Isingeniso: IRaje Sabha embonini yezezimali yaseNdiya

IRaje Sabra, noma uMkhandlu wase-Union, uyindlu ephezulu yePhalamende laseNdiya le-bidaya. Nakuba i-Lok Sabhaha ivame ukubhekwa njengomshayeli oyinhloko wemithetho yezezimali, iRajiya Sabba ifeza indima ehlukile nechazwe ngomthetho ekuvumeleni iHlango lweMali nezimali. Lendima, nakuba ilinganiselwe kwezinye izindawo, inzima ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlolisisa, ukumelela izithakazelo zikahulumeni, nokunikeza i-chezukiswa kwezicelo zesikhulu sezezimali. Ukuqonda amandla nemithwalo ye-Rajanya Sabha ezindabeni zezimali kubalulekile ekuqapheleni indwangu egcwele yezentando yentando yeningi neyobukhomputhali yaseNdiya.

Njengoba yakhiwa amalungu akhethwa yimihlangano yezomthetho kahulumeni futhi ambalwa amiswa nguMongameli, iRaje Sabha ihlanganisa uhulumeni. Imisebenzi yayo yokubukeza umthetho wezezimali inezela uhlaka lokuhlola okuhambisana nenani lenombolo yeLok Sabba. I-Union Balting, ehlela inzuzo kahulumeni kanye nezindleko zonyaka wemali, mhlawumbe iyincwadi evelele kakhulu kwezezimali, kodwa iyingxenye yesigaba esikhulu semali eMali Bills neMinicial Bills. I-Rajiya Sabba’s ithonya eliphawulekayo phakathi kwalezi zigaba, umehluko osekelwe eziphakalweni ezithiwe ezithi 109, 109, 110, no-117 woMthetho-sisekelo waseNdiya.

I - Union Union Balvement NeRaje Sabha: Inkululeko Engenagunya Lokugcina

I-Union Ubhati Lwemali inikezwa i-Lok Sabhaha nguNgqongqoshe wezezimali. Nokho, iRaje Sabha ayisona nje isibukeli. Ngemva kokuba kunikezwe uHlanze, iRajiya Sabhaha ixoxa ngesimiso semali nemithetho yokuhlela. Le ngxoxo ivumela amalungu ukuba aphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokusetshenziswa kwemali, iziphakamiso zesifunda, iziphakamiso zentela, nesiqondiso sezomnotho sezwe. Nakuba i-Rajaya Sabhaha Sabhaha ingenakuvota eMbali yeBhawulweni yemali ifuna amandla kuphela ngeLok Sabha. Izingxoxo zingathonya ukucabanga kukahulumeni nokuhola ukuba kwenziwe kabusha ngaphambi kokuvota.

Ingxenye kaRaje Sabra ibaluleke kakhulu ezindabeni ezivelele ezithinta izifundazwe. Njengoba amalungu ayo emelela izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni, aletha imibono yesifunda engashaywa indiva ezimpikiswaneni zeKok Sabhaha ngokwesizwe. Ingxoxo kuyiRajya Sabbaha iphoqelela uhulumeni ukuba athethelele izabelo nezimiso zakhe eziqondene, kuhlanganise nochwepheshe nabameleli bemiyalo ehlukene.

Izincwadi Zezezimali: Umehluko Obucayi

UMthetho-sisekelo uhlukanisa ngokucophelela umthetho wezimali njenge-Money Bills (Article 110) ne-Nafeal Bills (Article 117). Imali eyimali ingumthetho osingatha izindaba ezinjengentela, ukuboleka, ukukhipha imali emalini eSikhwameni se-Indiya esiqinile, kanye nokuwinwa kweNkcitho Yemali. U-Swenyela we-Lok Sabba certet ukuthi isikwele uyiNklbell. Uma nje ikhona, iRajiya Sabba inamandla alinganiselwe kakhulu: ingatusa futhi ibuyisele isikhangiso phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-14. I-Lok Sabba ingasamukela noma yamukele noma yawamukele wonke lawo mabo majelo.

