Ukuqonda Ukuthunywa Okungokomthetho Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni eziqondisayo ziyizinhlangano ezikhethekile ezinikwe amandla okudala, ukuchaza, nokuphoqelela imithetho esebenzisa isimiso somphakathi. Lezi zikhungo zisebenza njengengalo kahulumeni esebenzayo, ziguqula izimvume ezibanzi zemithetho zibe izindinganiso eziqondile, eziphoqelelwe. Igunya lazo lisuka ezimisweni ezidluliswa yizishaya - mthetho, eziphathisa ukubusa, ukuqinisekisa, nokusekela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ifeza imiphumela yazo ehlosiwe. Ngaphandle kwalezi zikhundla, inqubo yomphakathi ingahlala ingaqondakali, ingenazo izimiso ezisebenzayo ezidingekayo ukuze ivikele izakhamuzi, igcine izimakethekethe, igcine imithombo elungile, kanye nemithombo yemvelo.

Isifundazwe sanamuhla sokuqondisa savela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwelama-20, sisabela ezinkingeni zezemisebenzi, ezomnotho, nasesidingo somphakathi sobubonisi. Namuhla, izinhlangano ezinjenge-Entron Protection Agency (EPA), i-Escrities ne-Exchange (SEC)[FLT], kanye ne-Foood and Drugministration (FDA) iqinisekisa indlela ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ngayo ezinkingeni ezinkingeni. Umsebenzi wabo uthinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke, ekuvikelekeni kobukhazikhazi zobu bemali nasemkhazingeni lokuhweba emanzini.

Izinhlobo Zezimo Zokuqondisa

Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kucacisa indlela ukugcinwa kwemithetho yomphakathi okwabiwa ngayo ezingeni likahulumeni.

Federal vs. uHulumeni v.

  • I-Federal Active Areaty - Le esebenza ezweni lonke ngaphansi kwegunya eligunya eligunyazwe yi-Congress. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-EPA (izindinganiso ezingokwezimo), i-SEC (izimiso zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwezimali), i-Federal Commissions (FC, tecontation), kanye ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, ukuphepha emsebenzini). Imithetho yabo ihlanganisa nemithetho yombuso elula ezindaweni eziningi kodwa ngokuvamile ivumela izigaba ukuba zisebenzise izindinganiso eziqinile.
  • Isimo se-Apostation---izwe ngalinye linemikhakha yalo elawulayo, njengeminyango yezenzuzo yomphakathi, iminyango yezinga lendawo ezungezile, kanye ne-mishuwalense. Bakhuluma ngezindaba eziqondene nezomnotho nemiphakathi, ngokuvamile bebambisana nohulumeni ngezinhlelo zokugcinwa komthetho eziphathisiwe.
  • Indawo ezungezile - Izinhlangano zikaMasipala nesifundazwe ziphatha indawo, iziqondiso zokwakha, ukuhlola impilo, nezimiso zendawo ezungezile. Zisondelene kakhulu nezakhamuzi futhi zisabela ngokushesha ezidingweni zomphakathi, njengokusebenzisa izingxabano zezwe noma ukuphepha kwezindawo zokudlela.

I-Exependent v. Izinhlangano eziphethe

  • I-Profector Commissions ezizimele - Lawa avikelekile ekulawuleni umongameli ngqo, nabaphathi abasebenza ngezindlela eziqinile, ezishaqisayo. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-SEC, FCC, neFederal Trade Commission (FTC). Ukuzimela kwawo kuklanyelwe ukulinganisela ukungenela kwezombangazwe kwezobuchwepheshe, izinqumo ze-quasi-dicial.
  • Imisebenzi e-Actives - Lena ikhona phakathi kweminyango yamakhabethe (umzk., i-FDA phakathi koMnyango wezempilo noMnyango Wabantu, i-OSHA phakathi koMnyango Wezisebenzi). Inhloko ze-Agency zimiswa ngumongameli futhi zikhonza ngokwenjabulo kamongameli, zivumela ukuhleleka kwezimiso eziqondile.

Umtapo: Ukwenza, Ukufaka Insimbi, Nokubeka Imithetho

Izinhlangano eziqondisayo zenza imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko ndawonye eyakha umgogodla wokumiswa kwezimiso zomphakathi: ukumiswa kwemithetho, ukugcinwa kwemithetho nokufushaniswa kwemithetho. Umsebenzi ngamunye uhilela izinqubo ezihlukile kanye nezivikelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi uzoba necala nenqubo efanele.

