Table of Contents
Ukubaluleka Okukhulayo Kokusekelwa Kwezisebenzi Ezigugile
Izinhlangano namuhla zithatha isikhathi esiphawulekayo sokuzalana kwabantu, izisebenzi azigcini nje ngokuguga kodwa zihlala emakethe isikhathi eside kunezizukulwane ezidlule. NgokweBureau of Labor Statistics yaseU.S., kulindeleke ukuba ingxenye yezisebenzi ezineminyaka engu - 65 nangaphezulu ikhule kancane kancane, futhi izisebenzi eziningi zihlehlisa umhlalaphansi ngenxa yokudinga imali, ukwaneliseka komuntu siqu, noma isifiso sokuhlala zimatasa.
Lokhu kuzalana kwabantu asebegugile kuletha ulwazi olucebile, ulwazi lwezikhungo, nokuzinza emsebenzini. Nokho, izisebenzi esezikhulile zibhekene nezinselele ezihlukile zomuntu siqu nochwepheshe, okuthi uma zingaziphathi, zingaqeda ukuthembisana, zikhuphule, futhi ziqhube izindleko ezihlobene nezempilo. Sekuyisikhathi eside i-omsee Apps isetshenziswa kakhulu ekusizeni izisebenzi esezikhulile, kodwa uma zingazitholi ngokugcwele inzuzo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
I-EAP elungiselelwe kahle — ikakhulukazi evumelana nezidingo zezisebenzi esezikhulile — ingavala igebe phakathi kwabacindezeli abahlala njalo nenhlalakahle yesikhathi eside, isiza izisebenzi ukuba zilawule izinkathazo zempilo, izingcindezi zemali, imisebenzi yokunakekela, ukushintsha kwemisebenzi, kanye nezindaba zemisebenzi ezihlobene nokukhula. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ye-EAPs ekusekeleni izisebenzi esezikhulile, izinselele eziyingqayizivele ezibhekene nazo, kanye nezinzuzo ezingokoqobo zazo kokubili izisebenzi nabaqashi.
Ukuqonda Izinhlelo Zokusiza Abasebenzi
Izinhlelo zosizo zezisebenzi zibhalwe ngokusemthethweni, zihlolwa ngokuyimfihlo, zihlolwe ukuba zisize izisebenzi zixazulule izinkinga zomuntu siqu ezingase zithinte ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi. Ekuqaleni zigxile ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa, ama-EAP ashintshele ezimisweni zokusekela okugcwele ezihlanganisa impilo yengqondo, izinkinga zomshado nezomkhaya, izinkathazo zemali nezomthetho, usizi, nezingxabano zasemsebenzini.
Ama-EAP amaningi anikeza iseluleko esifushane (ngokwesibonelo izingxenye ezingu-3-6 kumagazini ngamunye) abese ebhekisa izisebenzi emfuno yomphakathi noma ekunakekeleni isikhathi eside uma kudingeka. Izinkonzo ngokuvamile zitholakala ngocingo, nge-intanethi, noma ngokuhambela i-opera, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezindleko eziqondile kumqashwa. Kuzisebenzi ezindala, lezinhlelo zinikeza indawo yokungena ehlakaniphile nethenjwayo yokusingatha izinkinga ezingase zigweme ngenxa yokwethuka noma ukungakwazi ukuqaphela.
Lapho ama-EAP ethuthukiswa futhi eklanywa ecabanga ngezisebenzi esezikhulile, aba ithuluzi elibucayi lokuthuthukisa izisebenzi ezinempilo, ezihlala ndawonye nezikhiqizayo. Isihluthulelo siwukuqonda kahle lokho izisebenzi esezikhulile ezikudingayo nokuqinisekisa isimiso esihlangana nazo lapho zikhona.
Izinselele Eziyingqayizivele Ezibhekene Nezisebenzi Ezikhulile
Izisebenzi esezikhulile ziwusizo kakhulu, kodwa futhi zibhekana nezingcindezi eziningi ezihambisanayo ezingavamile phakathi kwentsha ezisebenza nayo.
