womthetho womthetho.

Amazwe amaningana afungela ukuthi abhekisela ngokuqondile ezintweni zanamuhla. Isifungo sikamongameli wase-Ireland sihlanganisa isithembiso sokusekela "umthetho-sisekelo wase-Ireland nokusekela imithetho yayo" kodwa futhi "ukufaka amakhono ami enkonzweni nasenhlalakahleni yabantu base-Ireland." Isifungo sombuso wase-Sweden (manje esiwumthetho owenzelwe) sihlanganisa isibopho sokusekela umthetho-sisekelo kanye "nomthetho ovumelana nemithetho". Akukho mthetho walezi zifungo eziye zavimbela izinhlekelele zezombangazwe, kodwa zibonisa imfutho engokomlando nempucuko yesizwe ngasinye. IUnited States, ngesifungo sayo esimfushane nesiqondiswe kahle, singaphandle ngenxa yolimi lwaso. Lokhu kulula kungaba namandla, kungavumela izizukulwane ukuba zifunde incazelo yazo.

Uma iUnited States ibingamukela isifungo esikhulu ngokwengeziwe, ibingahlangana neqembu elincane lezizwe elisebenzisa ukunikezelwa ukuze libonise izindinganiso zanamuhla. Nokho, uma kunikezwa inhlonipho ngezincwadi zokusungula, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi abaholi baseMelika bayoqhubeka benezela isifungo esingokomthetho ngamazwi angekho emthethweni noma ngezimpawu ezikhethwayo (njengeBhayibheli elinomlando) kunokuba bashintshe umbhalo womthetho ngokwawo.

Isiphetho: Ukulinganisela Phakathi Kwesiko Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo

Ikusasa lesifungo somongameli alikho ekufushaneni okuphawulekayo kodwa ekudlaleni phakathi kombhalo omisiwe kanye namathemba omphakathi. Ulimi loMthetho-sisekelo akunakwenzeka ukuba lushintshe esikhathini esizayo; inqubo yokulungisa ilula kakhulu futhi ivumelana kwezombangazwe. Nokho, incazelo esebenzayo yesifungo izoqhubeka ilolongwa ngendlela ewukwenziwa ngayo, isiqu sawo, izakhiwo ezisetshenziswayo, ukugcizelela kwabo amazwi abo, futhi ukuchazwa komphakathi kokwethembeka kwabo kuwo. Enkathini yokushintshwa kwezindawo ezibandayo nemfuneko yokulandisa, isifungo sihlala siwuphawu olunamandla kodwa oluvumelanayo. Singabizela ukwahlulela komphakathi, indawo ezungezile, nobuphathi bezentengiselwano, ngaphandle kokugqeqedlwa kwemithetho ye-globane.

Ekugcineni, isifungo somongameli sisaqhubeka ngoba siqondile ngokwanele ukuba sibophe umphathi ekubuseni umthetho, kodwa sivamile ngokwanele ukuba sivumele isizukulwane ngasinye ukuba sizitholele incazelo yaso siqu.