Izimiso zamadolobha zakha cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwasemadolobheni, kusukela ekuphakameni kothango lwakho kuya emahoreni okwazi ukuqhuba ibhizinisi lasekhaya. Nokho izakhamuzi eziningi zithola lemithetho kuphela ngemva kokutshelwa ukuphula umthetho noma ukumiswa kwemvume eshayelwayo phakathi ne-35. Lesi sihloko sinciphisa ukuyinkimbinkimbi, sinikeza imephu esebenzayo yomgwaqo ukuze uqonde, ufune, futhi uvumelane nemithetho yendawo ethinta ikhaya lakho, ibhizinisi, nomphakathi.

Iyini Imithetho Yamadolobha?

Imithetho yedolobha imishaye yemithetho, imithetho, nemithetho yokuphatha elandelwa ohulumeni bakamasipala ukuba balawule ukusetshenziswa kwendawo, ukwakhiwa, impilo yomphakathi, ukuphepha, nokuhlala kahle ezikhundleni zabo. Bathola igunya kuhulumeni okwazi ukwenza imithetho futhi baphoqelelwe ngeminyango enjengokuhlela, ukwakha, impilo, namaphoyisa. Ngokungafani nemithetho kahulumeni noma uhulumeni, imithetho yedolobha ikhuluma kakhulu ngezinkinga zendawo ephakeme kakhulu cishe emigwaqweni emincane, ukulondolozwa kwezihlahla ezingokomlando, noma imingcele ye-decibel yezindawo zomphakathi epaki lomakhelwane.

Lemithetho ayigcini. Ziyashintsha phakathi kwamavoti omkhandlu wedolobha, ukuzwana nomthetho womphakathi, kanye nokushintshwa kwemithetho yezikhathi ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, inani elandayo lamadolobha lisanda kubukeza imithetho emifushane yokuqasha, izimfuneko eziqinile zamandla ekwakheni amakhodi, noma ukukhushulelwa kwesidingo sokudla ngaphandle ngenxa yezidingo ezishintshayo zomphakathi. Ukuhlala phezu kwalezinguquko kubalulekile kunoma isiphi isakhamuzi esifuna ukugwema intela, ukuvikela inani lempahla, noma ukuqala ibhizinisi elisha.

Okwenza Imithetho Yendawo Ibaluleke Kuwe

Ukungazi umthetho wedolobha akuvamile ukuba yisivikelo esiqinile. Okubaluleke kakhulu kunokugwema izijeziso, inzuzo eqhubekayo yokusebenzisa imithetho ngokwenzuzo yakho. Nazi izizathu eziningana zokusebenzisa isikhathi esiningi ekuqondeni i-code yedolobha lakho:

  • Isivikelo se-propetrol. Izimpawu zokwakha zivikela ukutshala kwakho ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezingomakhelwane zisetshenziswa ngokufanele futhi isakhiwo sakho sihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Isenezelo esingakhiwe kahle asikho nje kuphela ukuwa kwezingozi kodwa singabangela futhi ukuvuselelwa kwemali ebizayo uma uthengisa.
  • Inzuzo yezentengiselwano. Amabhizinisi asekhaya, amaloli okudla, nabagcini bebhodi abangaphambili bonke kumelwe bahambisane nokufaka i-insula, isayina, impilo, nokwenza imithetho. Ukwazi ukuthi kubheke phambili kungasindisa izinkulungwane ngezimali ezingokomthetho futhi kulahlekelwe inzuzo.
  • Ukuvumelana okuhlangene. Umsindo, udoti, ipaki, nokulawula izilwane kukhona ukulinganisela inkululeko yomuntu nelungelo lomakhelwane lokuthula. Ukuqonda lemithetho kunciphisa ukungezwani futhi kwakha ukwethembana.
  • Ithonya le- I-CUBIC. Izakhamuzi eziqonda indawo elawulayo zingasekela ngokuphumelelayo izinguquko", ukuthi kusho yini ukunciphisa imfuneko yokuvinjelwa noma ukuphathwa kokungcola. Izwi eligunyaziwe lithwala isisindo ezindlebeni zomphakathi nasemihlanganweni yemikhandlu.

Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zemithetho Yasedolobheni

Nakuba izimpawu zedolobha zihlukile, eziningi ziwuhlobo oluncane olubanzi. Ukujwayelana nalamaqembu kuyokusiza ukuba ulawule noma imuphi umthetho kamasipala ngendlela engcono.

