Ulimo Lwasemadolobheni Njengohulumeni Oza Kuqala

Impumelelo yalezi zinyathelo zokuzisebenzela zasedolobheni ixhomeke kakhulu ekuhilelekeni kwesimiso esiqashelwayo sezakhiwo zezakhiwo zamadolobha. Amadolobha embulunga yonke ahlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla namapulani awo okulungisa izikhawu zokudla, ukunciphisa imiphumela yesimo sezulu, nokuqinisa izomnotho zendawo. Impumelelo yalezi zinyathelo zokuhamba, nokho, ixhomeke kakhulu ekuhilelekeni okuqhubekayo kwabaphathi bedolobha abasebenza ngokusebenza, besekela izimali, besiza nomphakathi. Ikhono lomphathi wedolobha lokuhamba ngemithi ekwakheni, ukuhlukanisa umhlaba, nokutshala izimali kunquma ukuthi ingadi yomphakathi iba usizo oluhlala njalo noma isilinganiso esifushane.

Imisebenzi yokulima yasedolobheni ihlanganisa imikhakha ebanzi: amapulazi ophahla, izingadi ezimile, izinkundla zomphakathi, ama - hydropponic ezindaweni zokuhlalisa, nokulungisa izihlahla ezidliwayo emapaki omphakathi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza izinselele namathuba ayingqayizivele. Amamenenja amadolobha kumelwe ahlole izidingo zendawo, izakhiwo ezikhona, nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amadolobha ezinde ukuze asekele ngokuphumelelayo. Ukucwaninga okukhula kokucwaninga − njengokuhlola i-Dod ne Organization ye-Agriculture (FALT)[F:1] [Q] iqinisekisa ukuthi ukucwaninga okuhlala emadolobheni kuyasiza ekulondolozeni ukudla, izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, kanye nokuhlalo. Lokhu kwenza ukuba isikhululo sedolobha singagcini nje indima yokwe ukuphatha kodwa silungele ukuphatha.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yabaphathi Bedolobha Ezolimo Zase - Urban

Abaphathi bedolobha basebenza njengabaxhumanisi bemisebenzi yezolimo yasedolobheni. Imithwalo yabo yemfanelo ihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa isimiso sokuthuthukisa, ukuphatha izimpahla, ukuthembisana ngezimali, nokwengamela uhlelo. Ngaphandle kwemenenja yedolobha elinikezelwe noma ukuxhumana okumisiwe phakathi kukahulumeni kamasipala, imisebenzi ivame ukugcinwa ngenxa yokwenza izinqumo ezihlukene. Abaphathi bamadolobha abaphumelelayo bahlela ukulima emadolobheni ngezinhlelo ezibanzi, njengokuhlela ukusekela ukuma kwesimo sezulu, amasu okuthuthukisa isimo sezulu, kanye namasu okuthuthukisa izomnotho.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimiso Nezinguquko

Enye yemiphumela emikhulu kakhulu engalethwa umphathi wedolobha yinguquko yezimiso zendawo ezivimbela ukulima kwasemadolobheni ngokungazi. Imithetho eminingi yezindawo isabheka imisebenzi yezolimo njengengavumelani nezindawo zokuhlala noma ezentengiselwano. Abaphathi bamadolobha basebenza neminyango yokuhlela ukuvuselela imithetho yokusebenzisa izwe ukuze bavumele izikhungo zokufudula, imibhede, ngisho nemfuyo emincane ezindaweni ezifanele. Futhi basekela ukubukezwa kwemithetho yezempilo yokuvumela ukuba kusetshenziswe ukudla noma ipulazi. Ngokwesibonelo, amadolobha anjenge-Seattlean aye amukela “ipulani ezingaphezulu zezindawo zokulima ze-lo.” umholi ovumela ukuba izakhiwo zomphakathi ukuba zivuselelwe izivini. Umholi onjalo udinga ukuqonda kokubili izinganiso ezingokomthetho nezidingo zomphakathi.

