Abaphathi bemizi bangabaphathi abakhulu bemisebenzi kamasipala, abaphethe imishini yohulumeni bezinsuku zonke nezindlela ezithatha isikhathi eside zokulawula idolobha. Ekushukunyisweni okukhulu ukususa izindawo ezizungezile zasedolobheni, indima yabo iye yavela njengenchpin evuselela amandla avuselelweyo. Ngokungafani nabaphathi bedolobha noma amalungu edolobha, abaphathi bedolobha abasebenza phakathi kwemishini kahulumeni wendawo, behumusha izinhloso ezinkulu zemisebenzi ye-consictaryth. Ikhono labo lokuhlela iminyango, ukuphatha izimali, ukusungula imishayo, nokuhamba ngezindlela zokuhamba ngemuva kubenza babe nesikhundla esikhethekile sokuqhuba i-sportastern ukuya ku-gea, umoya, nangezinye imithombo ehlanzekile. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ebanzi ye-menjini yedolobha ekusekeleni amandla, izinselele, izinselele, futhi bayakwazi ukwakha izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo.

Okwenza Ukuba Abaphathi Bedolobha Babaluleke Ekusetshenzisweni Kwamandla Okuphinde Kuvuselelwe

Imisebenzi yamandla evuselelwayo − nakanjani uphahla lwezindlu zelanga, ama-turbines omphakathi, noma i-tromater thermal thermal meters @ azenzeki nge-atmosfera. Kudingeka ukuba kuhlangane ukuhlelwa nokuhlelwa kweminyango eminingi yedolobha: ukuhlelwa nokuhlelwa kwezindawo, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi, izimali, ngokomthetho, namahhovisi asekelayo. Amamenenja edolobha ahlala ku-nexus yaleminyango, anikeza ukuhola okudingekayo ekuhleleni imithombo yemali nezinto eziza kuqala. Ngaphandle kokusekela okukhulu kwe-manijaji, ngisho nezindlela eziphambili zamandla ahlanzekile kakhulu ezidluliswa imikhandlu ingasebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphathi bedolobha banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlela imali nezindlela zokuthenga idolobha. Lokhu kubenza balawule ngokuqondile indlela izimali zikamasipala ezisetshenziselwa ngayo ukuthuthukisa amandla, izivumelwano ezivuselelwayo zamandla, nokuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi. Balawula futhi amapulani okuthuthukisa inhloko dolobha, angahlanganisa imisebenzi emikhulu enjengezakhiwo ze-soval efakwayo ezindaweni zikamasipala, ugesi wemikhumbi, kanye nezimiso zamandla esifunda.

Ngokwe International City/Community Management Association (ICMA), ohulumeni bendawo baqaphela kakhulu izinzuzo zezomnotho nendawo ezungezile zamandla avuselelwayo. Ukuhlola kwe-ICMA kanye ne-Urban Sustatability Aladers Network kwathola ukuthi ohulumeni bendawo abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-60 baye bathatha uhlobo oluthile lwamandla avuselelwayo. Abaphathi bedolobha bawumgomo wokufinyelela lezi zisulu ngoba baqondisa izinguquko ezidingekayo ezidingekayo ukuze bathathe izinqubo zokuhlanganisa izivumelwano zokuthenga amandla.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimiso Zokusebenza Nezimiso: Ukusuka Embonweni Kuya Ekhophini

