Ithonya likahulumeni kahulumeni emiphakathini yendawo libanzi futhi libanzi kakhulu, lilolonga yonke into kusukela emigwaqweni ohamba kuyo kuya emoyeni ophefumulayo. Nakuba izakhamuzi eziningi zibheka iWashington njengesimiso esikude, izimiso zikahulumeni, izimali ezixhasayo, nezinhlelo zithinta ngokuqondile imisebenzi yansuku zonke yezikole, izibhedlela, iminyango yamaphoyisa, namabhizinisi amancane. Ukuqonda ukuthi lesimiso sisebenza kanjani kukunika amandla okusekela umphakathi wakho, ukufinyelela imithombo ekhona, futhi ubambe izikhulu ezikhethiwe zilandisa. Lesiqondiso esandisiwe sinikeza ukuqonda okuwusizo ngendima kahulumeni womphakathi wakho, nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze uhlanganyele nayo ngokuphumelelayo.

Indlela Imithetho Yezenhlalo Ethonya Ngayo Ukuphila Kwakho Kwansuku Zonke

Izimiso ze-Federal Insport Treaty Fund elawulwa cishe yizo zonke izici zokuphila komphakathi, ngisho noma ungaqapheli ngazo. Amanzi owaphuzayo alawulwa uMthetho we-Desert Meater, ophoqelelwa yi-Nzamlatho-Mgangatho wezokuvikela i-Nzamlamcolo. Imigwaqo emikhulu enihamba ngayo ixhaswe ngefederal Highway Trust Fund, ephethwe yi-U. Iminyango yamaphoyisa yasendaweni yakhona ithola iziphakamiso zemishini nokuqeqeshwa kuMnyango woBululamisi, kuyilapho iminyango yomlilo ivame ukuthembela kuMnyango we-Federal Emeterndal Emetergameter Agency (FEMA) enikeza usizo.

Emfundoni, umthetho kahulumeni uthi zonke izingane zithola imfundo yomphakathi efanelekile ngesihle ngaphansi koMthetho wezemfundo ekhubazekile (IDEA). Isihloko I se-Pretary and Secondary Education Act sinikeza izimali ezikoleni ezinamaphesenti aphezulu abafundi abahlawulwayo abaphansi. Ngisho nohlelo lwesikole lwamadilimu luyisiqalo sikahulumeni esilawulwa uMnyango Wezolimo wase-U. Le zinhlelo azizona izimiso ezingekho ngokobuhlakani; ziyimbangela yokuba ikilasi lengane yakho libe nemithombo yemali, indawo yakishini linendawo engenisa umlilo, futhi abazali bakho abakhulu bayakwazi ukukhokhela izigwebo zezidakamizwa ezigunyaziwe ngeMedicareara are Part D.

Uhulumeni umisa futhi imithetho yamalungelo abantu evikela abantu ekucwaseni ezindlini, emsebenzini, nasezindaweni zomphakathi. I-Fair Howar Act, ephoqelelwa yi-U.S. Department of House and Urban Development (HUD), iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhaya yazo zonke izizinda ingaqasha noma ithenge izindlu ngaphandle kokucwaswa. AmaMelika anemithetho yokukhubazeka agunyaza ukuba izakhiwo zomphakathi, imizila yemigwaqo, nezimiso zokuxhumana zitholakale. Uma ubona umngcele unqanyulwa emgwaqweni wemigwaqo noma emtatsheni wezincwadini wendawo, lowo mthetho kahulumeni usebenza emphakathini wakho.

Ukuqonda Imifula Esekela Imali

Imali enikezwayo iyingxenye yezimiso zendawo ezingenakubalwa, kodwa ukuhamba ngesimiso kungazizwa kukhungathekisa. Izakhiwo kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindlela ezilandelanayo: iziphakamiso zenqubo, iziphakamiso zomsebenzi, iziphakamiso zokwakha, izikweleti zomngcele, kanye nemali eqondile. Imali yokukhokhela i-Fomula inikezwa ngokwendlela ehleliwe yezibalo(amanani abantu, isilinganiso sobumpofu, noma indawo yendawo) futhi ihamba ngqo ukuya kuhulumeni noma ohulumeni bendawo ngokuncintisana okuncane. Iprojekiti inikeza, kwesinye isandla, idinga izimendulo zokufaka iziphano nokuncintisana ngezimali ezilinganiselwe. I-Fomtamssss arective projective projectal provideal providement provideal provingsssssss (Commont Grant Rrants, CD), noma izinkonzo zomphakathi (iediod CDences CDocrant).