Ngokuphambene, amaBhili eMali yilawo anamalungiselelo athile ahlobene nezindaba zezimali kodwa futhi asebenza nezinye izihloko. I-Didi A Financial Bills (Artle 117 117 (1)) iyizikweleti eziqukethe amalungiselelo ahilela izindleko zeNgxoxowa-mali ehlangene kodwa ezingezona iMali. I-Rejaya Sabhaha inamandla alinganayo; kumelwe idluliswe yizo zombili iziNdlu zemali, futhi uma kwenzeka ukungavumelani, ukuhlalwa kohlanga kungabizwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu: indima ka-Rajya Sabba ayikho phakathi kwemithetho yezezimali.

Ukubusa Kosuku Olungu - 14 Nezici Zako Eziyinkimbinkimbi

Inkathi yezinsuku ezingu-14 yeNdoda Bills iyiwashi lomthetho-sisekelo elilinganisela i-Rajeya Sabba ukuba ibambezele noma ivimbele umthetho onjalo. Uma iRajiya Sabba ihluleka ukubuyisa i-Bill yemali phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-14, lo mthetho uthathwa njengodluliswe yizo zombili iziNdlu zemali ezidluliswe ekuqaleni ngeLokha Sabhaha. Lendlela iqinisekisa ukuthi imali kahulumeni kanye namasuntwembu awenziwa unomphela endlini ephezulu. Nokho, phakathi kwalelofasitela, iRajiya Sabbaha ingahlobisa ukuthi i-andments, i-endroult, iLok Sabba engase yamukele noma inqabe. Lenza ithuba elilinganiselwe kodwa elibalulekile le-Rapya Sabra ukuba ikwazi ukulawula i-sva.

Ngokwesiko, umthetho wezinsuku ezingu-14 usho ukuthi iRaje Sabha kumelwe ibeke kuqala ukuhlolisisa kwayo iMali. Amakomiti ayo, njenge- IKomiti yokukhetha i-Bill yezemali , ngokuvamile isebenza kakhulu phakathi nalenkathi ukuze ilungiselele imibiko. Uhulumeni awunakukwazi ukukushaya indiva ngokuphelele ukutusa kukaRajiya Sabba, njengoba ukulahla kungasho ukuphikisa okukhulu okungaqeda ukuqiniseka komphakathi ngemali.

Ukuhlola Amakomiti Amile

Ngalé kwendlu, iRaje Sabra ifeza indima ebalulekile ngesimiso sekomiti. Amakomiti amile anjengamakomiti ahlola ngokuningiliziwe iziphakamiso zemali ne neKomiti yezemali] ihlanganisa amalungu akhona kuzo zombili izindlu. La makomiti aqhuba ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezicelo zohlelo, izicelo zemali, nezindleko zemali. Imibiko yawo ngokuvamile iqukethe ukusikisela okuqondile kokuthuthukisa impumelelo yemali, ukukhokha, ukukhokha okunga, nokuthuthukisa inzuzo. Uhulumeni uyadingeka ukuba uphendule kulokhu kutusa, okube kuthebe kusetafuze itafula.

Amalungu kaRaje Sabra ahlala esihlalweni amakomiti amaningi, ewafaka ithonya kulokhu okuhleliwe nakujula kokuhlola. Ngokwesibonelo, iKomiti yama-Puric Authority, ehlola imibiko yokuphindwa kwekhampasi noMphicoti Wezigelekeqe (CAG), ibekwa isihlalo ngelungu elivela ekuphikisani futhi ihlanganisa amalungu e-Ragya Sabhaha. Lokhu kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuphatha kwezimali zikahulumeni kubekwa icala, hhayi nje ngeLok Sabhaha kodwa futhi nendlu engaphezulu kakhulu efuna ukugcinwa.