Abaphathi bedolobha bavame ukuhola ekusunguleni izimiso ezenza izakhamuzi namabhizinisi atholakale futhi afinyeleleke kalula. Nakuba amalungu omkhandlu wedolobha evota ngemithetho, abaphathi bedolobha baqinisekisa ukuthi lezozimiso zihlelwe kahle, ziyaphoqelelwa, futhi zihlanganyelwa neminye imigomo kamasipala. Izindawo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Imvume evumela i-Streamlined Bregs: Enye yemigoqo emikhulu yophahla lwelanga i-enoked, ibiza, futhi ididanisa inqubo yokuvumela. Amamenenja amadolobha angasebenzisa izimiso ezilinganiswayo, kulayini evumela izindleko nemvume. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Solar Automated Exption Processing (SolarP+ thuluzi, elakhiwe yi-National Renability Energy Laboratory (NREL), ivumela amadolobha ukuba anikeze imvume ngokuzenzakalela i-odansitive-aflate-late trans. Izikhulu zezindawo zingasekela ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi anjalo ukuze zinqamle i-mediod tep.
  • Izinhlelo zomthelela: Amafakthe entengo, amandla ahlanzekile empahla (PACE) nezinhlelo zokuboleka imali eziphansi zingavala igebe elibizayo lezakhamuzi. Abaphathi bedolobha basebenza ngeminyango yezezimali ukuklama izinhlelo ezilondolozwayo futhi ezilula ukuzisebenzisa.
  • Imithetho yokwakha eluhlaza: Ihlanganisa uphahla olusele lukhona, izindinganiso zokusebenza kwamandla, nezimoto zikagesi ezihamba ngemishini yokwakha ezintsha zingandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuvuselelwa kwamandla ngaphandle kwezindleko zomphakathi. Abaphathi bedolobha bahambisana nabahloli nodwebi bokwakha ukuze baqinise lemithetho.
  • Amamanenja amadolobha angasekela ukwakhiwa kwezivande zomphakathi ezivumela abaqashi nabathola imali ephansi ukuba bazuze emandleni elanga. Babuye baxhumane ngemishini esetshenziswayo ukuze baqinisekise izimiso ezingcono ze-nethi yokuthenga abathengi abazungeza ilanga ezizukulwaneni ezeqile.

Isibonelo sangempela: Umphathi wedolobha lase-Orlando, eFlorida, wahola umzamo weminyaka eminingi wokulungisa uhlelo olubanzi lwamandla nekhodi yaleli dolobha, okuphumela ekubeni zonke izakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlala zilungele ilanga. Leli dolobha lasungula futhi inqubo evumela ugesi welanga cishe. Phakathi neminyaka emithathu, ukufakwa kwelanga e-Orlando kwanda ngo-50%.

Ukwakha Imikhumbi Yabangane Nezimali Zokuvula Izimoto

Abaphathi bedolobha bavame ukuba abakhi abayinhloko kuhulumeni wendawo. Bakha imifelandawonye nabathuthukisi abazimele, abakhi bogesi, izinhlangano ezingezinzuzo, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni nohulumeni ukuze bavuselele imisebenzi yamandla. Le ndlela yokubambisana ibalulekile ngoba amadolobha amaningi aswele izimali zangaphakathi zokuxhasa nokusebenzisa imishini emikhulu yamandla ahlanzekile kuphela.

Ubudlelwane bomphakathi (PPP)

Ngaphansi kwePPP, idolobha lingaqasha indawo yophahla noma indawo engenalutho kumbonisi welanga. Umthuthukisi wendlu, onezimpahla, futhi alondoloze isimiso lapho idolobha lithenga amandla ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe (isivumelwano sokuthenga amandla, noma iPPA). Lomfanekiso awudingi ukuthatha inhloko- dolobha esuka edolobheni futhi ungavala izindleko zikagesi eziphansi amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Abaphathi bedolobha baphatha izingxoxo ezingokomthetho nezezimali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idolobha nezakhamuzi zalo zizuza izivumelwano.

Izimemezelo Zombuso NoMbuso

Uhulumeni unikeza izimali ezinkulu zemisebenzi yamandla enziwa endaweni evuselelwayo ngezinhlangano ezinjenge-Dervince of Energy (DOE), i-Epagement Protection Agency (EPA), kanye ne-Department of House and Urban Development (HUD). I-Infladiation Reduction Reduction Act (IRA) iyodwa inikeza izigidi zezigidi zezikweleti zentela, inikeza izinhlelo, nezimali zokuboleka. Abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe bahlale bezazile ngalezinhlelo, bafake izicelo zokuncintisana, futhi balawule ukulandisa. Bavame ukwakha izivumelwano ezinikezelwe ukunikeza amaqembu ababhali bezincwadi noma izivumelwano zangaphandle ukuze banikeze impumelelo.

