Inselele Yamanzi Embulunga Yonke: Isingeniso

Amanzi ahlanzekile ayisisekelo sempucuko yabantu, imisebenzi yezomnotho, kanye nempilo ezungezile. Kodwa le misebenzi elinganiselwe ingaphansi kokucindezeleka okungakaze kubonwe. Inani labantu bembulunga yonke, okwamanje elingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili, liyaqhubeka landa ngesilinganiso sabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-80 ngonyaka. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho kushintsha kwezindlela zokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi, ukuqhubekisela phambili isidingo sempahla yamanzi nemisebenzi engenisa amandla aphakeme. Imisebenzi yeZizwe Ezihlangene ezifuna amanzi embulungeni yonke zingakhuphunyuka ngo-40% ngo-2030 uma inqubo yamanje iqhubeka. Lezi zibalo ziveza umbuzo oyinhloko we-21-centurly ephethe imithombo: inqubo yamanzi ingaqala kanjani ngokushesha ukuze iqiniseke ukuchuma nokuchuma komphakathi nangokwesimo sezulu? Iziphetho zomphumela wokuchuma komphakathi, futhi ziyoveza ukuchuma kwamashumi eminyaka ezomnotho.

Isimo Esibucayi Esandayo: Inani Labantu, Ukuwohloka Kwempilo, Nesimo Sezulu

Ukuze umuntu aqonde ikusasa lesimiso samanzi, kumelwe aqale aqonde izinga nezingcindezi ezibangela le nkinga. La mandla awasebenzi ezindaweni ezihlukene, ahlanganisana, abangela ukucindezeleka kwamanzi okuhluke kakhulu ekuntulekeni kwesikhathi esidlule.

Ukucindezela Kwezifo Eziphilayo Ezimisweni Eziyifa

Ukwanda ngokushesha kwenani labantu kushintshela ngokuqondile ekuphumeni amanzi anele ekusetshenzisweni kwasekhaya, ekukhucululiweni kwendle, nasenhlanzekweni. I-UN Sustainable Development Seary 6 (SDG 6) ihlose ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi alondekile nangabizi kakhulu ngo-2030. Nokho, imibiko yamuva nje ye-UN ibonisa ukuthi intuthuko isuke inqamuka ngendlela eshaqisayo. Abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili namashumi amabili abantula indlela ephephile yokuphuza izinkonzo zamanzi. Isimo sibucayi kakhulu eSub - Saharan Afrika nase-South Asia, lapho isilinganiso sabantu sokwanda kwenani labantu siphakeme kakhulu futhi isakhiwo seze sikhona sibuthakathaka kakhulu. Inselele ayikho nje kuphela ngokugcina amanzi ngenxa yokuphuza; cishe inikeza amanzi anele ukuze kukhule ukudla, kukhiqiniswe amandla, futhi kusekele imboni yokwanda kwabantu.

Ezolimo Nezohwebo Zamanzi

Ama-akhawunti ezokulima acishe abe ngamaphesenti angu-70 awonke amanzi angenayo emhlabeni wonke, futhi kwezinye izindawo ezomile, leli nani lingaphezu kuka-90%. Ukufunza abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ngo-2050 kuyodinga ukwanda okukhulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla, ukubeka amandla amakhulu ezimisweni zokunisela ngenkasa. Umqondo obalulekile lapha amanzi [[FLT]] [[FLD]]] [&mdash]; amanzi acwebezela ekukhiqimeni ukudla nempahla. Uma isizwe singenisa okusanhlamvu noma inyama, athengisela amanzi asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isivuno. Amapulangwe asetshenziswayo amele ukuveza lolu hwebo. Isibonelo, imithombo yamazwe ephakathi enciphe kakhulu, ukukhipha amanzi athengwa kakhulu. Ngokuhlukile, ukukhipha amanzi ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini anjenge-almorin noma aphuma emanzini anjenge-orin ezindaweni ze-corin, kumelwe athekwe namanzi amanzi.