Enye yemithombo emikhulu kakhulu yezimali kahulumeni emiphakathini uhlelo lweCDBG, olulawulwa yi-HUD. Imisebenzi enzima ihlanganisa intuthuko yezakhiwo, izakhiwo zomphakathi, izindlu ezithengwayo, nemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa izomnotho. Ngokwemininingwane ye-HUD, ohulumeni bendawo abangaphezu kuka-1 200 bathola izimali zeCDBG unyaka ngamunye, ngokuvamile besebenza nezinhlangano ezingafaki nzuzo ukuze bakhonze izakhamuzi eziphansi nezingenisa imali elinganiselwe. Omunye umthombo onzima yi-Federal Highway Administration’s Surface Transtate Deal Grant Program ephethe izinhlangano zokwakha imigwaqo, ukwakha amabhulohohoho, nokwandisa i-omphakathi.

Izimali zokwelapha zifeza indima ebalulekile. Izikhungo zomphakathi zezempilo, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi amaFederally Admility Center (FQHCs), zithola izimali ezivela kwi-Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA). Lezi zikhungo zinikeza izinkonzo zokunakekela eziyinhloko esikalini semali enyakazayo, zikhonza iziguli eziyizigidi ezingu-30 ngonyaka. Kubantu basemaphandleni, iDepartment of Agriculture (URDA) ikhokha imali emali ekhokhwayo eMarichwebeni enyaka wonke futhi ikhokhela yonke into evela emanzini nasemfuleni wendle kuya ezindaweni ezibanzi. I-USDA Moural Development inikeza ingosi yokuhlola izinhlelo ezikhona.

Ukuze bathole amathuba okuxhasa umphakathi wakho ngemali, inzuzo eyinhloko yiye- abaqambi.gov, lapho kuhlelwe khona zonke iziphakamiso zikahulumeni. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo basebenzisa futhi abahleli abanikeza ababhali noma abahlelayo abahlola lezi zinhlu. Izakhamuzi zingasekela le mizamo ngokuba khona emihlanganweni yemikhandlu yedolobha, ukujoyina ibhodi lokuhlela lendawo, noma ukuzinikela ekomitini yokuhlola.

Izinhlelo Eziyinhloko Zomphakathi Wonke Kufanele Zazi

  • Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) – ukusekela ngokwezimali kwezindlu, izisekelo zezakhiwo, nentuthuko yezomnotho ezindaweni ezikhona eziphansi.
  • Uhlelo lwe-homhome Investivation program – isekela ukwakhiwa kwezindlu okungakholeka kanye nokuvuselelwa.
  • [ Intelligence reconsoles Grants (EG) – izimali zokuvimbela ukungabi namakhaya, imisebenzi yokufihla, nokuphindela ngokushesha.
  • I-Actine Justice Acter Grants (JAG) – inikeza imali yokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho wezwe nomthetho wendawo, izinkantolo, kanye neziluleko.
  • Uhlelo lwe Homeland Security Grant (HSGP) - - - isekela ukulungiselela ubuphekula nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
  • Aid esebenzayo - – ibuyisela izifunda ezilahlekelwa intela yempahla ngenxa yendawo kahulumeni (izindawo zempi, amapaki esizwe, amazwe esizwe).

Ukuhlanganyela Nezinhlelo Zokubambisana Nezomthetho

Isivumelwano sezakhamuzi asipheleli ekuvoteni. Abaholi bomphakathi abaphumelelayo bayakwazi ukuthatha iqhaza enqubweni yokuqondisa, ukufaka izicelo zemali kahulumeni, nezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe. Elinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu inkathi yokukhulumela umphakathi. Uma izinhlangano zikahulumeni zimisa imithetho emisha − njengoshintsho ekutholeni iziqondiso zokunikeza usizo noma izindinganiso zendawo ezungezile. Izintlola nezinhlangano zinganikeza iziphetho.

