Abaqondisi Bedolobha Njengezikhungo Zokuvuselela Izindawo Zasedolobheni

Ngaphesheya kwezindawo zanamuhla zasemadolobheni, kuye kwathathwa isibonelo esisha sentuthuko yezomnotho: isifunda sezindawo ezisunguliwe. Le zindawo ezigcwele imishini zihlanganisa izakhiwo ezingokoqobo nezimiso ezibambisanayo, ziletha isiqalo, izinhlangano zokucwaninga, izinhlangano ezisunguliwe, nezinhlangano zomphakathi eziklanywe ngokuhlonzela ukushela ukusungula indalo nemisebenzi yezezentengiselwano. Nakuba kugxilwa kakhulu ezisebenzini zama-ankile nakuzokwakha okukhazimulisayo, abaklami abaklami abakhangi balezizifunda bavame ukuba abaphathi bamadolobha. Labaphathi bomphakathi basebenza ngemuva kwemifanekiso ukuguqula umbono ube yizindawo eziphilile, eziqinile lapho intuthuko ingachuma khona. Imithwalo yabo yokuhlela izinhlelo ezihleliyo, i-okhestraterder, ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo, ukulungiswa kwe-&mdashdall; phakathi kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-operance.

Izifunda ezithuthukisiwe zasedolobheni zimelela ukusuka ngamabomu e-paki yokucwaninga yasemadolobheni. Zihlela indawo ezihambayo, ezixubeneyo ezikhuthaza ukuhlangana kwempova nempova yempova yasedolobheni. Amamenenja amakhulu amisweyo, njengezikhulu eziphethe umsebenzi wemisebenzi kamasipala wezinsuku zonke, asendaweni ekhethekile. Zihlala engqungqukuvaneni yabaholi bezombangazwe, enqubeni yenqubo ye-bureaucratic, inqube yelungu lelungu, kanye nomphakathi odinga i-. Le njongo ibenza bakwazi ukusebenza njengemidathanganiso ye-Diversioners, ukuguqula isithembiso esingabonakali senguquko yezinsuku zonyaka zibe izinhlelo zikakhonkolo, iziqondiso, nenani elisebenza kokubili ekuncintisaseni kwezomnotho.

Indima idinga ukuqonda okuyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela amadolobha asebenza ngayo njengezimiso. Izigodi zokuvuselela azenzeki; zidinga ukungenela ngenhloso ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba, izakhiwo, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhono, nokugeleza kwenhloko- dolobha. Abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe balawule ukushukuma kwesivinini phakathi kwejubane nokuhlongoza, phakathi kwesidingo esiyingozi sabathengisi kanye nokufuna ukulandisa ngenkonzo yomphakathi. Uma kwenziwa kahle, ukuhola kwabo kudala indawo lapho intuthuko ephakeme iqala khona, lapho amayunivesithi andisa khona ukucwaninga kwawo ekusebenzeni kwezentengiselwano, nalapho izakhamuzi zizuza khona ezindleleni ezintsha zemisebenzi nasemadolobheni athuthukile.

Ukuqonda Izigodi Ezivuselelayo Zasemadolobheni: Imisuka Nezimiso Ezisebenzayo

Ukuze umuntu aqonde indima yomphathi wedolobha, kumelwe aqale aqonde ukuthi ziyini izigodi ezithuthukisiwe nokuthi kungani ziye zaba semqoka ezindaweni ezisedolobheni. Umqondo wathola amandla aphawulekayo ngemva kokucwaninga okwakhishwa yi-Brookings Institution ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2010, eyabhala ukushintshwa okungalinganiyo komsebenzi oqalisi. Kunokuba izikhulu ezintsha zezimboni zazihlanganisa amagumbi ehhovisi asemaphethe, izisekeni ezihambayo zasedolobheni. Lezi zifunda izici ezinhlanu ezinhlanu eziyisihlanu ezichazayo: ukuqina nokuhlangana kwemizimba, ingxube yemisebenzi (imercial, indawo yokuhlala, isitolo), izinhlangano zama-ankile, amapulani ezindawo zezokwelapha, isiko lokubambisana, nezokuphatha okwenziwa ngamabomu phakathi kwezindawo zomphakathi nabantu.