Ukungashiseki Kwesimo Sezulu Nokungavuthi Kwamanzi

Ukwanda kwenani labantu kukodwa kuyinkinga ekwazi ukuxazululeka; kuhlangene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kuba yinkinga ye-SANC. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kushintsha umjikelezo wamanzi. Umoya we-Warmer unomswakama owengeziwe, okuholela esomisoni esinzima kakhulu nasondeni esidala kwezinye izindawo nangezikhukhula eziyingozi kwezinye. Ngokomlando, izakhiwo zamanzi zakhiwe ngokusekelwe ekuhlonzeni kokuma kwe-staterity — umqondo wokuthi izindlela zokuhamba kwamanzi eziphawulwe esikhathini esidlule ziyo ziyohlala zimile esikhathini esizayo. Lombono awusasebenzi. INtshona Melika inikeza isibonelo esiqinile: iColoradoval Basin ibone ukwakheka emashumini amabili eminyaka, usunduze uqhubekisele izinqolobane zezindawo ezinkulu zesizwe (Laked neLake Powell) ukuze uncike kakhulu. Lokhu kudinga ukushiswa kwamanzi ezindaweni eziphansi.

Izinkinga Ezibucayi Ezibhekene Nomthetho Wamanzi Wanamuhla

Ngaphambi kokumisa amakhambi, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ukuhluleka kohlobo oluthile nemifantu elawula amanzi amanje.

Amanzi Angaphansi Komhlaba: Ukusungula Ingcebo Engaphinde Ivuselelwe

Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba yindawo enkulu kakhulu esakaza amanzi angenasawoti afinyelelekayo emhlabeni wonke, inikeza ingxenye yawo wonke amanzi okuphuza emhlabeni wonke kanye nangu-33% amanzi asetshenziswa ekuniseleni ngenkasa. Nokho, ezifundeni eziningi eziyinhloko zomhlaba zokudla okuhlanganisa abantu, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akhishwa ngamazinga aphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kuzama ukumba i-Aquarla, okushoshodayo, okushoshoshodayo emazweni ayisishiyagalombili e-US Great Plain, kuye kwabona amazinga amanzi encipha ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ezinye izindawo ezinamagebhuza kakhulu. ENdiya, amanzi amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, ukuncipha okusongela, ukusongela ukuchuma kwamakhulu ezigidi zabalimi. Ukusebenza kwamanzi kumelwe kubhekane nenqubo [FT] [FDLD]

Ukuhlanzeka Kwamanzi Nezinto Ezingcolisayo Ezihlanganiswayo

Ukuswelakala kwamanzi akuyona nje inkinga yobukhulu; futhi kuyinkinga yezinga. Ukungcola kunciphisa imithombo ekhona, kukhuphule izindleko zokwelapha futhi kubangele izingozi ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi. Ukuphuma kwezolimo okune-nitrogen nephosphorus kudala izindawo ezifile ezinkulu eziselunxwemeni. Ukukhishwa kwezezimboni kuletha izinto ezisindayo namakhemikhali anobuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kwezithako ezinomfane njenge-Per- ne polylyfworalkyl izinto ezisetshenziswayolics (PFAS) kuyinselele inselele yokwelapha i-agm yamanzi engokwesiko. I-PFAS kulokhu kunezicinde kakhulu ezikhona ezibangelwa yimiphumela emibi yempilo. I-US Environtecteclet infas quences empone ngokuhlela amanzi empompeleni ye-PAS, okuzodinga i-asuntray enkambisweni yokuvikela amanzi esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuhlukana Kwezigaba Nokuwohloka Kwezimiso

