Iminikelo yenkambiso iyindlela eyinhloko abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano abasekela ngayo ngokwezimali abazohlolwa ngokwezombangazwe, amaqembu, nezimbangela. Leminikelo efakwa ngaphansi kwemishini yokukhangisa yemikhankaso yesimanje yokuzimela ithenga, iposi eliqondile, imishini yokukhangisa, amasampula emishini, imiholo yezisebenzi, ukuhamba, nokuphuma ngaphandle kwemisebenzi. Ukuhlobana phakathi kweminikelo yomkhankaso nevoti yakho akuyona nje intengiselwano; iphakamisa imibuzo eyisisekelo ngokuphathelene nokumelelwa, ukufinyelela, nobunzima bamazwi ahlukene edemocricralini. Ukuqonda indlela imali ehamba ngayo ngesimiso sezombangazwe, izilungiselelo ezingokomthetho esilawulayo, nezimpawu ezithunyelwayo ukuba ivote ibaluleke kunoma ubani ofuna ukuvota ngokuqaphela ngokugcwele amandla okukhetha okulungisa ibhola.

Imishini Yomkhankaso

Ukuze baqonde indlela iminikelo yomkhankaso exhumanisa ngayo ukuvota, kudingekile ukuqonda isisekelo sesimiso sokuqoqa imali kwezombangazwe. Abameleli, abaphethe nohulumeni, kanye namaqembu ezombangazwe baphakamisa imali ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Abantu ngabanye abanikelayo banganikela ngokuqondile kumakomiti acela i-propatitial, ngaphansi kwemingcele engokomthetho. Amakomiti ezenzo zezombangazwe (ama-PAC) (ama-pat) asuka emalungwini noma abasebenzi futhi anikele kumalungu asebe abacela ukukhokhelwa. Amakomiti enhlangano aphakamisa imali yokusekela izikweleti zawo zonke. Njengoba i-CFLT ][56][FLT] ingenza i-United [FC isinqumo sobutho] ngo-2010], ama-PAC kanye namanye amakomiti azimele anganyusa futhi asebenzise imali ehhhhhoverseshoshosho abamele ukusekela noma abamele ukulwa.

Lemali ifakwa esigcawini sokufuna ukuvota. Ithelevishini nemishini yokukhangisa yizindleko ezinkulu kakhulu kwezinhlanga eziphawulekayo. Iposi eliqondile, amahhovisi asemasimini, amabhange ocingo, ukuvota, kanye nokwaziswa konke kudinga imali eningi. Ngaphandle kweminikelo, abazohlolwa bangalwa kanzima ukuxhumana namapulatifomu abo, baphendule ekuhlaseleni, noma bakhe izakhiwo ezidingekayo ukuze bakhiphe abasekeli be-Ecostation Day. Lokhu kuveza ukuncintisana: abafuna ukuqongelelwa izimali, nesidingo sokuphakamisa izimali abazisebenzisayo, izikhundla zemithetho abazigcizelelayo, nendlela abanikeza ngayo ukunakekela kwabo ehhovisi.

Izinhlobo Zezisebenzi Zomkhankaso

Indawo yonke yabanikeli bomkhankaso ayifani neze ne-odoli. Ukuqonda izigaba ezihlukene zabanikeli kusiza abavoti ukuba bachaze lokho ukuqoqa kwenani lombali okungase kubonise ngezindawo zabo eziza kuqala zokubusa kanye nokuhlangana.

Abanikazi Ababodwa Neminikelo Emincane

Abanikeli ngabanye bayingxenye ebanzi kakhulu. [1] Labo abanikela nge-dilorlar encane − labo abanikela ngo-R120 noma ngaphansi — baye bakhula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokunyuka kwamapulatifomu e-inthanethi e-internet. Abanikela ngempumelelo abanikelayo abaningi abancane bavame ukugcizelela ukusekela futhi bafune ukuzimela ezithakazelweni ezicebile. Nokho, ngisho neminikelo emincane ingadala umuzwa wesibopho sokwenza u-R350 noma ngaphansi kwe-$(2001) futhi imiphumela egcwele yeminikelo eminingi emincane ingaqondisa i-galelo ezikhundleni ezihambisana nesisekelo esineqhaza. [[FFL:0] Firedalm] Inyurouservation Commission (FLC).[FLC]

AmaKomiti Empi Yezombangazwe (Ama - PAC)

I-PAC iyizinhlangano eziqoqa imali eqenjini elithile lamalungu noma izisebenzi bese zinikela ngayo kwabazokufakelwa. Ama-PAC avamile anikezwa imingcele. Amelela izimboni, izinyunyana zezisebenzi, izimbangela zemibono, noma izinkampani ezingochwepheshe. Umfundi othola izimali ezinkulu ku-PAC yeqembu lamandla, ngokwesibonelo, angase athambekele kakhulu ekusekeleni izimiso ezivumelanayo nezithakazelo zamandla. Amavoter angasebenzisa imithombo enjenge u-SAC SOCT [[ ukulandelela ukugeleza kwemali ye-PAC futhi athole izindlela zethonya ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwezemboni nezindawo.

