Ukubaluleka Kwesivunguvungu Njengesigungu Sentando Yeningi

Votertep isebenza njengenye yezikhokhi ezibonisa kakhulu amandla entando yeningi esizwe. Uma izakhamuzi ziqhamuka ekuhloleni ngobuningi, kubonisa ukuqiniseka esimisweni sokukhetha futhi inkolelo yokuthi izwi lomuntu lingashintsha. Ngokuphambene, ukuphenduphenduka okungapheli ngokuvamile kuveza iziqinisekiso ezijulile −, imingcele yokwakha, noma umuzwa wokuthi imishini yezombangazwe ayisabeli kubantu bosuku lonke. Ngokuhlola izimo eziguquguqukayo phakathi nesikhathi esithile, sizuza ifasitela ekutheni izinhlangano zezenhlalo, izinguquko zezimiso, nezinguquko zempucuko zikhuphucuthe kanjani noma zinciphe. Lokhu kuhlola futhi kuqokomisa umsebenzi oqhubekayo odingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zingasebenzisa ilungelo lazo lokusebenzisa ngaphandle kwemingcele engaboleki.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okungokomlando Komjikelezo Wezimbali E - United States

Indaba yomvoti waseMelika ingenye yezikhungo zokwanda nokuncitshiswa. Ukusungulwa kwezwe kwakumncinyane ngendlela engavamile, kugcinwe kakhulu kubaphathi bempahla yabesilisa abamhlophe. Ukusuka kokhetho lokuqala lukamongameli kwaqhubeka kucishe kube ngu-6 kuya ku-10% yabantu abadala. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo, ukuncishiswa komthetho-mthetho-sisekelo, umthetho kahulumeni, kanye nezinyunyana zotshani kwasusa kancane kancane kancane abaningi (*)

Ikhulu Le - 19: Ukwandisa Isisekelo

Phakathi nawo-668800, amazwe amaningi aye asuse izimfuneko zempahla zamadoda amhlophe, okwaholela ekuthatheleni ingxenye. Ukuya okhethweni lukamongameli kwakuvame ukwedlula amaphesenti angu-70 abesilisa abamhlophe abafanelekayo phakathi kuka-1840 no-1900. Nokho, ama-Afrikan $$aracism noma, ngemva kweMpi Yombango, abhekana nezintela zokukhokha, ukuhlola kokufunda nokusongela kobudlova. ISiphendulo se-15 (1870) ngokucatshangelwa sanqabela ukucwasana kwezinhlanga ekuvoteni, kodwa i-Jim Crow yaseNingizimu yamisa imithetho eyalahla u-Black Crow cishe ekhulwini leminyaka.

Inkathi Eqhubekayo Nemfutho Yabesifazane

Izinguquko ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwelama-20 (ngokuphawulekayo) ukuhlelwa kwe-collet eyimfihlo kanye nokhetho oluyinhloko (ihloselwe ukunciphisa inkohlakalo nokuhlanganyela. ISichibiyelo sekhulu le-19 ngo-1920, saphindeka kabili inqubo yokuvota. Kodwa lolu shintsho lwaba kancane kancane: abesifazane abaningi babebhekene nokucindezela komphakathi, izithiyo zokubhalisa, futhi bengakwazi ukufinyelela indawo yokuvota. I-Turtout yacwila ngempela emashumini eminyaka aseduze, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi abasanda kukhethwa babehlanganisa izakhamuzi eziningi ezazingakasunguli imikhuba yokuvota. Noma kunjalo, izithi zesikhathi eside se-65656 zazingangeni ndawo yokufuna ukuvota.

I - Communi Rights Act ka - 1965, I - Community Rights Act of the Contact

Umzuzu opholile womvoti wanamuhla wamiswa ngenhlangano yamalungelo abantu. ISichibiyelo sama-24 (1964) savimbela intela yokuvota kukhetho lukahulumeni, futhi iVoting Rights Act ka-1965 yahlasela ukuhlola ukufunda nokubhala kanye namanye amathuluzi okugunyaza ukubhalisa. Ukwengamela kokubhaliswa kwemithetho yobuzwe yakudala kwamiswa. Igalelo lashesha futhi lajula: Ukubhalisa okumnyama eNingizimu kwagxuma kusukela cishe ngamaphesenti angu 23 ngo-1961 kuya ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-61 ngo-1969. U-Vartout we-optation ye-presical div, ephakeme ngamaphesenti angu- 63.8 ngo-1960 (uhlanga lwamaPrediumNixton) futhi lahlala ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-555 kwaze kwaba ngo-1970.