Ezindaweni eziningi, ukubusa kwamanzi kuhlukahluka kakhulu. Igunya lihlukaniswa phakathi kwezindawo eziningi, izifunda, isifunda, nezindawo. Lokhu kuhlukana kwenza ukuhlelwa kwamanzi kuhlangane ezindaweni ezichithekile kunzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo eziningi zamanzi emhlabeni zisekhona futhi zivuza. E-United States, i-EPA ilinganisela ukuthi izigidigidi zamalitha zamanzi elashwe alahleka unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yokuvuza amapayipi emali. INhlangano yaseMelika ye-Civil Engiers inikeza njalo izinga lokuphuza amanzi engxenyeni ye-C-D noma D+. Ukubuyisela lesi sakhiwo futhi nokusimanje kudinga ukuthengwa okuqhubekayo ngesilinganiso esingakaqalithanga. Umthetho wamanzi wesikhathi esizayo kumelwe uvale indawo yemali nezindawo zokuxhasa imali nezindawo zemvelo.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Sesimiso Esihlelekile Sekusasa Lokwelapha Amanzi

Ukusingatha lezi zithiyo kudinga ukusabela okuvumelanayo nokuhlangene. Amasu angezansi amelela imishini eyinhloko abenzi bezimiso abangayisebenzisa ukuze bakhe ikusasa eliqinile.

Izomnotho Zamanzi Ezintengantengayo Nezintengo Ezinkulu

Amanzi aye abhekwa ngokwenani elikhulu, mahhala, aholela ekungcoleni okusakazekeke. Elinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okulondoloza i-pring liyi-primp efanelekile. Uma amanzi encishiswa kakhulu, akukho sikhuthazo kubasebenzisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ezolimo, ezemboni, noma indawo yokuhlala, ukuba bafake imali ephumelelayo. [inani elikhuphukayo elikhudlekayo lokuvimbela izitebhuthi [, lapho inani lenani leyunithi linyuka, lapho ukuphuza, kungaqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo eziyisisekelo ziyaneliswa ngokunenzuzo kuyilapho ziduma kokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwa. Lokhu kuyindlela engokwezombangazwe, njengoba amanzi ekwazi ukusungula isilinganiso sokukla izakhiwo ezivikela izinga eliphansi elingenisa isilinganiso esiphezulu sephawu olude ku-voluya. Imfutho lwase-Australia ingaqinisekisa ukuthi i-sbarn, i-skin, inzuzo yamanzi nokuhlukanisa kahle kakhulu, njengoba imithombo yezentente, inzuzo engcono kakhulu, iwusizo, inzuzo enkulu kakhulu.

Abaholi Bomthetho Nezindinganiso Eziphumelelayo

Ngaphandle kokubekwa, ukuqondiswa ngokuqondile kunendima ebalulekile. Izindinganiso zempumelelo yemisebenzi, izinto zobuchwepheshe, nezinqubo zezimboni zingabopha emalini egciniwe isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwezimpawu zenani noma ukuziphatha komsebenzisi. Uhlelo lwe-EPA's WaterSense luye lwaphumelela kakhulu, lusiza abathengi ukuba baphawule imikhiqizo ephumelelayo. Imithetho yokwakha ingagunyaza ukuhlelwa kokulungisa amanzi nokugawulwa kwamanzi. Ohlangothini lwezolimo, imithetho ingabeka imingcele ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ngehekthareki noma igunyaze ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziphumelelayo ze-amouse njengezimiso zokuchaza. I-Reglation iyadingeka ekulawuleni izitsha ezisebenza kahle, i-octived productionss kusuka ku-[FLT:] ukuveza ukulingana kokuncitshiswa kwamanzi.[FLD 1: 1]

Ukugada Imithombo Yezomnotho Yamanzi Ezungeze Umhlaba

Isibonelo sentambo se "thatha, sebenzisa, lahla" ngokuyisisekelo asikwazi ukumelana namanzi. Ikusasa lisemongweni wamanzi ozungezeyo. Lokhu kusho ukuphatha amanzi asetshenziswayo hhayi njengemfucumfucu, kodwa njengenzuzo eyigugu. I-Directric iscritable rever[[ i-&mdash, ukuphatha amanzi angcolileyo ngokuwasebenzisela ukuphuza amanzi nokuwabuyisela ngokuqondile ezindaweni ezinika i-— inye yezinguquko ezinamandla kakhulu kubaphathi bamanzi banamuhla. I-Orangemuva, i-Gronaryter Refishmententing System yendlela yomhlaba iyiprojectivesss yohlobo olukhulu kakhulu, ukukhiqiza izigidi eziyi-liter amanzi aphakeme kakhulu. Uhlelo lwezimiso lwezimiso lokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zamanzi kumelwe lusekele ngokubambisana, ukusungula nokuthuthukisa inzuzo yamanzi ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu.