Amabhange Aluhlaza NeziBond Zokuvikela Uhulumeni

Inani elandayo lamadolobha limisa amabhange aluhlaza [1] Izinhlangano ezibolekwayo ezikhokhwa kakhulu emphakathini ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi ehlanzekile. Amaphathi amadolobha angahola ukwakhiwa kwebhange eliluhlaza ngokuhlanganisa imali kahulumeni, ukutshala imali, nezibopho zikamasipala ukuze akhe isikhwama semali ebolekwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, iMontgomery County Green Bank eMaryland ixhasa izimali zegesi, ukugcina amandla, nemisebenzi engcono yezakhamuzi eziphansi nezingangeni kahle, ebonisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezinjalo ziyaphumelela futhi ziyaphumelela.

Izinselele Abaphathi Bamadolobha Kumelwe Bazinqobe

Naphezu kwamandla abo, abaphathi bamadolobha babhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla avuselelekayo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Eziza Kuqala

Ohulumeni bendawo bavame ukuvalelwa, futhi ukutshala amandla okusebenza okuvuselelwa kumele kuncintisane namaphoyisa, nomlilo, nemigwaqo, nezikole. Abaphathi bedolobha kumele benze icala lebhizinisi: amandla avuselelwe anganciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, adale imisebenzi yendawo, futhi athathe izikweleti zentela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka izikhungo zegesi esakhiwo sikamasipala kungaba nenkathi ekhokhelwayo yeminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi, ngemva kwalokho idolobha longa izinkulungwane zamaRandi ngonyaka. Abaphathi bedolobha bangasebenzisa izindleko zokuhlola isilinganiso sokuphila ngebhayisekile ukuze babonise ukuthi amandla ahlanzekile akuyona izindleko kodwa ukutshala imali.

Ukuphikiswa Kwezombangazwe Nokumelana Nezisulu

Akubona bonke ababheki bezindawo abasekelayo. Amandla asebenza ngokungenangqondo angamelana nomphakathi welanga noma wenetha. Ezinye izakhamuzi zingase zilwele ukulwa nama-turbine omoya noma amapulazi amakhulu azungeza ilanga ngenxa yokukhathalela okubonakalayo noma umsindo. Amamenenja amadolobha kumelwe ahileleke ekuthutheleni umphakathi, akhulume ngokufaka izikhalo eziyiqiniso kuyilapho futhi egqugquzela izishayamthetho zikahulumeni ukuba zisekele izinqubo ezisekelayo. Bangakha futhi amakomiti okusekela i-ompeccorist qua abameleli bezindawo ezizungezile, amaqembu ezindawo ezizungezile, kanye nabanikazi bamabhizinisi ukuze bakhe ukuvumelana.

Ubunkimbinkimbi Bezobuchwepheshe Nokuhlanganiswa Kwe - grid

Ukuhlola i-glate kagesi ukuze kusingathwe imithombo yamandla eguquguqukayo kuyinselele ngobuchwepheshe. Amamenenja amadolobha adinga ukusebenza nabasebenzi bawo abasebenza nabo (noma umasipala, i-coop, noma inkampani etshalelwe ishende) ezimisweni zokusakaza, ekufakeni amamitha ahlakaniphile, nasekusebenziseni izixazulu zokugcina amandla. Lokhu kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kobuchwepheshe noma ukufinyelela kochwepheshe. Amamenenja amaningi amadolobha aqasha izikhulu zezisebenzi ezisekelayo noma abaphathi bamandla ukuze avimbele leligele.

Ubulungisa Bendawo Ezungezile Nobulungisa

Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamandla kuye kwagxilwa ngokomlando ezindaweni ezicebe kakhulu, ezimhlophe. Abaphathi bamadolobha banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphakathi ethola imali ephansi nezindawo ezinemibala ephansi ihlanganyela ezinzuzoni. Lokhu kusho ukuklama izinhlelo ezisusa izithiyo zezimali, ukwenza izindlu zemikhaya eminingi, nokuhlanganyela emaqenjini ahlukene angokomlando. Izimali ze-solar ne-PaCE, uma zisungulwe, zingasiza ekufinyeleleni amandla alinganayo.