Ukuhlanganyela emihlanganweni kahulumeni wendawo kungomunye umzila obucayi. Imali yohulumeni eminingi idinga ukuqulwa kwamacala nohlelo lokuhlanganyela komphakathi olubhaliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, abamukela i CDBG kumelwe baqule amacala amabili obala ngaphambi kokuba banikeze icebo labo laminyaka yonke. Izakhamuzi eziya kulemihlangano zingathonya indlela izimali ezibekwa ngayo ngqa ngqa ekulungisweni kwemigwaqo, ngemva kwezinhlelo zesikole, noma imali eboletwayo yezebhizinisi. Ngokufana, iminyango yezempilo yendawo ivame ukukhomba umphakathi lapho ifaka isicelo seminyango evimbela ukuvuselelwa.

Ukwakha ubuhlobo nabameleli bakho abakhethiwe eKhongolo kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Nakuba izisebenzi zaseMzini naseMazini eSigeqeni zingakwazi ukulawula ngokuqondile ukunikeza imiklomelo, zingasiza ekuqondiseni izithiyo ze-bureaucracrate, zikuxhumanise nobudlelwane nezinhlangano, futhi zisekele izinguquko zezimiso. Imiphakathi eminingi iye yazuza “ekuqondiseni” okukhuthaza inhlangano kahulumeni ukuba ihlele umsebenzi othile. Ucingo, i-imeyili ebhalwe kahle, noma umhlangano we-pperson phakathi nenkundla yedolobha kungaveza imiphumela ewusizo.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuqala Ukuhlanganyela Namuhla

  1. isho izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezibaluleke kakhulu ezidingweni zomphakathi wakho (IHUD, IDOT, I-EPA, USDA, HHS, njll.).
  2. Zibophelele ezixwayisini ze-imeyili ezibonelweni.gov ne-Federal Register yamathuba okuxhasa imali nemithetho ehlongozwayo.
  3. Wathatha idolobha lakho noma ibhodi yesifundazwe yemihlangano [ ukuze uqonde izinto eziza kuqala zendawo futhi ubone ukuthi izimali zikahulumeni zixoxwa kanjani.
  4. I-volunteer yesakhamuzi sebhodi ye-'dvisory board'] [1] Ukuhlela okuningi, ukuphepha komphakathi, namabhodi okuthuthukisa umphakathi afuna amalungu.
  5. Bhala incwadi ebhalelwe ilungu lakho le-Congress ukusekela noma ukuphikisa uhlelo oluthile lukahulumeni olunikezayo noma ushintsho lwenkambiso.
  6. Iqoqo elihlangene nomngane ongazuzi nzuzo osenolwazi kakade lokulawula iziphakamiso zikahulumeni.

Ukubaluleka Kokuthweswa Kwezithombe Kwendawo Esimisweni Sezesayensi

E-United States, amandla ahlanganyelwa phakathi kukahulumeni, umbuso, nohulumeni bendawo. Izindawo ezimelelwayo `izindawo zesikole, amakhomishane esifundazwe, nezindawo zedolobha(-schemine) indlela imithombo kahulumeni ehlelwa ngayo nokuthi izinhlelo ziyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zomphakathi. Lezizikhulu ziyibhuloho phakathi kweWashington nendawo yakini. Zinquma ukuthi zingafaka yini isicelo sokufaka i-FEMA eyingozi enikeza, ukuthi zingayisa kanjani izimali ze-ACHERS Act, nokuthi yiziphi izakhiwo zokuhlela izinto ezidingekayo.

Ukukhetha abameleli bendawo abaphumelelayo kudinga ukubheka ngalé kwezimpawu zezindawo. Abathathi-lwazi kufanele baqonde izinqubo zokuxhasa imali ezisekela izinkonzo zendawo futhi bakwazi ukusungula uhlelo olucacile lokusebenzisa izibopho zikahulumeni. Lapho behlola abazobhapathizwa, babuze ngolwazi lwabo ngenkokhelo kahulumeni, ukujwayelana kwabo nohlelo lweCDBG, kanye nokuzimisela kwabo ukubambisana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni nohulumeni. Umbheki wezezimali, babukeze amarekhodi abo okuvota uma beye baba nesikhundla sangaphambili, futhi bafunde ukuphendula kwabo emagumbini ezentengiselwano noma emaqenjini ezakhamuzi.