Ukukhathalela Impilo Nokulawula Isimo Esingamahlalakhona
Njengoba abantu bekhula, ukudlondlobala kwezifo zempilo ezinjengokuqaqamba kwamalunga, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kungabangela ukukhathala, ubuhlungu, nesidingo sokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha. Izisebenzi esezikhulile zingadinga izimiso ezivumelanayo ezizosetshenziswa odokotela, izindawo zokulala ngenxa yokulinganiselwa ngokomzimba, noma ukusekelwa kwezinkinga zempilo ezingokwengqondo ezinjengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okuvame ukuhambisana nokugula okungalapheki.
I-EAP inganikeza ukuqondisa impilo, imithombo yokulawula ukucindezeleka, kanye nokwelulekwa okufushane okugxile ngokukhethekile ekubhekaneni nezimo ezingamahlalakhona. Amanye ama-EAP anikeza nezinhlelo ezingcono ezihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-biotic meographic, iseluleko sokudla, kanye namasu okuvivinya umzimba ahlotshaniswa nabantu abadala.
Impilo Yengqondo Nokuzihlukanisa Komphakathi
Izisebenzi esezikhulile zingase zibe sengozini enkulu yokuba nesizungu nokuzehlukanisa, ikakhulukazi uma zilahlekelwe umngane womshado, abangane sebethathe umhlalaphansi, noma zizithola zisezindaweni zemisebenzi lapho zizizwa zihlukanisiwe khona nozakwabo abasebasha.
IMISEBENZI ifeza indima ebalulekile ngokunikeza abeluleki abagunyaziwe ukuba bathole imizwelo engokomzwelo.
Ukubonakaliswa Kobandlululo Nokungahloniphi Kweminyaka
Naphezu kwemithetho evikela izisebenzi esezikhulile, ubandlululo lusalokhu luyinkinga. izisebenzi esezikhulile zingase zizizwe zinganakwa ngokukhushulelwa esikhundleni esiphakeme, ukushiywa amathuba okuqeqesha, noma zikhungathekiswe ngokucabanga okungekuhle ngekhono lazo lokufunda ubuchwepheshe obusha.
I-EAP inganikeza ukuqondisa amandla okuhamba ngezinyawo emsebenzini, ukuqeqesha kokuqinisa imizwelo. Ingathintana ne-HR ukuze ibhekane nobandlululo futhi isize ekudaleni impucuko egcwele yobudala.
Ukuzivumelanisa Nezindlela Zobuchwepheshe Nezidingo Zokuqeqesha
Ukushintsha ngokushesha kwemishini kungaba nzima. Nakuba ubudala bungesona isithiyo sokufunda, izisebenzi esezikhulile kungenzeka azikhulanga zinolwazi olusheshayo lwemishini njengontanga abancane. Ngaphandle kokusekela okufanele, lokhu kungaholela ekukhungathekeni nasekuzizweni zinganeliseki. Izisebenzi ezisebenza nabo eziqeqesha noma ezinikeza iseluleko semisebenzi zingasiza izisebenzi esezikhulile ukuba zibe nesibindi futhi zizuze amakhono amasha, ziqikelele ukuthi zihlala zinezinzuzo.
Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yokunakekela
Inani elikhulu lezisebenzi esezikhulile liyingxenye “yesizukulwane esinesikhathi esiningi” — ukunakekela abazali asebegugile kuyilapho benakekela futhi izingane zabo siqu noma abazukulu. Ukunakekela kucindezela ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba, ngokuvamile kuphumela ekungasebenzi, ukuthatha umsebenzi womsebenzi wobuvangeli (ukusebenza lapho uphazamisekile), nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Ngokwe-National Alliance for Careares, cishe amaphesenti angu-40 abanakekeli baneminyaka engu-55 noma ngaphezulu.
Imishini inganikeza ochwepheshe bezokunakekela abadala, izimali ezingokomthetho nezingokwezimali, kanye namaqembu okusekela abanakekeli.
