Ukuchaza I - Cybersecurity Manday Yomnyango WoMbuso

Iminyango yoMbuso isebenza njengesisekelo sokusebenzisa izimiso ze-inthanethi ezilawula umhlaba wonke. Ukugunyaza kwayo kudlulela ngalé kokuthobela; inomthwalo wokuhumusha iziyalezo eziphakeme zezikhulu neziqondiso zomthetho zisebenze, izinhlelo zokhuseleko ezingaphansi komhlaba. Enkathini lapho ukuhlasela kwe-sihleurs, ukuphuka kolwazi, nokunikeza ucingo lwezisekelo kuhulumeni abakhokhi ababhekene nokwandayo, indima yale minyango iye yashintsha esuka ekusebenziseni izingozi ezisemgangathweni. Ngokwesibonelo, i-FLT:0] Inhlangano yesizwe ye-demodeli ne-CYURCM (SIS) Framectiveom [FFLT:1] inikeza isisekelo esisholo esithandwayo, kodwa isifundazwe esiwuthintayo isilinganiso semali, ukusongela kwezentengo yendawo, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zendawo.

I-inthanethi ephumelelayo ye-inthanethi ye-inthanethi iqala ngokuthuthuka okucacile kwenqubo. Iminyango yoMbuso ivame ukuhola imizamo yokuhlela nokulungisa, ihlanganisa ukufakwa komthetho ophoqelelwe, ukulawulwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo, nokuhlukaniswa kwe-IT. Lezimiso kumelwe zihambisane nesiqondiso sikahulumeni ezinhlanganweni ezinjengezezobuzwe i-Cybersecurity and Infrastrure Security Agency (CISA)[FLT] [FLT]] ihlala ivumelana ngokwaneleyo ukuze ikwazi ukusingatha izingozi ezifana nesivikelo sokhetho, isivikelo sezempilo yomphakathi, noma isisekelo sesisekelo sesisekelo esibucayi. Inqubo ihlanganisa imijikelezo eqhubekayo, i-parective reserveration, kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-propalment (igniclactive) ukuqinisekisa ukulwa kwezinsole.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Esebenzayo

Ukuthuthukisa Nokuthuthukisa Ukuziphatha Okuhle

Intuthuko yenqubo yezomthetho inqubo elawulayo. Iminyango yoMbuso kumelwe ihlole izingozi ze-inthanethi zamanje, ibhentshi elimelene nezifundazwe zontanga, futhi ihlanganise imikhuba emihle kakhulu evela i-Cybersecurity Framework ne-CIS Control. Ikhiqiza imibhalo ehlanganisa ukulawulwa kokungena, ukuhlelwa kwemininingwane, ukusabela kwezehlakalo, nokuphatha kwesithathu kwengozi. Inqubo ngayinye kumele ibhalwe ngokucacile, ulimi oluphoqelelwe futhi ihlanganise nama-millimeterss ukuze ivumelane. njalo ngonyaka noma ngemva kwezenzakalo ezinkulu. zenza i-zingcingo eziseduze abahlaseli bayaxhaphaza.

Ukugcwalisa Imithetho Yokulondeka Ngaphesheya Kohulumeni Onezinkonzo

Ukulawula ukulondeka phakathi kwezinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni, ngayinye nendawo yayo ezungezile ethi IT, kuwumsebenzi omkhulu. Iminyango yoMbuso ithumela izixazululo eziyinhloko njengokuthola indawo ephelelayo nokuphendula (EDR), ukuqinisekisa okuhlukahlukene (MFA), nokuvikela amaza e-imeyili. Futhi imisa izindinganiso zokuvikela ezilinganiselwe izinhlangano okumelwe zihlangane nazo, ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa indlela elandelanayo esekelwe ekuqondeni ukwaziswa. Ukuhlelwa kuhilela ukuhlelwa kwemininingwane, ukuhlanganisa izivumelwano zomthengisi, nokusekela izinhlangano zezemisebenzi ye-IT. Impumelelo idinga ukuqondiswa kwemisebenzi yemisebenzi nokushintsha ukuxhumana okuqinile ukuze kuncishitshazwe.