Ukulawula Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo Nokuphatha Imithombo Yamanzi Ehlangene

Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isimiso samanzi kumelwe sivumelaniswe. Ukuhlanganisa amanzi angaphezulu namanzi, izinga lamanzi nezidingo zabantu. Ukulawula okuguquguqukayo kuhlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwemigomo ecacile, ukwakheka, ukuhlelwa kwemigomo, nokuhlelwa kwezimiso zezindawo zomhlaba. Lokhu kudinga ukuqoqwa okuqinile nokubonakala. Izinhlangano zamanzi mazi zinikwe amandla asekelwe ezimweni ezingokoqobo ezingokomlando ezingokomlando. Ukuhlela ukuhlelwa koMfula, ukuhlelwa kwendlela yokusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza, ukuhlelwa kwemigomo, nokulungisa izimiso ezisekelwe ekwazisweni ezintsha.

Indima Eshintshayo Yobuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe abusona isibhamu sesiliva, kodwa buyindlela edingekile yokunikeza amandla esimiso samanzi sanamuhla.

Imithombo Yamanzi Ahlakaniphile Nemizwa Ezwakalayo

Igama elithi lichaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-inthanethi yamanzi (IOT) yemizwa ye-Internet yezinto (IFLT), ukuthuthukiswa kwemibhoshongo yemeters (AMI), kanye nokwaziswa okuhlukanisayo ezimisweni zokusakaza amanzi. Lezi zimiso zinikeza ukubonakala kwangempela kwesikhathi esicindezelayo, ukugeleza, nobungako bamanzi. Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuvuleka. Izingakhuthanekatha zamanzi zingalahlekelwa yi 20-30% zamanzi azo ukuze zivuze ngaphambi kokuba zitholakale. Izinzwa ezihlakaniphile zingaveza ukuvuza phakathi kwemizuzu evuzayo, zivumele ukuvuselela ngokushesha nokugcinwa kwamanzi amaningi. Kubathengi, amamitha okuhlakanipha anikeza imininingwane yokusetshenziswa, ukunikeza amandla okushintsha indlela yokuziphatha nokusetshenziswa. I-micromeod

Ukwelashwa Okuthuthukile: Ukulahlekelwa Nokuphinde Usebenzise

Njengoba imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile ilawulwa kakhulu, imithombo ekhona iqala ukusebenza kakhulu. I-Desilition yamanzi olwandle namanzi angaphansi komhlaba anikeza amanzi azimele atholakalayo. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekunqandeni i-osmosis iye yanciphisa amandla adingekayo ekuncipheni amashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Nakuba kusekhona amandla anamandla amaningi kunawokusetshenziswa ngokuvamile, i-desilitha eliyithuluzi elibucayi lokusekela amadolobha asogwini abhekene nokusweka okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Israel, manje ihlangana ngokuphawulekayo namaphesenti angu-50 amanzi asekhaya afunwayo ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwemali. Ukusekela kokuncitshiswa kokusetshenziswa kwezithonga ezitshalweni zezitshalo kuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa okucothayo kanye nokukhuliswa kwemithi.