Izigodi zokuvuselela izivumelwano zivame ukuwela ezinhlobo ezintathu. Eyokuqala yi-"anchor-plus" ekhombayo, lapho iyunivesithi enkulu noma isibhedlela sokucwaninga sisebenza njengesikhungo sokwehla kweminyulu, i-produsfection iqala futhi ihehehe izimboni ezi-xhumene. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Kendall Square eCambridge, Massachusetts, emelene ne-Cortex umphakathi womphakathi wezinto ezintsha eSt. Louis, i-Washington University kanye nezinye izinhlangano zokucwaninga. Uhlobo lwesibili uhlobo yi-"rebaneze" isifunda sezenkabani yeze, esihlanganisa izindawo ezingoko ezezemizi noma indawo yokugcina impahla ezindaweni ezintsha, ngokuvamile ngokutshala izimali ezinkulu ezisezimbonini nasezindaweni zomphakathi. I-Boston'sportportercerces@emplpt iyi-ediumgame "izesayensi yesithathu, i-edeculbacul", i-edebhubhubhubhu yokucwaninga, i-olimi yezwe-olimi elivamile,

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni, izigodi ezisha zisebenza ngezimiso ezifanayo. Zifaka phambili "impumelelo" — izici zomklamo ongokoqobo ezandisa ukuhlangana ngenhlanhla phakathi kwabantu abanolwazi oluhlukile. Abenzi izinhlelo, izenzakalo, amashabhu, namanxuwa ezokuxhumana akha inhloko- dolobha. Bagcizelela futhi ukugcwala, befuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zendawo namabhizinisi amancane azuza emsebenzini wezomnotho osungulwe. Abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe bafake lezi zimiso zokuqondisa izifunda eziphumelelayo emiphakathini yabo.

Ukuhlela Okuhlelekile Nokwakhiwa Kwesimiso

Ingxenye enkulu yomphathi wedolobha eyisisekelo sezifunda ezintsha isekelwe ekuhleleni okuhleliwe nasekuthuthukiseni kwezimiso. Lo msebenzi uqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba inhlabathi iphulwe noma abaqali baqashwe. Kuhilela ukuhlaziya impahla yedolobha esekhona, ukuncintisana, nokuzimisele kokungenela kwesifunda. Amamenenja edolobha ahlola ukusungula, ukuqhuba abasunguli bezinto zokusungula, nokuhlola izindawo ezingase zimelane nezimiso zokuxhumana, ukusondela ezikongweni zama-ankile, kanye nokutholakala kwamaphasela okuthuthukisa intuthuko. Bamelwe futhi bahlele umqondo wesifunda sesifunda ngokuhlela icebo elibanzi lezentuthuko, icebo lezentengiselwano, nokuhlola amandla ezomnotho.

Ukulungisa ibala nezindawo kumelela enye yezixhakathi ezinamandla kakhulu ezikhona. Izinga elivamile lokuhlanganisa ama-egreens lisebenzisa, ukunqanda ukuxubana kwesikhala sokucwaninga, amahhovisi, isitolo, nezindlu ezidingwa yizindawo zokuhlola izakhiwo. Amamenenja amadolobha asebenza ngokuhlela iminyango ehlanganisa izigodi noma ukwakha imithetho esekelwe evumela ukuvuleka kwemidanti, ukukhula okukhulu. Angase akhuthaze izimfuneko zokupaka ezinciphileni, noma anciphise ukuvuselelwa kwemisebenzi phakathi kwemingcele yesifunda. Lokhu kulungisa kokubekwa kabusha kunciphisa ukukhubazeka kwemidanti yezindawo zabathuthukisi nabaqashi, ukuguqula ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kusuka ekuhleleni okungokoqobo.