Igunya likaRaje Sabra phezu kwemali: Indima enamandla kakhulu

IMali yezezimali engeyona iMibhoshongo yemali, iRaje Sabra isebenzisa amandla alinganayo. Lezikweletu kumele zidluliswe yizo zombili izindlu ngendlela efanayo. IRajinya Sabbaha ingazilungisa kakhulu, futhi iLok Sabhaha ayinakuzisusa iziphendulo zayo ngaphandle kwemvume kaRajya Sabra’s Sabbaha's. Uma lezi zindlu ezimbili zingavumelani, kudingeka ilungu elihlangeneyo. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi iLok Sabbaha inamalungu angaphezu kwaphindwe kabili, uhulumeni uhlala ngokuhlangene. Noma kunjalo, imfuneko yokuhlala kwe-Rajiya Sabra'sha' ivame ukugunyaza uhulumeni ukuba uxoxe, uhlanganise iziphakamiso, noma ngisho nokuhlehlela izivumelwano.

Izibonelo zeMali zihlanganisa izikweleti ezinjalo ezilungisa izimakethe zezimali, zishintshe indlela yokukhokha intela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene (lapho intela idlula khona encazelweni ye-Money Bill), noma zishintshe imithetho yezinhlangano zezezimali. Kulezi zenzakalo, ukuhlola okuphelele kweRajiya Sabha, ngokuvamile okufundiswa ubuchwepheshe bamalungu ayo [1] Abaningi babo abayizazi zezezomnotho, ngaphambili amabhulayuucrati, nochwepheshe bezezezomthetho bathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lemithetho.

Izincwadi Zezezimali Ezingezona Imali: Lapho uRaje Sabha Ephethe Amandla Alinganayo

I-Diction Bi Financial Bills ngaphansi kweSigaba 117(3) mhlawumbe ibaluleke kakhulu ngokombono kaRaja Sabha. Ziyizindleko ezihlanganisa izindleko kodwa futhi ezinemiphakamo yomthetho jikelele. Kulezi, ukutusa kukaMongameli kwangaphambili kuyadingeka ukuze kuqaliswe, kodwa ngemva kwalokho, badlula enqubeni evamile yemithetho. IRajiya Sabha ingaziyisa izikweleti ezinjalo ngokufanayo, inikeza omunye umthombo wemithetho yezezimali. Lo mbuso wenza iRajiya Sahahaha ukuba ikwazi ukusungula izinguquko zezezimali, iveze izintela ezintsha noma izimali (ngemingcele yomthetho wemithetho yenkolo), futhi ihlele inqubo yokukhokha ngaphandle kokutusa nje.

Umehluko phakathi kweMali Bills neMali iye yaba yindaba yokuphikisana kwezombangazwe. UMthetho-sisekelo awunikezi uhlu oluphelele lwalokho okukha i-Faill yemali, ushiyela ukwahlulela kuSpeaker. Eminyakeni yamuva, ezinye izikweletu ezigunyazwe njengeMali Bills ziye zabekelwa inselele ezinkantolo, nabagxeki bephikisa ngokuthi uhulumeni wafuna ukudlula ukucubungula kweRajiya Sabba. INkantolo Ephakeme ngezikhathi ezithile iye yahlola lezimpikiswano, iqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwendima kaRajiya Sabra eMpawini yomthetho wezezimali othinta izindaba zezemithetho ezingaphezu kwezezimali.

Amasheke nama-fliging: I-Rarya Sabba yendima ka Rajiya

Ukufakwa kweRaje Sabra enqubweni yohlelo lokuhlela imali nasenqubeni yezezimali akuyona ingozi kodwa umklamo wamabomu woMhlangano. Kwakuhloselwe ukunikeza umcabango wesibili ohluzekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zezimali ezithinta sonke isizwe, futhi ikakhulukazi izifundazwe azenzeki ngamandla eLok Sabhaha eningi. Indima kaRajiya Sabra isebenza njengesehlolo sesikhulu futhi inikeze indawo yokushaya isikhulu sesifunda.

