Isingeniso: Isiqalo Sokuphepha Kokudla

Ukudla konke kudlula ngeketanga eliyinkimbinkimbi elisuka emapulazini nasedobeni kuya ezikhungweni zokulungisa izitshalo, ukusakaza, nezitolo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kuleso puleti kuphephile, kunempilo, futhi kubhalwe kahle kudinga isimiso sokuqondisa esiqinile nesisabelayo. Enkabeni yaleso simiso kunamagumbi ezolimo nempilo yomphakathi. Nakuba izinhlangano zezwe ezihlela izindinganiso zesizwe .S. Food ne Drugn Administration (FLT)[FLT] ne-US] Food Safety ne Instion Instiontiontiontionstions (FSIS).[FULSES] zihlela izindinganiso zesizwe nezokuphatha izinhlangano zezentengo yezentengo yezentengo yezwelo, izisekelo eziphethe iziqondiso zokuphepha eziqondiswe ekuhleleni, futhi zisebenza ngokusebenza ngokuqondile, futhi zivikela amabhizinisi.

Indima yeminyango kahulumeni iye yakhula ngisho nangokwengeziwe eminyakeni yamuva njengoba ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuvela kakhulu, ama-antigen amasha aqala, futhi abathengi balindele ukwanda kokubonakala. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela iminyango kahulumeni efeza ngayo umsebenzi wayo .(ukusukela ekuhloleni imfundo yomphakathi nokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwenqubo nokubambisana nezisebenzi zikahulumeni) futhi ihlola izinselele ezibhekene nazo endaweni ehlala ijikeleza njalo.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo YaseMnyangweni Wezokudla KaHulumeni

Iminyango yoMbuso isebenza ngaphansi kokulawula komnyango wezempilo kahulumeni, umnyango wezolimo, noma izinhlangano ezihlangene. Igunya lawo lisuka emithethweni kahulumeni nasemithethweni yokuqondisa ukudla, eminingi yayo efanekiselwa i-FDA Food Code[[FLT:]. Lezinhlangano zisebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi ehlanganisa wonke umsebenzi wokukhiqiza ukudla ne-aepintel.

Ukubhalisa Nokubhalisa

Ngaphambi kokuba isikhungo sokudla sisebenze, kumelwe sithole ilayisense noma ukubhaliswa kwegunya likahulumeni elifanele. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi ahlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuphepha ezilinganiselwe ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukuphatha ukudla. Iminyango yoMbuso ilawula lokhu kubhalisa, ibukeze amapulani ezakhiwo ezintsha, futhi igcine izinhlelo ezisiza ukugcinwa kwemizila. Izinga lokuhlola ngokuvamile liyithuba lokuqala lokuba abahloli bafundise abahloli ngezibopho zabo ngaphansi kombuso nomthetho kahulumeni.

Ukuhlola I - routine Nezingozi

Ukuhlola kuseyisisekelo sezinhlelo zokuphepha kombuso. Abahloli bavakashela izitolo zokudlela, izitolo zokudla, imishini yokulungisa ukudla, izindawo zokugcina impahla, nezindawo zokuhlala ukuze bahlole izimo nemikhuba. Bahlola ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa elifanele, ukuvinjelwa kokuphehlwa kwemisebe, ukuncishiswa kweziteshi zokugeza izandla, ukulawulwa kwezifo, nendle. Izifunda eziningi manje zisebenzisa izikhawu eziyingozi zokuhlola izingozi zokwenza: / ezinje ngalezo ezisiza abantu abasengozini noma eziphatha i - shaclear / orgat shortss. Lokhu kuhlola imithombo elinganiselwe lapho zingaba nethonya khona impilo yomphakathi.

Phakathi nokuhlolwa, ochwepheshe bezempilo baqinisekisa futhi ukuthi izisebenzi ziqeqeshelwe kahle futhi izinqubo zokuphatha ukudla zikhona. Baqoqa amasampula okuhlola ukucwaninga uma kudingeka, behlola ama-antimogen njenga Salmonella[, Literalitymonetic s, noma E.[FLT] O157]. Imibiko iyabhalwa ekuhloleni, enziwa ukuba itholakale ku-inthaneti ukuze ithuthukise ukubonakala nokukhiqiza.