Izisusa zentela namathuluzi emali ziwumunye umbuso obucayi. Amamenenja asemadolobheni asiza ekuklameni izisusa ezikhanga abaqashi bama-hange namakhaza awedwa. Imishini ihlanganisa ukukhokha intela (ITB), ukukhokha impahla, izikhokhelo zempahla, izikhokhelo zezemisebenzi. Inselele isekuqinisekiseni ukuthi inzuzo yomphakathi ikhona ekuthengeni imali. Omamenenja bedolo kumelwe baxoxe ngamalungiselelo okusebenza, njengezisulu zemisebenzi, izimfuneko zokuqasha zendawo, noma izibopho zezelo zezentengiselwano zempahla ezibizayo. Bengamele futhi ukuhlola okubonisa ukuthi intela ehlobene nentela yomphakathi ekugcineni iyakunciphisa kanjani izindleko zomphakathi.

Ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yezemisebenzi kumelela isilinganiso sesithathu se-quartificity. Izifunda-zimo zidinga ukufakwa okuphezulu okungathembekile, ukuthuthukisa amandla kagesi emishini yokucwaninga, nokuxhumana kokuxhumanisa isifunda nezimakethe zemisebenzi yesifunda. Abaphathi bedolobha baxhumanisa imisebenzi yomphakathi, izinto zokuhamba, neminyango yezezinkonzo zokuhlela lentuthuko. Bangalawula futhi izinqubo zokuhlela izimali eziyinhloko ezihlela ukuthuthukisa imigwaqo, imigwaqo, imizila yomphakathi, ibhayisekile, nezinye izindawo zokutshala izimali ezenza izifunda zibe zikhanga izisebenzi zolwazi nezokusebenza. Iqophelo lemisebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu i-— ukutshala izimali nezingozi zemali ezingokomdlayo, kuyilapho kamuva kuboniswa ukukhokhwazwa kwemali.

Ukuthuthukisa Ubuhlobo Nobubusi Obunemicikilisho

Izifunda ezivuselelayo zichuma ngokubambisana. Akukho muntu oyedwa onemali, ubuchwepheshe, noma igunya lokwakha isifunda esiphumelelayo kuphela. Amamenenja amadolobha asebenza njengezindawo zokuhlanganisa amayunivesithi, izibhedlela, abathuthukisi, abakhi, abaqhubi bezakhiwo, izinhlangano zezentuthuko zezisebenzi, namaqembu omphakathi asebenza ngokubambisana. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuthatha uhlobo lwenhlangano ethuthukisa impumelelo engakhiqizi inzuzo, noma ubuhlobo bomphakathi obulawula imisebenzi yesifunda, ukuthengisa, nezinhlelo. Umphathi wedolobha uhlala ebhodini noma kumanxusa ahleli, eqinisekisa ukuthi isithakazelo somphakathi sisemkhandlwini ukuze kwenziwe isinqumo.

Inqubo yokwakha idinga amakhono ayinkimbinkimbi okuhlanganisa. Abaphathi bamadolobha kumelwe basebenzise izinto eziza kuqala: amayunivesithi angahlela ukubambisana kokucwaninga nokubuya kwezakhiwo, abathuthukisi bagxile emazingeni okuqashwa kanye namanani empahla, kuyilapho izinhlangano zomphakathi zifuna ukuqashwa kwendawo kanye nendawo ekwaziyo yamabhizinisi amancane. Ukusungula ukuthembana phakathi kwalamaqembu kuthatha isikhathi nokuxhumana okungaguquguquki. Abaphathi bedolobha bafaka imihlangano egcina izakhiwo, badala amakomiti okuhlola izakhiwo, futhi bathuthukise imitayela enikeza bonke abantu ukubonakala ekusebenzeni kwesifunda. Bafuna ukuphikisana futhi lapho kuvela, kungaba ukukhula, ukuhlasela kweminyango, noma ukwabiwa kwemithombo yezemisebenzi efana nesemkhathini.