Izazi Zesayensi Nezimo Ezisandulelayo

Ukuphatha amanzi kuyinto yokwaziswa eyandayo. Iziphuphutheki ze-NASA nezinye izinhlangano zihlola ukuncipha kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amazinga eqhwa, kanye nokuphefumula. Amanani emishini angabikezela isidingo samanzi, abikezele ukuhluleka kwemibhobho, futhi alungise ukusebenza kwala mathumbu nezindawo zokwelapha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubikezela kwesikhukhula se-Google ukusebenzisa i-AIP ukuze kunikeze izixwayiso eziqondile zezenzakalo ezidlulele eNdiya naseBangladesh, kunikeze isikhathi sokulungiselela. Abaphathi bemishini badinga ukutshala izimali ezimbonini nakuqeqeshelwa ukubopha lamathuluzi okwaziswa. Izimiso zemininingwane zinganika abacwaningi nosomazankosi amandla okuthuthukisa izinqubo zamanzi.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokuzivumelanisa Nokuziphatha

Akukho nqubo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iklanywe kahle kangakanani, engaphumelela ngaphandle kokuqonda nokuhlanganyela okusebenzayo kwemiphakathi ethintekayo.

Ukuphatha Amanzi Okuhlanganyela

Ukuphathwa kwamanzi phezulu kunomlando omude wehluleka. Izinhlangano ezinemithombo yamanzi ebekwe phansi noma ezinganakwa zivame ukumelana noma ukuphambukisa izimiso. Water User Unist Associations (Akanjalo) ziyisibonelo esiqinile sokuphatha ukunisela ngenkaniselwa, ukudlulisela umthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenza kwesimiso kanye nokunakekela abalimi bendawo. Lokhu kwakha umuzwa wokubuswa nokulandisa. Ezindaweni zasedolobheni, izinhlelo zemali yokuhlukanisa izimali zingavumela izakhamuzi ukuba zisho ngokuqondile ekukhiqikeleleni izimali ezingeni ezinhlahleni, njengasengangeni lemvula nemigwane. Izimiso eziphumelelayo zidala izakhiwo ezisemthethweni zokukhomba ukuboshelwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphini ezindaweni eziphakathi, kuhlanganise nakwenezena, zihloniswe nakwe nakwe ndawo ezindaweni eziphansi.

Ukuhlakulela Isimiso Sokuvikela Amanzi

Ukuphepha kwamanzi isikhathi eside kudinga ukushintshwa kwempucuko. Ukugada amanzi kumelwe kube umkhuba ogxile kakhulu, hhayi nje ukusabela ekunqamulweni kwesomiso esiphuthumayo. Lokhu kuhilela imikhankaso emikhulu yemfundo yomphakathi, izinhlelo zesikole, nokuphuma komphakathi. i-Bevioral ispects[ ingenza kube nokuphumelela okukhulu; ngokwesibonelo, ukunikeza izakhiwo ezinombiko oqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nomakhelwane bazo abaphumelelayo kuboniswe ukuthi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa. Ukukhetha kuyindawo enkulu yokubuka. Ukususa i-turf nefory - toletance tranty izitshalo zomdabuni (xericatance) kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngaphandle ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu. Ukusekela lo hlelo lwezimiso lokuguqula izinhlelo ze-tbarounds, njengasezindaweni eziseLorner naseLons.

Isiphetho: Ukushayela Indlela Eya Ekulondekeni Kwamanzi

Ikusasa lesimiso samanzi lapho kubhekene nokwanda kwabantu alikho ngokuthola ikhambi elilodwa lomlingo. Kungokokwenza i-orchestra yempendulo edikshini, imfuno, izinga, ukulingana, nokuzimela ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ifasitela lokusebenza ngokusheshisa linciphile. Ezindaweni eziningi, ukukhetha okwenziwa eshumini elizayo, kuyovala ukulondeka kwamanzi noma izinkinga zamanzi ezizukulwaneni. Indlela ifuna ukusuka ezinhlangothini ezihlukene, ukulawulwa kokuvumelana, ukuvumelana, nokulawula ulwazi. Kudinga izinqumo ezinzima zezombangazwe ekuthuthukiseni, ukwabiwa, ukuhlelwa, ukuhlelwa kwemali, nokugcinwa kwemali. Kufuna ukuba singabi nandaba nje kuphela njengokufakwa kwezomnotho, kodwa njengesisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuphila, impilo, nendawo ezungezile. Ngokuhlela inselele, nangokwenselele, nangokwezinye inselele, nangamathuluzi ekwazi ukuphatha izinto zesikhathi esizayo.