Njengoba . B. Ambedkar waphikisana phakathi nezingxoxo zomhlangano weConstituant, iRajiya Sabra yahloselwe ukusebenza njengegumbi lokuvuselela. Ezindabeni zezimali, lokhu kubukezelwa kulinganiselwe ngenxa yemali kodwa iqine kakhulu komunye umthetho wezezimali. Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela sivimbela uhulumeni ekusebenziseni iLok Sabba iningi lakhe ukuba acindezele imibandela enephutha noma ecatshangelwa kabi ngaphandle kwempikiswano eyanele. IRaybya Sabha amandla okubambezela (nginye isikhashana) nokutusa ukuthi uhulumeni kumelwe ulalele kancane kancane imibono ehlukile.

Ukumelelwa Kwamazwe Nezici Zesifunda

Enye yamandla akhethekile kaRaje Sabra i-Formages. Izwe linezimo ezihlukene zezomnotho, izisekelo zemali, nezidingo zemali. Imali esetshenziswa ngokungenakulinganiswa ezuzisa isifunda esisodwa ngezindleko zesinye ingabangela izinxushunxushu zezombangazwe. Le-Rajiya Sabha, enamalungu akhethwe yizishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni, iyi-forum lapho ukungalingani kwezifunda kungaqokonyiswa khona. Ukungalingani kwentela, intengo ekhokhwanywayo, nemali esetshenziswayo ezingeni eliphakathi, konke kuyantenganiswa ngenxa yezithakazelo zikahulumeni. Le kuhlolwa kukahulumeni kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhulumeni ophethe ukukhubazeka kwentela, futhi uthembele ekuthunyeni.

Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nengxoxo ngeMapros and Service Through (GST) imbuyiselo namalungiselelo okuboleka alandelanayo, iRaje Sabha yanikeza izifundazwe indawo yokuqondisa izinkathazo zazo. I-GST Council, ngexa ingekho indikimba, ihlanganisa uRajiya Sabhaha amalungu, nengxoxo yephalamende eRajya Sabra yasiza ekuhleleni inqubo yokukhokha imbuyiselo. Ngaphandle kwalendlu ephezulu, amazwi kahulumeni ayengeke avelele kakhulu engxoxweni yesizwe ye-fiscalism.

Ukuvimbela Imithetho Engalawuleki

Imfuneko yokuba iRaje Sabba idingida izikweletu zezimali − ngisho nemali yamaBhili phakathi nezinsuku eziyi 14", iveza ukulibala okuyimfuneko okungazuzisa izinga lomthetho. Ohulumeni ngokuvamile baletha izikweleti zemali eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesaziso esincane, benethemba lokuzisunduza ngokushesha. IRajiya Sabha ugcizelela okufanelekile, ngezinye izikhathi ngemishini yekomiti, iphoqelela uhulumeni ukuba aphendule imibuzo efuna ukuphenya. Le nqubo ingaveza amaphutha, imiphumela engalindelekile, noma izinhlelo ezingaqondakali kahle.

Isibonelo esiphawulekayo senzeka phakathi nokudlula kwe Aadhaar neMinye imithetho uBill, 2019, eyafakazelwa njengeBhili lemali. Ukuphikiswa kweRajiya Sabha' nokugxekwa kwalandelana kochwepheshe bezomthetho kwaholela engxoxweni ebanzi ngokusetshenziswa kabi kwendlela yemali. Nakuba ekugcineni imvume yadlula, ukuhlola eRajiya Sabba kwadalula okwathi kamuva kwaba ingxenye yenselele yeNkanto ePhakathi yemali. Izenzakalo ezinjalo zibonisa ukuthi ngisho nangemibuso elinganiselwe, iRapya Sabbaha ingathonya umthetho wezombangazwe ne-mthetho wezezimali.