Amaqembu anezinkokhiso afanelwe ukunakwa ngokukhethekile. Amayunivesithi e-Anchor ayizindawo ezinkulu kakhulu, abaqashi, kanye nempahla yemishini emidala ezifundeni ezintsha. Amamenenja edolobha asebenza ngokuseduze nomholi waseyunivesithi ukuhlela amasu okwanda kwezakhiwo ngemigomo yedolobha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhokhela izintela (i-PLT) noma ukuzuza umphakathi okuqinisekisa amayunivesithi anikela ezinkonzweni zikamasipala nasezithuthukisini zendawo. Izikhulu zedolobha zikhuthaza ukuxhumana kobuchwepheshe, zisiza futhi ukuhwebelana ngemishini yezentengiselwano ngokuxhumanisa abasunguli bemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yamadolobha nezindawo zomphakathi. Amanye amadolobha asungula ukuhlanganisa izikhungozo zobudlelwane noma izinhlelo ezisebenzayo phakathi kwemingcele yesigodi, ngokusekela i-inhlanganisene yemisebenzi ye-masterne nempahla yaseyunivesithi.

i-Private captions idlulela ngalé kwabakhi bezakhiwo. Amamenenja edolobha ahlakulela ubuhlobo nezikhulu zenkampani, asebenzela izikhulu, asungule ababambi benhloko- dolobha, nabaqali abaqali. Bayaqonda ukuthi izinkampani zikhetha izindawo ezisekelwe ekutholakaleni kwamathalentale, izinga lokuphila, kanye nobunzima bezinto eziphilayo, hhayi nje iziphakamiso. Ukuqeda lokho, amamenenja edolobha asekela izinhlelo eziqinisa imishini yekhono lesifunda: imishini yokumisa amakamu, i-internstratep, izinkonzo ezifanayo, nezifundo zezempatho. Baqinisekisa futhi ukuthi ukuvumela, ukuvala, nokulungisa inqubo yezokuphatha, hhayi nje ezinkampanini zokuqala. Ukuvula izakhiwo zesifunda emasontweni amaningi kunasemasontweni amaningi kunasezindaweni ezikhona.

Izinhlangano zomphakathi ziqinisekisa ukuthi izigodi ezintsha azizona zodwa ezinelungelo. Abaphathi bezigodlo bahlanganisa izinkampani zomphakathi, amabhodi okuthuthukisa izisebenzi, namabhizinisi amancane ekuhlelweni kwesifunda. Basekela amalungiselelo okuhlanganisa adinga izindlu ezithengwayo phakathi noma eduze kwesifunda. Basekela futhi izinhlelo zokusekela izinhlelo zohwebo ezihloselwe abesifazane nabantu abanemibala ehlukahlukene, beqaphela ukuthi amaqembu asungula izinhlangano eziqinile neziqinile. Izikhulu zedolobha ezikhomba amapulani afaka izimali emphakathini zibalulekile; izakhamuzi ezingathemba uhulumeni kamasipala ziyomelana nokwanda kwezindawo ngaphandle kokuba zibone izinzuzo ezingokoqobo zokuthola umsebenzi, ukufinyelela, ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi engcono, noma amathuba okuthola imali ezindawo zendawo.

Ukusebenzisa Imishini Nokuthutha Imithombo Yengcebo

Izindawo zokuvuselela izakhiwo zidinga imali eningi yokutshala indawo, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, intuthuko, nokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Amakhemisi asedolobheni kumelwe ahlanganise ingxubevange eyinkimbinkimbi yemithombo yezimali, ngayinye enezimfuneko ezihlukene nezingalawuleki. Imithombo yomphakathi ihlanganisa iminikelo yombuso (i-Economic Development Administration, i-Promportation and Urban Development), izimali zezomnotho zokuthuthukisa isakhiwo, kanye nezibopho zemali ezibophayo ezibophayo. Imithombo yezentengiselwano engokwezentengiselwano ebhange ebhange ebhayisekile ihlanganisa ukuboleka kwemali yemali, ukutshala izimali eziseholweni noma ukusungulwa kwezindawo ezisemuva. Inhloko yenkampatho yezakhiwo zesakhiwo esiphezulu esiphezulu esivela ezisezingeni esisekelwe ezisekelwe ezisekelwe ezisekelweni. I-Filantichric.