Ukuhlolwa Okuqhubekayo Kobunzima Nezinsongo

Izikhungo zokusebenza zokhuseleko ezisemgangathweni kahulumeni (SAC) noma izikhungo zokufaka ukwaziswa okufakwa ezinzweni ze-nethiwekhi, ukusongela ukuhlakanipha kokondla, kanye nezixwayiso zomphakathi. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kuvumela iminyango ukuba ibone umsebenzi owenziwe ngempumelelo kusenesikhathi. Isebenzisa amathuluzi anjenges Security Information and Practal Management (SIM) nokuphatha amapulatifomu avamile okuhlola ukungezwani okubucayi. Ukulungisa amaphutha abucayi kubalulekile kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezimisweni ezifa ezisekela izinkonzo ezibalulekile ezinjengo ukufushaza imoto, intela, noma izinzuzo zempilo. Abaningi bathi futhi bahlanganyela ku-STI-Stateal Invidual Information and Antivity Center (ISCC)[FLT] ekusongeniseni kwangempela kokuhlakanipha kanye nokubambisana.

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezinto Ezingahambi Ngengqondo Nezinhlelo Zokuqaphela

Iphutha lomuntu lilokhu liyimbangela ephambili yokuphuka. Umkhandlu weminyango yoMbuso uklama futhi unikeze ukuqeqeshwa okuphoqelelwe kokuqapha nge-inthanethi kwabo bonke izisebenzi, abakhi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izikhulu ezikhethiwe. Ukuqeqesha kuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa i-phishishi, i-phass, i-password, izinqubo zokusingatha izinqubo, nokubika umsebenzi osolisayo. Izinhlelo eziphambili zihlanganisa imikhankaso yokuphana nemishini yokusebenza ngendima esemthethweni yezisebenzi ze-IT. Ize futhi imishini ikhe izinto ezizozisiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqaphele izinkonzo zikahulumeni zokukhwaba, njengokukhwala intela noma ukweba okuzuzisayo.

Ukusabela Okusheshayo Nokuphathwa Kwayo

Uma isephukayo, iminyango kahulumeni ishukumisa amasu okusabela abekwe phambili. Ihlela ukuhlanganiswa, ukuqedwa, kanye nemizamo yokululama ezinhlanganweni ezithintekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcina ubufakazi bokugcinwa komthetho, ukuveza abantu abathintekile, nokuhlola ngaphandle kwe-unnesc lapho kudingeka. I-Post-information iholela ezimisweni ezithuthukisiwe nasekulawuleni okuthuthukisiwe. Isekeli futhi ilawula ubuhlobo nabathwali bomshuwalense we-inthane futhi ingaqondisa ukuxhumana okusezingeni elisezingeni eliphansi ukuze kulondolozwe ukwethenjwa umphakathi. Ukululama kungahilela ukubuyiselwa kwezimiso zesisekelo, ukuhlanganisa i-vrebillarial, nokusebenzisa izimiso zokulawula ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubuya.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Nemininingwane Ehlukahlukene

Amandla Omsebenzi Nemikhandlu Yokungenela

Ukungalingani okuphumelelayo kwe-inthanethi akunakuzenzekela ngokuzihlukanisa. Izigodlo eziningi zimisa imisebenzi noma imikhandlu ehlanganisa abameleli abavela ku-IT, ukugcinwa komthetho, ukulawulwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, nezinhlangano zezemisebenzi ebucayi. Lamaqembu ahlangana njalo ukuze axoxe ngobuhlakani bosongo, ukusabela okuhlangene, nokuhlela izenzakalo eziphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, i-State of Michigan Cyber Leauthonce Center[ isebenza ezindaweni ezisebenzela izinhlangano ukuze kunikezwe isivikelo esibumbene. Izinhlangano ezinjalo ezibambisana zihlangene nohulumeni bendawo, izifunda zesikole, kanye nezinto ezingase zingabi nazisebenzi ezinikezelwe i-inkonzo.

Umngane Womphakathi

Izinkampani zezingxenye zomuntu zivame ukuba namakhono athuthukile okuthola usongo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusabela. Iminyango yoMbuso yenza ukuba kube nokubambisana okungokomthetho ngokuhlanganyela izivumelwano zokwaziswa, ukuvivinya umzimba, kanye namabhodi okuqondisa. Le mifelano isiza izimemezelo ezihlala zisezimbonini zokuhlasela njengezempilo, ezezimali, namandla. Ngokubuya, abangane bomuntu siqu bayazuza ezixwayisweni zakuqala nasemaqhingeni okuvikela. Ezinye izinhlangano ziye zasungula amaqembu asabela nge-injini esizayo engxenyeni engaphansi kwesambulela ye-[FLT] Intareverdad [ uhlelo olufana nezinhlangano ezingezona ezingenisa inzuzo.