Ukubusa

Ukubusa kuyinqubo lapho izinhlangano zisungula khona imithetho eningiliziwe ephoqelela imithetho edluliswa izishaya-mthetho. Ngaphansi koMthetho we-Administrative Procedure (APA), ukubusa okuningi kukahulumeni kulandela inqubo “yokulawula kanye ne-”:

  • Ukucwaninga nokuhlaziya le nkinga, kuhlanganise nokuhlola izimali nocwaningo lwesayensi.
  • Umbiko womthetho ohlongozwayo `Register' [, umema ukukhulumela komphakathi isikhathi esithile esicacisiwe (ngokusho izinsuku ezingu-30-90).
  • Ukubukezwa kwalabo abafaka imali, amaqembu ezimboni, izinhlangano zezentengiselwano, nezakhamuzi ezizimele.
  • Ukunikezwa komthetho wokugcina onesandulela esichaza indlela lenhlangano ecabanga ngayo nendlela esabela ngayo emazwini abalulekile.
  • Ukubukeza nokubukeza kwasikhathi sonke ukuze kuvumelane nokwaziswa okusha noma izimo ezishintshayo.

Lenqubo esobala ivumela ukufakwa okukhulu kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho isekelwe ebufakazini nasebukhulwini bomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubusa kwe-EPA ekukhipheni igesi eshisayo ngaphansi koMthetho we-Ceac Air Act kwakuhilela izinkulungwane zokukhulumela komphakathi kanye nokuphindaphinda ngaphambi kokuba kumiswe izindinganiso zokugcina.

Ukuphoqelelwa

Ngemva kokuba sekumiswe imithetho, izinhlangano kumelwe ziqinisekise ukuthobela. Ukuphoqelelwa kuwumsebenzi onezici eziningi:

  • [[NTL:0] Imihlola nokuhlola - Izisebenzi ze-Agency ziqhuba ukuhambela okungaqondakali emafekthri, ezikhungweni zezimali, ezikompathiswayo, nezinye izinhlangano ezilawulwayo. Izikhulu ze-OSHA, ngokwesibonelo, zihlola izindawo zemisebenzi ngezingozi zokuphepha; i-SEC ihlola amarekhodi aphuziwe.
  • I-Complainst Investigations - Izihloko ze Wistlepult, izikhalazo zabathengi, kanye nama-header avela kwezinye izinhlangano zibangela uphendlo. I-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) isebenzisa i-data yokukhononda kwabathengi ukuze ibone izindlela zokungalungisi.
  • [[NT.0] Imithetho kanye ne-Sanctions - I-Acternations zingabeka izihlawu, amalayisense okumisa, impikiswano yokuyeka iziyalezo nezideli, noma ukufuna imiyalo enkantolo kahulumeni. Ubukhulu besijeziso ngokuvamile bubhebhethekisa ukwephulwa, kudala umphumela wokuvinjelwa.
  • I- Compaliation Copative - Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza izinhlelo zokuzithandela, usizo lobuchwepheshe, kanye nezisusa zokulalela ukuvuma, njengesijeziso esincishisiwe sokwephulwa komthetho.

Ukudalulwa

Ukukhipha izigwebo kuxazulula izingxabano phakathi kwezinkampani namaqembu aphethe. Amajaji omthetho oBuphathisi (ALJ) aqondisa ukuqulwa kwamacala afana nokuqulwa kwenkantolo kodwa angakho okungokomthetho. Izinyathelo ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuvuma isikhalo noma ukuqaphela ukwephula umthetho.
  • Imihlangano yokuzwa ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe izimpikiswano eziwubala nobufakazi bokushintshana.
  • Izindlebe ezisobala zifakazelwa ngobufakazi futhi zibuthwe.
  • Ukunamathela esinqumweni sokuqala se - ALJ, esingase sikhaliswe ekhomishaneni noma ebhodini lenhlangano.
  • Isenzo sokugcina senhlangano sihlolwa enkantolo kahulumeni.

Le nqubo yokudayisa inikeza indlela yenqubo efanele kuyilapho ivumela izinhlangano ukuba zisebenzise ubuchwepheshe bazo obukhethekile emibuzweni eyinkimbinkimbi elawulayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqulwa kwe-SEC ngokumelene nochwepheshe bezezimali ukuhwebelana ngeminye imininingwane enembile nokuhlaziywa komthetho.