Abaphathi bedolobha basekela futhi izimiso ezifaka imingcele ephambili yokuthola imali ephansi neyakhiwe ngokwezimo ezingokomlando. Izolimo zase Urban zingakhuphula ukulingana uma indawo ephambili yabelwa amaqembu acebile. Umphathi wedolobha onomthwalo wemfanelo uqinisekisa ukuthi iprojekthi ihlala, izimali, nosizo lobuchwepheshe lufinyeleleka ngaphansi kwezindawo ezigciniwe. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqhuba izinqumo ezingcono nokuhlanganyela nezinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuhlela. INhlangano ye-American Planning’s iqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi yezoliging joing [ inikeza amakhathe emisebenzi enjalo.

Ukuthola Imithombo Yemali Nokusebenzisa Imishini

Ukusekela ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo ezolimo zasedolobheni kudinga okungaphezu kwezinhloso ezinhle; kudinga ukuhlelwa kwemali egciniwe. Abaphathi bemizi baveza futhi banike imithombo enjengezindawo ezingenalutho, izindawo zokungena kwamanzi, izakhiwo ze-compost, neminikelo. Bangakha izimali ezinikezelwe, njenge-Urbal Agriculture Grant Program eqanjwe eBaltimore, noma ukusekelana kwezolimo ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi manje. Ukubambisana komphakathi kungelinye ithuluzi. Ngokuxhumanisa abalimi basedolobheni nezakhiwo zendawo noma amabhizinisi (ngokwesibonelo, i-okhemishi exhasa insimu yesikole), abaphathi bedolobha bandisa inzuzo yezentengo yomphakathi elinganiselwe yemali.

Usizo lobuchwepheshe lubalulekile ngokufanayo. Abaphathi bedolobha bangaqondisa izisebenzi ekuhlolweni kwenhlabathi, ekuvuneni kwamanzi, nasekuhlelweni kwezitshalo. Abanye omasipala baye bamisa “izikhungo zezimboni zezezimali” eminyangweni yedolobha. Abanye bavumelana nochwepheshe abangakhi nzuzo ukuze banikeze ukuqeqeshwa. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi umphathi wedolobha usekela lezi zakhiwo futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala zingaphezu komjikelezo owodwa onikeza imvume.

Ukuvumelana Nokuvunyelwa Kwemibono Ehlobene

Imisebenzi yezolimo yasedolobheni idinga imvume evela eminyangweni eminingi: ukuhlela, imisebenzi yomphakathi, impilo, amapaki, futhi ngezinye izikhathi. Ngaphandle komxhumanisi, izikhankaso zibhekene nendishi yemvume nezimfuneko ezingqubuzanayo. Abaphathi bedolobha badala izinqubo ezihambayo, njengemvume eyodwa yengadi yomphakathi noma “uhlelo lophahla olusheshayo”. Baphethe futhi imihlangano ebanzi enqamuleneyo yokuxazulula izingxabano, ngokwesibonelo, lapho umnyango wepaki ufuna ukulondoloza umthetho kodwa umnyango wokuhlela uveza inzuzo yokudla. Igunya likamphathi lokuthatha i-freageant futhi unquma ukuthi kuyingozi.

ECleveland, ihhovisi lomphathi wedolobha lamisa i-Urban Agriculture Task Force ehlanganisa abameleli abavela kuyo yonke iminyango ehlangene namalungu omphakathi. Leli qembu litusa iziphakamiso zokuhlola ukuhlaliswa kwezindawo, ukubheka izinhlelo zemisebenzi. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zinciphisa ukuphikisana kwezakhiwo futhi zisheshisa ukumiswa kwemisebenzi, okungabangela ukuba umphakathi wethenjwe.