Ukuhlobana Kwamanxusa Nezinhlelo Zokuhlobisa

Iminyango kahulumeni ihlangana njalo nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezihlanganisa i-CISA, i-FBI, kanye ne-Department of Homeland Security. Izimali ezifana nezithi zithathwe i-Statent ne-Local Cybersecurity Grant Program (SLGP)[[FLG1]], zinikeza izimali zokuxhasa izisebenzi, amathuluzi, nokuvivinya. Izezomnyango kumelwe zihlangabezane nezicelo futhi zihlanganyele kaningi ekuziqeqesheni okuhlangene Isiphepho sombhuqu se-CYUT noma [FLT:] [FLT]] [[FLT:]] [FLD]]. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo ye-intersecurence i-octive i-stynalseactive profileattingstion i-modential ne-odworkingstionstionstions phakathi nezindawo ezikhulu kakhulu.

Ukusingatha Izinselele Eziqhubekayo

Imali Nemithombo Yemali Elinganiselwe

Naphezu kokugxeka kweze-inthanethi, iminyango eminingi kahulumeni isebenza ngokuncintisana nezimali eziminyaniswayo nezinye izinto eziza kuqala njengemfundo, ezokuhamba, nokunakekela impilo. Isilinganiso sombuso sichitha imali engaphansi kwesihlanu% yemali yayo yokusetshenziswa ekungakhuli. Izentengiselwano kumelwe yenze izindleko ezinzima: ukutshala amathuluzi abalulekile, ukuqasha izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe, noma ukuqeqesha ngezimali. Ukunweba imali elinganiselwe, ukuhlanganisa izinkonzo, amathuluzi omphandleko, kanye nenkokhelo yombuso. Ukwenyuka kwemali kudinga ukuhlaziywa okunelisayo okunelisayo futhi kubiza izindleko.

Ukuntuleka Okuphawulekayo Nokuzigcina Uyikho

Igebe lokusebenza nge-inthanethi lithinta zonke izingxenye, kodwa ohulumeni bezwe babhekene nezithiyo ezengeziwe. Amakheshi, izinqubo zokuqasha ezithatha kancane, namathuba alinganiselwe okuthuthuka kwenza kube nzima ukuncintisana nesigaba somuntu siqu. Imithombo yezezimali iphikisana nalokhu ngokunikeza intethelelo, ukuqeqesha iziqinisekiso, namalungiselelo omsebenzi aguquguqukayo. Bafaka futhi imali ekwakheni amapayipile angakwazi ukunyakaza phakathi kweminyango yezisebenzi zasekolishi nasemakolishini omphakathi. Ukuqeqesha i-ITS ezisekeni eziyisisekelo kuyasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezela okuthile, kodwa izindima ezikhethekile njengezingeli ezisongelayo kuhlala kunzima ukugcwalisa.

Izimiso Zokuthola Ifa Nezikweleti Zobuchwepheshe

Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zithembele ezimisweni ezindala ezinzima ukulondolozwa. Izimiso zokusebenza eziphelelwe isikhathi, kanye nezinhlelo ezingokwesiko ezingase zintule izici zokuphepha kwanamuhla noma ukusekela komthengisi. Iminyango yoMbuso kumelwe ilinganisele ingozi yokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ngokumelene nezindleko zobushiqela. Isebenzisa izimiso zokulawula ezihlanganisayo njengezingxenye ze-social, ulawulo oluqinile lokungena, nokugada izinhlelo ezithathelwe amafa. Ukufuduka kwabantu abaya ezinkonzweni zamafu kanye namapulatifomu anamuhla kuyinqubo ende yesikhathi, kodwa kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukugwema ukuphazamisa kwenkonzo.

Ukuphoqelela Umthetho Ongaguquki

Izimiso ezibuswa umphakathi zisebenza kumaqembu amaningi azimele, ngalinye elinekhono elihlukene kanye nokuzibusa kwezombangazwe. Ukulalela ngokungaguquki kuyinselele. Ezinye izinhlangano zingamelana nokuqondisa okusemzimbeni noma zintule imithombo yokuhlangabezana nezimfuneko. Iminyango yoMbuso isebenzisa inhlanganisela yemithetho, izisusa, nosizo. Iqhuba ukulandelela ukuhlolwa kwezinhlangano, inikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe, futhi ibhebhebhethekisa izindaba ezikhudlwanayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, zingagodlela izimali noma zifune ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezimisiwe. Ukwakha impucuko yokulondeka kuzo zonke izinhlangano kuthatha iminyaka eminingi yokuthembisana ngokuqhubekayo.