Okwenza Izimo Eziphuthumayo Zibe Yizinyathelo Zokubusa Komphakathi

Izinhlangano eziqondisayo zenza okungaphezu kokuphoqelelwa kwemithetho, zihlela isimiso ngobuchwepheshe bazo, zivumelanisa imithetho nezimo ezithintana namandla abo siqu futhi zisebenze njengendlela yokuhlola amandla abo. Izindawo ezintathu ziqokomisa indima yazo ebalulekile: impilo yomphakathi nokuphepha, ukuthembeka kwezentengiselwano, nokuba umphathi wendawo ezungezile.

Ukuvikela Impilo Yomphakathi Nokulondeka

Izimiso zezokuphepha zasemsebenzini zimisa futhi ziqikelelwe izimiso ezivimbela ukulimala ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. I-FDA ihlola imithi emisha nemishini yezokwelapha ukuze ivikeleke futhi iphumelele ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele abathengi − inqubo eye yasindisa ukuphila okungenakubalwa. Izindinganiso zokuphepha emsebenzini zinciphisa ukulimala nokufa ezimbonini eziphakeme. I-National Highway Traffy Safety Administration (NHTA) iveza ukuphepha kwezimoto lapho kutholakala amaphutha. Le misebenzi incike emininingwane yesayensi, ukuhlola izingozi, nokuhlola okuqhubekayo, ibonisa indlela izinhlangano ezisebenzisa ngayo ilungelo lomphakathi lokuphepha.

Phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo yomphakathi, njengobhadane lwe-COVID-19, izinhlangano ezilawulayo zajika ngokushesha. I-FDA yakhipha i-Emergency Uservations for commentations ne-albitions, kuyilapho i-CDC (nakuba ingekho inxusa elilawulayo ngokwe-se) yanikeza isiqondiso sokuthi isifunda esinolwazi kanye nokugcinwa kwendawo. Lokhu kushesha kuphela ngoba izinhlangano zinezimiso ezisungulwe kusengaphambili zokwenza izinqumo nokwenza izivumelwano zokufaka isibambiso.

Ukuhlola Izimakethe Ezinhle Nezinhle

Izinhlangano zezezimali nabathengi zilondoloza ukuthembana kwezomnotho. I-SEC iphoqelela ukuba abathengi balwe namalungiselelo okulwa nemfuyo, ifuna izinkampani ezihwebayo obala ukuze zambule ukwaziswa okunembile kwezezimali. I-FTC ilwa nokukhangisa okukhohlisayo nokuhlangana okungalawuleki. I-CFPB ilawula izikweletu zezikweletu, amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti, kanye nemali eboletwayo yabafundi ukuze ivikele abathengi ekubolekiseni imali engekhotheni. Ngaphandle kwalezi zisivikelo, izimakethengiso zingaba sengozini yokusebenzisa inzuzo, ngaphakathi kwentengiselwano, kanye nengozi engokwezimongongowamawama 2008, okwaholela ekudalweni kwe-CFPB futhi kwamandla e-SECCC.

Izinhlangano eziqondisayo zikhuthaza ukuncintisana ngokubukeza ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo nokuziphatha okunenselele okungabangela ukuncintisana.Umnyango Wezomthetho i - Antistyre Division, osebenza eduze kwe - FTC, muva nje uphishekele amacala emishini emikhulu yobuchwepheshe ngenxa yemikhuba okuthiwa iyayilwa, ugcizelela indlela enamandla yokulawula amakethe ngenkathi yobuchwepheshe.

Isivikelo Sendawo Ezungezile Nokulondolozwa Kwayo

Izinhlangano eziqondisa imvelo zimisa imithetho evikela imithombo yemvelo yezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. I-EPA iphatha i-Celean Air Act, Clean Water Act, ne- Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Ligation Act (Izimo zemvelo), phakathi kwezinye. Imisebenzi eyinhloko ihlanganisa:

  • Ukubeka izinga lomoya elisezingeni eliphansi ezweni lokungcola njenge - ozone, izinto ezihlukanisayo, nomthofu.
  • Imvume yokukhipha izimpahla eziphuma ezimbonini eziya emifuleni yamanzi.
  • Ukubona ngokweqile ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo eziyingozi zemfucumfucu futhi kwenza abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo babe necala.
  • Ukulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi eshisayo ukuze kulungiswe isimo sezulu, njengoba kusekelwa Amasachusetts v. EPA[ (2007).

