Ukuqonda Iziqondiso Zezisebenzi Nethonya Lazo

Izikhulu ze-oday ziphethe isigaba phakathi kwamathuluzi alandela kakhulu akhona anikezwa uMongameli we-United States alololonga isimiso sasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Leziziqondiso zivumela umphathi omkhulu ukuba aqondise izinhlangano zikahulumeni, achaze imithetho ekhona, futhi abeke izinto eziza kuqala ngaphandle kokulinda ukuvunyelwa kombuso. Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo we-U.S. ungakhulumi ngokuqondile ngeziqondiso, zisuka kumongameli i’ igunya lesi II ku-̴ qaphela ukuba imithetho igcwaliswe ngokwethembeka i-𔄣 futhi zithathwe ekubekeni i-patronce yamandla ephethe umuntu oyedwa. Ngenkambo yomlando waseMelika, umongameli uye wasebenzisa iziyalezo zokulawula ukufinyelela inqubo enkulu, ukusabela kokwenza amashwa, nokulungisa izinqumo zawo lapho kubekwa izinqubo ze-provissionation.

Amandla ohlelo lwezikhulu asekelwe ekulawuleni nasekulawuleni kwayo. Isigqebhezana esisodwa singabuyisela izigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ekusebenziseni uhulumeni, ekuhleleni kabusha ukugcinwa kwezimiso, noma ekumiseni izinhlelo ezintsha. Nokho lobu mbuso abunakuphelela. Iziqondiso zokuqondisa kumelwe zibekwe egunyeni lomthetho-sisekelo noma abameleli bemithetho, futhi zingagumbuqelwa uma idlulisa umthetho ophikisana nomthetho, noma izinkantolo uma lomyalo udlula umongameli ̱ igunya elingokomthetho. Ukuqonda indlela iziyalezo zezikhulu ezisebenza ngayo, indlela eziye zaqala ngayo, nokuthi yimiphi imikhawulo ezifuna ukuthatha imingcele yokubusa kwaseMelika.

Lokho Okuyizimiso Eziqondisayo Nendlela Ezisebenza Ngayo

Umyalo ophethe i-athom uyisayiniwe, ubhalwe kumongameli olawula imisebenzi kahulumeni kahulumeni. Imiphumela engokomthetho yohlelo lwezikhulu ingahlukahluka: eminye imiyalo imane iqondise izinhlangano ukuba zihlole umagazini noma zibike okufinyelelwe, kuyilapho eminye idala izimfuneko ezibophekayo ezithwele iphoqelelo lezisebenzi zegatsha eziphethe. Iziqondiso eziphethe izinombolo zibalwa ngokwenzuzo futhi zikhishwe ku- Féderal Register[[, umagazini osemthethweni kahulumeni. Izimiso zezimiso ziqala ukuhlanganisa i-deek 1907, lapho uMnyango wezwe uqala ukuhlela iziyalezo ngokusebenza nangokulindelekile.

Iziqondiso zesikhulu zihlukile kwezinye izimemezelo zomongameli ezifana nezimemezelo nomongameli we-credial tranda. Izimemezelo ngokuvamile zikhuluma izindaba ezingokwemikhosi noma zimemezela izikhundla zenqubo kodwa zingaba nomphumela ongokomthetho, njengasendabeni yokulungisa noma ukukhipha indawo. Umongameli we-mestertalranda uyafana neziyalo zezikhulu kodwa akudingeki ukuba zikhishwe kuyi-Federal Register, nakuba eziningi zinjalo. I-metranda ivame ukuxoxa ngezindaba ezingokwesiko zokuqondisa noma izenzo ezithile zenhlangano ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iziyalezo ze-operation ezingokomthetho neziqondiswe ezisemthethweni.

Isisekelo esingokomthetho seziqondiso zezikhulu sisekelwe emithonjeni emithathu. Okokuqala, umongameli i-’ ugunya lomthetho-sisekelo njengomphathi wezikhulu zamabutho ahlomile unikeza amandla ezindabeni zezempi nezokuphepha zesizwe. Okwesibili, umongameli unegunya lokuqondisa igatsha eliphethe nezisebenzi zakhe ekufezeni imithetho edluliselwe yi-Congress. Okwesithathu, uMkhandlu ungaphathisa umongameli igunya lokukhipha iziyalezo ezithile, njengokugunyaza noma ukulungisa inqubo yezohwebo. Uma iKhomisha yabaphathi begunya elinjalo, iziqondiso eziwumphumela zithwala isilinganiso esifanayo esingokomthetho njengemithetho, uma nje beqhubeka behleli ezikhundleni zezihambeli zezithunywa.