Ukuwohloka Nokuthola Ingxenye Ekhulwini Lama - 20

Ngemva kwezimpawu eziphakeme zango-1960, ukuvuleka kwaqala ukwehla isikhathi eside, kancane kancane. Ngo-1969, amaphesenti angu-5 kuphela abavoti abafanelekayo afaka ifomu lomncintiswano we-presidential /a ephansi. Izazi zithi lokhu kukhukhuleka kubangelwa izici eziningana: ukuncipha kwalenhlangano, umuzwa wokuncishiswa kwempumelelo yezombangazwe, ukunyuka komkhankaso wethelevishini wokuthi ukukhetha okungalawuleki, kanye nezimiso zokubhalisa ezahlala zinzima ngisho nangemva kwezinguquko. ISichibiyelo sama-26 (1971) sanciphisa ukuvota kwabaneminyaka engu-18, kodwa ukuvusemdlanga kokuqala phakathi kwentsha yovoti yayintula, kuthukela kancane kakhulu amaphesenti angu-40.

Emashumini Eminyaka Amuva: Ukushintshashintsha Kwenkathi Ye - HyperשPolare

Ikhulu lama-21 liye laphinde labuya ngesilinganiso esiphansi, saqhutshwa kakhulu ngokhetho oluphakeme, lwanwetshwa kwasekuqaleni futhi lwakhuliswa ngeposi, futhi lwamiswa kakhulu. Ukhetho lwango-2004 (6,1,1) lwaphawula ukuguquka kwenani eliwunyaka ka-1999 nadir, kanye nomkhankaso ka 2008 iObama wabangela ukubhaliswa komthetho obhaliwe, okwaphumela ekutheni kuphinde kubhaliswe amaphesenti angu-62. U-2016 (60,2%) wayephansi kakhulu kodwa ngaphezu kwesilinganiso samuva nje. Kwabe sekufike unyaka ka-202020, unyaka wesifo, ukubhikisha, nokugcwala kwezindawo ezibandayo, okwabona amaphesenti angu 66.8 enyuka kakhulu, kusukela ngo-1900, uhlawulo oluphakathi kwenani eliphakathi, cishe ama-52222, uhliswa, uhlawulo oluvamile lwe-CMxred futhi lwaboniswa.

Izici Zomkhomo Ziphazamisa Ukuhlanganyela Kwemisebe

Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bevota kuyilapho abanye behlala ekhaya kudinga ukuhlola iqoqo lamandla amanani abantu, izinhlangano, ne-mongo. akukho kushintsha okuchaza ukuvota; kunalokho, basebenzelana ngezindlela ezihlukahlukayo phakathi kokhetho nezindawo.

Izinqubo Zokulinganisa Izibalo

[[FLT: 0] Arge ihlala ingeyesinye sezilinganiso ezinamandla kakhulu: izakhamuzi ezindala zivota ngesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu kunalezo ezisencane. Ngo-2020, phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezingamashumi amahlanu nangaphezulu zadlula 76%, kuyilapho lezo ezineminyaka engu-18-24 zivotelwe esigabeni sangu-51 .NXa irekhodi eliphezulu kuleloqembu leminyaka. [[FLT:] [2] inzuzo [[FLT] futhi zihlasela kakhulu ngokujika. Abathweswe iziqu basekoliji bajika ngesilinganiso se-15,20% yamanani aphakeme kunalawo angenawo amadegredi esikole. [FLT] [FLD:4] [FFFF:]] iyaqhubeka izikhawu, nakuba inciphene.

Izimboni Zezezinhlangano Nezomthetho

Izimfuneko zokubhalisa ziyisithiyo esinzima. I-United States ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa zolawulo lwentando yeningi lapho umthwalo wokubhalisa wehlela kakhulu kubantu ngabanye, kunokuba kube nguhulumeni. Izwe elinendawo efanayo yokubhalisa ngosuku olungu-65 (SDR) kanye nokuvota okuzenzekelayo (AVR) ngokuqhubekayo ibona amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu kunalemithetho. [ uhlobo lokubhalisa [[FFLT:3]] izindaba ezinkulu: ukhetho lukamongameli ludweba amaphuzu angaphezulu kakhulu kuno-15-20%, aveza amaphuzu angaphezulu kunokhetho oluphakathi, olushintshayo ngaphezu kwezindawo zendawo noma amakhetho ayinhloko. [FLT:] [FLT][FFFFFF]]