Imithetho Eshintshayo

I-joning ihlukanisa idolobha libe izigodi (ezinkulu, ezentengiselwano, ezezimboni, ezixubeneyo, njll.) futhi isho ukuthi iziphi izindlela ezivunyelwe kuzo. Ilawula futhi ukuphakama, ukuhlanganisa inqwaba, izithiyo ezivela emigceni yempahla, nezimfuneko zokupaka izimoto. Amanye amadolobha anenezela izifunda ezifiphele ukuze kuvele intuthuko engokomlando, noma ehlaziywe ngemishini. Ukuzingela kungathinta yonke into kusukela ekutheni ungagcina izinkukhukhu phambi kwakho kuya ekutheni umthuthukisi angakha yini umnyango olandelayo.

Imithetho Yokwakha

Izimiso zokwakha zibeka izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zomklamo, ukwakha, nokulungisa izakhiwo. Zihlanganisa imithwalo yokwakha, ukumelana nomlilo, imishini yogesi, amapayipi, imishini yokuphehla amanzi, imishini yamandla. Amadolobha amaningi ase-U. Asebenzisa enye yemithetho ye-International Code (IÍ9 Code) ekhishwa yi-International Council (ICC), ngezinye izikhathi ngeminyango yendawo. I- Compliance iyaqinisekiswa ngemvume nangezindlela zokuhlola.

Izici Ezingokwempilo Nezokulondeka

Lemithetho ikhuluma ngezingozi zempilo yomphakathi nezididayo. Ihlanganisa ukukhucululwa kwendle yokudla, ukubhukuda, ukuhlafuna i - point ne - supernetic, ukulawulwa kwe-vector (ama-mosquitoe, amakhizane), kanye ne-lead . Amadolobha amaningi aqinisa imithetho yokulungisa izinto edinga izinga elilinganiselwe lokuhlala, njengokusebenza amapayipi, ukushisa okwanele, nophahla oluqinile lwezulu.

Umsindo

Izimiso ze-popowel zilinganisela amazinga omsindo ngezikhathi ezihlukene zosuku nangamathuba emisebenzi ehlukene. Zisho izinga eliphezulu le-decibel, amahora athulile (umz., 10 ntambama kuya ku7 a.m.), futhi zivimbela imithombo ethile yomsindo njengezibhamu zamaqabunga noma umculo okhulisiwe. Ukuphula umthetho kungaphumela ekukhishweni noma ngisho nakumathuluzi aphucwa.

Izimoto Nemithetho Yokuphaka

Ngaphandle kwemithetho yemigwaqo kahulumeni, amadolobha alawula izimoto ezipaka izimoto (izimoto, imingcele yesikhathi, izindlela zokuhamba eqhweni), isilinganiso sejubane emigwaqweni yendawo, emigwaqweni yamabhayisekili, nasendleleni ehamba ngezinyawo. Amanye amadolobha abeka imishini yokuminyana noma imingcele ezimotweni ezimi ngesivinini esimi ngesivinini.

I - Shortter Shel Ne - Ordinances

Inani elandayo lamadolobha lidinga imvume, ukuhlala endaweni elinganiselwe, nokuhlola izakhiwo eziqashiwe ezisendaweni ephakeme njenge Airbnb neVrbo. Imithetho ivame ukulinganisela inani lobusuku bokuqasha unyaka ngamunye, idinga ukuba umnikazi ahlale ezindaweni zokuqasha, noma avimbele ukuqasha izindawo ezithile zokuhlala.

Izimpawu Nemithetho Yokubonisa Ngaphandle

Izimpawu zilawula ubukhulu, ukukhanya, ukubekwa, nokufakwa kwezimpawu zokuvikela intethe nokuphepha kwezimoto. Zisebenza ezimpawini zebhizinisi, ezindwangu zendawo, izimpawu zegceke lezwe, ngisho namabhodi ezindawo ezisemigwaqweni yemigwaqo. Amanye amadolobha avala izimpawu ezithile zezimpawu ngokuphelele (isib., izimpawu ze-LED ezicwebezelayo ezingokomlando).

Imithetho Eshaya Indiva: Isimiso Esijulile

I-Zoning iyisisekelo sokulawula indawo, futhi ithinta abanikazi bezindlu, abaqashi, nabanikazi bebhizinisi ngokufanayo. Ukuqonda isifunda sakho sokuhlela indawo nemithetho yaso kuyisinyathelo sokuqala kunoma isiphi isinqumo esihlobene nempahla.