Abaphathi bemizi baletha ukujezisa nokuziphendulela kule nkinga engokwezimali. Bahlola amaphutha amade ahlobene nezimali ezikweletwayo, izisusa zesakhiwo ukuze banciphise izingozi zemali, futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi izindleko zesifunda ezihlobene nemali zibonakala kuziphathimandla ezikhethiwe nakumphakathi. Futhi bahlola ukusebenza kwenani lesifunda ngesikhathi, ukulandelela intela yempahla, isizukulwane esikhokhela ukukhokha intela, nokusungulwa komsebenzi ngokumelene nezikweletulo. Uma amasifunda singaphansi kwemisebenzi, abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe benze izinqumo ezinzima mayelana nemithombo yangempela yemali noma ukuhlelwa kabusha kwamalungiselelo okulawula. Lobuphathi bunye bezici ezinzima kakhulu zendima, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuntengo kwezomnotho lapho intengo yentengo ehla.

Imali enika izimali i-Tax Ilanabon. I-TIF ithatha ukukhula kwentela yempahla ekhiqizwa ngokuthuthuka okusha esifundeni esimisiwe futhi inikezela leyomali ukuze ithuthukise izakhiwo zomphakathi phakathi kwaleso sifunda. Abaphathi bedolobha baqondisa ukusungulwa kwezindawo ze-TIFG, kuhlanganise nokumiswa kwenani lempahla yesakhiwo, ukukhuliswa kwenani lempahla, nokukhuliswa kwezibopho ezihambisana nenani elizayo. Nakuba i-TIFU iyithuluzi elinamandla, ithwala izingozi: uma intuthuko ngaphansi kwemisebenzi, ukwanda kungafinyeza iziteji, kushiye idolobha elinezibophopho zezikwele zenkonzo zomphakathi. Izikhulu zedolobha zifaka lengozi ngokulungisa i-ST, iqinisekisa, futhi zigcina izimali zemali.

Ngaphandle kwemali enikezwayo, abaphathi bedolobha bakhuluma ngezimali ezisetshenziswayo zezinhlangano zezifunda. Lezi zinhlangano zidinga izisebenzi zokuthengisa, ukuhlela izenzakalo, izinkonzo zezemisebenzi, nokulungisa izindawo zomphakathi. Imithombo yokuxhasa ihlanganisa izigodi zokuhlola (lapho abanikazi bempahla bekhokha khona i-levy ekhethekile), izimali zenkonzo, izimali zokuxhasa izimali, neminikelo yaminyaka yonke evela ezikhungweni zama-hange. Abaphathi bedolo bahlola ngokucophelela, beqinisekisa ukuthi abaqondisi besifunda banemithombo eyanele yokunikeza izinkonzo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuyilapho besamukela isibopho sokwengamele umphakathi. Babuye bavumela ukuvumelana nezivumelwano, izivumelwano zezifunda nezidingo zazo zivumela ukuba zilungiseke.

Izinselele Nokusabela Komphathi Wedolobha

Naphezu kwekhono labo, ama-odol aqalayo abhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu, futhi abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe bakulungele ukubhekana nazo ngokuqondile. Enye yezinselele eziphikelelayo yiye ethanda ukukhokha amaphutha . Izimali zikaMasipala zincishiswa ngokunciphisana kwezidingo zomphakathi, imfundo, izinkonzo zezempilo, kanye nokulondolozwa kwezakhiwo. Imali ebhaliswayo yesifunda ingaba yizekelele ngokwezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi uma izinzuzo zezomnotho zingaqinisekile noma zithatha kancane. Izikhulu zedolobha zisabela ngokwakha ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi izinhlelo zezomnotho zibuya emadolobheni, kuhlanganise nezifundo ezivela emadolobheni afanayo nasemasimini avamile. Zisekela futhi imithombo yezentengo yemali ezomnotho encikelweni eyodwa nesemseleni yemali ephawulwe.