Ukuphoqelelwa Nezenzo Zokuqondisa

Lapho kutholakala ukuphulwa kwemithetho, iminyango kahulumeni inamathuluzi amaningi okuqinisekisa. Ezindabeni ezincane, abahloli banikeza isaziso sokwephulwa futhi badinga ukulungiswa phakathi kwe-frame yesikhathi esithile. Izinkinga ezinkulu − njengokuhlasela okunamandla, ukuntuleka kwamanzi angenakho, noma ubufakazi bokugula okubangelwa ukudla okungabangela ukuvalwa kwesakhiwo. Izephula-mthetho zingabhekana nenkokhelo, ukuvalwa kwemvume yokusebenza. Iminyango yoMbuso futhi inegunya lokuthatha nokubhubhisa imikhiqizo yokudla engcolile. Le misebenzi yokuphoqesha ayisona isijeziso ngenxa yokuzingela kwayo; iklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukudla ukuba kungasheki ukufinyelela abathengi nokukhuthaza ukulalela okuhlala njalo.

Ngaphandle kwezindlela zokujezisa, izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zinikeza usizo lokuzithandela. Zinikeza izincwadi eziqondisayo, izikhungo zokuqeqesha, futhi zabela amasheya ukuba asize amabhizinisi aqonde futhi ahlangabezane nezimfuneko zokuqondisa. Lokhu kusondela okubili kuhlangene nemfundo kuboniswe kuphumelela kakhulu kunanoma yiliphi icebo.

Ukuphenya Okunamandla Nokusabela

Lapho kubikwa izifo eziningi ezibangelwa ukudla, iminyango kahulumeni yiyo yokuqala ukuphendula. Izazi zezifo zilandelela abantu abagulayo emuva ekuchayekeni okuvamile, kuyilapho ochwepheshe bezemvelo behlola izingozi zokuhlola ukudla nabathengisi. Izindawo zokucwaninga zezempilo zomphakathi zihlola amayeza kanye nokudla ukuze zibone ukuthi igciwane lihambisana nomthombo. Lo msebenzi ngokuvamile wenziwa ngokubambisana okuseduze Centers for Desiciation and Prevention (CDC)[FLT] kanye ne-NATY] njengengxenye ye-National Foodborbey Diseasease Apulveut Surveillance Sy Sy.

Uphenya lwezinga eliphakathi likahulumeni luyimihume yokusetshenziswa kwempilo yomphakathi. Kudinga ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha, ukuxhumana okusheshayo, nekhono lokuxoxa neziguli nokuhlola amarekhodi ngaphansi kokucindezela. Izifundo ezifundwa ekuqubukeni ngakunye zinikeza ulwazi ngezimiso nangemisebenzi yezezimboni, zisiza ekuvimbeleni izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuhlelwa Kwezimiso Nokubambisana Nezinhlangano Zokuhlola

Izinhlangano zokuphepha ukudla zikahulumeni azisebenzi ngokuzihlukanisa. Isimiso sokuqondisa ukudla sase-U.S. siwubudlelwane, futhi isigaba ngasinye sikahulumeni sifeza indima ehlukile. Izinhlangano zombuso zimisa izindinganiso ezifanayo zokudla okukhiqizwa emigqeni kahulumeni nasemikhiqizweni yangaphandle. Amazwe anegunya lokulawula ukudla okukhiqizwayo nokuthengiselwa emingceleni yawo, kanye nokuthengiswa kwezikhungo zokudla ezithengisayo. Nokho, umngcele awuqinile; izivumelwano zokubambisana zivumela ukuba kuthunyelwe izinhlangano zikahulumeni nokugcinwa kwemithetho yezomthetho.

Ngaphansi komthetho weFDA [FFA:0] Food Safety Modernization Act , izifundazwe ziye zanikezwa imithwalo yemfanelo emisha yokuhlola amapulazi nezindawo zokudla ezibhaliswe nge FDA. FSMA futhi yagunyaza ukumiswa kwe-FOTHFF OFD Systed Food Safety System, ethembele ezindaweni ukwenza ingxenye enkulu yokuhlolwa kwasekhaya. Ukusekela lokhu, i-FDA inikeza izimali, ukuqeqesha, nenqubo esemthethweni yokuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kwezindawo.

Ngokufanayo, i-USDA FSIS isebenzisa isimiso sokuhlola inyama, inyama yenkukhu, nemikhiqizo yamaqanda eqeshiwe, kodwa amazwe amaningi anezinhlelo zawo zokuhlola inyama uma kuthathwa izinhlelo ezincane noma ezingokwesiko. Le zinhlelo zikahulumeni kumelwe “zilinganiswe ne-” izindinganiso zikahulumeni, futhi abaculi be-USDA bazibukeza njalo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ziyasebenza.

Ukwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kukahulumeni nohulumeni kuye kwakhuliswa kakhulu amapulatifomu anjenge- FoodSHIELD ulwembu lwe-FDA oluthiwa Food Religistry [. Ukuxhumana okunakwayo phakathi nokuqubuka kwengqungquthela, izixwayiso ze-imeyili, kanye nokunyathelisa okuhlangene kunezinsongo phambi kokuba zisakazeke kabanzi. Lesimiso sokuphepha kokudla singenye samandla amandla e-U.S.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokuzivuselela Ezimisweni Zokuhlola ZoMbuso

Iminyango kahulumeni ithatha imishini yobuchwepheshe ethuthukisa ukuphumelela nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yayo yokuphepha kokudla. Izinhlangano eziningi ziye zasuka emishinini yokuhlola esekelwe kumaphepha zaya ephepheni, zivumela abahloli ukuba bathathe ukwaziswa okusezingeni eliphansi futhi bafake imibiko ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu akunciphisi nje kuphela ukuqondisa okungaphezulu kodwa futhi kwenza ukuba kuhlolwe ngokushesha kakhulu izimo ezisezindaweni nakwezindawo.

Amathuluzi okubikezela izingozi, njengaye FDA’s [FFLT:0] yokuhlola izingozi ezisekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-Multive Compliance Conficieting (PREDICT) isimiso sengozi, siyaklanywa ukuze sisetshenziswe ekhaya. Ezinye izifunda zizama ukufunda imishini ehlaziya imiphumela engokomlando, ukukhononda, kanye nezici zomphakathi zokuthola izindawo ezingase ziphulwe kakhulu. Le mininingwane ye-PREPRICT isiza ekutholeni imithombo yokuhlola izindleko zemisebenzi ephakeme kakhulu.

Ezinye intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kokuhlola amavidiyo akude ezinqubo ezithile, imishini yokuthola i-breatchain esekelwe kumabhukwana ukuze kutholakale ukubonakala kwezindawo ezingaphandle, kanye nama-apps avumela abathengi ukuba babheke amanani okuhlolwa futhi babike izinto ezikhathaza abalawuli. Ngokwesibonelo, izifunda-mazwe eziningi manje zinikeza izinhlelo zokuhlola ze-inthanethi lapho umphakathi ungathola khona imiphumela yamuva yokuhlola izitolo zokudlela nabadayisi bezokudla.

Isayensi yokucwaninga izuzise futhi ekutholeni inzuzo ekwakhekeni. Izilandelaniso zeDNA ezidluliswayo namathuluzi okuhlola asheshayo enza ukuba ama-laborafizi kahulumeni akwazi ukubona amagciwane ngamahora kunokuba athathe izinsuku, asheshisa uphengululo oluqubukayo. I-genenomcrogen yonke manje iyindinganiso yegolide yokuthola ukudla okufanayo ezindaweni ezibonisa ukudla, futhi izimboni zempilo zikahulumeni zinikeza i-operatellinet network eziphethe i-CDC.

Ukuqeqesha Nokuthuthuka Kwezisebenzi

Izisebenzi eziqeqeshwe kahle zibalulekile ukuze zikwazi ukuqondisa ukudla ngendlela ephumelelayo. Iminyango yoMbuso inikela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe wabahloli bayo, ochwepheshe bezempilo, nezisebenzi zasezindlini zokucwaninga. Izinhlangano eziningi zifuna ukuba abahloli bathole isiqinisekiso ngaphansi kwe- I-FDA’s Standard for Food Safety Inspection[ nokuqeda imfundo eqhubekayo yaminyaka yonke ngezihloko ezifana nokuvela kwezithiyo, ulawulo lwezikhothako, kanye nokuzingamisi okusanda kusetshenziswa.

Ngaphezu kokuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi, iminyango kahulumeni ithuthukisa futhi inikeze izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi bezezokudla. Izifunda eziningi zidinga izakhiwo zokudla ukuze zibe nomphathi wokudla osemthethweni ezizisebenzini. Lezi ziqinisekiso zivame ukutholwa ngesimiso esigunyaziwe, namakilasi afundiswa noma avunyelwe umnyango wezempilo kahulumeni. Amazwe futhi anikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ngokuzithandela abasebenzi bezokudla abasekhaya, abadayisi bemakethe, kanye namaphakethe okudla ahamba ngemoto, asiza abathengisi abancane ukuba bahambisane nemithetho yokuphepha kuyilapho amabhizinisi abo esebenza kahle.