Izenzakalo Eziphawulekayo Zethonya LikaRaje Sabha Ezezimali

Izibonelo eziningi ezingokomlando zibonisa ithonya likaRaje Sabra ekuhleleni imali nezindleko zezimali. Ngo-2017, iRajiya Sabba wenqaba ukunyakaza ukuze abheke iBhili lemali njengeBhili yemali ngemva kokuhamba, iphoqelela uhulumeni ukuba aphinde ahlole izinguquko ezithile. Nakuba uhulumeni ekugcineni wathola indlela, isenzakalo saqokomisa ukungezwani phakathi kwezindlu ezimbili. Muva nje ngo-20, i-Rapya Sabha’s Committee eqinile ngezimali yatusa izinguquko ezibalulekile zeThiko leTax Vivad Vid sukes Bill [[FLT:]], eyamukelwa kakhulu nguhulumeni.

Phakathi nesimiso sokuhlela imali ngo-2021, i-Rajiya Sabha waphikisana ngezingxoxo ze-Appropriation Bill ne-Bill yezezimali egcwele igebe elingavamile, ngenxa yenkinga yezomnotho ebangelwa yilolubhadane. Amalungu aphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokunganele ekusebenziseni imali engokwempilo, imfundo, nentuthuko yasemaphandleni. Nakuba iLok Sabha yazidlulisa ngokushesha izikweletu, izingxoxo zikaRajiya Sabra zaholela kuhulumeni ezithembisa ukulandelela okukhethekile nemisebenzi eyengeziwe ngaphansi kokucindezela. Lezimpikiswano zivame ukuhlanganiswa yize zisetshenziswe ngokunganele, izingxoxo eziqhubekayo zifundisa umphakathi izindaba ezithinta isayensi.

Esinye isenzakalo yi- Laws (Amendance) Bill, 2015, eyandisa ukutshala okuqondile kwezizwe (FDI) isigqoko somshuwalense kusukela ku-26% kuya ku-49%. Lena kwakuyi-Bill yezezimali efuna ukuba kudlule kuzo zombili iziNdlu. I-Rajiya Sabha, lapho i-amension yayingenayo iningi, ngokuphawulekayo yashintsha umthetho ohlanganisa amalungiselelo ekwakheni amabhodini nabebebengamele. Uhulumeni kwadingeka ukuba wamukele izinguquko eziningana ukuze uvike umsuka. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ezindabeni zezimali ezingagunyaziwe, i-Rajaya Shabbahab's ayivumanga.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Kwendlu Engenhla

Indima yeRaje Sabra ekuvumeleni iMali yeHlawulo nezimali kuyingxenye ehlelwe kahle yedemokrati yase-Indiya. Nakuba i-Lok Sabha inegunya phezu kwemali, iRajiya Sabhaha inikeza i-allum ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhloniseni, ekutumeni, ekutumeni, nasekutheni, emacaleni emali, amandla omthetho wemithetho ehlangene. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso somthetho asinqunywa yizibalo zezombangazwe kuphela kodwa sihlolwa ukucushwa okuhlanganisa imibuso, uchwepheshe wesifunda, nombono wesifunda.

Amasheke nezilinganiso ezinikezwa yiRajiya Sabba aziklanyelwe ukuvimbela kodwa ukucwenga. Enkathini yezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimali − kusukela ekuncipheni kwemali kuya emncintiswaneni wentela wembulunga yonke − ikhono lendlu ephezulu lokubuza, ukuhlaziya, nokuthuthukisa umthetho wezimali libaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngemibiko yekomiti, izimpikiswano zasesitezini, noma usongo lokulibala, iRajiya Sabba inezela ekubonakaleni nasekuzilandiseni. Njengoba i-Rajiya Sabha iqhubeka iguqula imithetho yayo yezezimali, iyakuhlala ingumdlali wezekeli wezesikole oqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zezezenzwe kodwa futhi ayifezeki nezobukho.