Izinhlangano zendawo ezungezile zikahulumeni zivame ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zikahulumeni ngaphansi kwamanxusa, zinezela umongo kanye nomthamo wendawo. Imiphumela yokuqoqa ibiyintuthuko engcono: ukuncishiswa kwe-mog, imifula ehlanzekile, nokuvuselelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini. Nokho, izinselele ezinjengokuvela kwezinto ezingcolisayo (umz. PFAS) kanye nesidingo sokuzivuselela kwesimo sezulu kuyaqhubeka kufunwa intuthuko yezinhlangano.

Ukuhlola Icala Lezwe Langempela: Ukuphoqelelwa Kwezenzo

Ukuhlola izindaba ezithile kubonisa indlela izinhlangano eziqondisayo ezihumusha ngayo isimiso sibe imiphumela ebonakalayo.

I - SEC v. I - Indading: Icala LeGalleon

Ngo-2009, i-SEC yamangalela uRaj Rajaratnam kanye neSikhwama sakhe sothango iGaleon Group ethengisa ngaphakathi ngokusekelwe entengisweni evela kubaphathi benkampani nakubeluleki. Ingxenye yezezimali ye-SEC yasebenzisa ama-wartcap, amarekhodi entengiselwano, nobufakazi obubodwa ukuze bakhe leli cala. Ukukhomba kwecala kwaphumela ekutheni isigwebo sobugebengu kanye nokulahla amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-R32,8 kwathumela umyalezo onamandla mayelana nesibopho se-SEC emakethery. Leli cawandisa futhi ukuthuthukisa ikhono ze-data ye-SEC, okwenza ukuba kutholakale kahle kakhulu izindlela zokukhwaya ngokukhwaya.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwe - EPA: Ukuthatha Isinyathelo Samanzi Ahlanzekile Kwaphumelela

Idolobha laseLouisville, eKentucky, labhekana nesinqumo sikahulumeni ngo-2005 ngemva kweminyaka yokukhiphela indle engafakiwe eMfuleni iOhio. I-EPA noMnyango wendawo ezungezile waseKentucky kwadinga ukuba idolobha lifake imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-R3, ukuze kukhuliswe isimiso sokukhucululwa kwendle. Ngo-202020, ukukhukhuleka kwendle okuhlangene kwase kunciphe ngo 95%, okubonisa indlela izenzo zokuphoqelela okungaholela ngayo empucukweni enkulu ekhungweni yezekelo evikela impilo yomphakathi nezimiso zemvelo zasemanzini.

Ukuvunyelwa Yizidakamizwa EFDA: Ukulinganisela Ijubane Nokulondeka

Imvume yeFDA ye-exickoptor yokuqala, i-ipil moufab (Yervoy), ye-melanoma ethuthukile ngo-2011 yabonisa indima ye-iqualm ekulungiseni iziguli ngesikhathi zivikela. Lenqubo yokuhlola yahlanganisa ukuvunyelwa okusheshayo okusekelwe ekwazisweni kokuhlolwa kwe- Phase II, kulandelwa ukuhlola kwangemva kwe-market ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinzuzo zokusinda. Lesibonelo siye saba isilinganisi semithilithakatho yokususa imilaliso yomdlavuza, ebonisa indlela izinhlangano ezingazivumela ngayo izisekelo zazo ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ngaphandle kokuhlehla kokuphepha.

Izinselele Ezinkulu Ezibhekene Nezimo Eziphuthumayo

Naphezu kwemisebenzi yazo ebucayi, izinhlangano eziqondisayo zibhekana nezithiyo eziphikelelayo ezingavimbela ukugcinwa kwemithetho.