Ukucindezeleka Kwemali Nokungaqiniseki Ngokuthatha Umhlalaphansi
Izisebenzi esezikhulile zinezingcindezi zezimali eziningi. Abaningi babhekene nenselele yokulondoloza imali eyanele ukuze bathole umhlalaphansi kuyilapho bebhekana nezindleko ezikhuphukayo zokunakekela impilo. Abanye kungenzeka ukuthi baye babhekana nokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi noma ukudilizwa kamuva okwabaqeda imali ababeyigcinile. Ukungaqiniseki kweNhlala - kahle, ipeni lempesheni, kanye nentengiselwano yemali konke kwenezela ekukhathazekeni ngokwezimali.
I-EAP enengxenye eqinile yokweluleka ngokwezimali ingasiza izisebenzi esezikhulile ukuba zenze amalungiselelo okusingatha izikweletu, zakhe amasu okuthatha umhlalaphansi, futhi zisebenzise izindlela zokusebenzisa umshuwalense.
Izinkonzo Eziyinhloko Ze - EAP Ezizuzisa Izisebenzi Ezikhulile Ngokuqondile
Ukuze zisekele ngempela izisebenzi esezikhulile, izinhlangano kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi zikhona kulolu hlelo — noma zingahlotshaniswa — nalezi zinkonzo ezilandelayo:
Ukululeka Impilo Yengqondo Okuyimfihlo
Isikhashana, iseluleko esiqondiswe kahle sokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, usizi, nokushintsha kokuphila kuyisisekelo. Izisebenzi esezikhulile zingakhetha izingcingo noma amavidiyo ngenxa yezizathu zokuthola. Ezinye i-EAP zinikeza nokweluleka okukhethekile okungacunuliwe.
Ukuhlola Kwezezimali Nezemithetho
Ezizisebenzini esezikhulile, lezi zingasetshenziselwa ukubukeza ama - akhawunti omhlalaphansi, ukwakha incwadi yefa, ukuqonda iMedicare neSocial Security, ukuhlela indawo, noma ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nezikweletu noma ukwebiwa kwamagama.
Ukuba Nenhlala - kahle Nokuzitika Ngempilo
Izinhlelo ezigxile ekuzivocavoceni, ekudleni, ekufunzeni ukubhema nokulawula izifo ezingapheli zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukunakekela Abadala Nabantu Abanakekelayo Kusekela Imithombo Yezinto
Le nkonzo ekhethekile isiza izisebenzi ukuba zithole futhi zihlaziye amakhaya asebegugile, zisize ezindlini, zisize emakhaya, zisize abantu abadala.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemisebenzi Yokuziphilisa Nokuthutha
Izisebenzi esezikhulile ngokuvamile zifuna ukuqhubeka zikhula, kungaba ngezindima zengxenye, ukuxoxa, ukunikeza iziluleko, noma ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ama-EAP anganikeza usizo lokufuna umsebenzi, ukuphinda abhale, ukukhuthaza ukuxoxa, nokuhlola amakhono ukuze asekele lolushintsho.
Usizo Lokuphila Okulinganiselwe
Izisebenzi ezinakekela izingane, ukunakekelwa abadala, izinkonzo zokulungisa ikhaya, ezokuhamba nezinhlelo zomphakathi zisiza izisebenzi ukuba zikwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi yansuku zonke, zikhulule ingqondo ukuze zisebenze.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Eziyisisekelo Nokusekelwa Ukulutheka
Nakuba kungavamile, abantu abadala abagonyiwe ekusebenziseni kabi utshwala noma ekusebenziseni imilaliso egunyaziwe. Ukuhlola i - EAP futhi ukunikeza i - alpharal ukwelashwa nge - EAP kungasindisa ukuphila.
Izinzuzo Zokusekela Abaqashi Abagugile Ngesu Elihlangene Lokusebenzisa I - AP
Lapho izinhlangano zitshala e - EAP ezihlangabezana nezidingo zezisebenzi esezikhulile, inzuzo itholakala ngezinga elikhulu kwezebhizinisi.
Umqashi Okhuliswe Kahle Nempilo Yengqondo
Izisebenzi esezikhulile ezithola usizo olufanele zibika ukuthi ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka kuphansi. Zizizwa zibalulekile futhi ziqonda, okuhlobana ngokuqondile nokwaneliseka emsebenzini futhi kujabulisa.