i-Bureaucare interia iphakamisa enye inselele. UMasipala ukuvumela, ukuhlola, nokuvuma kwaklanyelwa ukuthuthukisa, hhayi ukukhula ngokushesha, ukukhula okungokwentuthuko yesifunda. Ukuqala okudinga ukuguqula indawo yokucwaninga noma ukwengeza izihlalo zangaphandle zethena lokudla kungaphazamiseka ngezinqubo ezithatha izinyanga. Abaphathi bomuzi balenza lendlela yokubukeza ngokususa izindlela zemisebenzi emisha, ngokuvamile nge "conerge" ekuhleleni noma ekuthuthukiseni kwezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano. Futhi basekela inqubo yokulungisa isitolo, njengakuyi-ilayini yokuvumela amatheku, ukuzuza izinhlelo eziningi zesifunda.

i-active kanye nokufakwa kumelela inselele enkulu eye yabonakala iphuthuma eminyakeni yamuva. Izifunda zezokuvuselela ziye zagxekwa ngokushayela i-trantriation, ukususa izakhamuzi ezihlala isikhathi eside, nokugxilisa ingcebo phakathi kwabasanda kufunda kakhulu. Amamenenja edolobha kumelwe abhekane nalezizinto ezikhathazayo ngekhanda-kanye. Asebenzisa amasu amelene nokuvimbela ukuhlazeka ahlanganisa izakhiwo ezihlanganisa ukukhokha izakhiwo ezihlanganisa indawo yokuhlala, izwe elikhonzile, futhi okokuqala ukukhokha ngokufanele abaqashi babhekene nayo. Axoxa ngezivumelwano zomphakathi ezidinga abathuthukisi abakwazi ukuxhasa izindlu ezingabizi, ukuqeqeshelwa emsebenzini, nokuqashwa kwendawo. Aqinisekisa futhi ukuthi izakhiwo zesifunda sihlanganisa ukukhokha izakhiwo eziwusizo ezivela ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo zonke kanye nasezimbonini. Isikhulu sedolobha asiyona isibopho sokuziphatha esisebenzayo kuphela; izivumelwano sezezezezeze zezezwe futhi sisekela izinhlangano zezezezwe eziwusizo zezenhlalo ezisebenzelayo ezinde.

Imiphumela enikeza amandla iyinselele yesine. Izifunda-mfunda ziveza imiphumela engokoqobo yombili (imisebenzi ekhiqizwayo, imvume ebekwe, inhloko- dolobha ephakeme) nezinzuzo ezingenakulungiseka (ukuthuthukisa, ukuthuthukisa kwezokusebenza kwezokusebenza). Amamenenja omzi adinga imikhawulo eveza inzuzo yokukhetha izikhulu nomphakathi. Asebenza nabacwaningi nabacwaningi bemininingwane yemininingwane yokuveza izimpawu ezilinganiselwe zendlela zezentengiselwano, ezezenhlalo, nezemizimba. Futhi ayanxusa ukuba kuhlolwe ukuthi izifunda zihlangane yini futhi zikhombe izindawo ezibonisa ukuthi zikhona yini ekulungiseni izinhlelo. Ukubika ngokucacile ngemiphumela, kuhlanganise nokuqaphela okungathembekile, ukukholeka, ukukholeka okunye ukukholeka, nokukholeka kobufakazi obusekelwe ekwakheni.

Ukuhlola Icala Kumphathi Wedolobha

Nakuba isifunda ngasinye sinezici ezihlukile, izindlela ezivamile zivela endleleni amamenenja amadolobha aye aphumelela ngayo. ERaleigh, eNyakatho Carolina, amamenenja amadolobha afeza indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni i-Innovation District phakathi nendawo ephakathi nendawo. Bahlanganisa ushintsho ngokusetshenziswa kwemithetho esekelwe ekwazisweni eyavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ze-octive Union portmove. Babuye bahlela ubuhlobo bomphakathi obuzimele obabulawula izinhlelo zesifunda nokukhangisa, beqinisekisa ukuthi isifunda sisaqhubeka sisebenza futhi sibonakala ngisho nanjengoba izakhiwo ngazinye zaze zingene ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Umphumela waba yindawo eyakhanga abaqashi abaphambili kwezobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi benolwazi oluphambili lwezimo mgwaqo.