Ingxenye Yomphakathi Nokwakha Izakhiwo Zomsebenzi Wobudoda

Izindawo zokulima eziphumelelayo zasedolobheni zisekelwe kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni komphakathi. Abaphathi bedolobha basiza imihlangano yomphakathi, ukuhlola, kanye namasha okuqoqa imisebenzi yokufaka nokusayina. Futhi bafaka imali ekwakheni izakhiwo zekhono lokulawula izakhiwo zomphakathi, ukuqeqesha izakhamuzi ekuqondiseni izinga lezomphakathi, ukuphatha ipulazi lokubambisana, namakhono okuhola. Ukungenela izinhlelo zesikole ezisekelwe esikoleni kuthuthukisa ukusekelwa isikhathi eside kwezimiso zokudla. Abaphathi bedolobha bangasebenza namayunivesithi endawo ukuze banikeze ukuhlolwa nobuchwepheshe, njengoba kubonakala ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwe-Yunivesithi yaseCalifornia Coevativement nasemadolobhana ambalwa aseCalifornia.

Ukuxhumana njalo ngamaphepha ezindaba, imithombo yezokuxhumana, nezenzakalo zomphakathi kugcina abantu bengazi lutho futhi behilelekile. Abaphathi bedolobha kufanele baqokomise izindaba zempumelelo ukuze bakhe amandla. Ngokwesibonelo, umphathi angase abe nengadi enciphisa amazinga obugebengu omphakathi noma anikeze imifino emisha endaweni yokudla. Ukulinganisela nokuhlanganyela lemiphumela kuqinisa ukusekela umphakathi nezombangazwe ekuthengeni imali eyengeziwe.

Izinselele Abaphathi Bamadolobha Ababhekana Nazo

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, ezolimo zasemadolobheni zikhona izithiyo. Abaphathi bemizi-dolobha kumelwe bahambe ngezindawo ezilinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni aminyene, akhiwe ngaphandle. Ukuncintisana nendawo phakathi kwezindlu, intuthuko yezentengiselwano, nezakhiwo eziluhlaza kukhulu. Izwe linemali enzima[ iyimpikiswano eqhubekayo: izingadi eziningi zomphakathi zikhona ngokuqashwa kwentela yesikhashana, okwenza ukuhlelwa kwesikhashana kube nzima. Abaphathi bedolobha bangasungula ukuthembana kwezindawo noma iziqu ezihlala njalo ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo, kodwa lokhu kudinga ukushintshwa kwemithetho yezentengo yempahla.

Ukuhlanganisa ukungahleleki kwezentengiselwano kungenye inselele. Izinhlelo zezolimo zase Urban zivame ukuba ezokuqala ukusikwa phakathi nemali enciphileyo ngaphandle kokuba zihlanganiswe ezinkonzweni eziphakathi zedolobha. Amamenenja ezidolobheni angavikela lezinhlelo ngokubonisa ukubuya kwazo kwezomnotho (ngokomzekelo, ngokudala, ngokuhlela, ngokunciphisa izindleko zokuphatha amanzi esiphepho, noma amanani engeziwe empahla eduze kwezindawo eziluhlaza. Imininingwane-dvocation ibalulekile. Ngokufanayo, ukucindezela kokukhathala kwesivumelwano ] kungavela uma izakhamuzi zizwa ukuthi ziyahlobana kodwa azizwa. Izikhulumi kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi imiboniso yemidanganiso izimpawu ezivalelwe yimiphumela yazo.

Ekugcineni, ukucindezela kokuthuthukisa okunendawo eluhlaza kudinga ukwahlulela okungaguquguquki. Amamenenja amadolobha kumelwe asebenze nabathuthukisi bezolimo ukuze ahlanganise imisebenzi emisha (ngokwesibonelo, adinga ukulungisa okudliwayo ngokushintsha amabhonasi anzima. Badinga futhi ukumelana nesilingo sokuguqula izinga eliphumelelayo libe yinani eliphezulu uma sebelisebenzisele ukuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwazo. Ukuvikela izakhiwo ezikhona kuthumela umyalezo owenzelwe idolobha isikhathi eside.

