Table of Contents

Abameli bakhethwa njengezikhulu ezinomthwalo wokusungula imithetho nezimiso ezibusa umphakathi. Bamelela izithakazelo zabantu abakanye nabo futhi benza izinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke, kusukela emfundweni nasempilweni kuya ekuthuthukiseni kwezemfundo nezomnotho. Ukuqonda indlela abashaya imithetho abasebenza ngayo, izinqubo abazenzayo, nezici ezithonya izinqumo zabo zibalulekile kunoma isiphi isakhamuzi esifuna ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele ekubuseni ngentando yeningi.

Indima yomphathi wemithetho idlulela ngalé kokuvota nje ezikweletini. Laba bameleli abakhethiwe basebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwabantu nohulumeni, bahumushela izidingo zomphakathi enqubweni esebenzayo kuyilapho belinganisela inzuzo encintisanayo, ukwethembeka kweqembu, iseluleko sochwepheshe, nokwahlulela kwabo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakhonza eKhomishani yeSishaya-mthetho, noma emikhandlwini yendawo, abameli babhekana nezinselele ezinzima njengoba belawula izwe eliyinkimbinkimbi lokwenza imithetho.

Yini Ngempela Abameli Abayenzayo?

Abameli bafaka izigqoko eziningi ezisesikhundleni sabo esingokomthetho. Imithwalo yabo eyinhloko ukuhlobisa, ukuphikisana, nokuvota umthetho othinta abantu abazosebenza nabo. Nokho, lokhu kumane kumelela ingxenye yemisebenzi yabo. Abameli basebenza nasemakomitini, bakhona emacaleni, bahlangane nabameleli, babhekane nezinkathazo zomphakathi, futhi basebenzele ukusekela ukuxhasa kwezimali emikhankasweni yesifunda.

Kuzo, abameleli bazo, izishaya-mthetho kumelwe bahlale baziwa ngezidingo nezidingo zabantu abakhonzayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuxhumana njalo nabantu abasebenza ehholo ledolobha, amahora amahhovisi, iposi, nezenzakalo zomphakathi.

Umsebenzi wekomiti umelela ingxenye ebalulekile yemithwalo yemfanelo yemithetho. Indlu neSigele zinamakomiti ahlukahlukene akhiwa amalungu oMkhandlu anesithakazelo esikhulu ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene njengezindaba zempilo noma zezizwe. Lamakomiti avumela izishayamthetho ukuba zithuthukise ubuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezithile zemithetho kanye nokwenza ukuhlola okunemininingwane yemithetho ehlongozwayo ngaphambi kokuba ifike egumbini eligcwele ukuze ivote.

Inqubo Yomthetho: Ukusuka Engqondweni Kuya EMthethweni

Ukuqonda ukuthi umthetho uba umthetho kanjani kubalulekile ekuqapheleni inqubo yomthetho eyinkimbinkimbi ngamabomu, eklanywe ngeziteshi eziningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhona nempikiswano.

Indlela Ozalwe Ngayo Amabhola

Imithetho iqala njengemibono. Noma yiliphi ilungu leSishaya-mthetho – elivela eNdlu noma eMzini noma abameleli abanomqondo womthetho lingabhala umthetho. Lemibono ivela kumalungu oMkhandlu ngokwawo noma ezakhamuzini zansuku zonke nakumaqembu amaqembu afuna ukuphatha izikhundla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wena, njengesakhamuzi, ungaba yisici semithetho emisha ngokuletha ukukhathazeka kwakho kummeleli wakho.

Ilungu eliyinhloko leKhongolokazi elisekela lesi sivumelwano libizwa ngokuthi "isigebengu". Amanye amalungu asekela lesi sikweletu abizwa ngokuthi "i-co-sponsors". Inani nokuhlukahluka kwezombangazwe kwamalungu akanye angazisho ukuthi angawusekela kangakanani umthetho njengoba uhamba ngenqubo yomthetho.

Isiqalo Nesabelo

Okokuqala, ummeleli ufaka isikhwama semali. Imali ibe isinikwa ikomiti yokuhlola. Uma isikweli sesethulwe, sabelwa ikomiti enamalungu ayo azakucwaninga, axoxe, futhi enze izinguquko kule komiti. Lesi sabelo sibalulekile ngoba sinquma ukuthi iziphi izishaya-mthetho ezizobheka izicelo okokuqala.

Amabhuloho abalwa ngokulandelana ukuze alandelele le nqubo. Amabhuloho avela eNdlwini yeSigele anezithasiselo eziza phambili kuleyo ndlu yabameleli, futhi amaphepha aphuma endlu anezikhokhi eziza phambili "H.R." lesi simiso sokubala sisiza abashaya umthetho, izisebenzi, nezakhamuzi ukuba zilandele umthetho njengoba uqhubeka.

Ukubukeza Nezindlebe Zekomiti

Isigaba sekomiti silapho umsebenzi omningi womthetho wenzeka khona. Uma isigwebo sisezandleni zekomiti, sihlolwa ngokucophelela futhi wonke uMkhandlu uyakwazi ukudlulisa isikhala sawo. AmaKomiti anamandla aphawulekayo kule nqubo, angaqhubekisela phambili isikweleti, asiqede ngokunamandla, noma asibulale ngokunqaba ukwenqaba ukwenza okuthile.

Ikomiti ingakhetha ngisho nokuba nokuqulwa kwecala ukuze iqonde kangcono okushiwo yilendaba. Ukulalela kuvumela imibono yegatsha eliphethe, ochwepheshe, ezinye izikhulu zomphakathi nabasekeli, kanye nabaphikisi bomthetho ukuba ubhalwe phansi. Lokhu kuqulwa kufeza izinjongo eziningi: bafundisa amalungu amakomiti, badala umlando womphakathi wemibono ehlukile, futhi bavumele abaphethe ukuba baveze izikhundla zabo.