EChattanooga, eTennessee, amamenenja edolobha asebenzisa imishini yokuhlola enziwe obala i-fiber yedolobha njengesisekelo sesifunda sesifunda sezindawo ezithuthukisiwe. Bamisa indawo eyi- 140 eyisikhala esine-acreens ukuze bahloselwe ukutshala izimali ezihlangeneyo, izithuba ezihlangeneyo, nezinhlelo zokusekela ibhizinisi ledolobha. Ihhovisi lomphathi wedolobha elihlangene neminyango ukuze akhiphe izimvume zezobuchwepheshe zamabhizinisi anezimo zobuchwepheshe futhi asekele ukusungulwa kwenkampani yeLab, inkinobho yokuqala eyaba yimboni yesizwe. Isifunda siye sasungula amakhulukhulu ezinhlangano ezintsha nezinkulungwane zemisebenzi, kuyilapho ukutshala i-fiber comsss is com com sercement irvectory serce irtechnentrator yezokuxhumana nohlelo lomphakathi.

Isifunda saseBarcelona 22@ isifunda sinikeza isibonelo sezizwe zonke sokuhola kwesikhulu sedolobha ngokwesilinganiso. Uhulumeni kamasipala waphinde wahlela indawo eyayinezezimboni ukuze ivumele ukuthuthukiswa okuvumelanayo, okuxubeneyo, nemfuneko yokuba amaphesenti angu-20 esakhiwo esiphansi agcinelwe indawo yokuhlala, izindawo eziluhlaza, noma izakhiwo zomphakathi. Ihhovisi lomphathi wedolobha lihlela izisekelo ezihlelelwe izakhiwo zezemfundo ezazenza isakhiwo sibe ngcono, kuhlanganise nendawo ephansi yokuthunyelwa kwenye indawo, ukufakwa kwenqanawa ebanzi, nentuthuko yendawo yomphakathi. Bamisa futhi isikhungo sokuphatha esinikeza ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo, ukuthengisa, nezinkonzo zezentengiselwano. Namuhla, 22@ inye yezigodi eziphumelela kakhulu zaseYurophu, ithumela izinkulungwane zezinkampani futhi isebenza njengesibonelo sezindawo zomhlaba jikelele.

Ukwakha Ikusasa: Amakhono Namakhono Okuphumelela

Njengoba izifunda ezithuthukisiwe zishintsha, izidingo zezikhulu zamadolobha ziya zikhula ngokuyinkimbinkimbi. Abaphathi bamadolobha abaphumelelayo kulendawo bahlakulela i-mathiriyeli ethile. Bahlanganisa ukubona okusebenza ngokunempumelelo, ukuqonda kokubili ukuguqula okukhulu kwezomnotho kanye nemininingwane yokuhlanganisa ulimi olubhalwe ngemithetho ye-okheji noma izakhiwo zezimali ezihlangene. Basebenzisa izikhulu zezombangazwe ngaphandle kokuba abe abengobezombangazwe, balondoloze ubuhlobo obuphumelelayo nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, abaholi bebhizinisi, kanye nomphakathi abasekela ukungathathi kwabo okungokolwazi. Baxhumana ngokuphumelelayo nezilaleli ezihlukahlukene, bahumushela imiqondo yezobuchwepheshe yobuchwepheshe ngolimi olungenekayo lwemihlangano yomphakathi futhi bamelele izindaba zesifunda nabezokukhangisa.

Abaphathi bedolobha futhi badinga ukuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa kwenhlangano phakathi kwamaqembu abo. Bafaka izimali ekuqeqesheni izisebenzi ukuthuthukisa izomnotho, izimali, kanye nezimali zokufaka izakhiwo. Baqasha noma bakhethe abaphathi bezigodi abashayelela ukuxhumana nabathuthukisi, abaqashi, namalungu omphakathi. Bakha imininingwane ekwaziyo ukulandelela ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yesifunda futhi bazise izinguquko zenqubo. Futhi bahlakulela ubuhlobo nabaphathi bedolobha abangontanga kwezinye izindawo, bahlanganyela imikhuba emihle kakhulu nezifundo ezifundwe ngezimiso ezinjenge-International City/Covery Managementment Association (ICMA) ne-URBACM Institute.