Izici Ezingokwengqondo Nezenhlalo

Umsebenzi we-Livic nomqondo wokusebenza unamandla ashukumisayo. Abantu bavota ngoba bekholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile futhi banomuzwa wesibopho sokuziphatha. Izimiso zomphakathi zidlala indima futhi: uma abangane, umkhaya, nomakhelwane bevota, abantu bavame ukulandela ngokufanele. Ngokuphambene, ukudideka kwezombangazwe, umbono wokuthi kokubili kungokufana, noma inkolelo yokuthi ivoti yakho ayivumi ukuguqula izindleko. Izindleko zobungane, u-station [i Foct3]] Izindleko ezifunekayo ekufundeni izimpikiswano, kanye nokuhlola izindawo ezihlanganyela, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwe-19649 noma ama-3]

Imininingwane Yamuva Engokwesiko: Ukuhlolisisa Izinombolo

Ukuhlola ukwaziswa okuvela emijikelezweni yokukhetha yamuva kunikeza ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthuthuka kanye nezikhala eziphikelelayo.

  • 2020 Ukhetho loMongameli: 66.8% yezakhamuzi zenkathi yokuvota yaphuma, isilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngo-1900. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi, kwaphuma phakathi kwabasha abavoti (18.29) kuya ku-10.6%, kanye naku-Asian America (63.3%) naku-Spanic abavoti (59.7%), kokubili kuqopha ukuphakama. Ukusetshenziswa kweposi yezemidlalo kuqhushume ngenxa yesifo, okungaphezu kwe 43% ye-vota bollations ngokuthumela ngeposi 2016 2016 ngokuphinda kabili.
  • 2022 Midters Everst: I-Turnout yalinganiselwa ku- 52.2% yabavoti abafanelekayo, abaphakeme kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Inkathi ka-2018 yayisimise i-(62cord) ka-50%, kanti 2022-juqu ngaphezulu. U-Photooter osemusha wahlala ehlehlehle ngango 37%, ukonakalisa izibikezelo zokuwa.
  • I-2016 Ukhetho loMongameli: 60.2% `i-parts' `a' ibuyela esibonelweni sika-2004 no-2009 ngemva ko-2012 ukucwila (54.9%). Lolukhetho lwabona igebe elikhulu lemfundo: abathweswe iziqu basekolishi bavota ngo-70%, kuyilapho labo abangenazo iziqu zasekolishi bevota ngo-5%.
  • 2014 Midter (indawo ephansi): Kuphela amaphesenti angu- 41,9 abavoti abafanelekayo abathathi nxaxheba, abaphansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-1942. Ngalowonyaka kwaboniswa ukuhla kwenhlabathi okungavela ngezikhathi ezingaqhamukanga.

Lamaphuzu okwaziswa agcizelela ukuthi nakuba ukuguquka kuye kwatholakala ezimweni eziphansi emlandweni, umehluko omkhulu usaqhubeka. Igebe phakathi kwabantu abaningi nabangenawo amanani anele lisebanzi, okusikisela ukuthi kokubili izinguquko zokwakha nokuhlongozwa kusadingeka.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Eshintshayo Ekuhlanganyeleni Kwezimbali

Amathuluzi e-operation abuye ahlela indlela abavoti ababhalisa ngayo, bafunde ngayo ngokhetho, futhi baphonse amavoti. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bungesiwo i-panaceace, buye banciphisa imigoqo ethile futhi badala imikhondo emisha yokukhipha.

Ukubhalisa Nge - Internet Nokubhalisa Izincwadi Ezizisebenzelayo

Kusukela ngo-2024, amazwe angu-42 kanye ne-Driestric of Columbia inikeza ukubhaliswa kwe-internet. Lokhu kusiza kunciphisa amaphutha amaphepha futhi kusheshise le nqubo. Ama-odosa aye athatha ngokugcwele ukubhaliswa okuzisebenzelayo (AVR). Ngokusemthethweni, lapho izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zibhaliswa khona lapho zisebenzisa imoto noma ezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwemithombo Yezindaba Nezinombolo

Inkampano, amaqembu ezisebenzi, kanye nezikhulu zokhetho zisebenzisa amapulatifomu ezezezokuxhumana ukuze zinikeze izikhumbuzo, zihlanganyele ukwaziswa kokuhlola indawo, futhi zithathelane amanga. I-source programs propeer ne-Aussapp ziye zaphumelela ekukhipheni abavoti abangavamile. Nokho, amapulatifomu afanayo angabuye akhiphe ulwazi oluphathelene nokukhwabanisa noma ushintsho oluthatha indawo, olungavimba ukuphenywa. Ukulinganisela izinzuzo zokuphuma kwemishini nezingozi zokungaqondisi ngqo kuyinselele.