Intuthuko yezisebenzi idlulela ngalé kwamakhono obuchwepheshe. Ngokuqhubekayo, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zigxila ekuxhumaneni nasekusebenziseni amasiko ukuze zikhonze abantu abahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, abahloli abangachaza izimfuneko ngeSpanishi, isiShayina, noma isiVietnamese, bangakha ukuthembana nokuthuthukisa ukubambisana emiphakathini lapho isiNgisi singekho ulimi oluyinhloko. Ukwakha ipayipi lochwepheshe abasha bokuphepha ngokuxhumana nokusebenzelana kwamayunivesithi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, inikezwa ukuguga kwabasebenza ngokuhlola kwamanje.

Imfundo Yomphakathi Nenzuzo Yabantu

Iminyango kahulumeni iyaqaphela ukuthi ukuphepha kokudla akuwona umthwalo kahulumeni nezimboni kuphela.

Izihloko ezivamile zemfundo zihlanganisa izimiso ze-“FUT BC!” `Izimiso `Qonda, Zihlukene, Zicokile, ZinguCook, futhi zibuye ziqondise ukugwema ukudla okuyingozi phakathi nokukhulelwa, ukuqonda amalebula osuku lokudla, kanye nezindlela ezifanele zokugeza izandla. Iminyango yoMbuso isakaza ukwaziswa phakathi ne-Foood Safety Education Month (Stember) kanye nomngane wesikole ukuhlanganisa ukuphepha kokudla nesikole ukuze kungene empilweni.

Phakathi nokukhunjulwa noma ukuqubuka, iminyango kahulumeni ngokuvamile iyimithombo ethenjwayo umphakathi ophendukela kuyo ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okungasheshiwe. Imishini yokunyathelisa ikhipha, ivuselele amawebhusayithi ayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imise imigqa eshisayo ukuze iphendule imibuzo yabathengi. Ukuxhumana nomphakathi okuphumelelayo akusizi nje kuphela ukuba abantu bazivikele kodwa futhi kunciphisa amathuba okwesaba noma ukusakazwa kabi.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqashwa okuvamile, ezinye izifundazwe ziye zasungula izinhlelo ezintsha ezinjengokuthi “ubika amakhadi” amaloli okudla, izixwayiso zokwaziswa ngomshini ezisemkhakheni we-inthanethi zikhumbula, kanye nezimo ezicushwa ngemishini eziqeqeshelwa izisebenzi ezidla ukudla ezisesikoleni. Lezi zimo zokuxhumana zihlangana nomphakathi lapho zikhona futhi zenze ukwaziswa okulondekile kokudla kutholakale futhi kuhileleke ngokwengeziwe.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nemithombo Yezokudla Kahulumeni

Naphezu kokuzinikezela nobuchwepheshe, iminyango kahulumeni ibhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu ezisongela ikhono layo lokugcina izinga lokuphepha kokudla eliphakeme. Inselele engapheli ukuxhasa ngemali. Imali yombuso yokuvikela ukudla ayizange ihambisane nokunyuka kwamandla emali noma ukwanda kwenani labantu. Lokhu kuholela ekuncipheni okungapheli kwezisebenzi zokuhlola, amandla okucwaninga, kanye nemithombo yokuqeqesha. Ezinye izifunda ziye zaphoqeleka ukunciphisa inqubo yokuhlola, zithembele kakhulu ekungeneni okunentengo yokukhala noma ekubekeni engozini.

Ukuswelakala kwezisebenzi kubangelwa ubunzima bokuthola futhi kugcine ochwepheshe. Umsebenzi womhloli wezokuphepha kokudla udinga amandla angokomzimba, udinga ulwazi olunzulu lobuchwepheshe, futhi ngokuvamile uhilela ukusebenza kusihlwa noma izimpelasonto ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinhlelo zezindawo zokuhlala. Okwamanje, imisebenzi yamalungu azimele esiqinisekiso esiqinile kanye nokunakekelwa kokudla kunganikeza iholo eliphezulu namahora athenjiswe kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zivame ukusebenza ngezikhala ezingasebenzi, ukwandisa izimpahla zezisebenzi ezisele futhi zifaka isandla ekukhandleni kokukhathala.

Enye inselele iwubunkimbinkimbi obukhulayo besimiso sokudla ngokwaso. Izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza ukudla − njengokukhula kwe-hydroponic, amaprotheni afuywe nge-octal, nokuthwalwa kokudla nge-inthanethi kuphela (ukungabikho lapho kubhalwa izimpawu eziningi zokudla zikahulumeni. Abalawuli kumelwe bachaze imithetho ekhona ukuze ifanelane nezimo ezintsha, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esicacile sikahulumeni. Ukunyuka kokuthengisa okuqondile kokuya ku-aya ku-am ku-makethengiso abalimi nezolimo elisekela umphakathi nakho kufiphaza umugqa phakathi kwezindawo zokuthengisa nezindawo, ukuphakamisa imibuzo ebanzi.