ICMA inikeza imithombo kanye nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe ehlobene ngokukhethekile nokuhola kwesifunda. Amamenenja edolobha angathola ulwazi lwezezimali, amaphepha amhlophe, namathuba ontanga okuxhumana abasiza ukuba bahlale benokuthambekela okuvelayo namacebo aqiniseki. Ngokufanayo, i-Brokings Institution’s Metropolitan Policy Program iyaqhubeka ishicilela ukucwaninga ngemisebenzi engokwentuthuko yesifunda, inikeza ukuqonda kolwazi olungenisa umklamo wenqubo nokwakhiwa. Izikhulu zedolobha ezihlanganyela nalezi zindlela zolwazi zihlonyiswe kangcono ukuqondisa intuthuko yesigodi nokusebenzisa izindlela zazo njengokushintsha kwezimo.

Izenhlanganiseko kanye nokuphatha ulwazi kuya ngokukhula okunendima. Amamenenja edolobha aqondisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile phakathi kwezifunda ezintsha, kuhlanganise nezimiso zezinzwa, imishini yomphakathi iWi-Fi, kanye ne-data esekela amapulatifomu asekela ukucwaninga nemisebenzi yezebhizinisi. Basebenzisa futhi imininingwane ukuze bazise ukwenza izinqumo, ukulandelela izibalo ezinjengemoto ehamba ngezinyawo, amazinga ebhizinisi, kanye nendawo yangempela efuna ukuhlaziya impilo yesifunda. Ukuzimisela kwemenenja yedolobha ukuzama ngezobuchwepheshe obusha, kuyilapho igcina indawo yomuntu yomuntu siqu nesivikelo, izimpawu emphakathini osanda kusetshenziswa ekuthuthukeni kwesifunda.

Isiphetho: I - Arbiter Engenakuxazululwa

Izifunda zasedolobheni zimelela intuthuko yezomnotho yama-21 aphakathi, kodwa impumelelo yazo ixhomeke kakhulu kubenzi bama-hange nezindawo ezikhangayo. Ixhomeke ekuholeni komphakathi okwaziyo, okuhlelekayo. Amamenenja amadolo amakhulu agcwalisa leyondima ngenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bohlelo, ukwakha ikhono lobungane, ubuphathi obuphambili, nokuqonda umphakathi. Adala izimo zokuzivumelanisa ezenzayo ezenza kwenzeke. Bahlanganisa imithombo yezimali eguqula umbono ongokoqobo. Bahlanganisa ababambi bezigxobo abahlukene ababalulekile ekuhleleni izifunda. Baqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zokwakha izifunda zifinyelela ngaphezu kwemingcele yomphakathi.

Izinselele zingokoqobo: ukuvimbela ukuxhasa ngemali, ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezikhulu, ukukhathalela okungalingani, nokuchayeka kwezombangazwe. Nokho amamenenja asemadolobheni asondela kulezinselele ngokusungula, ngokuphikelela, nangokuzinikela ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi angaveza izigodi eziveza ithuba lezomnotho, ukucwaninga nobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Njengoba amadolobha amaningi ephishekela amasu ezindawo, indima yomphathi wedolobha iyokhula kuphela. Labo abafaka ekwakheni amakhono abalulekile, ukwakha imisha edingekayo, nokugxila emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu kuyothola isikhundla esihle kakhulu ekuholeleni imiphakathi yabo echumayo nasemuva.

Isihluthulelo semithombo yangaphandle yomphathi bomuzi:

Abaphathi bedolobha abasebenzisa lengcebo, kanye nolwazi lwabo olujulile lwendaba yendawo, bayohlonyiselwa kahle ukuhlomela umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi, novuzayo wokwakha izigodi zasemadolobheni ezinikeza ukubaluleka okuhlala njalo kwezomnotho nezenhlalo.