Inselele Ekhulayo Yofuduko Lwamanzi

Amanzi ahlanzekile awumcebo olinganiselwe, kodwa isidingo sembulunga yonke siyaqhubeka sinyuka ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labantu, ukwanda kwezolimo, nentuthuko yezimboni. IZizwe Ezihlangene zibika ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili bahlala emazweni acindezeleke kakhulu emanzini, futhi ngo-2050, okungenani oyedwa kwabane ngokunokwenzeka uyohlala ezweni elithinteka ngokuncipha okungapheli noma okuphindaphindiwe kwamanzi. Ukuxazulula le nkinga kudinga inhlanganisela yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izimiso zobuchwepheshe, nokushintsha kwesimilo. Phakathi kwezikhambiso ezisebenzayo nezingalawuleki kakhulu kunezisusa zezomnotho [ — amathuluzi athinta ukuswelakala kwamanzi okungoko okungokongalawuleki kakhulu kanye nemigomo engoko.

Izisusa zezomnotho zisebenzisa izinqubo zezentengiselwano ukuze zikhuthaze ukulondolozwa kwemvelo, ukusebenza kahle, nokutshala izimali kubuchwepheshe bokuthutha amanzi. Ngokungafani nokugunyaza noma ukuvinjelwa okuqondile, lamathuluzi avumela abantu namabhizinisi ukuba bagcine ukuvumelana nemithetho kuyilapho ewaqondisa ezindleleni ezizuzisa isimiso samanzi esibanzi. Uma eklanywe kahle, anganciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokudela umkhiqizo wezomnotho, awenze abe isisekelo senqubo yamanzi yanamuhla.

Ukuqonda Izisusa Zezomnotho Zokulondoloza Amanzi

Inzuzo yezomnotho yinoma imuphi umklomelo wezimali noma wezinto ezibonakalayo oshukumisa ukuziphatha okukhethekile. Emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ukuziphatha okufiselekayo kunciphisa umthamo wamanzi akhishwa emithonjeni engokwemvelo noma kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwawo ngendlela ephumelelayo. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sicacile: lapho amanzi eyanda kakhulu ukuwachitha noma ukubiza ukuze alondolozwe, abantu nezinhlangano bayozivumelanisa nemikhuba yabo kanye nezindleko ngokuvumelana nalokho.

Izazi zezentengiselwano zivame ukuhlukanisa lezizisusa zibe izigaba ezimbili ezibanzi: izisusa eziqondile, njengezinxephezelo kanye nezikweleti zentela, ezivuza ukulondoloza; kanye nezisusa ezithathekayo [, ezifana nokukhucululwa noma amafase, ezijezisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile. Zombili izindlela zingaphumelela, kodwa impumelelo yazo ixhomeke endleleni ezidluliselwa ngayo, ezingeniswe ngayo, futhi zifakwe kuyo yonke indawo ezungezile.

Indima Yezimpawu Zenani

Ingqikithi yezisusa zezomnotho iwuphawu lwentengo. Uma amanzi ekhokhwa kakhulu, abathengi abanasizathu sokuwasebenzisa ngokucophelela. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, intengo yamanzi ayibonisi ukuntuleka kwayo noma izindleko zangempela zokunikeza nokwelapha. Izisusa zezomnotho zisebenza ngokulungisa lesi sibonakaliso — kungaba ngezindlela eziqondile zokulungisa noma ngemishini yezimali evuzayo. Ngokwesibonelo, indlu ethola inzuzo yokufaka indlu yangasese ephansi engenisa indleko ephansi kakhulu ayikhokhithize ngokuphumelelayo intengo ephansi yokulondoloza amanzi, ngisho noma intengo yentengo yemali yokuthenga ingashintshi.

Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zezimo Zezomnotho Ekuqondiseni Amanzi

Abenzi bezenqubo baye basungula ithuluzi elicebile lamathuluzi ezomnotho ukuze bathuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi aqinile. Ngamunye unezinzuzo ezihlukile futhi ufanelekela izimo ezithile, kusukela ezimisweni zokuhlala zasedolobheni kuya ekulimeni okukhulu.