AmaPacaC Aphakeme Namaqembu Okuzikhulula

I-PAC ephezulu ingaphakamisa imali engenamkhawulo evela ezinhlanganweni, ezinyunyana, nabantu ngabanye, futhi ingayisebenzisa leyo mali ngokuzimele ukuze isekele noma iphikise abaphikisi. Abakwazi ukunikela ngokuqondile emikhankasweni noma ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yabo nabo, kodwa besebenzisa umehluko phakathi kokubambisana nokuzimela, ingaba yi-orenji. I-PAC ngokuvamile ibusa izikhangiso ze-aimosfera ngokukhangisa okungakhisi, futhi ukuba khona kwazo kuye kwandisa kakhulu inani lemali esimisweni sezombangazwe. Abavoter kufanele baqaphele ukuthi imali esetshenziswa kakhulu i-PAC ingabeka intellion yemali yomzanyana, okusho ukuthi amaqembu angaphandle angaveza ukulandisa kohlanga ngaphezu kwekomiti ye-mgadi ngokwayo.

Imali Emnyama Nezinhlangano Ezingalitholi Inzuzo

Ezinye izindleko zezombangazwe zihamba ngezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle ezingatholi nzuzo ezingadingeki ukudalula abanikela ngazo. Lemali ebizwa ngokuthi imnyama yenza kube nzima ngabavoti ukwazi ukuthi ubani ngempela oyimbangela yomkhankaso othile noma wokubhalisa. 501(c)(4) izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle ne-501(c) (6) (6) ingenza umsebenzi wezentengiselwano uma nje kungeyona injongo yabo eyinhloko, futhi ngokuvamile abadingi ukuveza imithombo yabo yezimali. Lokhu kungabi nalwazi lokubona kulula ikhono lika-Rovice lokuhlola izingxabano ezingase zibangele inzalo futhi zigcine ukulandisa.

Umkhankaso OnguMnyango Onguhulumeni Ongokomthetho Unikela

Umthetho wezezimali e-United States usekelwe esisekelweni sesambulo, imingcele yomnikelo, nomehluko phakathi kwezindleko ezizimele nemali ehlangene. Umthetho we-Federal Econstruction Campaign (FECA) ka-1974, walungiswa kakhulu ngo-1979 ngemva kwe-Watergate, wasungula isimiso sanamuhla sokubika nemingcele. I-Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) ka-2008. Ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-MCain-Fieldon-Fold(ebanold-*) iminikelo ethambileyo ebekwe ekomitini yesizwe futhi ikhankankathi elinganiselwe yokukhangisa iminikelo eseduze kokhetho.

Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme sango-2010] sahlanganisa izingxenye eziyinhloko zaloluhlelo ngo-2010 ngokubamba ukuthi izinhlangano nezinyunyana zineSichibiyelo Sokuqala nelungelo lokusebenzisa imali engenamkhawulo enkulu enkulu enkulumweni yezombangazwe. Lokhu kwavulela umnyango ama-PAC futhi kwandisa ngokuphawulekayo indima yokusebenzisa imali ngaphandle. Izinqumo zenkantolo ziye zanciphisa imingcele yomnikelo nezimfuneko zokwambula. Umphumela yisimiso lapho imali igeleza ngokukhululekile, ukuchaziwa kwayo kuyaguquguquka, futhi indawo yokuqondisa ihlala ikhona iyashintsha.

Eminye imibuso ibeka imingcele eqinile yomnikelo futhi idinga ukudalulwa kakhulu, kuyilapho eminye inemingcele embalwa. Abashicileli kufanele bazijwayeze imithetho ngokwabo ukuze baqonde ukuthi yini edingekayo nokuvela kwegebe.

Indlela Umkhankaso Oletha Ngayo Ithonya

Umbuzo oyinhloko wabavoti ukuthi iminikelo yomkhankaso empeleni ithinta indlela izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezivota ngayo nokuthi yiziphi izimiso eziziphishekelayo. izincwadi zemfundo ngalendaba zibanzi, futhi nakuba kunzima ukufakazela ngokunembile, ukusinda kobufakazi kusikisela ukuthi imali iyakuthonya ukuziphatha kwemithetho ngezindlela eziningana ezibalulekile.