Izinzuzo Zomphathi Wedolobha Onamandla

Uma abaphathi bedolobha bethatha ezolimo zasedolobheni njengendawo ephambili, izinzuzo zidlula ezindaweni eziningi ezingokwezimiso. ukulondeka kokudla kuyathuthuka njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwendawo kunciphisa ukuncishwa kwemigoqo ekude. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, amadolobha anezimiso zezokulima eziqinile ayakwazi kangcono ukunikeza imikhiqizo emisha kubantu abasengozini. izinzuzo ezingokwezikhungo [ zihlanganisa ukunciphiswa kweziphene zemikhumbi ehambayo, imiphumela ephansi yeziqhingi ezishisayo, izinga lomoya elingcono, nokukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo kwemiphakathi kwezindawo zasedolobhazandle nezindolo eziluhlaza futhi kuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ezindaweni ezikugcinwa kuzo. [FLT]

Imiphumela yempilo nempilo ibaluleke ngokufanayo. Izingadi zomphakathi zikhuthaza ukusebenzelana komphakathi, zinciphisa ubugebengu, futhi zinikeza imisebenzi engokomzimba. Zisebenza njengamakilasi angaphandle emfundo yokondleka nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzi. Ukuhlola kwe-Texas kuthola ukuthi ukuhlanganyela egadini lomphakathi kwakuhlobene ne-BMI nezithelo eziphezulu kanye nezithelo ezidliwayo zezitshalo [. Abaphathi bamaDolobha abafaka izimali kulemisebenzi bathenga empilweni yomphakathi nasemphakathini.

Intuthuko yezomnotho [[FLT: 0] futhi ithola isondlo. Amapulazi asedolobheni akha imisebenzi ekulimeni, ekusakazeni, nasesitolo. Angamisa izikhungo zokudla zendawo ezisekela amabhizinisi amancane. EDetroit, ikhomu lasedolobheni lezolimo liye ladala ibhizinisi eliningi futhi lavuselela izindawo zokuthengisa ezingenalutho. Abaphathi bedolobha bangathuthukisa lokhu ngokunikela ngemicrollans, izinhlelo zebhizinisi, nezindawo ezithandwayo zedolobha ekutholeni ukudla okutshaliwe endaweni yakisiwe.

Izibonelo Zangempela Zobuholi Bomphathi Wedolobha

Seattle, Washington: Ukubuyiselwa Kwesimiso

Umphathi wedolobha laseSeattle (oyisimo seHhovisi leMayor ne-Dercement of Faceros) wasungula iP-Patch Community Garning Program kuma 1970, manje ehlanganisa izingadi ezingaphezu kuka-90 kulo lonke idolobha. Leli dolobha linikeza izwe, amanzi, nezisebenzi ukusekela kuyilapho amalungu omphakathi ephethe lezi ziqendu. Seattle wamukela futhi i-Urban Agriculture Zoning Code evumela ukugcinwa kwezincuku, izinkukhukhu, kanye nezingadi zemakethe ezisemakethendeni amaningi. Lenkambiso yayidinga ukuba isakhiwo esine sezikhulu zedolobha nezikhulu zedolobha nezindawo eziphethe izikhulu zezindawo, ebonisa indlela ukuhola kwezokuphatha izakhiwo zasemadolobheni.

Baltimore, Maryland: Ukusekela Ukuxhasa

UMnyango wokuhlela weBaltimore, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwemenenja yedolobha, wasungula iBaltimore Urbal Agriculture Plan (BUILD) futhi wamisa iHhovisi Lokuzimela. Ngaleli hhovisi, leli dolobha linikela ngemali engu-R9 000 ukuze kusetshenziswe izingadi zomphakathi, linikeza inkatho yamahhala yamahhala ne-compost, futhi likhokhela idolobha elingenalutho lokulima. Abaphathi bedolobha babuye basebenzisa i-Johns Hopkinskins ukuze bahlole i-Livic Fumeose imiphumela yezinhlelo, besebenzisa ukwaziswa ukuze bahluze izimiso zokulungisa nokuxhasa izimali eziqhubekayo.