Ukucwiliswa Kwamanzi Aboshiwe

I-tined (noma block) ikhomba izinga eliphansi lamaqoqo okuqala amanzi asetshenziswayo — ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izidingo eziyisisekelo — futhi ngokuqhubekayo amazinga aphakeme ukuze asetshenziswe ngokwengeziwe. Lesi sakhiwo silondoloza ukusebenziseka okubalulekile lapho sidala isisusa esinamandla sezimali sokugwema ukusetshenziswa kwesonakele. Amadolobha anjenge Los Angeles kanye [FLT]] ne[FLT] Cape Town[ isebenzisa imfuno eqinile ukunqanda imfuno egciniweyo ngempumelelo ekunqandweni phakathi nesomiso, ngokuvamile ukufinyelela ukuncipha kwamanzi okungu15:25% ekusetshenzisweni konyaka wokuqala wokusetshenziswa komsebenzi.

2. Zihlambulule Futhi Uzifake Ezindaweni Eziyisisekelo

Ohulumeni kanye neziphakamisi-mithi bavame ukunikeza iziphakamiso zokuthenga nokufaka izinto ezisebenza emanzini, izilinganiso, kanye nezimiso zokunisela. Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile ehlanganisa izindlu zangasese ezingasebenzi kahle, imishini yokugeza, amabhokisi okumpompa ngenkasa, nabalawuli be-mathiriyeli abahlakaniphile. Lezi zibonelo zinciphisa izindleko zangaphambili, ngokuvamile okuyisithiyo esikhulu kakhulu ekutholeni abantwana. Ngokwesibonelo, U.S.Indawo yokuvikela i-Watersensese program ye-waters, imishini yokumpompela amanzi, kanye nabalawuli abahlakaniphile. Lezi zisiza izinhlangano ukuba zisindise amagiditha ayizigidi zemali emanzini nge-rebatee.

3. Ukukhokha Intela Nezikhungo Zokukhokha Intela

Izisusa ezisekelwe entethelelweni zivumela amabhizinisi nabakhiqizi bezolimo ukuba basuse ingxenye yezindleko zokutshala amanzi eholweni labo elikhokhelwayo. Lendlela iphumelela kakhulu kakhulu emikhankasweni emikhulu yezesikali, njengokuvuselela izimiso zokupholisa ezivaliweyo ezimbonini noma ukuguqula kusukela ekuniseleni izikhukhula kuya ekuniseleni ngenkasa emapulazini. Ngenxa yokuthi intela isetshenziswa ngezimiso zemali ezikhona, ingasetshenziswa ngokwesilinganiso esiphezulu ngemishini yokulawula ephansi kakhulu.

4. Ukubhatala Ngezinkonzo Ze - Ecosystem (PES)

Izinhlelo ze-PES zibuyisela abanikazi bezindawo nemiphakathi ngenxa yokuphatha indawo yabo ngezindlela zokuvikela noma zokubuyisela imithombo yamanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-octive yamanzi ingakhokhela abalimi abahamba ngemifudlana ukuze batshale izikhawu ezivundisayo ngasemifuleni, banciphise ukuncishiswa nokukhuliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. IBhange leWorld[ lisekele izinhlelo eziningi ze-PES emhlabeni wonke, ngoba bayazi ukuthi bathuthukisa inzuzo yezomnotho ngenxa yempilo enciphekile futhi ngokuvamile baletha i-cobene engcono njenge-carbon sescuration kanye nokulondolova.

5. Amanzi Nezinhlaka

Ezindaweni ezinamalungelo amisiwe, izimakethe zamanzi zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathenge, bathengise, noma bakhokhele amanzi. Lokhu kudala isisusa esiqondile sezimali ukuze kulondolozwe, ngoba amanzi angasetshenziswa angathengiselwa omunye umsebenzisi ngenzuzo. AmaMarray-Darling Plan [ angesinye sezibonelo ezivuthiwe kakhulu, lapho ukuhwebelana kwamanzi kuye kwasiza khona ukuba kuthole izinto eziyindlala ezitholakala kalula kakhulu phakathi nesomiso. Izimakethengi zamanzi azinampikiswano — i-eversyn and cources — kodwa zibonisa amandla ezomnotho okuzingalondolozwayo, izinhlelo eziningi.

Izinzuzo Zokusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Azinzile Kwezomnotho

Lapho zisetshenziswa ngokucophelela, izisusa zezomnotho ziveza imiphumela emihle eminingi efinyelela nangaphezu nje kokulondoloza amanzi.