Uma ikomiti ingathathi hlangothi esikweletini, isigwebo sibhekwa njengothi "ukufa". Yingakho izabelo zamakomiti nokwakhiwa kwamakomiti kubaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi imuphi umthetho othuthukisiwe nokuthi imuphi odangala.

Impikiswano Nemisebenzi Yokucula Eyindawo Ezungezile

Uma ikhishwa yikomiti, izimali zifakwa ekhalendeni ukuze zivotelwe, ziphikiswane noma zilungiswe. impikiswano yemithetho elawula iphansi iyahluka kakhulu phakathi kweNdlu yendlu neSigele, ibonisa abalingiswa abahlukene balamagumbi amabili.

Imithetho nemikhuba yendlu ivumela inani elikhulu ukuba lisebenzise umthetho ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithetho yeSigele nezinqubo, kuvumela ukuhlobana ngesenzo esisheshayo, njengoba kunikeza abahlaziyi abathile amandla aphawulekayo. Yingakho iSigele ngokuvamile sichazwa njengendikimba ekhubazekayo, lapho abahlaziyi ngabanye bengaba nethonya elingcono ngezindlela ezifana ne-banbberster.

Uma isamba semali sidlula ngeningi (218 kuya ku-435), izindleko zidlulela eSigeleni. Nokho, lolu hambo lusuke lusekude kakhulu namanje.

Umkhandlu Wesibili

Uma inkantolo idlula kwenye indikimba yoMkhandlu, kuya komunye umzimba ukuba uqhubeke nenqubo efanayo yokucwaninga, ingxoxo, izinguquko, nokuvota.

Uma izindikimba zombili sezivotelwe ukuba zamukele isikhwama semvume, kumelwe zilungise noma ikuphi ukungafani phakathi kwezinguqulo ezimbili. Uma indlu neSigele kudlulisa izinguqulo ezihlukene zomthetho ofanayo, ikomiti yengqungquthela iqala ukuhlangana ukuze ilungise ukungezwani. Le nqubo yokuxoxisana ingaba yinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ekwayaleni okuphikiswanayo.

Isenzo Sobumongameli

Ngemva kwalezi zingosi zombili zeSishaya-mthetho esivumela izinqumo zesivumelwano ezifanayo, kuya kuMongameli ukuze acabangele. Uma uMongameli evumela umthetho, uwuphawula abe ngumthetho. Uma uMongameli engathathi isinyathelo izinsuku eziyishumi lapho uMkhandlu usesiqenjini, lo mthetho uvele ube umthetho.

Uma umongameli ekhetha ukukhipha umthetho, ezimweni eziningi uMkhandlu ungavota ukunqanda lokho futhi umthetho ube umthetho. Uma umongameli enqaba (i-vetoes) umthetho, ungaba umthetho uma izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zeSigele nezimbili zendlu zikhetha ukuvuna le mvume. Nokho, akuvamile ukuba iKhomishane ibe namavoti okuthatha isikhundla sikaMongameli.

Kodwa uma umongameli engasayini esikweletini futhi esaphathwa isigqebhezana lapho uMkhandlu ungasaphathwa, isigwebo sizothathwa ngokwephutha. Lesisenzo sibizwa ngokuthi iveto ekhukhwini, futhi ngeke sigcwale i-Congress.

Izici Ezigunyaza Izinqumo Zomthetho Obonisa Ubuntu

Ukuqonda la mathonya kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ukuthi ukumelela kwazo kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani futhi kubonise izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwenza amazwi azo ezweke.

Imibono Nezidingo Ezibalulekile

Abancintiswe yi-Constituents .55 abantu abahlala esifundeni se-geography (ngoba kuthiwa bayithonya eliyinhloko ezinqumweni zemithetho. Kumelwe bacabangele intando yabantu abasebenza nabo, izidingo zezwe labo, nesifiso seqembu labo. Nokho, ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinto ezikhethwayo ze-athom namavoti emithetho buyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunakuqala.

Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi izishaya-mthetho ziyasabela ekukhetheni okuhlangene, kodwa hhayi njalo ngezindlela ezingase zilindelwe. Amaphesenti angama-65 esikhathi, amavoti emithetho ahlobene nezikhundla zabameleli bazo. Nakuba lokhu kumelela amavoti amaningi, kusho futhi ukuthi amavoti angaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zaleso sikhathi, izishaya-mthetho zivota ngokuphambene nalokho okufunwa yizimo zazo.

Nokho, uma imibono yabo iphikisana nokukhetha kwabameleli babo, ngokwemibono eminingi, abezombangazwe benza ngokwemibono yabaningi amaphesenti angu-29 kuphela angesikhathi. "Ngezinga abashaya izishayamthetho abamelela ngalo umbono weningi,""" lokhu "kuyinxa yokuthi abashaya imithetho bahlanganyela imibono yabameleli babo, hhayi ngenxa yokuthi abashaya imithetho bafuna ukubonisa umbono wabo."

Lokhu kuthola kwembula iqiniso elibalulekile mayelana nokumelelwa: Izishayamthetho zivame ukuvota ngokuvumelana nabantu abakanye nazo hhayi ngoba belalelisisa futhi besabela, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kakade banemibono efanayo. Uma imibono yomuntu siqu yemithetho ingqubuzana nokukhetha okuhlangene, umqondo uvame ukuphumelela.

Isithunywa v. Isibonelo sokuthembana

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bezombangazwe bephikisana ngendlela izishaya - mthetho okufanele zifeze ngayo indima yazo yokumelela.