Izinqubo Zokuphumelela: Indlela Abaphathi Bamadolobha Abangahola Ngayo

Kudingeka icebo elibanzi lokunqoba lezi zinselele. Abaphathi bamadolobha abaphumelela kakhulu bathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Yakha Iqembu Elinamandla Langaphakathi

Izindlela zokuthatha kabusha amandla ezinqamule iminyango, ngakho amamenenja edolobha kufanele asungule iqembu eliluhlaza elingaphakathi ("noma akhethe umxhumanisi osekelayo) ukufezwa komthofu. Leli qembu kufanele lihlanganise abameleli abavela ekuhleleni, emisebenzini yomphakathi, kwezezimali, ekubopheni okungokomthetho, nasemphakathini. Imihlangano yasikhathi sonke iqinisekisa ukuhleleka nokulandisa.

Zibekele Imigomo Ecacile Nelinganisayo

Ngokuqondile, izisulu zamandla athatha isikhathi esivuselelwe (isizzk., “ikhulu% lemisebenzi kamasipala egunyazwe ngokuvuselelwa ngo-2030”) linikeza isiqondiso esicacile futhi livumele intuthuko yokulandela indlela. Abaphathi bamadolobha bangathatha izisekelo ezifana ne-Sierra Club’s Clup ka-100 noma uhlelo lwe-DOE’s SolSmart lokuhlela imigomo yabo.

3. Hlanganyela Nomphakathi Ngokushesha Nakaningi

Izivumelwano zomphakathi eziphumelelayo zingaphezu kokuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi. Abaphathi bamadolobha bangangenisa amashabhu, bafake amatheku kuyi-Internet ukuze bathole impendulo futhi basebenzise imikhankaso yezokuthengisa yomphakathi ukuze bakhe intshiseko. Izinhlelo zemfundo ezikoleni nasemphakathini zingawanciphisa amandla avuselelwayo futhi ziqokomise izinzuzo zomuntu siqu njengezindleko eziphansi zezenzuzo.

4. Ukwaziswa Okune - levergage Nezingcezu

Izinqumo zemininingwane ezisetshenziswayo azinakwenzeka futhi ziyasebenza. Abaphathi bamadolobha kufanele balandelele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezakhiweni zikamasipala, bahlole izici zegesi ephumayo, futhi baqhubekele phambili emadolobheni ontanga. I-EPA’s Portfolio umphathi we-Energy Atlas nayi-DOE’s Egnectal zingamathuluzi awusizo. Ukubika okubonisa ngokucacile kwakha ukwethemba nokulandisa.

5. Phishekela Ukwelapha Ngezindlela Zobudlova

Ukuthenga amandla avuseleleka ngokuthola imali ekhethekile (isinye isigamu, umphakathi okhetha ukuhlukanisa noma ukudayisa i-octroff eluhlaza) kunganciphisa izindleko futhi kwandise ithonya lezentengiselwano. Abaphathi bamadolobha bangahlangana kanye namadolobha angomakhelwane abanegunya elihlangene lokuxoxa ngamazinga angcono nabaphathi bezinto zokuphehla amandla kanye nabathuthukisi.

6. Ukutshala Imali Ethuthukisiwe Ezisebenzini

Amandla avuselelwe adala imisebenzi yendawo ekufakeni, ekulungiseni, nasekukhiqizeni. Abaphathi bedolobha bangasebenza namakholiji omphakathi nezikole zokuhwebelana ukuze baqeqeshe izakhamuzi ukuze zifeze lezi ndima, baqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo ezingokomnotho zokushintsha kwamandla ahlala emphakathini. Izinhlelo zokuhlobisa ukufakwa kwelanga noma ukulungiswa kwezimoto zikagesi zibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuhlola Icala: Abaphathi Bamadolobha Bayasebenza

Ukuhlola izindaba ezikhuluma ngempumelelo yangempela ezweni kubonisa umphumela ongabangelwa umphathi wedolobha ozinikezele.

St Petersburg, Florida: Umphathi weDolobha uDonna Hayes wahola ekuzilungiseni nasekuzinziseni okwahlanganisa umgomo wamandla angu 100% avuselelwayo emsebenzini wedolobha ngo-2035. Waqondisa ukufakwa kwe-megawatt ye-langa esikhungweni sokwelapha amanzi sedolobha, (ukusebenzisa isakhiwo sePPA esidala esasindisa idolobha izigidi ezingu-4 (izigidi ezingu-20 zeminyaka). Iqembu lakhe lafaka futhi umgomo wolwembutho owe-injini owenziwe lula ilanga, waphumela ekunyukeni kwama - 300% ezindaweni zokuhlala ezikhona ngenyanga phakathi neminyaka emibili.