Izidambisa - mlilo Ezilinganiswayo Ekuzilinganiseni

Ubufakazi obuvela ezikhungweni eziningi bubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ezihlelwa kahle zokushukumisa zinganciphisa ingqikithi yesidingo samanzi nge-10-30% ezingxenyeni zezindawo zokuhlala nezezentengiselwano. Kwezolimo, okubangela ukuba amaphesenti angaba ngu-70 emisebe yokukhipha amanzi angena emanzini embulungeni yonke, izisusa ezifana nokunisela ngenkasa ezimpompayo ezimpontshelwayo zihlangene nentuthuko esebenzayo yamanzi angu-30/50% engxenyeni yesivuno sezitshalo. Lemali inqwabelana ngonyaka, ihlanganisa izinzuzo zezinganiso ezici ezicinezelwe.

Ukuvuselela Nohlobo Lobuchwepheshe Olukhuthazayo

Izisusa zezomnotho zidala ukukhangwa kwezentengiselwano ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Uma izinto ezisebenza ngemishini zinikeza abalawuli abahlakaniphile be-athone, abakhiqizi batshala imali ekuthuthukiseni ukuthembeka nokuxhumana kwabo. Uma kutholakala izikweleti zentela zokuvuselela amanzi ezezimboni, izinkampani zobunjiniyela zithuthukisa izindleko ezibizayo nezimiso zokwelapha. Lokhu kushintsha izindleko zesikhathi eside zokulondoloza imvelo futhi kusheshisa ushintsho emkhakheni wamanzi owehlayo.

Ukunciphisa Ithonya Lendawo Ezungezile

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi aphansi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka emifuleni, emachibini nasezindaweni ezinama-aquifer. Lokhu kusiza ekulondolozeni isisekelo sezindawo ezihlala izinhlanzi, kusekele inani lezinhlanzi, futhi kulondoloze izindawo ezihlala inhlabathi. Izinhlelo eziningi ezishukumisayo zihlasela izifiso ezithile zendawo ezungezile, njengokuncishiswa kwezakhi eziphuma emapulazini noma ukuvikelwa kwamanzi asendaweni ephansi kwemifula. Umphumela uzuzisa kabili: ukulondoloza amanzi nemvelo kutholakala kanye.

Ukudambisa izindleko Kuqhathaniswa Nezixazululo Ezidlayo

Ukunciphisa isidingo ngezinsika zokulungisa imfuno ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu kunokusungula amanzi amasha — ukwakha imboni yokususa igesi, ukumba imithombo ejulile, noma ukwakha ithangi elisha. Ngokwesibonelo, izindleko zokulondoloza i-litha ngezinhlelo ze-ebete zivame ukuba isithathu sezindleko zokukhiqiza ithayi elisha elisuka ekuncipheni kwamanzi angenayo. Lokhu kubiza inzuzo yenza inzuzo engokomnotho ibe indlela ekhangayo yokulungisa kokubili izifunda ezinamanzi namanzi acebile.

Izinselele Nokucabangela

Ukuphumelela kwazo kuxhomeke ekuklameni ngokucophelela nasekuqondeni okungokoqobo ukuziphatha komuntu neziphazamiso ezingokwezinhlangano.

Ukulingana Nokungalingani

Enye yezisusa eziphikelelayo zezisusa zezomnotho ukuthi zingazuzisa ngokungenakulinganiswa imikhaya ecebile . Izindawo zemishini esebenzayo ephezulu, ngokwesibonelo, zidinga inhloko - dolobha yokuthi imikhaya ethola imali ephansi ingangabi nayo. Ngokufanayo, izakhiwo ezihluzekile zingajezisa imikhaya emikhulu enezidingo eziyisisekelo. Ukubhekisa kulokhu, izinhlelo kumelwe zihlanganise usizo — njengamathuluzi akhululekile okukhipha amanzi angenisa izakhamuzi eziphansi, noma izimali ezisekelwe emalini eziqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kuhlala kungena. I-ECTCS kumele ifakwe emklamweni wezinhleloni kusukela ekuqaleni, hhayi njengokucatshangelwa.