Ukuzimisela Kwakho Umsebenzi Nokuthembeka Kwenhlangano
Ukuthatha indawo yezisebenzi ezikhulile ezinekhono kuyizindleko. Ukulahlekelwa ulwazi lwasebuthweni, izindleko zokuqashwa, nesikhathi esiningi sokuqashwa okusha kungagwenywa uma izisebenzi zisekelwa phakathi nenkathi yokugcina yomsebenzi. I-EAP eqinile ingaba isici esinqumayo esiqashweni esikhulile esinqumayo ukuhlala noma ukuhamba.
Ukuncipha Kwendlela Yokunakekela Impilo Nezindleko Zokungakuthandi
Ukungenela kwasekuqaleni ngezinhlelo ze-EAP zokweluleka nokulunga kungavimbela izimpikiswano ezincane ekukhuleni zibe izimo zezokwelapha ezibizayo. Abaqashwa abalawula ukucindezeleka nezimo ezingamahlalakhona bathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa zokugula ngokuphumelelayo. Ngokokuhlola okwenziwa i-Sloutee Appers Society of North America, uR5 ngamunye ofakwe e-EAP ubuyisela u-R6 kuya ku-R3, izindleko zokwelapha ezincishisiwe, kanye nomkhiqizo othuthukile.
Ukuthuthukisa Impucuko Ehlukahlukene Yasemsebenzini Ehlanganisa Abantu Nenkathi Yabo
Uma umqashi etshela izisebenzi ukuthi uzisekela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila, uthumela umyalezo onamandla. Amaqembu ahlukene eminyaka aqala kabusha, akhiqizayo, futhi ayakwazi ukumelana nezimo. I-EAP efakwe kahle isiza ekuhleleni izingxoxo ezivamile ngempilo yengqondo, ukunakekela, nokuhlela umhlalaphansi, ukunciphisa ihlazo nokwakha ukwethembana.
Ukuthuthukisa Umkhiqizo Nokuhlanganyela
Abaqashwa abangaphazanyiswa izinkinga zomuntu siqu ezingaxazululeki, izinkinga zempilo noma izinkathazo zemali bangagxila emsebenzini wabo.
Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Kubaqashi: Imishini Yokuphanga Izisebenzi Ezikhulile
Ukuze i-EAP ithinteke kakhulu kuzisebenzi esezikhulile, izinhlangano kufanele zidlulele ngalé kwendlela eyodwa yokungena futhi zisebenzise amasu ahloselwe.
Ukuthuthukisa Ngokukhuthele Isipho Sezisebenzi Ezikhulile
Izisebenzi eziningi azizi ukuthi zikhona, noma zilulaza izinkonzo zazo. Sebenzisa iziteshi eziningi ukuze uqaphele: izinto zokuqondisa, izikhungo ze-intranet, ukuqeqeshwa kwemenenja, izindawo zokuhlela umhlala-phansi, neposi eliqondile. I-Specience fiber nezinhlobonhlobo zezimpikiswano amakheli e-EAP — kusukela ezidingweni ezingokomthetho kuya ekuqeqesheni impilo.
Hlakulelana Neminye Izinhlelo Zokuthola Imali Nezinzuzo
Xhumanisa i-EAP ekuhlolweni kwempilo engekho, izinselele zobungqabavu, izingqungquthela ezingokwezimali, kanye nezinhlangothi ezisekela ukunakekelwa. Ukuqashwa kwenza kube lula ngezisebenzi ukuba zithole usizo futhi ziqinise isiko lenhlalakahle.
Abaqondisi Besitimela Ne - HR Ukuze Baqaphele Izidingo
Abaphathi bemigqa kufanele bahlonyiselwe ukubona izimpawu zokucindezeleka, ukutubeka, noma ukudideka emalungwini eqembu asekhulile ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi bangaba nemisebenzi ngenxa yobudala.