Detroit, Michigan: Ushintsho Oluyilungu LaseVacant

IDetroit yabhekana nezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi abaphathi bedolobha baguqula inkinga yaba ithuba. Ngokudala iDetroit Land Bank Authority nezindawo zokuqashisa ezisheshayo ezithunyelwa emaqenjini omphakathi, leli dolobha lasiza amakhulu amapulazi namangadi asemadolobheni. Ihhovisi lomuzi laxoxa ngemifelandawo yeMichigan State University Indice yosizo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nabakhiqizi bezokudla bendawo ukuze kutholakale amakethe. Lokhu kubonisa indlela abaphathi bamadolobha abangaguqula ngayo izindawo ezikhiqizayo zibe yizindawo zokudla kuyilapho bexhumana nokudla.

Impumelelo: Izikhombi eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwabaphathi bedolobha

Ukuze basekele ukunakekelwa kwezolimo zasemadolobheni, abaphathi bamadolobha kudingeka balandele imiphumela. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokusebenza (KP Is) zihlanganisa:

  • Izingqungquthela zokudla okukhiqizwa minyaka yonke kuyo yonke imisebenzi; kungahlelwa ngendlela evamile ngehektare noma ngedollar.
  • Inani lamalungu [ ngamahora okuzithandela, izinhlelo zokufundisa, nemisebenzi ekhokhelwayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Acrates zomhlaba otshalwa ngokukhutheleyo embonini obala noma elula.
  • [ Ukufinyelelwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile zokudla kufinyelelwe ngokusakazwa kwezindawo zezolimo zasemadolobheni.
  • [ Ukucutha kwamanzi okuphumayo okubangelwa izingadi zemvula nendawo ezigudlukile emapulazini.
  • [ Ukwaneliseka okugcwele [ ekuhlolweni kwamalungu asengadini nomakhelwane.
  • [ Imali egciniwe ukuya edolobheni kusukela ekucushweni kokugunda, ukulahla okungekho emthethweni, nesakhiwo samanzi esinesiphepho.

Abaphathi bedolobha kufanele badinge ukubika kwaminyaka yonke kwezisebenzi ezikhokhelwe futhi bafake lo kwaziswa ezibhalweni zemali yedolobha nasemibhalweni egciniwe. Umbiko osobala wakha ukulandisa futhi udonsela imali eyengeziwe evela ezindaweni zangaphandle.

Ubuhlobo Obunethonya Eliningi

Akukho mphathi wedolobha ongaphumelela yedwa. Ukwakha iqoqo labasizi bezokusebenza nabo kubalulekile. Izinhlangano ezingazuzisi ezifana ne- Urban Agriculture Network kanye ne-[FLT] Food First[ inikeza i-activeism nemithombo yezobuchwepheshe. Izinhlangano zezezobuchwepheshe zinikeza amandla okucwaninga nezisebenzi zokuzithandela zabafundi. Amabhizinisi endawo angaxhasa amapulani noma ukuthenga imikhiqizo. Izifunda zesikole zingahlanganisa izinga lezifundo zezifundo futhi zisebenzise imikhiqizo ekhefini. Iminyango yezempilo ingahlanganisa izinhlelo zensimu ekuvimbeleni izifo ezingapheli. Izinhlangano ezisekelwe ekuhlolweni kwezentengo zezentengo zezwe futhi zingangenisa iziviwo.