Usongo Olusheshayo Olubangelwa Ama - lyber

Abadlali abasongelayo bayaqhubeka bevumelanisa izindlela zabo. Izindlela ze-Fware-a-a-service, i-Ai-geneted phishing, kanye nokuhlasela okunamakethe okuhlasela kuletha izinselele ezintsha. Iminyango yoMbuso kumelwe ihlale ikhona ngezindlela zosongo zokukhokhela izikhokhelo zokuhlakanipha, i-ash, i-ash, nokufunda okuqhubekayo. Basebenzisa indlela yokulungisa futhi isebenzise izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngokusheshisa kanye nokuzivikela njengezokuzingela nokukhohlisa. Ngoba izimali nemithombo yemali ayinakufihla zonke izinsongosi, iminyango esekelwe ezingozini eziyingozi-----ovivivio izikhali ezibucayi kakhulu uma kuqashelwa kuqala izinguquko zezindawo ezisongelo.

Izindlela Ezifanele Zokusetshenziswa Kwesimiso

Ukusebenzisa Imishini Yokulawula Izingozi

Imisebenzi ye-Frames njenge-ISC Cybersecurity Framework kanye ne-Centre for Internet Security (CIS) inikeza izindlela ezihleliwe zokulawula izingozi ze-inthanethi. Iminyango yoMbuso isebenzisa lezi zici ukuze ibone, ivikele, ikwazi ukuzwa, iphendule, futhi ibuye. Ukuhlela kuhilela ukuhlola izingozi, ukwakha icebo elibekwe phambili, nokuhlola intuthuko ngokumelene nezithombe ezivuthiwe. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo olufanayo kusiza futhi ukuxhumana nabagcini-zincwadi, izishayamthetho, nokusekela imali okuqonda izindikimba ezisebenzisa izinombolo ezivamile.

Ukwamukela Isakhiwo Seqanda Sokwethembana

Izifundazwe eziningi zihamba ziqonde kuphawu lokuthemba amasampula okuvikela, acabanga ukuthi akukho msebenzisi, isisetshenziswa, noma i-net ethembekile ngokwemvelo. Iminyango yoMbuso iklama izakhiwo ezizungeze ukubekwa kwemicro-mncane, ukuqiniswa okuqhubekayo, nokungahlangani kakhulu. Ukugcwalisa i-zero kudinga ukufakwa okukhulu ekuqondiseni izimpawu, ukugcinwa kwe-alytics, no-alytics. Nokho, kunciphisa ingozi yokuhamba ngemva kokuhlehla komthetho wokuqala. Imisebenzi ye-Piercier ezinshinishini ezithile ezisizayo zizuza ulwazi olubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba i-gadial i-prese.

Ukuzenzakalela Nokuzihlela

Ukuze kunqotshwe izingcingo zezimpahla, iminyango kahulumeni ihlela imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo enjengokuphatha izikhomba-xha, ukuhlaziya i-log, nesenzakalo. Ukuvikelwa kwe-okhestra, ukuthatha imishini, nokusabela (i-OAR) kwenza amapulatifomu akwazi ukuqaphela nokuphatha ngokushesha. Imishini ezenzekelayo ingavimbela ama-IP ayingozi, izikhungo zokuhlukanisa ezinegciwane, kanye nabafaki bezikhungo ngaphandle kokungenela kwabantu. Imithombo yezekelela iqaphele ukunikeza imithetho esemthethweni evimbela ukuphumelela kwezimoto ukuze kuvinjelwe imisebenzi esemthethweni.

Ukuhlolwa Nokuvivinywa Okuqhubekayo

Ukuhlola ukuphumelela njalo kwezokulondeka--kuhlanganisa nokuhlola ukungena, ukuvivinya ithebula, nokuhlola okungavikeleki--wavalete ukuthi izimiso nokulawula kuyasebenza. Iminyango yoMbuso ihlela lemisebenzi ngokwezinga eliyingozi nelezimiso. Ukuthola i-flashboards nokubukezwa ngezindlela zokulungisa. Izimo eziningi zihlanganyela futhi ku-Cybersecurity Review [FLD] i-Nationalive Cybersetwity [NSR][, i-osessands ezihambelana ngokwazo ezisebenza ebhentshini ngokumelene nontanga futhi zikhomba izindawo zokuthuthukisa.

Ukwakha Izisebenzi Ezinekhono Ngokuqeqesha

Ngaphandle kokuqaphela okuyisisekelo, iminyango kahulumeni inikeza ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwe-IT kanye nezisebenzi zokuphepha. Iziqinisekiso ezinjenge-CISP, i-CISMU, ne- CompTIA Security+ ziyakhuthazwa, futhi eminye iminyango inikeza izinto zokutadisha nemali yokuhlola. Izandla ziqeqesha ngokuthatha izenzakalo ezithandekayo noma izenzakalo ezifanisiweyo zakha amakhono asebenzayo. Ukuqeqeshwa phakathi kwamaqembu kuqinisekisa ukufihlwa phakathi kwe-parvepo. Amaziko abuye asebenze nomnyango wezokuthuthukisa amayunivesithi nezinhlelo zokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwezesayensi yesikhathi esizayo.