Nikeza Inkonzo Evumelana Nezimo Nefinyelelekayo
Izisebenzi esezikhulile zingakhetha ukunikeza iseluleko socingo ngezinhlelo, noma zingaba nezimo ezidinga ubuchwepheshe obuvumelanisa i-EAP. Qiniseka ukuthi umqaphi unikeza amaphuzu amaningi okungena, kuhlanganise nokusekela ucingo oluphilayo, ukuxoxa ngocingo, kanye namavidiyo angenakho ukuchaza.
Hlanganisa Nokuthola Ilungu Lomkhaya E - EAP
Kubantu asebekhulile, lokhu kusho oshade nabo noma abashade nabo kungasebenzisa futhi iseluleko, imali, nemithombo engokomthetho. Lokhu kungaba usizo ngokukhethekile kubanakekeli abanakekela abazali asebegugile.
Hlola Njalo Futhi Ulinganise Ukuphumelela
Sebenzisa ukwaziswa — amazinga okusebenzisa i - Internet, ukuhlola ukwaneliseka, nokuhlaziya — ukuze uthole amagebe asemsebenzini ezisebenzini esezikhulile.
Ukuhlolwa Kwecala: Indlela Enye Inhlangano Eyaguqula Ngayo I - EAP Yaba I - Hub Ethatha Umhlalaphansi
Inkampani enkulu yabakhiqizi yaphawula ukuthi inani elikhulu lezisebenzi esezikhulile lithatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi — ngokuvamile ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo noma ukucindezeleka ngokwezimali. Inkampani yashintsha i-EAP yazo ukuze ihlanganise ukuqeqesha umhlalaphansi okunikezelwe, ukuhlelwa kwezimali kochwepheshe abagunyaziwe bezindawo zokuguga, kanye nezinkonzo zokuqondisa imikhumbi.
Phakathi nezinyanga eziyi 18, amaphesenti ezisebenzi esezikhulile ezisebenzisa i-EAP asuka ku-8% kuya ku-27%. Lenkampane yabika futhi ukuncishiswa kwenani lezisebenzi ezikhubazeka elingu-15% phakathi kwebanga elifushane phakathi kwezisebenzi 55+ kanye nokwenyuka kwekhulu leshumi nambili lokuzigcina phakathi kwalezo nkathi engu-60-65. Ukuhlolwa kwezisebenzi eziboshwe izisebenzi eziboshweni kwathuthukiswa amaphuzu angu-18. Izindleko zokuthatha isinyathelo zingaphansi kuka-50% kumsebenzi ofanele futhi zanikeza i-ROI enciphekayo encipheni futhi zanciphisa izindleko zempilo.
Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Izindawo Eziwukusetshenziswa Okuhlelekile Emsebenzini Wokuguga
I-EAPs Programs yosizo ayisayona nje isivikelo sezinkinga. Uma iklanywe futhi iphakanyiswa, iba ithuluzi elisebenzayo elisiza izinhlangano ukuba ziqhubeke kahle endaweni ezungezile eyanda kakhulu. Ukusekela izisebenzi esezikhulile nge-EAP akubangelwa nje uzwela — kuphathelene nokuthatha izinto nge-pragmat. Ulwazi, ukuqina, nombono owenziwe yizisebenzi ezindala akunakwenzeka. Ukuvikela ukuthi inhloko yedolobha idinga ukutshala ngenhloso engqondweni, emzimbeni, nasemalini engcono.
Njengoba izisebenzi ziqhubeka ziquleka, abaqashi abahlulekayo ukubhekana nezingozi zokulahlekelwa isiphiwo sabo esiphambili kubantu abancintisana nabo — noma okubi nakakhulu, ukuze bathathe umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. labo abathatha inqubo yokuzilibazisa, yokuya e - EAP bayozithola benomsebenzi owengeziwe, oqinile nophumelelayo kuzo zonke izinhlanga zabantu.
Kukho esinye isiqondiso sokusebenzisa noma ukuthuthukisa i-EAP, hlola imithombo evela ku- Employee Consolation Society of North America (EASNA)[FLTNA] ne Ukuhlolwa kwendlela yokulawula inzuzo yobuntu (SHRM)[FLM]. [emininingwane emayelana nemisebenzi yasebekhulile, imibiko evela ku- U.S. U. U Office of Laboroundations ne CD’s Healthysilight Programme[FFLD]