Enye i-meta evame ukuhlolwa yindima ye-Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOS) ne-Councils of Geodences ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Le mikhandlu ihlela izimali zokuthutha zikahulumeni futhi ithuthukise amasu athatha isikhathi eside. Amalungu ayo amiswa yizikhulu zendawo ezikhethiwe. Izakhamuzi ezifuna ukuthonya ukuthutha noma imisebenzi yemigwaqo kufanele ziqaphele imicimbi emikhulu ye-MPO kanye neziphetho zomphakathi.

Imibuzo Yokubuza Amakhambi Asendaweni Ngesivumelwano Sokushada

  • “ Ukuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kusebenzisa malini noma ukuphatha izimali zikahulumeni?”
  • “ Niyoqiniseka kanjani ukuthi izimali zikahulumeni zisakazwa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke imimandla?”
  • “ Unganikeza isibonelo sesikhathi owasebenza ngokuphumelelayo nenxusa likahulumeni ukuze uxazulule inkinga yendawo?”
  • “ Yiziphi izinyathelo ozozithatha ukuze uthuthukise ukubonakala nokwaziswa komphakathi ekunikezeni izinqumo zikahulumeni?”
  • “ Nizobambisana kanjani namadolobha angomakhelwane noma izigaba zokuncintisana ukuze nithole imali enkulu kahulumeni?”

Izinselele Ezindaweni Ezizungezile Nendlela Yokuzisingatha

Naphezu kwemithombo ekhona, ukungezwani ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kwezimfuneko zikahulumeni namaqiniso endawo. Enye inselele enkulu umthwalo wokuqondisa wokunikeza izicelo nokubika. Amadolobha asemaphandleni amancane noma angasebenzi kakhulu angase antule ubuchwepheshe bokubhala iziphakamiso zokuncintisana noma ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulalela. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwe CDBG lunemininingwane yezinqubo zokubukezwa kwendawo ezungezile, izindinganiso zezisebenzi, kanye nokuhlola okungokwezimali okungaqeda ohulumeni abancane.

Omunye umagazini ukususa izinto eziza kuqala kuhulumeni kuhulumeni ngamunye ukuya kolandelayo. Umphakathi obekwe esimisweni esithile sokuphepha komphakathi ngaphansi komphathi othile ungathola ukuthi uhlelo luncishisiwe noma luvuselelwe ngemva kokhetho. Lokhu kungaqiniseki kwenza kube nzima ukuhlela isikhathi eside. Ukuze banciphise lengozi, abaholi bendawo kufanele bafake imali ephumayo emalini ewumbuso ngemali, imali ekhokhwayo yendawo, kanye nokusekela kosizo lwemali.

Amagebe okuxhumana nawo asaqhubeka. Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlangano ze-Federal zikhipha isiqondiso sesiyamuva noma sehluleka ukuhlanganisa nohulumeni kanye nabantu bendawo, okuholela ekudidekeni ngokusetshenziswa kwemali okufanelekile. Ukusabela okuwumqedazwe kuka-202020 kwembula izikhala eziningi ezinjalo: amadolobha akuthola kunzima ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa imali yokukhokhela usizo, futhi izifunda zesikole zabhekana neziqondiso eziphikisanayo ngokuphathelene nokuvuselelwa kabusha. Ukwakha ubuhlobo obuqinile namahhovisi esifunda esifunda esifundazwe noma amahhovisi e-HUD esifunda se-EPA's qt shobon i-tep.

Okokugcina, izinhlelo zikahulumeni ngezinye izikhathi ziklanywe ngendlela eyodwa elingana nesilinganiso esiphansi engabonisi izidingo zendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, izindlela zokuxhasa imali zingasiza izikhungo zasemadolobheni agcwele kuyilapho zishiya imiphakathi yasemadolobheni asemadolobheni nasemaphandleni isesimweni esigciniwe. Ukusekela iziphakamiso ezithambile kakhulu noma ukulungisa ngezindlela ezisetshenziswa ngabameleli bendawo kanye nama-apter (njengeSizwe SaseCities noma i-U.S. Conference of Mayers) kungasiza ekuhleleni izinhlelo zezwelonke namaqiniso endawo.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Eziphumelelayo Zemikhumbi - mkhathi Eseduze