Indlela Yokuthola Ukuhlelwa Kwakho Kwezingoma

Amadolobha amaningi anyathelisa amabalazwe ahlanganisayo engosini yawo yomnyango wokuhlela. Ungangena ekhelini futhi ngokushesha ubone igama lesigodi (umz. R041, MX.1) kanye nokuhlobanisa umthetho ofana nalo. Uma ibalazwe le-intanethi lingacacile, shayela ucingo umnyango wokuhlela noma uvakashele ihhovisi lawo. Izisebenzi zokulungisa zingajabula ukuchaza ukuthi yini evunyelwe ukuba iphasela elithile.

Ukuqonda Ukusetshenziswa Kwemvume, Okunemibandela Nokungagunyaziwe

Isifunda ngasinye sendawo sinemisebenzi evunyelwe “ngakwesokudla” (evunyiwe ngaphandle kokubukezwa okukhethekile), isetshenziswa edinga imvume yemibandela (CUP) ngemva kokulalela, futhi isebenzise leyo enqatshelwe ngokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhaya elincane lokunakekela lingase libe yimvume yokusetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala kodwa lidinge i-CUP kwezinye. Ukwazi lezigaba kukusiza ukuba ugweme ukuqala ibhizinisi elizovinjelwa idolobha.

Ukuhlukahluka Nezinqumo Zokulungisa

Uma indawo yakho ingavumelani nemfuneko yokulungisa indawo (isinye, isilinganiso sakho sincane kakhulu ukuba ungathola isithiyo esidingekayo), ungafaka isicelo sokuphikisana nenqubo. Inqubo yokuzimela idinga ukubonisa ukuthi ukuphoqelelwa okuqinile kungabangela ubunzima obungadingekile nokuthi ushintsho lungawulimazi umphakathi. Ukulungisa noma ukubuyisela ukushintsha indawo engaphansi kwesakhiwo sakho; lezi izinqubo zomphakathi ezivame ukuhilela imihlangano yomphakathi nezivota zedolobha. Ukubopha ummeli wezwe noma umeluleki wokuhlela kungaba ukuhlakanipha ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukusetshenziswa Okungavumelani Nezindlela

Isakhiwo esakhiwe ngokomthetho ngaphansi kwemithetho yakudala kodwa esingasahambisani nemithetho emisha sibhekwa “njengesingavumelani.” Ngokwesibonelo, isitolo esisekhoneni endaweni yokuhlala eyayikhona ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe indawo singavunyelwa ukuba siqhubeke sisetshenziswa ngokungemthetho, kodwa ukwanda noma ukushintsha kokusetshenziswa kungabekwa imingcele. Ukuqonda imithetho yomkhulu kuvikela amalungelo akho.

Imithetho Yokwakha: Ukuvikela Ukutshala Kwakho Imali

Izimiso zokwakha zikhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwakhiwa kuphephile, kuhlala isikhathi eside, futhi kunamandla angasebenzi kahle. Ukungazinaki kungaholela ekuhlolweni okungaphumeleli, emacaleni, nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuwohloka kokwakha noma umlilo. Ngisho nokulungisa okuncane ngokuvamile kudinga imvume nokuhlolwa.

Inqubo Yemvume

Imisebenzi eminingi yokwakha — kusukela ekuhlanganiseni igumbi lokuqeda isakhiwo esingaphansi kwegumbi − imvume yokuqeda. Lenqubo ihilela ukunikeza amasu, ukukhokha intela, nokuhlela ukuhlola ngezenzakalo eziyinhloko (ukusungulwa, ukuphotha, ukuphotha ngogesi, i-transki jranin, okokugcina). Ukwehluleka ukudonsa imvume kungabangela ukunqanda iziyalezo ezingamashumi amabili nambili zokusebenza, izinhlawulo, nemfuneko yokubhidliza umsebenzi ongagunyaziwe. Njalo hlola ihhovisi lokwakha lakini lakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise noma isiphi isakhiwo.

Izindawo Eziyinhloko Zokubambisana

  • Isisekelo se-Structal. Isisekelo kumelwe sisekele imithwalo yokuklama; i-framing kumele ihlangane namatafula athatha isikhathi eside; uphahla kumelwe luphathe iqhwa nomoya.
  • Ukuphepha komlilo. Izinhlabamkhosi zomsi, imishini yokulawula i-carbon monoxide, imihlangano evalekile, namafasitela angenayo emakamelweni okulala anzima. Amanye amadolobha manje adinga izinqubo zokufafafaza emizini emishayeni emisha.
  • [ Iqophama nemishini. Izindawo zokukhipha, amandla endawo, iHVAC, nokusebenza komshini kumelwe kulandele iNational Geography Code ne-octive code.
  • [[UMTH:0]. Uphayiphi ofaka umbhobho, uphume, uvimbele ukujikeleza kweqophelo, kanye nokufakwa kwamanzi kulawulwa ngokuqinile.
  • Impumelelo engathi sína. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-active, amafasitela, ukuvalwa komoya, ne HVAC manje kuyizakhi eziyinhloko ze-code, ezivame ukulawulwa yi-International Energy Conservation Code (IECC).