Ukusakaza Izincwadi Nokusakaza Izincwadi Kusengaphambili

Ubuchwepheshe buye basebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuvota. Izifundazwe eziningi manje zinikeza imishini yokudweba i-oda nge-inthanethi yokudweba i-oda kanye ne-electrock cork. I-Mail āin ikhuliswe kakhulu ngo-202020, futhi izifundazwe eziningi ziye zenza lezo zinguquko zihlale njalo. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ivoti 93by 94mail ingakhuphuka ngamachaphaza amaphesenti angu-2-84, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abakuthola kunzima ukufinyelela indawo yokuvota nge-Ecostation Day, njengezisebenzi ezishishishishishi, abantu abakhubazekile, nezakhamuzi zasemaphandleni. Izikhathi zokuqala zokuvota, inkathi yokuvota, futhi ikwazi ukuvota izinsuku ezingu-45, futhi ivumela ukuba i-votivelvey ikhethe isikhathi esingcono, ukuthatha isinyathelo.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo: Izinselele Ezisalokhu Zikhona

Naphezu kwentuthuko ethuthukile namathuba amasha obuchwepheshe, izithiyo ezinkulu ziyaqhubeka zicindezela ukuvota, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini engaphansi.

Ukucindezelwa Kwemithetho Engokomthetho Nemithetho Evimbelayo

Eminyakeni yamuva, izifunda eziningi ziye zamisa imithetho eyenza kube nzima ukuvota kusenesikhathi esincane, ukuqinisa izimfuneko ze-ID, ukukhipha iziphungulo zokuvota, nokunciphisa ukungena kwebhokisi. Amaqembu e-advocation aphikisa ngokuthi lezi zinyathelo zithinta amalungelo aphansi angaphansi, amavoti aphezulu, amaqeshananti, nabafundi. IBrennan Center for Justice ilandela umthetho onjalo futhi ibika ukuthi phakathi kuka-2021 no-2023, okungenani i-18 yehlela imithetho yokuvota evimbela ukuvota.

Ukungaqondi Nokudideka

Ukungaqondi okunganembile ngezinqubo zokuvota, njengezindawo zokuvota ezinganembile, izinsuku ezingezona ezifanele, noma izisholo zokukhwabanisa okweqisayo, kungasusa abavoti abafanelekayo kulokhu kuhlola. Imikhankaso yokuphazamisa kwamanye amazwe nabadlali abayingozi basekhaya baye bafaka imithombo yezokuxhumana ehlohla izikhali ukuze babhebhethe isiyalu. Ukuhlolwa kwe - 2022. U-Pew Research Center kwathola ukuthi 57% waseMelika bathi bahlangana nezindaba ezishayo ngokhetho. Abavoter abangaqiniseki ngenqubo yokuzinqikela bangavelela ngaphandle kokuzifaka engozini yokuhlala ekhaya kunokuba benze iphutha.

Izingqinamba Zokutholakala Nokusebenzisa Ubuciko

Imigqa emide ngoSuku Lokhetho, ngezinye izikhathi ithinta ngokungenakulinganiswa abavoti emadolobheni nasezindaweni ezimbalwa, lapho izindawo zokuhlola zingaba nezisebenzi ezimbalwa noma zibe nemishini embalwa. Abantu abakhubazekile bavame ukubhekana nezithiyo zokwakha, njengokungena noma ukuntuleka kwemishini yokuvota. Usizo lolimi alulingani futhi: nakuba i-Voting Rights Act idinga amagunya athile ukuze kunikezwe izinto zokwakha ezingokweelwimi eziningi, izindawo eziningi ziyahluleka. Izakhamuzi ezinezinkolelo eziqinile, izingangu 48 zifaka imingcele ethile yemithetho yokuvota, futhi ukudideleka ngenxa yokungahambi kwemishini yokuvota ngokuvamile kuvimbela ukuvota. uS.

Izinqubo Eziwubufakazi Zokwandisa I - Voter Turmout

Besebenzisa ukucwaninga okungokwezingcingo nezinhlelo eziphumelelayo zokushayela izindiza, abasunguli bezimiso, abasekeli bezindaba, nezikhulu zokhetho baye basungula izindlela eziningana eziye zandisa ukuhlanganyela okunamandla.