Ukuthuthuka Okungokomlando Kwezimiso Zokuqondisa

Umkhuba wokukhipha iziyalezo zezikhulu uqala emuva ezinsukwini zokuqala zeRepublic. UMongameli uGeorge Washington wakhipha umyalo wokuqala wezikhulu ngo-1789, wayala abaholi beminyango ukuba balungiselele imibiko emayelana nesifundazwe seminyango yabo futhi banikeze imibono yabo ezindabeni ezidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo. Lokhu kwamisa isibonelo sokuthi amongameli banganikeza iziyalezo ezibophayo egatsheni eliphethe ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekile yemithetho.

Kulo lonke ikhulu leshumi elinethoba, iziyalezo zezikhulu zakhuluma ngezindaba eziningi zokuphatha nezokuqondisa. UMongameli uThomas Jefferson wasebenzisa umyalo wokuqondisa ukuze asungule i-paled phakathi neziMpi zeBarbary. UMongameli uAbraham Lincoln wakhipha i-Emancation Proclation ngo-1863, okuyikhonjisi ewuhlelo lobumongameli lokukhulula abantu abagqilazwe ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezwe. Umongameli u-Ulysses S. Grant wakhipha umyalo owasungula uBumendeli beMahlulele nezimiso zomthetho womthetho wombuso.

Ikhulu lama-20 leminyaka laba nokwanda okuphawulekayo ekusetshenzisweni nasekuqondisweni kwemithetho. UMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt wakhipha iziyalo zokuphatha eziningi kunanoma yimuphi umongameli emlandweni, ngokwesilinganiso saba ngu-300 ngonyaka phakathi nenkathi yakhe yokuqala. UMthetho wakhe ophethe 9066 wagunyaza ukuthuthwa nokufakwa kwe-Japane emuva futhi kubekwe umthetho wesizwe phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, isinqumo kamuva esalahlwa njengese-awulwe i-Congress Congress kanye nezinkantolo. Umongameli u-Harry S. U-Truman wasebenzisa i-der 9981 uMthetho we-Guidespread (Umthetho ophethe) ekudendeni kwezikhali, isenzo sophawu esandulela futhi sathonya amalungelo esizwe ezwe ngo-1960. Umongameli Dwenweleer wakhipha imiyalo yesikole ededese-Rock, u-Rock Arkansten, ngokukhipha i-Avidume.

Inkathi yanamuhla iye yabona abaphathi bazo zombili izikhundla bethembele kakhulu eziyalweni zezikhulu ukuze ziqhubele phambili izinhloso zesimiso. UMongameli uRonald Reagan wasebenzisa iziyalo eziphethe ukuncishiswa kwemithwalo egciniwe futhi aqondise indawo ephethe indawo. Umongameli uBill Clinton wakhipha iziyalezo zokuvikela indawo ezungezile, ukuvikela izisebenzi, nempilo yomphakathi. UMongameli uGeorge W. Bush wakhipha iziyalo eziphathelene nezimiso zokugcinwa kwemithetho yesizwe ngemva kokuhlasela kwe-September 11. UMongameli uBack Obama wasebenzisa iziyalezo zezikhulu zokusebenzisa i-Defectored Actions Accounting for Childings program, wamisa iziqondiso zesimo sezulu, wamisa iziqondiso zezentengiselwano yezindawo zomphakathi, wanyusa nemiholo encishisiwe kumthetho yezohwebova. Umongameli uDonald Trun Trun Treglen, uhulumeni wesizwe, nomthetho wezohwebon.

Inqubo Yokukhipha Uhlelo Oluqondisayo

Naphezu kombono wokuthi umongameli angakhipha umyalo ophethe, le nqubo ihlanganisa izigaba eziningana zokubukeza nokubambisana. Le nqubo iqala lapho umongameli noma izisebenzi eziphethe zeWhite House ziveza isidingo senqubo esingabhekiswa kubaphathi abaphethe. Iqembu lezimiso ezihlobene nalesi simiso, ngokuvamile lihlela ngokuvumelana nezinhlangano ezithintekile kanye neHhovisi loMongameli.