Ummeleli ombheka njengenkombha ukholelwa ukuthi unikwe amandla okumisa izifiso zabameleli. Izihambeli kumelwe zisebenzise izindlela ezithile ukuze zibone imibono yabameleli bazo bese zivota ngokufanele. Abavunyelwe inkululeko yokusebenzisa ukucabanga nokwahlulela kwabo siqu lapho besebenza njengabameleli eSixhunyeni.

Ngokuphambene, isibonelo esithembekile sisekela ukuthi izishaya - mthetho kufanele zisebenzise ukwahlulela kwazo nobuchwepheshe ukuze zenze izinqumo ezikholelwa ukuthi zizuzisa kakhulu abantu abazozenzayo, ngisho noma lezo zinqumo zingathandwa.

Izikhulu eziningi zemithetho zisebenza phakathi kwalokhu kweqisa okubili, zizama ukulinganisela phakathi kokukhetha okuhlangene nokwahlulela kwazo, iseluleko sochwepheshe, kanye nezinye izinto ezicatshangelwayo. Abameli basebenza njengabathembisi kakhulu. Banikwa amandla ngokhetho oluya esikhundleni ngabameli, kodwa ukuvota kungaba izinga lethonya eliqondile labamele.

Ukuthonywa Neqembu

Iqembu lezombangazwe linethonya elikhulu ekuziphatheni komthetho. Abaholi beqembu banendima ebalulekile ekulolongeni uhlelo lwezishaya - mthetho nasekuthonyeni indlela amalungu avote ngayo. Umholi wemithetho (umzekelo, isikhulumi sendlu noma umongameli weSishayamthetho) unomthwalo wokumisa uhlelo lwemithetho, ukuhlela izikweleti zezenzo zekomiti, ukwenza izabelo zekomiti nokunquma indima nokusebenza kwelungu ngalinye. Ngokufanayo, umbusi unesimiso futhi ungenza kanjalo, ngamandla epeni, uphawu noma ebhaliswe noma ebhalisweni ukuze aqhubekisele phambili leyo mithetho.

Ukwethembeka kweqembu kuvame ukumisa ezinye izici, ikakhulukazi ekwakheni umthetho ophezulu noma ophikisanayo. Abaphathi balwa nokucindezela okuvela kumholi weqembu ukuvota imibandela yeqembu, ikakhulukazi ezikweletini eziye zabekwa kuqala. Lokhu kucindezela kungavela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezabelweni zamakomiti ukusekela usongo lwezinselele eziyinhloko.

Ubufakazi Nokucwaninga Okukhaliphile

Izikhulu zemithetho zithembele kakhulu ebufakazini obungochwepheshe nasekucwaningeni ukuze zazise izinqumo zazo, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zobuchwepheshe noma eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izakhamuzi zingase zintule ukwaziswa okuningi okutholakala kubenzi bemithetho, ikakhulukazi ezikweletini zobuchwepheshe.

Uma abashaya imithetho bekholelwa ukuthi abameleli babo abafundile kahle, cishe bayovota ngokwemibono yabo. Lokhu kubangela ukushuba kwentando yeningi yabameleli: ingabe izishayamthetho kufanele zilandele izintando zomthetho ngisho nalapho zikholelwa ukuthi lezo zintando zazo zisekelwe ekwazisweni okungaphelele noma okunganembile?

Ithonya Lemali

Imiphumela engokwezimali yomthetho imelela ukucatshangelwa okukhulu kwabashaya imithetho. Imiphumela ibonisa ithonya elibi elinethonya elikhulu, elilandelwa ukwethenjwa nezinhlangano. Izisebenzi zezezindaba nezokushaya umthetho zathola incazelo ephansi kakhulu. Lokhu kutholakele kusikisela ukuthi abashaya imithetho baqaphelisisa ukuthi imithetho ehlongozwayo izoyithinta kanjani imithetho kahulumeni kanye nentela.

Amaqembu Ahlekisayo Nesithakazelo

Amaqembu athakazelayo nabafuneli besithakazelo bafeza indima enkulu enqubweni yomthetho, nakuba ithonya labo livame ukungaqondwa. Ezinye izakhamuzi neziqu zakha izinhlangano ukuze zisekele noma ziphikise izindleko. Lezi zinhlangano, ezibizwa nangokuthi amaqembu enzalo, zisebenzela ukufinyelela umgomo othile wezenkambo zomphakathi. Umgomo weqembu lenzalo kungenzeka ukuthi uphakamisa iholo, ukuhlisa izintela, noma ukuhlanza indawo ezungezile. Amaqembu anesithakazelo akhuthaza amalungu ukuba ahlanganyele emisebenzini esekela izikhundla zawo, kuhlanganise nokuthumela izincwadi eziqondisweni zomthetho.

Imali ayiyona eyonakele ngokwemvelo, imele ukulawulwa okuhleliwe kwezithakazelo ezithile noma izimbangela. Izikhulu zikachwepheshe zivame ukunikeza izishayamthetho ukwaziswa okuyigugu nobuchwepheshe ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, ithonya lamaqembu anezithakazelo eziphambili liphakamisa ukukhathazeka okungokomthetho ngokuthi wonke amazwi azwakala ngendlela efanayo yini enqubweni yokushaya umthetho.

Ukucabangela Okukhulu

Isifiso sokukhetha kabusha sithonya ukuziphatha kwemithetho, nakuba mhlawumbe kungenjalo ngezindlela izakhamuzi ezingase zilindele. Uma sibheka amaphesenti angu-35 ezishaya umthetho ezivotela ngokumelene nombono we-accompant, akuwona ngempela amagodi angaphazamisi. Eqinisweni, cishe akukho ukuhlobana phakathi kokuncintisana kweqembu elikhethiwe nokusabela komthetho emphakathini.