Ukulinganisa Ukuphumelela Nokulandisa

Ukusebenzisa Imishini Nokubika

Iminyango yoMbuso imisa izimpawu eziyinhloko zokusebenza (KP Is) ukuze ilinganise ukuphumelela kwezinhlelo zabo ze-inthaneti. Ama-metric ahlanganisa isikhathi sokuqaphela i-MTTD, okusho isikhathi sokuphendula (MTTR), amazinga okuvumelana ngezigaba, amaphesenti ezisebenzi eziqeda ukuqeqeshwa, nezenzakalo eziningi. Lezi zilinganiso zibikwa kuhulumeni, amakomiti omthetho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umphakathi. Ukubika ngokucace kwaziswa kwakha ukwethenjwa nokusekela izicelo zemali. Nokho, iminyango akumelwe ikhiphe imininingwane esebenzayo edinga usizo.

Izincwadi Neziphetho Zokuhlola

Ukuhlola okuvamile okwenziwa abahloli bezibalo zikahulumeni noma amafemu angaphandle kunikeza ukuhlola okunenjongo kokuma kwe-inthanethi. Imikhankaso yokuhlola i-accompatel-securements. Imiphumela yokuhlola ivumelana nezimiso, izimfuneko, nezindinganiso zezemboni. Ukuthola kufakazelwe futhi kulandelwe, neminyango edinga ukunikeza amasu okulungisa. Ukuhlola kokukhululeka kanye nokuvivinya amaqembu abomvu kwembula ubuthakathaka obungabunakanwa. Imiphumela yokuphehlwa kwe-injini ngokuvamile ifingqwa ngemibiko yomphakathi ukuze kuboniswe ukulandisa.

Imijikelezo Eqhubekayo Yokuthuthuka

I-cybersecurity akuwona umzamo wesikhathi esisodwa. Iminyango yoMbuso ithatha izibonelo zokuthuthukisa eziqhubekayo njenge Plan-Do-CCHEL-Act (PDCA). Ngemva kwesenzakalo ngasinye, ukuvivinya ithebula, noma ukuphenya, iminyango iveza izifundo ezifundweyo nezivuselelwayo, izinqubo, namathuluzi ngokuhambelana. Ihlola izingozi njalo futhi ilungisa izinto eziza kuqala. Abafaki izikhungo banqamulo zezinhlangano futhi bafune usizo oluqinisekile lokuqinisekisa ukuthi intuthuko iyasebenza futhi ikhona.

Ukuphatha Ngomthetho Nokuqondisa

Abashaya imithetho nombusi bafeza indima ekuqondiseni izinhlelo ze-inthanethi. Bangase bafake izimemezelo, bacele ukufushaniswa, noma izifundo zokukhomba. Iminyango yoMbuso inikeza ukufushaniswa okunembe, okungekhona okungagunyaziwe kwezindawo ezisongelayo kanye nezinhlelo eziphumelelayo. Ukusekela okukhulu kwemithetho kungaholela ekunikezeleni izimali ezixhasa izinhlangano, iziphathimandla ezingokomthetho ekuphenduleni izenzakalo, futhi ikhiphe izimvume zokubambisana kwezinhlangano.

Isiphetho: Ukusekela Intuthuko Ekuzinzeni Okushintshashintshayo

Iminyango kahulumeni ayinakushintshelwa ekuthunyelweni ukufeza izimiso ezibanzi ze-inthaneti. Iguqula ukubona kube isenzo, ukulinganisela izingozi, izindleko, nokusebenza. Imizamo yabo yokusebenza ngokunenzuzo-enza izimiso zokuqeqesha izisebenzi nokubambisana nabantu abakanye nabo--ivikela izakhiwo ezibucayi, ivikela ulwazi lwezakhamuzi oluzwelayo, futhi igcine ukwethenjwa komphakathi ezimisweni zikahulumeni. Njengoba izingozi ze-inthanethi ziqhubeka zisebenza futhi imithombo kahulumeni iqhubeka ikhona, iminyango kumelwe iqhubeke ilungisa, isebenzisana, futhi isekela ukugcinwa kwemali. Ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi ye-inthaneti yezwe lonke kuxhomeke ekuhleleni inzuzo kanye nokunikezelwa kwalezinhlangano eziphambili.