Amamenenja amadolobha angahlela lobubuhlobo ngokuqonda, amakomiti okuqondisa, kanye nokunikeza izicelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ePortland, e-Oregon, ihhovisi lemenenja yedolobha ahlanganisa i-Urban Agriculture Coltutive, ehlanganisa izinhlangano ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 ezisebenzisanayo. Le micimbi yezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezibambisanayo, abameleli bezinguquko zenqubo, nezenzo ezingcono kakhulu. Izimiso ezinjalo zandisa ukufinyelela kwedolobha ngaphandle kwezisebenzi zikamasipala ezithwala imithwalo.

Ukuthuthela Ukuhlelwa Kwezolimo Zasemadolobheni Kuyi - Long Range

Ukuze ezolimo zasedolobheni zingabi yinqubo yesikhashana nje, kumelwe zihlanganiswe zibe namapulani abanzi, izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa inhloko, namasu okulungisa isimo sezulu. Amamenenja edolobha angaqinisekisa ukuthi intuthuko entsha ihlanganisa uphahla oluluhlaza noma izindawo zokuhlalisa umphakathi, ukuthi imisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi (njengokulungiswa kwemigwaqo) ibangela ukuba ikwazi ukufinyelela emapulazini, futhi leyo zinhlelo eziyingozi zokulinganisela iqaphele ukukhiqizwa kokudla njengezisekelo ezibucayi. Ihhovisi ledolobha lingahola futhi ekudalweni kwe-Urban Agriculture Master Plan, kanye ne-mfanti evela kubangenisi, izisulu, izisulu, izimpahla, nemithombo yemali.

Ukukwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu kuyinto eshukumisa kakhulu. Amapulazi asedolobheni anciphisa ukushisa kweziqhingi zasedolobheni, adonsa amanzi esiphepho, futhi anikeze ukudla okuphuthumayo ngemva kwezinhlekelele. Abaphathi bedolobha emadolobheni anjengeMiami neSan Francisco baye bahlanganisa ezolimo zasemadolobheni namapulani abo okulungisa isimo sezulu, ukuvikela uhulumeni nokuzivuselela kombuso. Lokhu kuhlola phambili kuqinisekisa ukuthi ezolimo zihlala zibalulekile njengoba nje kuphakama ezinye izingcindezi zemali.

Isiphetho: Indima Engenakuxazululwa Yomphathi Wedolobha

Ulimi lwasemadolobheni alulona ikhambi lokuzindulela; ludinga ukusekelwa ngamabomu, okuqhubekayo kobuholi bukamasipala. Amamenenja amadolobha anesikhundla esikhethekile sokuhlela uhlelo, ukuxhasa ngokwezimali, amandla omphakathi, nobuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe. Ngokusekela izinguquko zemithetho yemithetho yezobuchwepheshe, imvume yokuthutha, imithombo yezimali, kanye nokwakha ubudlelwane, bakha indawo lapho ezolimo zasemadolobheni zingachuma khona. Izinzuzo ``indawo eqinile, isayensi yezomnotho yendawo, izakhamuzi, − kufanelwe yinzuzo kakhulu ukukhokha inzuzo. Kunoma yiliphi idolobha mayelana nokulondolozwa nokungalingani, ukugunyaza umphathi wedolobha ukuba liholele kwezolimo zasemadolobheni ziyinyathelo elibalulekile.

Abaphathi bemizi abathatha lendima baba izici ezibangela ushintsho, izindawo ezingenalutho zibe amapulazi akhiqizayo, ukhonkolo ube yizindawo ezidliwayo, nezingwadule zokudla zibe yindawo yokudla. Izibonelo zeSeattle, Baltimore, neDetroit zibonisa ukuthi uma kunezikhundla eziphambili, ezolimo zasemadolobheni ziba isisekelo esihlakaniphile, intuthuko ehlanganisa amadolobha. Njengoba amadolobha eqhubeka ekhula futhi izinselele zesimo sezulu zikhula, indima yomphathi wedolobha ekusekeleni ezolimo zasemadolobheni iyoba bucayi kakhulu.