Lokhu kuthola inselele yokuhlakanipha okuvamile kokuncintisana ngokuzenzekelayo kuyokwenza izishayamthetho zisabele ngokwengeziwe ezintweni ezithandwa yi-octal. Nokho, ukhetho lufeza okuthile ngezinye izindlela. Izisusa ezinamandla zokhetho lwezigebengu zedolobha ziyizimpawu zokusabela kokukhathazeka kwabantu. Izicelo zikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwekhono lokusabela kokhetho, kuhambisana nezibonelo eziningi zedemokratialism. Imikhosi futhi ibangela imijikelezo esabelayo: ngokukhubazeka kwemizamo yabo njengokhetho, isikisela umzamo owengeziwe wokubonakalisa imfanelo yabo yokufuna ukuvota ngaphambi nje kokuba baqale ukuvota.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingakuthonya Ngayo Umthetho

Naphezu kwezici eziningi ezithonya izinqumo zemithetho, izakhamuzi zinezindlela eziningi zokuzwa amazwi azo nokuthonya inqubo.

Ukukhulumisana Okuqondile Nabameleli

Ukuxhumana ngokuqondile nabamisi - mthetho kusengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuthonya izinqumo zabo.

  • Imisebenzi e-' Written:[ Izinhlamvu nama-imeyili kukuvumela ukuba uchaze ukuma kwakho ngokuningiliziwe futhi unikeze umbhalo wokuxhumana kwakho. Yisho ngokuqondile ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana okhuluma ngalo, chaza ngokucacile ukuma kwakho, futhi uchaze ukuthi indaba ikuthinta kanjani wena siqu.
  • Izingcingo ze-Phone:[ ukubiza ihhovisi lesishayamthetho wakho livumela ukuxhumana okusheshayo. Uma ungakhuluma nezisebenzi kunokuba umenzi wemithetho aqonde, lezi zingcingo zilotshwa futhi zibikwe kummeleli.
  • [ Emihlanganweni e-person:[ Umhlangano ubheke-bheka-kanye nomenzi womthetho wakho noma izisebenzi zabo ungathinta kakhulu. Lemihlangano ivumela ukuxoxisana nethuba lokwakha ubuhlobo obuqhubekayo.
  • Isivumelwano sezezindaba: izishayamthetho eziningi zilondoloza imicimbi yezokuxhumana ekhuthele. Nakuba zingahleliwe kakhulu kunezinye izindlela, izokuxhumana kungaba indlela ephumelelayo yokuhileleka, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezifike ngesikhathi.

Abahlengikazi abahlose ukuthonya isimiso sikahulumeni kufanele bacabangele lokho okukhethwa yimithetho, njengokukhuluma ngokomuntu siqu nabantu abamelwayo nokwamukela ubufakazi obungochwepheshe. Ukuxhumana kungathuthukisa ukusebenzelana nezikhululo, okungase kuthuthukise imiphumela yezimiso. Lesi simiso sisebenza kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ezifuna ukuthonya isimiso [1] Umuntu siqu, ukuxhumana okuqondile kuvame ukuphumelela kakhulu kunokuxhumana okungabalulekile.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekuqulweni Kwabantu

Izindaba zomphakathi zinikeza izakhamuzi amathuba angokomthetho okuveza imibono yazo emthetho ohlongozwayo. Noma isiphi isakhamuzi sinelungelo lokuya emhlanganweni wekomiti engaphansi futhi sikhulume ngomthetho. Lokhu kuthethwa kwamacala kwakha umlando ongokomthetho wokufakwa komphakathi futhi kuvumele izishayamthetho ukuba zilalele ngokuqondile kubantu abazothonywa yimithetho ehlongozwa.

Lapho ufakaza enkantolo yomphakathi, lungiselela amaqiniso akhethekile, izindaba zomuntu siqu, nokutusa okucacile. Abameli nezisebenzi zabo banakekela ubufakazi obubhalwe kahle, obufingqiwe, nobuvumelana nomthetho ocatshangelwayo.

Ukuba Khona Emihlanganweni YamaHholo Omuzi

Imihlangano yasedolobheni inikeza amathuba okuhlangana nezikhulu zemithetho emphakathini.

Ukuze usebenzise imihlangano yasehholo ledolobha, lungiselela imibuzo enengqondo kusengaphambili, lalela abanye abakhona ngenhlonipho, futhi ulandele ngokuxhumana okubhaliwe uma ungalitholi ithuba lokukhuluma noma lokufuna ukuchaza izinto ezikukhathazayo.

Ukusekela Izinhlangano Zobufundisi

Ukuzihlanganisa noma ukusekela izinhlangano zezempango kukwenza ukhululeke ngokuzihlanganisa nabanye abahlanganyela nawe ukukhathazeka kwakho.

Amaqembu ayizigebengu ahlanganyela emisebenzini ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nale:

  • Ukuhlela imikhankaso yokuqoqa izimpande zotshani
  • Ukunikeza ubufakazi obungochwepheshe ekuqulweni kwecala
  • Ukuqhuba ukucwaninga nokunyathelisa imibiko ngezindaba ezingokwesimiso
  • Ukuhlola umthetho nokuqaphelisa amalungu ezenzakalo ezibalulekile
  • Ukuqeqesha izakhamuzi ngezindlela eziphumelelayo zokuqeqesha

Lapho ukhetha ukuthi iziphi izinhlangano ongazisekela, cwaninga ngomlando wazo, ukubonakala kwazo, nokuvumelana nezindinganiso zakho. Izinhlangano eziphumelelayo zokulawula izivumelwano zigcina ukuthembeka kwabashaya imithetho ngokunikeza ukwaziswa okunembile nangokuhlanganyela ekuxoxisaneni okuhle kokholo.