Okokuqala, iminikelo ithenga ukufinyelela. Amalungu eSishaya-mthetho kanye nabamisi-mthetho basebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sabo ekuqoqeni imali. Abanikazi nalabo abangaqoqa iminikelo evela kwimifelandawo bathola imihlangano, izingcingo, namathuba okuveza imibono yabo ukuthi abantu abavamile abakwazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukutholakala kwenzuzo kusho ukuthi izinkathazo zomniniyo zingase zizwakale futhi zibekwe phambili, ngisho noma imibono yomniniyo ingavumelani neningi lelungu.

Okwesibili, isimo seminikelo ethathwa izimpikiswano. Abameli kumelwe bakhethe indlela yokuhlela isikhathi sabo esilinganiselwe nenhloko - dolobha yezombangazwe. Abanikazi abakhathalela kakhulu impikiswano ethile (‘isimiso sentela, iziqondiso zezezimali, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, noma imithetho yendawo ezungezile) basiza ekugcineni leyo ndaba ihleliwe. Le thonya ikakhulukazi lishiwo ezindabeni ezimngcingo, ezobuchwepheshe ezingakhangeli ukunakekela komphakathi, njengamalungiselelo agqitshwe ezikwelelweni ezinkulu zentela noma ezingokomthetho.

Okwesithathu, iminikelo idala isimiso sokubuyisela amathemba. Nakuba kungavamile ukuba kube khona ukuphenya okucacile okuhambisanayo okungabangela ukufumbathisa. − ubuhlobo phakathi kwabanikeli nabamukelayo busekelwe ekuqondeni. Abanikazi basekela abaphiwa ngefilosofi ebanzi ehambisana nezithakazelo zabo, futhi balindele ukuthi labo abazohlongozwa bayomelela lezozinto lapho besehhovisi. Ukuqonda okuhlanganyelweyo kokusabela kuqondwa kahle nhlangothi zombili. Njengoba ngaphambili i-Senator Alan Simpson ikubeka, "Uma uhlala ekomitini ephethe okuthile okuthinta imboni yomnikelo, bayothola indlela yabo ehhovisi lakho. Futhi ngeke bawugcine kahle umsindo ovela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. [FL:] [FL:] [FF] [1]

Lokho Abashini Okufanele Bakubheke Ekwazini Ngezimali Kwemikhankaso

Abavolontiya abafuna ukuqonda ukuhlobana kweminikelo nokuvota bangasebenzisa ukwaziswa okutholakala obala ukuze bahlole abazobhapathizwa.

Thola Imisebenzi Yemisebenzi Ephakeme

Kusetshenziswa izinto ezilingana nombuso, bheka ukuthi izimboni nezingxenye ziyini iqhaza elikhulu kakhulu kumkhankaso wombhashobhi ngamunye. Umfundi othola imali eningi evela ezimbonini zemithi noma zezempilo angase ahlele izimiso ezingcono kulezo zimboni. Obhalisayo axhaswe kakhulu izinyunyana zezisebenzi angase athathe izikhundla ezihlukene emsebenzini futhi akhokhele iholo. Le nqubo inikeza uphawu oluqinile lokuthi umuntu ozongenela ibhizinisi ungaba nezithakazelo zakhe.

Hlola Abaphi Abakhulu Nabakhulu

Abanikeli bangabantu abaqoqa iminikelo evela kubantu abaningi abanikelayo futhi bayidlulisele njengephakethe. Ngokuvamile abakhokhela abathungatha izixha ngokungena ezikhethekile, kuhlanganise nemihlangano yangasese, ukufinyela, ngisho nokumisa amanxusa. Abashicileli bangafuna izinhlu eziminyene kanye neziphakeme ukuze babone ukuthi ozothatha igalelo uthembele kakhulu esigabeni esincane sabasekeli abacebile. Ukuthembela kakhulu kwabaxhasi abacebile kungabonisa ukuthi isikhathi nokunaka kombhanana kunikezwa ngokungena emgqeni iqembu elincane labacebisi.

Qhathanisa Imithombo Ye - Fundraing Nezici Eziwumthelela

Olunye ucwaningo oludalula kakhulu ukuqhathanisa imithombo engokwenani labantu nezindawo yombhalisa wemali nomphakathi wesifunda noma wezwe abamelelwayo. Uma ilungu lendlu limelela isifunda esisebenzayo kodwa lithola iminikelo yalo eminingi evela kumaPalC angaphandle enkampane ezwe nakwabacebile, kusobala ukuthi igebe liqhelekile phakathi komniki nesisekelo sokungaguquguquki. Legebe lingaba usizo ku-mvoti ozama ukuthola ukuthi izithakazelo zakhe zimelwe zikhonzwe.