Izihibe Ezivamile Okumelwe Zigwenywe

Abanikazi abaningi bamakhaya balulaza ukuthi ukubukeza kuthatha isikhathi eside kangakanani noma bathathe ngokuthi umakhi uzakuthatha konke ukuvunyelwa. Nakuba umakhi ogunyaziwe kufanele athathe imvume, abanikazi banomthwalo wemfanelo ekugcineni. Amanye amaphutha avamile ahlanganisa ukuhluleka ukuthola imvume ezihlukene zomsebenzi kagesi noma wompompi owenziwa abasebenzi abangaphansi komthetho, ukungazinaki imingcele yokuhlala kwesikhashana phakathi nokwakhiwa, futhi bangahleli ukuhlola kokugcina ngokushesha.

Imithombo ewusizo yangaphandle: uMkhandlu we-International Code unikeza ukushintshwa kwekhodi, kanye nohlelo lwe-STY STRAR[ lunikeza isiqondiso sokuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zamandla.

Impilo, Ukuphepha, Nemithetho Yendawo Ezungezile

Izimiso zezempilo zikaMasipala zihlanganisa okungaphezulu kakhulu kokuhlolwa kwezindawo zokudlela. Zilawula nokuhlola izindawo zokuqasha, ukuvikela imisebenzi, ukukhuhlana, nokubulala izingozi. Amadolobha amaningi manje amukela “amakhaya anempilo” imithetho efuna abaninindawo ukuba bathintane nesikhunta, izinambuzane, nezingozi zokuphepha ngaphambi kokuqasha.

Imithetho Yendawo Ezungezile Neyokulondoloza Imvelo

Ngokwandayo, amadolobha adlulisa imithetho yokwakha eluhlaza, imithetho yokuvikela izihlahla, izimfuneko zokulawula amanzi avuthuzayo, nokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki eyodwa. Kubanikazi, lokhu kungasho izingadi zemvula eziyimfuneko lapho kuthathelwa indawo i-tradroad, noma imfuneko yamandla ngaphambi kokuthengisa indlu. Amabhizinisi angabhekana nemithetho yokubuyisela izakhiwo, isilinganiso sokukhipha igesi, noma izimfuneko eziluhlaza zokwakha.

I-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Green Building [ iyisiqalo esihle sokuqonda izilinganiso ezivamile ezizinzileyo ezingase zithathwe yi-decode.

I - Poise Ne - Nuisance Ordinance

Izikhalazo zesikhulumi ziphakathi kwemibango evame kakhulu kwesakhamuzi. Imithetho yomsindo ejwayelekile ichaza amahora athulile (futhi 10 ntambama), inciphise umsindo wokwakha, futhi ibeke amazinga amadecibel aphakeme alinganiswa emigqeni yempahla. Amanye amadolobha alawula amapayipi amaqabunga, izinja, nemisakazo enomsindo. Izikhathi zokuzihambela zisukela ezixwayisweni kuya ekuthengeni, futhi izikhala eziphindayo zingabhekana nezimpahla ezicitshwayo.

Imithetho yokuzimela idlulela ngalé komsindo ihlanganise ukunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu, uhlaza olunezihlahla ezimaxhaphozi, izimoto ezishiyiwe, nezimo ezinukayo noma ezimahle. Lokhu kuphoqelelwa izikhulu ezilawula imithetho elawulayo ezisabelayo ekukhononeni. Ukulungiswa kwempahla kuvimbela ukukhishelwa kwemishwana ebizayo.

Ilayisense Yebhizinisi Nemithetho Yebhizinisi Yasekhaya 76 Esekelwe Kuyimithetho

Ukusebenza noma iliphi ibhizinisi elisedolobheni elilinganiselwe kudinga ilayisense yebhizinisi, futhi amabhizinisi asekhaya anemithetho eyengeziwe. Imithetho evamile ihlanganisa ukulinganisela inani lokuhambela kwamakhasimende ngosuku, ukuvimbela ukugcinwa kwangaphandle, ukuvinjelwa kophawu lokugcinwa kwezindawo ezithile, nokuvinjelwa kohlobo oluthile lokusetshenziswa (umz., ukulungisa izimoto, ukukhiqiza ukudla) ezindaweni zokuhlala. Uma uhlela ukuqhuba ibhizinisi usuka ekhaya, hlola “umthetho wedolobha” kuqala.