Ukunikela Nokuhlanganyela Ngokuzikhandla

Ukukhetha akunqumi nje ukuthi obani abasebenza njengezazi zezishaya - mthetho, kodwa futhi yiliphi iqembu elilawula izikhungo zomthetho futhi lihlele izinto ezizohlelwa.

Ukuvota okunolwazi kudinga ukucwaninga ezikhundleni zabazovota, amarekhodi okuvota (afuna abamele) nezinto eziza kuqala. Bheka ngalé kokukhuluma ngomkhankaso ukuze uhlole ukuthi abazofuna ukuvota baye benzani ezimweni zangaphambili kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinqubo eziqondile abazisekelayo.

Ukuhlanganyela ezindaweni ezihlukene akugcini ngokuvota okuhlanganisa lokhu:

  • Ukuvolontiya imikhankaso yabazobhapathizwa abanezici ezifanayo nezakho
  • Ukunikela emikhankasweni (ngemingcele engokomthetho)
  • Ukukhuthaza abanye ukuba babhalise futhi bavote
  • Ukuhlanganyela ezimpikiswaneni nasezimpikiswaneni
  • Ukuhlanganyela emizamweni yemfundo yomvoti

Ukwakha Ubuhlobo Ngokuhamba Kwesikhathi

I-athovocora ephumelelayo akuyona inqubo yesikhathi esisodwa kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo yokwakha ubuhlobo. Abameli nezisebenzi zabo bathambekele kakhulu ekuthatheni izinhlangano eziqinile ezihlanganyela ngokungaguquki nangokuhluzekile. Lokhu kusho:

  • Ukulandela ukuxhumana okudlule
  • Abashaya imithetho bayabonga lapho bevota ngezindlela osekela ngazo
  • Ukulondoloza ingxoxo enenhlonipho ngisho nalapho ungavumelani
  • Ukunikeza ukwaziswa nobuchwepheshe obuwusizo lapho kufanelekile
  • Ukuhlanganyela ezindleleni eziningi zokuthembisana umshado

Ukuqonda Ukumelela Imithetho Esebenza

Ukuvumela ukuba kube khona izicelo zabo ngezinye izikhathi eziphikisanayo futhi kubalinganisele nezimfuno zeqembu, amaqembu anamandla enzalo, ukukhathazeka ngemibono, ukukhathalela kwemithetho, izinkolelo zabo siqu, nezwe lilonke kungaba inqubo enzima nekhungathekisayo kubameleli. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kusho ukuthi ukumelela akuvamile ukusebenza njengoba izincwadi zezakhamuzi zingasikisela.

Inselele Yezincwadi Ezihlukahlukene

Izindawo ezihlukene zingase zibe nemibono engafani, ngamunye alindele ukuba abameleli bazo bayicabangele (Inkumbulo ikhona abantu abangaba ngu - 40 000 esifundeni) Lokhu mbono ohlukahlukene ezifundeni kusho ukuthi abashayi - mthetho abanakwanelisa zonke izigaba zawo ezindabeni.

Abaqondisi bemithetho kumelwe benze ukukhetha okunzima ngokuthi yimaphi amazwi ahlangene afuna ukumiswa kuqala nokuthi angabhekana kanjani nokuncintisana. Lokhu kuyinselele ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezihlukanisayo lapho abameleli benemibono enamandla kodwa ephikisanayo.

Igebe Lokwaziswa

Inselele enkulu ekumeleni igebe lokwaziswa phakathi kwabamisi-mthetho nabameleli. Abameli banemvume yokuthola imininingwane efushanisiwe, ubufakazi obungochwepheshe, ukucusumbula, kanye nolunye ulwazi oluntulayo. Lokhu kudala inkinga: ingabe izishayamthetho kufanele zilandele izintando ezingase zisekelwe ekwazisweni okungaphelele, noma zingasebenzisa ukufinyelela kwazo okuphezulu ukuze zenze izinqumo ezikholelwa ukuthi zingcono?

Leligebe lokwaziswa lisebenza nakwenye indlela. Empeleni, umsebenzi wokumelela eSishaya - mthetho ngokuvamile uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi abaholi abakhethiwe abazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi abameleli babo bakuphi. Abameli bangase bathole izimpawu eziphikisanayo mayelana nokukhetha okuhlanganisiwe, noma bangase bezwe ngokuyinhloko kubantu abakhuluma kakhulu kunokuba bathole isampula lombono wesifunda.

Imisindo engokomfanekiso kanye nokuthatha indawo

Akuyona yonke imivoti yomthetho ngokuyinhloko emayelana nokumiswa kwesimiso. Ngezinye izikhathi izishayamthetho zamisa amavoti azi ukuthi ngeke awushintshe umphumela, kodwa zifuna ukuphawula isikhundla sazo kubantu abazimele. Isifiso sokumelela izithakazelo zamaRepublica aphoqelelwe ukuba asebenzise elinye ithuluzi lapho elahlwa, ivoti engokomfanekiso. Phakathi ne- 112th ne-11th Congress, amaRepublicans avotela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi angamashumi ayisithupha ukuba aphinde afinyelele umthetho noma anciphise kakhulu. Baqonda ukuthi lemizamo yayingenathuba elincane lokuwusebenzisa edesiki likamongameli.

La mavoti angokomfanekiso afeza imisebenzi ebalulekile ekubusweni ngentando yeningi okumele, avumela abashaya imithetho ukuba babonise izikhundla zabo nezindinganiso ngisho nalapho bengenakushintsha inqubo.

Indima Yesisebenzi Esingokomthetho

Nakuba izishaya-mthetho ziwumsebenzi womphakathi wokwenza umthetho, izisebenzi zemithetho zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwenqubo. Amalungu abasebenzi aqhuba ukucwaninga, umthetho wokuhlela, ukuxhumana nabameleli, ukuhlanganisa namanye amahhovisi, nokululeka ngezindaba zezimiso.