Okokugcina, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuletha izingozi ezintsha zokuphepha kokudla eziqala ukulwisana nazo. Amazinga okushisa aseMelika asiza ukukhula kwamagciwane anjenge Vibrio embaleni, kuyilapho izenzakalo zesimo sezulu ezingathi sína zinganqoba izimiso zokulwa namagciwane futhi zingcolise izitshalo. Amasu ombuso ahloselwe ukusungula ukubhekana nalezi zinsongozelo ezisanda kuvela.

Iziyalezo Nezimo Ezintsha Zesikhathi Esizayo

Iqaphela izinselele ezingaphambili, iminyango kahulumeni iphishekela izindlela eziningi zokwenza izinhlelo zayo zokuphepha kokudla zibe ezisebenzayo. Abaningi basekela ukuxhaswa okuthé xaxa okuvela kuzo zombili izindlu zomthetho nezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezinikeza izinhlelo. Food Safety and Inspective Service (FLT) ne [[FLT:] Control] FDA[FLT] F ] FDA zombili [izinhlelo ze-'umbuso] inyathelo lokusekela isikhundla sombuso, kuhlanganise ne-Conftiventivery Programs programs ne [FLT] ye-Monvialtical systwootial syst [FF]

Kuzo zonke izinqubo zezobuchwepheshe, ukuthatha i-blockchain-status i-' kuyahlolwa ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuba kutholakale i-instrataic reception yezithako phakathi nokuqubuka. Ukubhula okunamandla okungasetshenziswa ngobuhlakani obungenzeki kungasiza ngokushesha ukuba amazwe abhula ukuthi ukuphambana kwemithetho kuvame ukuvela, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kubekwe izikhalo. Ama-apple avumela ukuhlola okude /-aseat - ascape aphilayo ukuze aqaphele phakathi nesikhathi esingokoqobo, futhi angasenakekelelwa njalo phakathi nobhadayo lwe-COVID-19 futhi abe yithuluzi elivamile lokuhlola izinto ezilandela i-ris ephansi.

Iminyango yoMbuso ifaka futhi imali esayensini ukuze ihambisane nokudla okunolwazi. Ngokwesibonelo, isebenzisana namayunivesithi ukuze icwaninge ngezingozi zemicrobiology ezihlangene nenyama esekelwe ezitshalweni, ushizi oluluhlaza, nemikhiqizo yecannabis. Umphumela usiza ekutholeni izinqumo zenqubo esekelwe kubufakazi.

Enye indlela ethembisayo ukuhlanganisa ukudla okuphephile kanye namanyathelo empilo yomphakathi obanzi. . Ezinye izifundazwe zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokudla nemibhalo yezokwelapha egciniwe ukuze zibone izimpawu zokuqala zokugula, noma zisebenzisane nezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokulungisa ukungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile ethinta imithombo yokudla. Le “Wezampilo Ezinye” ziyaqaphela ukuhlangana phakathi kwabantu, isilwane, nempilo ezungezile.

Okokugcina, imithombo igcizelela ukubaluleka ko kokungalingani nokungaguquguquki ekulondekeni kokudla. Icabangela ukuthi abahwebi abavela kwamanye amazwe, abalimi basemaphandleni, nemiphakathi ethola imali ephansi, ikwazi ukuthola ukwaziswa nemithombo yemali elinganayo. Izinto zolimi, amaqoqo okuhlola ahamba-hamba-hamba-hamba, kanye nobudlelwane nezinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini zisiza amabhuloho.

Isiphetho: Ukuvikela Umphakathi, Ukuhlolwa Ngesikhathi

Indima yeminyango kahulumeni ekuqinisekiseni ukulondeka kokudla nokuhlola ayinakushiwo ngokudlulele. Amehlo, izindlebe, nezandla zesimiso sokuvikela ukudla sesizwe. Ngokufaka ukudla, ukuhlola, ukuphoqelela, ukusabela okuqubuka, imfundo yomphakathi, nokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo, lezi zikhungo zisebenza ngokungakhathali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla esikudlayo kuphephile. Nokho, imfuno yazo iyakhula, kuyilapho imithombo yezimali ingekho. Ukusekela iminyango yokuphepha kombuso (hdrood ) ngokusekela izimali ezanele, amathuluzi esimanje, kanye nokubambisana okuqinile kwezokulalela ukulawulwa komthetho; akuyona nje indaba yokutshala inzuzo empilweni yomphakathi nengokongantengo yezomnotho.