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zibonisa amandla okubambisana okuphumelelayo. EKnoxville, eTennessee, idolobha lasebenzisa izimali zeCDBG nekhaya ukuze liguqule indawo eyayinezezimboni engcoliswe ibe indawo exubile enezindlu ezibizayo, amapaki, nendawo yokuthengisa. Lo msebenzi wadinga ukuxhumanisa eduze ne-HUD, abahleli bedolobha, nabathuthukisi bezentengiselwano. Umphumela waba yikho ukuthuthukisa okuqinile komphakathi okuthi futhi kusetshenziswe ama-EPA Brownfield anikeza ukuhlanzeka kwendawo ezungezile.

Emaphandleni eMontana, i-dibium yamadolobhana amancane ahambisana ne-USDA Rural Development ukuze ifake i-frugroma ebanzi. Lo msebenzi uhlangene nemali kahulumeni, izimali zikahulumeni, nezakhiwo zendawo. Namuhla, izakhamuzi zaleyo miphakathi ziyakwazi ukufinyelela i-telemedicine, umsebenzi oqhelile, nemfundo ye-webroshane ne-USDA Rural Develolment. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ngisho namadolobha ahlukene ngokwendawo angaphumelela ngokuhlanganisa imithombo yemali nobuchwepheshe bombuso.

Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOID-19, idolobha lase-Austin, eTexas, lasebenzisa izimali zikahulumeni kusuka kuyi CDC ne-HUD ukuze lakhe usizo oluphuthumayo nezinhlelo zokuxosha i-Austin of Innovation. Ihhovisi loMnyango woMnyango wasebenza ngokuqondile nezinhlangano zikahulumeni kanye nenzuzo yendawo yokuthungatha amatheku nokunciphisa ukukhwabanisa. Lobu buhlobo baqinisekisa ukuthi usizo lwafinyelela izakhamuzi ezisengozini kakhulu phakathi namasonto ambalwa, kunokuba kube izinyanga.

Ukusabela enhlekeleleni kungenye indawo lapho ukubambisana kwezindawo kubucayi khona. Ngemva kokuba iSiphepho uHarvey sibhubhise iHouston ngo-2017, idolobha lasebenza ne-FEMA ne-Hud ukuze kusebenze uhlelo lokuthuthukisa inhlekelele eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5. Izikhulu zendawo zezindlu namaqembu omphakathi zasiza ekulawuleni ukuhanjiswa kwezimali, kuyilapho abahloli bamazwe baqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho. Impumelelo kahulumeni ixhomeke ezifundweni ezivamile, ukuqeqeshwa okuhlangene, nemithetho ecacile yokuxhumana.

Lokhu kuhlola kuhlanganyela izithako ezivamile: ukuhola kwendawo okusheshayo, izindlela zokuxhumana ezicacile nohulumeni, nokuzimisela ukuvumelanisa izinhlelo zikahulumeni nezimo zendawo. Izinhlangano zingaphumelela kakhulu ngokwakha ubuhlobo ngaphambi kokuba kugadle inhlekelele, nangokutshala imali ezisebenzini ezinikezelwe.

Isiphetho

Uhulumeni kahulumeni awuwona amandla asebenza emiphakathini ekude. Umngane onikeza imithombo, abeke izindinganiso, futhi abophe imingcele yamalungelo − kodwa ukuphumelela kwawo kuxhomeke ezakhamuzini ezinolwazi nazithembisene. Ngokuqonda indlela izimiso zikahulumeni ezibumba ngayo ukuphila kwansuku zonke, ukuhambisa imifula, ukuhlanganyela ezinqubeni zomphakathi, nokukhetha abameleli bendawo abaphumelelayo, ungaguqula izinhlelo ezikude zaseWashington zibe intuthuko esobala emphakathini. Qala: yiya emhlanganweni wakho olandelayo womkhandlu wedolobha, imvume.gov, noma ubhale incwadi elungu lakho leSishaya-Hulumeni. Zonke izenzo ziqinisa ubuhlobo phakathi komphakathi wakho nesimiso somphakathi esisekelayo.