Minneapolis, Minnesota: Ngo-2018, Umphathi weDolobha uMark Ruff wahola inguquko ebanzi ekuhleleni isimo sezulu sedolobha ngemva kokuba umkhandlu wedolobha umemezele isimo sezulu esiphuthumayo. Wasungula iHhovisi lokuzimela nokuHlalanisa, elisuka ekungeneni okuqinile kohlanganyelwayo. Ngaphansi komholi wakhe, uMyneapolis ohlangene noXcel Ener ukuze asungule isimiso somphakathi sengadi yomhlaba jikelele manje esinikeza amandla ahlanzekile ezindlini ezingaphansi kwezingu 5 000 ezifikayo.

Lord, Colorado: Ihhovisi ledolobha laqhubela phambili ukwakhiwa kwecebo le-Energy Boulder’s Future, elalihlanganisa ukukhetha komphakathi (CCA) ukuvumela idolobha ukuba lithenge ugesi emithonjeni evuselelwe. Naphezu kwezinselele ezingokomthetho ze-intelligence yendawo, i-Presidenti yeDolobha uJane Brautigam yakha iqoqo elikhulu labasekeli futhi ekugcineni yafaka imvume yokulungisa idolobha ukuba liqhubekele phambili. Namuhla, imithombo kagesi 75% etholakalayo kuleyondawo.

Indlela Engaphambili: Abaphathi Bamadolobha Abasekelayo

Abaphathi bemizi abanakwenza lomsebenzi bodwa. Badinga ukusekelwa yizikhulu ezikhethiwe, ohulumeni bakahulumeni, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kanye nengxenye ezimele. Izwe lingakhipha umthetho okhipha izithiyo zomphakathi ne-nethithi. Uhulumeni wezwe unganikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe nezinhlelo ezigunyaza imishini. Imboni yomuntu siqu inganikeza izimali eziphansi nezobuchwepheshe obusunguliwe.

Okubalulekile, abaphathi bedolobha ngokwabo kumelwe babe negunya ngamathuba obuchwepheshe entuthuko. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-ICMA ne-Urban Sustainability Abaqondisi be-Urban Network zinikeza ukuqeqeshwa ekutholeni amandla avuselelweyo, ukuphatha izakhiwo, nokufaka izivumelwano zokusebenza. Ohulumeni kufanele bafake imali ekwakheni isikhundla somphathi wedolobha ngokunikeza imfundo eqhubekayo nezisebenzi.

Izindawo ezidinga ukusekelwa umphakathi futhi zibaluleke ngokufanayo. Izakhamuzi eziqonda izinzuzo zezomnotho nezemvelo zamandla avuselelwayo zingaba abameleli abanamandla kubaphathi bamadolobha abasekela lezinyathelo. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ingasiza ngokuqokomisa imisebenzi ephumelelayo, zigcizelela ukulandisa kokuthi amandla ahlanzekile adinga kokubili ukukhathalela okungokomlando nendawo ezungezile.

Ekugcineni, ukushintsha amandla avuselelwa emadolobheni akuyona nje inselele engokobuchwepheshe, kodwa abaphathi bamadolobha abakwazi ukusungula icebo, ukuxhasa izimali, nomphakathi ukuba benze uhlelo oluvumelanayo kuyoba yilabo abayokwenza imigomo yesimo sezulu efuna ukuvelela ibe imiphumela engokoqobo nehlala njalo. Indima yabo ibalulekile, futhi impumelelo yabo inzuzo yabo bonke.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngendlela umphakathi wakho ongasekela ngayo abaphathi bedolobha ekutholeni amandla avuselelekayo, ukuhlola imithombo evela ICMA, DOE’E'S Sustatible Cities uhlelo lwe-[[, kanye [[FLT]] ne-NDC's ezithatha isinyathelo esivuselelwe [[. Lezinhlangano zinikeza amathuluzi, izifundo, futhi zixhasa amathuba angasheshisa uhambo lwakho oluhlanzekile lwedolobha.