Ukusebenza Kwemidwebo Eyinkimbinkimbi

Ukunikeza izinhlelo zokuhlola intela noma izinhlelo zokuthenga intela kudinga ukulandelelana okukhulu, ukuqiniseka, nokuqinisekisa. Imishini kumelwe ifake imali ekutholeni abathengi, ukulungiselela izinhlelo, nesiqinisekiso sohlobo lwe-code ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izisusa azinakwa ekufakeni impahla noma ekufuneni amaphutha. Izimakethe zamanzi zidinga amapulatifomu akhanyayo, amalungelo asobala empahla, kanye nokuqondisa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqashelwa noma ukugcinwa. Lezizindleko zokuphatha zingaba ezibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kumshini omncane noma imishini engaphezulu.

Izici Zokuziphatha Nezomdabu

Izisusa zezomnotho zicabanga ukuthi abantu basabela ngokunengqondo ezimpawuni zentengo, kodwa ukwenza izinqumo zangempela kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Imikhuba, izimiso zomphakathi, nesimo sengqondo ngamanzi “njengelungelo eliyikho” kungaphazamisa ithonya lokuhoxa kwemali. Ngokwesibonelo, okunye ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ukukhuphula amanani amanzi ngaphandle kokuhambisana nemikhankaso yemfundo kungase kuveze imali ebekelwe imali elinganiselwe kuphela, ngoba abantu abangakwazi ukuqaphela indlela yabo yokusebenzisa noma izenzo ezithile abangazithatha. Izinhlelo eziphumelelayo kakhulu zihlanganisa izisusa zezomnotho ngemikhankanti yezemali, imikhankanyo yamanzi, nokugweba okuqondile kwezelelwe (njengemininingwane ehlakaniphile) yokushintsha ukuziphatha.

Izithiyo Zezombangazwe Nezemithetho

Ukugcwalisa izakhiwo ezintsha ezisezingeni elisha noma izimakethe zamanzi ngokuvamile kubhekene nokumelana nezombangazwe. Abaholi bangamelana nezinga lokuphakama kwemali ngisho noma beklanyelwe ukuba babe yinzuzo engokwemali engekho hlangothini. Abalimi abanamalungelo aphezulu amanzi bangase bamelane nezimiso zokuhweba ezibekela imingcele yabo engokomlando inselele. Ukunqoba lemingcele kudinga ukwakha ukuvumelana okubanzi, ukubonisa izinzuzo ezicacile, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukubhebhebhetheka kwezinguquko. Abaphathi bemithetho ezweni nasezingeni lesizwe bangasiza ekusunguleni imithetho edinga usizo lwezobuchwepheshe.

Izimiso Zomklamo Zezinhlelo Eziphumelelayo Zezomnotho

Besebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwembulunga yonke, abaphathi bamanzi bangalandela izimiso eziningana eziyinhloko ukuze bandise ithonya lezisusa zezomnotho kuyilapho benciphisa imiphumela engahlosiwe.

  1. [ Ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asekelwe kusisekelo somsuka, inani labathengi, kanye nezimiso ezivimbelayo kubalulekile ekubekeni amanani afanele nezisusa lapho ziyoba nomphumela omkhulu khona.
  2. [ Izinti zekhombine kanye namacarothi. I-incentives zisebenza kangcono kakhulu uma zihlanganiswa nokunqanyulwa kwe-pane. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubuyiselwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo kungahlanganiswa nokuphuma kancane kancane kwe-stems engeyoyoyo-complialian.
  3. Ukuxhumana okubonisayo. kuchaza ngokucacile ukuthi kungani amazinga eshintsha noma ukuthi kungani kunikezwa i-Rebate. Sebenzisa ulimi olulula, izinto ezibhalwe ngezilimi ezimbili, nezindlela eziningi (iposi, i-imeyili, imithombo yezokuxhumana, izenzakalo zomphakathi).
  4. [[NTL:0] futhi ulungise ngokuqhubekayo. Beka izisulu ezingenakulinganiswa (umzk., ingqikithi yamalitha agciniwe, izinga lokutholwa kwezilinganiso ezisebenzayo) nokubukeza intuthuko minyaka yonke. Zimisele ukuhlanganisa iziqephu ze-primes ezibuthakathaka, izilinganiso eziphinde zinciphe, noma izimiso zokusebenza ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni.
  5. Izilinganiso ze-equctive ezilinganayo kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Izinhlelo zomklamo ezinezinto ezakhelwe iminyango ehhadlana ehhayishwayo, iziqasheli, nemiphakathi empofu. Lokhu kungahlanganisa izinkonzo zokufaka mahhala, isilinganiso esisheshiwe sama-evate, noma imiphakamo yomphakathi.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Izenzakalo Zezomnotho Ziyaphumelela