Ukubukeza Okungokomthetho Nokungokwesimiso

Umyalo womphathi wezohlelo unikezwa ihhovisi lokuphatha nohlelo lokuhlela i- kanye ne-[FLT] ISivumelwano seHhovisi Lomthetho Lezomthetho ukuze libukeze. Ihhovisi Lezeluleko ze-Legional lihlola uhlelo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi inesisekelo esiqinile esingokomthetho kuMthetho-Constitution noma umthetho. Lokhu kubukezwa kuyagxeka ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo olungenagunya elingokomthetho lungabekelwa inseleleka enkantolo futhi luthi alisebenzi. Ihhovisi Lokuphathwa kwemithetho nohlelo lokuhlola uhlelo lwemithetho yemali, izihlolo zokuhlelwa kwemali, ukuhlanganisa, nokuvumelana kwenqubo ekhona.

Ukubambisana Kwamazwe Namazwi

Ngemva kokubukeza okungokomthetho nokungokomthetho, uhlelo lokuhlela ludluliselwa ezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezifanelekile ukuze kunikezwe impendulo. Imishini ihlola ukuthi lo myalo ungqubuzana yini nemithwalo yazo yemfanelo yomthetho, ubeka izimfuneko ezintsha zokubika, noma udala izinselele ezintsha. Lenqubo yokuhlola kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga, kuye ngokuthi uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani. Izisebenzi ze House ziphikisana phakathi kwezinhlangano futhi zibukeze uhlelo lwezimpikiswano.

Ukuvunyelwa Nokusakazwa Kokugcina

Uma inqubo yokubukeza isiqediwe, umbhalo wokugcina unikezwa umongameli ukuze asayine. Umongameli angasayina umyalo emkhosini wokuhlanganisa amaphephandaba noma emhlanganweni wangasese, kuye ngemongo yezombangazwe. Ngemva kokusayina, lo myalo udluliselwa ku- Féderal Register [ ukuze unyatheliswe. Imiyalelo yezeluleko isebenza ekunyathelisweni noma ngosuku olucaciswe ngaphakathi kokuhleleka. I-AURCRCRP ithola isiqondiso sokusebenza kwendlu kaWhithi futhi iqala ukwenza imisebenzi efunwa yi-oply.

Ithonya Lezimiso Zokuqondisa

Iziqondiso eziphethe zingaveza izinguquko ezinkulu ezithinta izigidi zaseMelika. Ithonya ngokuvamile lixhomeke ekuhlelekeni, ezindaweni ezikhona zokusetshenziswa, kanye nokuzimisela kwezindawo ezizolandela ukulondoloza noma ukuguqula isimiso.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwesimiso Ngaphandle Komthetho

Enye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yeziqondiso zokulawula ukuvumela omongameli ukuba babhekane nezidingo eziphuthumayo noma babhekane nenqubo yokuhlola ngaphandle kokulibala kwenqubo yomthetho. Uma uMkhandlu uvalwa, omongameli bangasebenzisa iziyalezo zezikhulu ukuze baqhube izisekelo zabo ezingokomthetho ezikhona. Lokhu kuye kwaba okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjengomthetho wendawo ezungezile, ukugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, namalungelo omphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, iDeferered Action for Childly Acces uhlelo olusungulwe nguMongameli Obama ngo-2012 kwanikeza isivikelo sesikhashana ekudingisweni kwezinkulungwane zentsha ezazithunyelwe eUnited States njengezingane. Uhlelo olusebenza cishe eminyakeni eyishumi ngaphambi koshintsho kwezombuso namalungelo angokomthetho lushintshe ukwakheka kwalo.

Izinguquko Zokuqondisa Nezokuphatha

Imishini eminingi yezikhulu iqondisa izinhlangano ukuba zinikeze izimiso ezintsha noma zilungise ezikhona. UMongameli Clinton ’ u-Educative Order 12866 wasungula inqubo yokuhlola okubanzi okudinga izinhlangano ukuba zihlole izindleko nezinzuzo zezimiso ezibalulekile. UMongameli Trump ̱ u-Umthetho olawulayo u-Uhlelo 1371 wadinga izinhlangano ezimbili ezikhona kunoma isiphi isiphi isiphi iziqondiso esishayo. UMongameli u-Bhiden ̱ u-Umthetho ophethe u-14008 ngokushintsha isimo sezulu waqondisa izinhlangano ukuba zinciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi eshisayo. Lemiyalo i-Gregistrative i-od projective R771, ifuna ukuba kuqedwe imithetho emisha.