Ukuqonda indima yezisebenzi kubalulekile ezakhamuzini ezifuna ukuthonya umthetho. Amalungu abasebenzi ngokuvamile angeneka kangcono kunawena ngokwawo futhi angaba abasizi abawusizo ekuthuthukiseni izinkathazo zakho. Uma uthintana nehhovisi lesishayamthetho, uyokwenza izingxoxo namalungu ezisebenzi azokudlulisela umyalezo wakho futhi angakunika ukwaziswa ngesimo sommisi-mthetho.

Ukwakha ubuhlobo nezisebenzi zomthetho kungaba okubaluleke njengokuxhumana nezikhulu zemithetho ngokuqondile. Amalungu asebenzayo aqonda ukukhathazeka kwakho futhi athemba ubuchwepheshe bakho makhulu amathuba okuletha izimpikiswano ekunakekeleni kwesishayamthetho futhi afune ukuhlolelwa kwakho ezindabeni ezihlobene nalokhu.

Imithetho Yasezweni Neyasezindaweni

Nakuba ukunakekela komphakathi kugxile kakhulu eMkhandlwini, izishaya-mthetho zombuso nezendawo zenza izinqumo ezivame ukuba nethonya elisheshayo ekuphileni kwezakhamuzi. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zisingatha izindaba ezinjengezemfundo, isimiso sokunakekela impilo, ukwahlulela kobugebengu, izisekelo zokuhamba, nomthetho wendawo ezungezile.

Inqubo yomthetho ezingeni likahulumeni ngokuvamile ilandela indlela efanayo nenqubo kahulumeni, nakuba inezinguquko ezichanekile kumbuso ngamunye. Amanye amazwe anazishaya-mthetho ezingochwepheshe besikhathi esigcwele ezifana ne-Congress, kanti amanye anezishaya-mthetho zesikhathi esingesibili ezihlanganayo unyaka ngamunye.

Izishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni zivame ukumelela ama - contitution amancane kunamalungu oMkhandlu, okungenza ukuba izakhamuzi zibe ngcono. Lokhu kutholakala kwale mithetho kwakha amathuba okuba izakhamuzi zibe nethonya elinengqondo esimisweni sikahulumeni ngokuthembisana ngokuqondile nabameleli bazo.

Izishaya-mthetho zendawo − izingqungquthela zezikhulu, izikhomishane zesifunda, amabhodi esikole, nezinye izindikimba zenza izinqumo mayelana nezindawo, izintela zendawo, izinkonzo zomphakathi, nentuthuko yomphakathi. Lezi zindikimba ngokuvamile ziyizinga elifinyeleleka kakhulu likahulumeni futhi zinikeza amathuba amahle kakhulu ezakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ekubuseni kwentando yeningi.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Ekwenzeni Isinqumo Somthetho

Izabelo Zamakomiti Nokumiswa Okukhethekile

Izabelo zamakomiti zihlela ithonya eliphawulekayo lemithetho futhi zigxile ezindaweni. Abaphathi abakhonza kumakomiti ahlobene nezithakazelo zesifunda sabo noma ubuchwepheshe babo bangaveza ithonya elingcono ezindaweni ezithile zezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, ummisi-mthetho wesifunda sezolimo okhonza ekomitini yezolimo angasekela ngokuqondile izithakazelo zokulima.

Izikhundla zobuholi bamakomiti − abaholi namalungu aphezulu — ithonya elikhethekile lokuthi izindleko zihamba phambili nokuthi zilungiswa kanjani. Ukuqonda ukuthi iziphi izimemezelo ezinalezi zikhundla kungasiza izakhamuzi ukuba zilwele imizamo yazo yokubusa ngokuphumelelayo.

Indima Yobudala

Umgangatho we-demon(-ukukade kungumenzi wemithetho oye wasebenzisa ithonya labo nokuphumelela. Izishaya-mthetho eziphethe zivame ukuba nezabelo ezifiselekayo zekomiti, ubuhlobo obuqinile nozakwabo, nolwazi olukhudlwana lokuhlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangabekwa kangcono ekuqhubekiseleni phambili imithetho nezinzuzo ezilondekile zezifunda zabo.

Nokho, ukukhula kungadala futhi ukungezwani phakathi kokusabela nokusabela. Abamisi-mthetho abathatha isikhathi eside bangase bangasabeli kahle ekukhathazekeni kwabantu uma bezizwa belondekile, nakuba bengase baphumelele kakhulu ekuqondiseni inqubo yomthetho ukuze bafinyelele imiphumela.

Ibhartishani Nokwakha Isakhiwo Esiboshelwe Kubo

Nakuba ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu okuncintisanayo kuye kwanda emashumini eminyaka amuva, umthetho ophumelelayo ngokuvamile udinga ukubambisana kwe - bipartis, ikakhulukazi kuhulumeni ohlukene.

Izakhamuzi zingakhuthaza ukuphanga ngokusekela abashaya imithetho abasebenza ephasishini nangokuchaza izimpikiswano ngezindlela ezinqoba ukuhlukana okungokobandlululo.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nemithetho Yanamuhla

I - partisan Polaryation

Ukwanda kokuhlukana kwezinhlangano kuye kwenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukubeka umthetho umthetho futhi kwaba nengxenye ekubekeni imingcele ezindabeni eziningi. Abameli babhekana nokucindezela okuvela kubaholi beqembu nakuvoti abayinhloko kokulondoloza ubumsulwa bemibono, okungenza kube yingozi ngokwezombangazwe ukusebenza neqembu eliphikisayo noma ukuthatha izikhundla ezihlukile ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Lokhu kuhlukana akuthinti nje kuphela indlela abashaya imithetho abavota ngayo, kodwa nendlela abaxhumana ngayo nabameleli futhi bahlanganyele ezimpikiswaneni ezingokomthetho.