Imikhumbi Yamanzi Ehamba Ngemizulane Yase - Australia

Phakathi neMillennium Dritry (1997-2010), izimakethe zamanzi zase-Australia zabonisa ukubaluleka kwazo njengethuluzi elivumelanayo lokudayisa izinto eziyindlala. Abalimi bangathenga noma badayise izakhiwo zamanzi zesikhashana, ezivumela labo abanemisebenzi ephezulu (umz., i-orgationalordial) ukuba balondoloze imithombo kuyilapho abanye bengazuza ekulondolozeni amanzi. Isimiso sanciphisa ubuhlungu bezomnotho besomiso futhi sakhuthaza abalimi abaningi ukuba bathenge ngenkasa ngenkasa ephambili. World Bank [ izibalo zohlelo] zaphawula ukuthi ukuhweba kwamanzi kwandisa umthamo wezomnotho omthamo wamanzi phakathi kwamashumi amabili eminyaka adlule.

Ukulondolozwa Kwamanzi Ezindaweni Ezisemgwaqweni WaseCalifornia

ICalifornia sekuyisikhathi eside iyindawo yokucwaninga yezisusa zezomnotho ekuqondiseni amanzi. Phakathi nonyaka ka-2012-2016 wesomiso, umbuso wathembisa ukubuyisela injini, izinto ezisebenza kakhulu, kanye nemvula i-octives. Ukwaziswa okuvela e ] ICalinia Department of Water Resources ibonisa ukuthi lezinhlelo zasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asedolobheni ngamazinga angu-24% alingana no-2013. Crucily, uhulumeni wamukela futhi isakhiwo esinemigqale esithumela izimpawu ezicacile zentengo. Inhlanganisela ye-rebitates, i-pring, i-pringing, ne-alcul se-octivess.

Igunya Lamanzi Lesizwe Sakwa - Israyeli

I-Israel yashintsha ingxenye yamanzi yamanzi kusukela enhlekeleleni kuya emvuleni ngenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nemfutho yezomnotho. Ngokufaka amanzi ngezindleko ezigcwele, kuhlanganise nokuwasusa nokuwabuyisela kabusha, izwe lakha imakethe lapho ilondolozo ikhokha khona. Abalimi babhekana nokwanda kwe-traffage enyukayo ngokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngaphezu kwebhentshi ephambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni unikeza izimali zokunikeza ukumpompela amanzi ampompela kanye nezolimo ezinembile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo zezolimo kwanda ngokuphindwe ka-10 eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, futhi ukwanda okulinganiselwe kwesilinganiso esincane kakhulu ekusebenziseni amanzi amanzi amanzi amanzi okulahlwayo ngenxa yokulima.

Isiphetho: Ithuluzi Elinamandla Endleleni Ebanzi

Izizathu zezomnotho azizona isiliva lokuswelakala kwamanzi, kodwa ziyingxenye eyisisekelo yecebo elibanzi lokusekela amanzi. Uma ziklanywe ngokucabangela nangokusetshenziswa ngokunakekela ukulingana, ukubonakala, nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, zingabangela ukwehla okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi, ukusungulwa, kanye nokuncishiswa kokucindezela kwezinto eziphilayo ezicindezelekile. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwembulunga yonke eAustralia, eCalifornia, e-Israel, nezinye izindawo eziningi kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa izithakazelo zemali nemigomo yokulondoloza imvelo kuveza imiphumela engcono nengalawuleki.

Amanzi awusizo, futhi ukuphatha kwawo okungaguquguquki kudinga ukuba zonke izingxenye zomphakathi zihlanganyele. Izisusa zezomnotho zinikeza indlela evumelanayo, ewumngane yokwenza lokho kuhlanganyele kube okungokoqobo — kuvuza labo abalondoloza, bakhuthaze labo abaqashayo, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi amanzi ahlala etholakala kubantu, emapulazini nasemvelweni yezizukulwane ezizayo.