Izinkinga Zemithombo Yezinto Nezomsebenzi

Izinhlangano eziningi zisebenza ngezimali ezingahambisani nemithwalo yazo yemfanelo noma ukukhula kwezimboni ezilawulwayo. I-Office ye-Government Accounting (GAO) ilokhu iphawula ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuswelakala kwazisebenzi e-OSHA, FDA, ne-SEC njengezindaba eziphezulu. Imiphumela ihlanganisa:

  • Kuncane ukuhlola, okuvumela ukwephulwa kwemithetho ukuba kungabonakali.
  • Hlola isikhathi eside izikhathi zemikhiqizo, imvume nezenzo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhona.
  • Ukuthola nokulondoloza ikhono elikhethekile, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe njengesayensi yokwaziswa nesayensi yobuthi.
  • Izimiso zobuchwepheshe eziphelelwe isikhathi ezivimbela ukuhlaziywa kokwaziswa nokusebenzelana kwezinqubo ezihlangene.

Imizamo yokusungula, njengokusebenzisa kweFDA ubufakazi bezwe bangempela noma indawo yokwaziswa esekelwe emafwini yeSEC, idinga ukuba kusetshenziswe imali eqhubekayo engase isengozini yokusebenzisa imali.

Izingcindezi Zezombangazwe Nezezimboni

Izinhlangano eziqondisayo zisebenza embusweni wezombangazwe lapho amaqembu enzalo, amagunya akhethiwe, nombono womphakathi anethonya khona. Izindlela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuthatha i-gallery - Uma inkampani ivumelana kakhulu nezimboni ilawula, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuqashwa futhi ngaphakathi, ukufakwa kwemisebe, noma ulwazi olunamandla. I-15 Volkswagen “Diegate” yaveza ukuthi ubuhlobo obuqinile phakathi kwenkampani ne-Air Resources Board (CARB) yavumela ukukhohlisa ukuba kuqhubeke iminyaka eminingi.
  • Ukulawula okungalawuleki - Abagibeli bemali bangacindezela izinhlangano ukuba zibambezele imithetho noma zilinganise ukugcinwa kwemithetho. I-Congregal Review Act inikeza uKhongolose amandla okugumbuqela imithetho yezinhlangano yamuva, ithuluzi elisetshenziswa ngokuphindiwe ngemva koshintsho lomongameli.
  • Ithonya elisebenzayo - Omongameli banganikeza iziyalo eziphetheyo eziqondisa izinhlangano ukuba zinciphise imithwalo elawulayo noma zimise kabusha izindawo ezithile zokuphoqelela. Izincwadi eziqondisayo, njenge mendu 2020 OMB ekuhlaziyweni kwezindleko ze-benet, izinto eziza kuqala zokulungisa ngaphandle komthetho ongokomthetho.

Lokhu kucindezela kudinga izinhlangano ukuba zilondoloze ukuzimela ngezinqubo ezisobala, ubufakazi obuqinile obungokwesayensi, kanye nezivumelwano ezihlanganisa imibono ehlukahlukene.

Ukuziphendukela Kwezobuchwepheshe Nezentengiselwano

Ijubane elisheshayo lokusungula izinto lidala igebe phakathi kwemithetho ekhona nezingozi ezivelayo. Izibonelo zihlanganisa:

  • [ I-Crythopurrancy ne-Fintech - i-SEC ne-CFTC baye bazama ukuhlukanisa izinto zobuchwepheshe njengezinto ezibekelwe imvume noma izimpahla, okuholela ekungaqinisekini ukulawulwa kanye nezenzo zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho ezikwezicici ezinkulu njenge-Binance ne-CFTC.
  • Ukuhlakanipha okuzenzekelayo – i-FTC iye yasebenzisa igunya layo “kukuhlupha noma ukukhohlisa noma ukukhohlisa” ukusingatha ubandlululo ekuqasheni nasekuthatheni izikweleti, kodwa imithetho ye-AI ebanzi ihlala ihlukene phakathi kwezinhlangano.
  • Ukuhlela nokwakheka kwe-biotechnology – I-FDA yezokwelapha ezisekelwe ku-CRISPR idinga ukulinganisela impumelelo nemiphumela engaziwa yesikhathi eside, kuyilapho i-USDA ilawula izitshalo ezishintshwe izakhi zofuzo.

Imishini isabela ngamahhovisi anikezelwe (isib. i-SEC’s Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology), amaqembu asebenza ngokuphambana, nesiqondiso esithuthukisiwe. Nokho, isinyathelo sokushaya umthetho sivame ukudingeka ukuze kunikezwe iziphathimandla ezintsha noma imingcele ecacile.