Ithonya Lemali Kwezombangazwe

Izindleko eziphakeme zemikhankaso yanamuhla zenza izishaya - mthetho zisebenzise isikhathi esiphawulekayo, okungalinganisela ukuba khona kwazo kweminye imisebenzi futhi kungase kubangele izingxabano.

Nakuba imali ithonya ezombangazwe ngokucacile, ubuhlobo buyinkimbinkimbi. Abantu abaningi abanikelayo namaqembu enzalo agcwele inzuzo bayakwazi ukufinyelela kakhulu kubamisi-mthetho, kodwa lokhu akubhekiseli ngokuqondile kumavoti. Abaphathi-mthetho kumelwe banqobe okhethweni, okudinga ukukhanga kwabavoti, hhayi abanikeli nje kuphela.

Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithombo Yezindaba Nokungaqondi

Ukuhlukana kwemithombo yezindaba nokusakazeka kokwaziswa okunganembile kudala inselele kubo bobabili abashaya imithetho kanye nabameleli. Abameli kumelwe balawule indawo lapho abameleli bengase babe nokuqonda okuhlukile kakhulu ngamaqiniso ayisisekelo, okwenza kube nzima ukwakha ukuvumelana. Izakhamuzi zibhekene nenselele yokuthola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngemisebenzi yemithetho nezindaba zezimiso.

Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokuhlanganyela Nezakhamuzi Eziphumelelayo

Ukuze uthuthukise ithonya lakho ezinqumweni zomthetho, cabangela la masu asekelwe kubufakazi:

Yiba Nolwazi Oluqondile

Lapho uxhumana nezikhulu zikahulumeni, ubhekise izikweletu ezithile ngenombolo, usho amaqiniso ahlobene nawo nokwaziswa, futhi uchaze ngokucacile ukuthi le ndaba ikuthinta kanjani wena nomphakathi wakini.

Tshela Indaba Yakho

Chaza indlela imithetho ehlongozwayo engakuthinta ngayo ukuphila kwakho, umkhaya wakho, ibhizinisi lakho noma umphakathi wakho.

Imibono Yama - computer Emisha

Izikhulu zinaka kakhulu amaqembu ahleliwe ezinhlangano kunabantu abahlukene. Sebenzela abanye abakhathalelayo ukuze baveze izwi elihlangene. Ukwakha izakhiwo zokuhlanganisa amaqembu kukuvumela ukuba uhlanganise imithombo yemali nobuchwepheshe.

Phikelela Kodwa Ngenhlonipho

Ukushintsha uhlelo kudinga isikhathi nomzamo oqhubekayo. Ungadumali uma ungaboni imiphumela ngokushesha. Qhubeka uhlanganyela isikhathi eside lapho ulondoloza inhlonipho, ukukhulumisana kochwepheshe ngisho nalapho ungavumelani nezikhundla zommisi wakho wemithetho.

Ukuqaphela Ubunkimbinkimbi

Qaphela ukuthi izimpikiswano eziningi zihilela ukudayisa nokuncintisana kwezindinganiso. Abameli bazisa izinkolo eziqonda lobunkimbinkimbi kunokufuna amakhambi alula ezinkingeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi awunakusekela isikhundla sakho ngokuqinile, kodwa kusho ukuvuma ukukhathazeka okungokomthetho ezinhlangothini eziningi zendaba.

Zilandele Ubonge

Lapho izishaya - mthetho zivota ngezindlela osekela ngazo noma ozenzayo, zazise. ukuzimisela kukhuthaza ukusabela okuqhubekayo. Ngokufanayo, landela ukuxhumana kwangaphambili ukuze ubonise ukuthembisana okuqhubekayo ngezindaba.

Imithombo Yokulandelela Imithetho Nokuhlanganyela Nabemithetho

Imithombo eminingi ingakusiza ukuba uhlale wazi ngemisebenzi yokushaya umthetho futhi uhlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo:

  • .gov: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yokulandela umthetho kahulumeni, ukunikeza umbhalo wesikhwama, isimo, ulwazi lwekomiti, kanye nemibhalo yokuvota
  • Iziphakamiso ze-website zesishaya-mthetho sesifundazwe: Izishaya-mthetho eziningi zikahulumeni zilondoloza amawebhusayithi anokwaziswa okufanayo mayelana nomthetho wesilinganiso sikahulumeni
  • Govtrack: Iwebhusayithi engeyoyahulumeni eqondisa umthetho kahulumeni futhi inikeze amathuluzi okulandela omagazini abaqondile nabamisi-mthetho
  • I-League of Women Voters: Inikeza ukwaziswa okungesiyo ingxenye mayelana nokhetho, abafuna ukubhapathizwa, kanye nezimiso kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni
  • Izinhlangano zezempatho-mandla eziqondile: Izinhlangano ezigxile ezindaweni ezithile zenkambiso ngokuvamile zinikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe nezenzo ezixwayisa umthetho ohlobene

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngendlela yokuhlangana ngokuphumelelayo nabameleli bakho abakhethiwe, vakashela USA.gov's iziqondiso zokuthintana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe.

Ikusasa Lokumelela Imithetho

Njengoba umphakathi ushintsha, ngokufanayo nezimiso zethu zokumelela. Ubuchwepheshe buveza amathuba amasha ezimiso okuxhumana nabameleli bemithetho kanye nezakhamuzi ukuba zihileleke enqubweni yezomthetho. Amahholo angempela edolobha, izicelo ze-intanethi, kanye namasiteji ezokuxhumana anikeza iziteshi ezengeziwe zokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi.