Imali Emnyama Ekhonjweni Ngezimali Ezizimele

Ngoba amaqembu emali emnyama awabambuli abanikeli bawo, abavoti abanakulandelela njalo umthombo ophelele wezindleko ezizimele. Nokho, amaningi alamaqembu asangena nge-FEC njengendawo yokuzimela-kuphela kwamakomiti, futhi i-metator ye-FEC's yembula obala ibonisa ukuthi achitha malini futhi izinhlanga zini. Abavota bangabheka futhi kumabhodi nakumalungu alamaqembu ukuze bafake izinhloso zawo. Imisebenzi yokukhanya kanye namaphephandaba aphenya nge-ACPRCism ngokuvamile abonisa ukuthi imishini emikhulu yemali esetshenziswa ezindabeni ezimnyama eziphethe emazweni ayinhloko.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuhlala Abaqaphi Bempahla

Kukhona izenzo eziqinile abantu abangazenza ukuze banciphise umsindo futhi basebenzise ukwaziswa okuphathelene nezimali njengengxenye yenqubo yabo yokwenza izinqumo.

ukucwaninga phambi kwento eyinhloko. Abazobhapathizwa abaningi bakhethwa ngokuphumelelayo okhethweni oluyinhloko oluphansi lapho izikhulu zikahulumeni zithola khona inzuzo yemikhankaso kanye nabazohlolwa kahle. Ukuhlola imibiko yezimali zemali ngaphambi kwevoti eyinhloko kungaveza ukuthi yiziphi izimpande zotshani ezibanzi ezisekelayo futhi ezincike kwinani elincane labanikeli. FEC's umkhankaso wezezimali we-data yethekishi ye-data ye-rbon [ uvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlole ngomgomo noma ngemibono eminingi ye-risithi ezifakiweyo kanye nokususwa kwemishwa.

Sebenzisa amakhadi okubhala angekho epartisan. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-GovTrack, Vote Smart, kanye namaqembu aqondene nohlelo anyathelisa amakhadi ezibalo abonisa indlela abavotelwe ngayo emyalezweni oyinhloko. Ukuqhathanisa leyo mibhalo yokuvota neprofile yomnini-mnikeli kusukela esikhathini esifanayo kungaveza ukuthi amavoti omenzi wemithetho avumelana yini nezithakazelo zabanikazi babo abaphezulu noma nezintando ezishiwoyo zezincwadi zabo.

ilandela izindleko ezizimele. emasontweni okugcina ngaphambi kokhetho, ama-PAC amakhulu namaqembu emali emnyama ngokuvamile agcwalisa i-ausewaves. Abashicileli bangabheka ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu axhasa izikhangiso azibonayo bese behlola ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izinhlanga eziye zasebenza. Amaqembu axhaswe yimboni eyodwa noma i-social yemibono ngokuvamile alandela indlela engaguquguquki yendlela yokusekela ibhizinisi eliqhuba ibhizinisi lezezentengiselwano kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi iqembu.

I-emorbave ebanzi endaweni. Izwe nohulumeni bendawo banezimfuneko zokwambulwa ezibuthakathaka kunesimiso sikahulumeni. Abaqondisi bangasekela imithetho yezezimali eqinile emazweni nasemadolobhaneni abo, kuhlanganise nemithetho yemishini yesikhathi sangempela, izitebhisi eziphansi zokubika, nezijeziso eziqinile zokungahlangani. I-message nezindawo ezingcono kakhulu zingaba imithombo engcono kakhulu yomkhankaso womkhankaso kamasipala.

Isiphetho: Umshini Ongasazi Osetshenziswa Endleleni Yemali

Iminikelo yezenkampano nokuvota kuhlangene kakhulu nentando yeningi yaseMelika. Imali inikeza imithombo edingekayo ukuze abazobhapathizwa baxhumane, bahlele futhi bancintisane, kodwa futhi idala izindlela zokuthola nethonya ezingaphazamisa ukuma kwezimali zomkhankaso.

Ukuhlobana phakathi kweminikelo namavoti akuyona njalo okuqondile − ama-candidate angamelana nokucindezela kosizo, futhi izinhlangano ezincane ezinama-dollar ziye zabonisa ukuthi izimali ezisekelwe kutshani zingaba isilinganiso esinamandla sokumelana nengcebo egcwele. Noma kunjalo, ukugeleza kwemali kuhlale kungezinye zezimpawu ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zenhlangano kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Ngokuhlola imibiko yezezimboni, ukulandela iminikelo, ukulandelela izindleko ezizimele, nokuqhathanisa izinhlangano ezisekela imfuno ezidinga ingcebo, ukuvota kungenza ukukhetha okunolwazi olungcono okubonisa izindinganiso zabo siqu kunokubonisa izithakazelo ezimbalwa eziphambili.

Ukubona izinto ngale ndlela kuyisisekelo sokulandisa, futhi imvume ethembisene yokuvota esebenzisa ukwaziswa kwezimali njengoyingxenye yokuvota kwayo iqinisa inqubo yokubusa ngentando yeningi kuwo wonke umuntu.