Ucwaningo Lokwahlulela “Nomfundi Wemibuzo Oyinhloko”

Eminyakeni yamuva, iNkantolo ePhakeme yase-U.S. iye yasebenzisa “imibuzo ephakeme” ukuze ibeke imingcele yegunya lezinhlangano eziphethe izindaba ezinkulu zezomnotho noma zezombangazwe ngaphandle kokuba uMkhandlu uye wawaphathisa ngokucacile lawomandla. Izinqumo ezifana no- West Virginia v. I-EPA [2022]) ishabalalise i-Cec Poweral Power Plan, iphethe ukuthi i-EPA ayinakuphonsa isimiso se-part-trade ngaphandle kokugunyaza okucacile. Lemfundiso isongela ikhono lezinhlangano lokuxazulula izinkinga ezintsha . Ngokushintsha isimo sezulu kanye nokusebenza kobuso be-injini ye-mfonsportat ekhona eklanywe ngenkathi yangaphambili.

Ikusasa Lokuphoqelelwa Ukuba Kuqondiswe

Izinhlangano eziqondisayo ziyoqhubeka ziguquka zisabela ekufuneni izingcingo zomphakathi.

  • Ukubuyisela i-Drata-Driven [ - Izimo zifaka imali ekwazini kokwenziwa, ekufundeni omshini, nasemfundweni omkhulu ukuze kubonwe ukuphulwa, ukubikezela izingozi, nokuhlelwa kwemithombo yemali. Ngokwesibonelo, i-SEC’S Market Information Data Analytics System (MIDAS) ihlola umsebenzi wezentengiso ngesikhathi sangempela.
  • I-Colcative Federalism - Njengoba imithombo kahulumeni ikhandlekile, isifundazwe nezinhlangano zendawo zithatha izindima ezinkulu zokuphoqelela, ngokuvamile ngezivumelwano zokubambisana futhi zinikeze izimali. Izithunywa ze-EPA ze-Ceane Water Act zivumela uhlelo olude ukuba lufinyelelwe.
  • I-furgeral Sandbokes ne Inveration Hubs - - Ukukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha lapho kuvikelwa abathengi, amanye amanxusa azama abaxhasi besikhashana noma izinhlelo zokushayela indiza. i-CFPB’s “compate composer sandbox" ivumela izinkampani ukuba zihlole imikhiqizo emisha ngaphansi kwemithetho edambile.
  • I-Encanced Transparency ne-translation yomphakathi - Online ukwenza amatheku aphilayo, ukuzwa okunemijondolo, nokusakazwa okuthuthukisiwe kwemininingwane kwenza izinqubo zezemishini zifinyeleleke kakhulu. [ izigwebo.gov ilula ukunikeza iziphetho nokulandelana kwezindawo zomphakathi.

Ekugcineni, ukuphumelela kwezinhlangano eziqondisayo kuxhomeke ekuthembekeni komphakathi okuqhubekayo, imithombo eyanele, kanye nohlelo olungokomthetho oluvumelanisa ukuvumelana nokulandisa. Njengoba inqubo iqala ukuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu — kusukela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu esiwubhadane sembulunga yonke kuya ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu — indima yalezi zinkampani ekugunyazeni isimiso somphakathi iyoba ebucayi kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Izinhlangano eziqondisayo azizona nje izibambiso eziphoqelelwe; zingomakhi bemithetho esebenzayo eguqula inhloso yokubusa kube yinto engokoqobo yansuku zonke. Ngokuhlela ukubusa, ukuphoqelela, nokufushanisa, zivikela impilo yomphakathi, ziqinisekise ukulunga kwezentengiselwano, futhi zilondoloze indawo ezungezile. Nakuba zibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu .Izingcindezi zezesayensi, izingcindezi zezombangazwe, ukushintsha ngokushesha, nokungahleleki komthetho okungaqondakali (‘ukuzilawula kwazo kuhlala kunguphawu lokubusa kwanamuhla. Ukuqinisa izinhlangano ezilawulayo ngemali eyanele, izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe, nemithetho ecacile yezentengiselwano engokomthetho kubaluleke kakhulu uma ziqhubeka zifeza indima yazo ezweni elinamandla nelivame ukungenakuqonda. Ngokuqonda ukuthi lezi zinhlangano zisebenza, izakhamuzi, abenzi bezimiso eziphephile, futhi zikwazi ukusekela umphakathi.