Nokho, lezi zinguquko zobuchwepheshe nazo zidala izinselele. Ijubane lokuxhumana kwanamuhla lingaholela ekuthatheni ijubane kunokuba libangele izinqumo ezilula. Ukuthumela izingcingo zezokushaya umthetho kungaqeda izingcingo zezindaba ngemiyalezo engathinteki muntu siqu nokwaziswa okuqondile okwenza ukuqamba i-odokodela kuphumelele.

Ukubheka phambili, ukuqinisa ukumelelwa kwemithetho kuyodinga imizamo yabo bobabili abashaya imithetho nezakhamuzi. Abameli kumelwe bathole izindlela zokuhileleka ngobuqotho ezingxabanweni ezihlukahlukene lapho belawula izingcindezi eziningi ababhekene nazo. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zizinikele ekuhlanganyeleni ngolwazi, ngokuqhubekayo ezimisweni zentando yeningi.

Isiphetho: Indima Yakho Enqubweni Yokushaya Icala

Abameli benza izinqumo eziningi ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke, kusukela emalini yemfundo yezingane zakho kuya ekulondekeni kwamanzi akho okuphuzayo kuya ezintelani ozikhokhayo. Ukuqonda indlela abazenza ngayo lezi zinqumo, kanye nendlela ongazithonya ngayo ukuze uphumelele ekubeni isakhamuzi.

Inqubo yomthetho iyinkimbinkimbi ngokuklanywa, enezikhompo ezihlolwayo ezihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukucubungula nokuvimbela ukwenza izinqumo ngokuphamazela. Nakuba lobu bunzima bungakhungathekisa, budala amathuba amaningi okuthembisana kwezakhamuzi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nabameleli, ngobufakazi ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi, ngokuhlanganyela ezinhlanganweni zezempatho, noma ngokuvota okwaziyo, unamandla okuhlela imiphumela yemithetho.

Ukuthembisana okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuqonda amaqiniso okumiswa kwesinqumo somthetho. Abameli bamaqembu balinganisela izici eziningi ezincintisanayo: izintando zohlanga, ukwethembeka kweqembu, iseluleko sochwepheshe, iziphazamiso zemali, nokwahlulela kwabo. Basebenza phakathi kwezinhlangano ezilawula lokho okungase kwenzeke futhi zibhekane nezingcindezi ezilawula ukuziphatha kwabo.

Izwi lakho libaluleke kakhulu uma utshelwa, uphikelela, futhi uthatha ingxenye yendlela ebanzi yokuthembisana komphakathi. Ukuxhumana okungako komuntu oyedwa ngezindaba ezikodwa akunathonya elilinganiselwe. Ukuqinisa ukuthembisana, ukwakha ubuhlobo, nokwakha ingxubevange kudala ithonya langempela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukubusa ngentando yeningi akuwona umdlalo oyisibukeli. Ukuma komfanekiso ozokwenziwa kuxhomeke kakhulu ekuthatheni kwakho isinyathelo. Ngokuqonda indlela abashaya imithetho abasebenza ngayo futhi bahileleke ngokuphumelelayo enqubweni yokushaya umthetho, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uhulumeni umelela ngempela izithakazelo nezindinganiso zabantu abakhonzayo.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwabashaya imithetho nabameleli bungavumelana kakhulu. Abameli kudingeka bezwe kubantu abahlangene ukuze baqonde izidingo zabo nezintando zabo. Abasizi badinga izishaya-mthetho ezisabelayo nezizamukelayo. Lobu buhlobo busebenza kangcono kakhulu uma zombili izinhlangothi zihlanganyela okholweni oluhle, ngenhlonipho nokuzinikela okukodwa kokuhle okukodwa.

Njengoba usebenzelana nabashaya imithetho bakho, khumbula ukuthi bangabantu ababhekene nezinqumo ezinzima ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu. Zibonise ngenhlonipho, ngisho nalapho ungavumelani. Banikeze ukwaziswa okuwusizo nokuqonda okuqotho ngendlela izimiso ezithinta ngayo abantu abangokoqobo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nikeza abashaya imithetho isibopho sokulandisa. Qaphela amarekhodi abo okuvota, hamba emahholo abo edolobha, futhi wenze izwi lakho lizwe lapho behluleka ukumelela izithakazelo zakho. Sebenzisa ukhetho lwakho ukuze ukhokhe ukusabela nokujezisa. Ukusekela izinguquko ezenza inqubo yokushaya umthetho icace futhi ifinyeleleke.

Umsebenzi wentando yeningi awupheli. Isizukulwane ngasinye kumelwe sivuselele ukuzimisela kwaso ukuzenzela futhi sithole izindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinhlangano zabameleli zisebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Ngokuqonda indlela abamisi-mthetho abazenza ngayo izinqumo futhi bahlanganyele ngentshiseko enqubweni yokushaya umthetho, unezela kulomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokwakha nokugcina ukubusa kwentando yeningi.

Izindaba zakho ziyasithinta iphimbo. Izinqumo ezizakhela wena ngokwengxenye zilolongwa ngokuthi ukhetha ukuhileleka yini nokuthi ukhetha kanjani. Yenza lesosithembiso sivumelwano sitholakale, siqiniswe futhi siphumelele, futhi uyosiza ekudaleni ukuma okudinga ukubusa ngentando yeningi, okusabelayo, okuyolandisa.

Ukuze uthole isiqondiso esengeziwe mayelana nokuhlanganyela enqubweni yomthetho nokuqonda indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo, hlola imithombo evela ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge- uNgqungquthela yesizwe ye-Legislatures , enikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngezinqubo zemithetho kahulumeni nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yesivumelwano sezakhamuzi.