Indlela Yokuthola Nokuhumusha Imithetho Yasedolobheni

Imithetho yamadolobha ingaba amakhulu makhasi ubude. Ukuthola lokho okudingayo ngokuphumelelayo:

  • Funa ikhodi likamasipala wedolobha lakho ku-inthanethi (ngokuvamile endaweni enjenge-“douth.gov/code".). Amadolobha amaningi futhi ane-“ama-dinarinal” noma“imibhalo yesandla” ikhasi.
  • Sebenzisa umsebenzi wokufuna ngaphakathi kwekhodi ukuze ufune amagama afana ne- “indawo,”“ ifakthri,” noma “imali yokuqasha isiteshi.”
  • Uma ikhodi engokomthetho kunzima ukusesha, zama izingosi zesithathu njenge i-Municode noma Ikhode Ukunyathelisa[, ephethe izimpawu eziningi zikamasipala efolofini.
  • Abashayeli bangakukhomba engxenyeni efanele bese bechaza ukuthi isebenza kanjani esimweni sakho.

Amaphutha Avamile Nendlela Yokuwagwema

  • Ukuhlela okwakulungile ngaphambili sekulungile manje. Imithetho iyashintsha. Qinisekisa imithetho yamanje ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi noma ibhizinisi. Indawo edinganga imvume eminyakeni emihlanu edlule ingadinga eyodwa manje.
  • Ukunikeza isiqondiso somlomo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi thola izimpendulo ngokubhala --email noma incwadi yokuzinqumela esayiniwe. Iseluleko se-Verbal esivela kumphathi-zincwadi singenqabe uma kuphakama impikiswano.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Imithetho ye-HOA. Uma uhlala ebudlelwaneni basekhaya, izivumelwano zakho zingaba lukhuni kunemithetho yedolobha. Kumelwe uvumelane nazo zombili.
  • Umsebenzi wokuqala ngaphambi kokuba uvumele imvume. Ngisho noma ‘ unolungiso”, thintana nomnyango wokwakha kuqala. Izifunda eziningi zivumela imvume yokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi ephuthumayo.
  • Ukuvuselelwa kwaminyaka yonke. amalayisense ebhizinisi, imvume yokuqasha, kanye nokuqasha okufushane (66) ukubhalisa kudinga ukuvuselelwa kwaminyaka yonke. Beka izikhumbuzo zekhalenda.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekubuseni Kwendawo

Ukuqonda imithetho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala; ukuyilolonga kungokulandelayo. Imikhandlu yamadolobha kanye nokuhlela imishini njalo iphinde iphinde ihambe futhi ibeke izikhalo zomphakathi. Ukuba khona kule mihlangano(noma ngisho nokuyilandela ku-ilayini-nethiwekhi(______) ulindele izinguquko. Khuluma ngezinto ezithinta indawo yakho noma indawo ohlala kuyo; amazwi afingqiwe, asekelwe ekuqulweni kwasobala angathonya ivoti.

Kungathiwa ujoyina inhlangano yomphakathi noma ibhodi lomphakathi. Lamaqembu athola isaziso sasekuqaleni ngoshintsho lwe-oda oluhlongozwayo futhi angakhulisa izwi lakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha amaningi anezikole eziningi” ezifundisa izakhamuzi ngokuhlelwa, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo, nezinqubo zokugcinwa kwemithetho.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zasedolobheni zingazizwa njengendawo eqinile yezikhulu zemisebenzi, kodwa zingamathuluzi futhi agcina imiphakathi ilondekile, ihlelekile, futhi ingathandeka. Ngokufunda ukuthola nokuchaza imithetho elawula ikhaya lakho nebhizinisi, ungagwema ukwephulwa okubizayo, uvikele izimali zakho, futhi ngisho uthonye imithetho yesikhathi esizayo. Qala ngesakhiwo esisodwa noma ukhathazeke ngako, funda umthetho, noma uhlole izimfuneko zemvume zalolocingo ohlelile. Isinyathelo ngasinye esincane sakha ukuqiniseka nekhono, guqula isimiso se-agconetic with sifane ne-agings.