Ukubhalisa Usuku Ngosuku Okuzenzakalelayo Nokufanayo

Ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo (AVR) kungenye yezinguquko eziphumelela kakhulu. Ngokokuhlola kwa 2020 okwenziwa yi-Centre for American Progress, i-AVR yathola amazinga acishe abe ngu-10 ngamaphesenti ngaphandle kwayo. Ukubhalisa okufanayo (SDR) okungamanani e-S2001, manje okukhona ezizweni ezingu-22 kanye ne-D.C., kuvumela abavoti ukuba babhalise ngosuku olufanayo. Umbiko ka-2017 we-Universal Accomplate Accounting Office wathola ukuthi i-SDR ingakhuphunyuka ngamaphuzu angu-2 /2 /7], ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabashana nabahamba be-mbhekile.

Ukusakaza Imisindo Yakuqala NeVetechitabymbilia Mail

Ukunikeza izinsuku eziningi nezindlela zokuvota kunciphisa izindleko zokuhlanganyela. Izifunda ezinganikezi ukuvota noma iposi yonke i-preset àin propecter zibona ukuphakama kwe-cription. IColorado, eyashintshela ekuvoteleni konke okungu-345mail ngo-2014, isesilinganisweni esingapheli phakathi kwezifunda eziphezulu zokuthatha i-cstation(167,7% ngo-2020, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sesizwe. iWashington ne-Oregon, zombili i-ccov 93by Xanamail, nazo izinga eliphakeme zokuthatha i-post.

Imfundo Yesibhamu Nokuthunjwa Komphakathi

Ukufundisa intsha ngenqubo yokuvota − kanye nezimpikiswano ezisengozini . Izinhlelo ezifana ne-Kids Voting USA kanye novoti basesikoleni esiphakeme ziboniswe zandisa intsha ngamaphuzu asukelayo ngo 2-ne-5%. Izinhlangano ezisebenzisa umnyango we-pauntain, izingcingo zocingo, nemiyalezo yokuthumela imiyalezo ukuze zifinyelele ekutholeni imvuthulelo yamaphesenti angu-3,8 ngokwezivivinyo ezilawulwa yi-Analyst Institute. I-Freençure pressures ezisebenzisa umnyango we-vhoo, izingcingo zocingo zomuntu siqu, kanye nemiyalezo yokuthumela imiyalezo ukuze ziveze i-avectory ephuma njalo amaphuzu angamashumi amathathu namashumi amathathu nane, ngokwezicishiciso olulawulwa yi-Analyst Institute. I-Entarensacrecreccoure ingenza ithonya futhi.

Izinguquko Zenqubo: Kusukela eMaholideni Okukhetha Kuya E - Internet Ballot Access

Ukwenza iholide lokhetho lwesizwe, noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi ziye zakhokhela isikhathi sokuvota, kungasusa isithiyo esikhulu (ngokwengxenye ihora elingumvuzo.) Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zasebenzisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-inthanethi ye-operati ye-operatis ukuze ziqondise abavoti bezempi nabaphesheya, futhi zizama ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuvota (nakuba imibandela yokuphepha isakhona). I-National Conference of State Legislatures ilandela izinhlobonhlobo zezimiso zokukhetha.

Bheka Phambili: Ikusasa Lesivumelwano Sesigqi Esifanayo

Izimiso zokuzimela izifunda ezibonisa impilo yentando yeningi kodwa iqembu liyoqinisekisa ukuthi iphimbo lesakhamuzi ngasinye lizwakala. Ukululama okuphawulekayo kusukela phakathi nonyaka ka-2020 kuya emazingeni agciniwe ka-202020 futhi kuqhubeke phakathi nonyaka ka-2022 kusikisela ukuthi lapho okhethweni bebona ukuthi kuthatha izinyathelo eziphakeme futhi lapho ukuvota kwenziwa kube lula, amaMelika abonakala. Kodwa ukuhluka okukhulu ngokweminyaka, ngokohlanga, inzuzo, kanye nesizinda somhlaba kusikhumbuza ukuthi isimiso sisehluleka ukufinyelela imingcele yaso.

Ukuqhubeka kwenqubo yokubhalisa nokuvota, kuhlangene nemfundo eqinile nesivikelo ekudukisweni kwezakhamuzi, kungavala lezindawo. Njengoba isizwe sisondela ekukhethweni kukamongameli ka-2024 nangalé, ukutshala imali ezinhlanganweni zokhetho nokungenela umphakathi kuyonquma ukuthi ukusekela kwezentando yeningi okuphezulu kuyaqhubeka yini. Kulabo abazinikele ekubusweni ngentando yeningi, umgomo ucacile: isizwe lapho umvoti engekho ilungelo kwabambalwa, kodwa isiko elivamile labaningi.