Ukulondeka Kwesizwe Nokusetshenziswa Kwamazwe Angaphandle

Izikhulu zezikhulu zinemiphumela emikhulu ekulondekeni kwezwe nasebuhlotsheni bakwamanye amazwe. Omongameli baye basebenzisa iziyalezo eziphetheyo ukuze bafake izijeziso zezomnotho kohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe, zivimbele ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe, zigunyaze ukuthatha uhambo lwempi, futhi zinikeze izigaba noma zihlobise ukwaziswa kwesizwe. I-Internancy Economic Effective Powers Act inikeza umongameli igunya elikhulu lokumemezela izimo eziphuthumayo zesizwe futhi ikhiphe iziyalezo zokuqondisa ezentengiselwano nezobuqondisi emazweni angaphandle. Leligunya liye lasetshenziselwa ukuphoqesha ukujezisa i-Iran, i-North Korea, i-Russia, namanye amazwe.

Imingcele Yomthetho - sisekelo Nokubukezwa Kokwahlulela

UMthetho-sisekelo ubeka imingcele ebalulekile kumongameli i-̱ ugunyazo lokukhipha iziyalezo eziphetheyo. Impoqo enkulu kakhulu ukuthi umongameli akanakwenza umthetho omusha noma izimali ezifanele ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa yinhlangano. Iziqondiso eziphetheyo kumelwe zilandelele igunya lazo eniniwini elithile elidluliswe yiSishaya-Mkhandlu noma kumongameli i-’ igunya lomthetho-mthethweni. Uma umthetho wesikhulu udlula lemingcele, izinkantolo zingawushaya.

Amacala amaningana aphawula ingqopha - mlando eNkantolo Ephakeme aye achaza imingcele yegunya lokuqondisa. Entshani i-Town Sheep and Tube Company v. Sayeyer (1952), iNkantolo yathi uMongameli Truman weqisa igunya lakhe lapho ekhipha uhlelo lwezikhulu lokuthatha izinsimbi phakathi neMpi yase Korea ukuze avimbele ukuhlasela. INkadenti yanquma ukuthi umongameli akanawo umsuka noma igunya lokuthatha impahla yangasese ekuphumeleni kwemvume ye-bukhomfa. Uma kungenziwangagunya elingaphezulu, uMahluleli uRobert Jackson ̱ ukusungula umbono owe-kancane wokuqulwa kwegunya lomongameli: umongameli i-&817; amandla akhona lapho ethatha amandla amakhulu ayo ekusebenziseni igunya lokugunya noma ukugunyaza ukubusa kwayo elingaphezulu, lapho imvume yayo i-busekese-Ase-se-se-se-seyamuntluyamu; lapho i-seyamu, lapho i-seyanyuke ya

Muva nje, izinkantolo zikhinyabeze iziyalezo zezikhulu noma ezilinganiselwe ezisekelweni ezihlukahlukene. INkantolo Ephakeme yasekela futhi ngokwengxenye yabulala uMongameli Trump ̱ ivimbela ukuhanjwa kweziyalezo Trump v. Hawaii[ [2018], ithola ukuthi umongameli wayenegunya lokulawula ukungeniswa kokungena kodwa ukuthi lo mthetho ungabukezwa ngenxa yokucwaswa kwezenkolo. Izinkantolo zavala izinhlelo zokukhokha intelela abafundi, zithole ukuthi udlulele ngaphezu kwegunya eliphathiswe egatsheni eliphethe ngaphansi kwe-Alettedmist Exptionstions Act. Lezi zibonisa ukuthi iziyalezo zezikhulu ziyakwazi ukubungamela ikomiti yokwahlulela.

Izimpikiswano Nokugxekwa Kwezimiso Eziqondisayo

Ukusetshenziswa kweziqondiso kuye kwabangela impikiswano engapheli kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukuthembela ngokweqile emiyalweni yezikhulu kululaza ukulandisa ngentando yeningi ngokuvumela umongameli ukuba adlulise amaKhongolo, okuyigatsha elilandisa ngokuqondile kumavoti. Lapho amongameli besebenzisa iziyalezo eziphethe ukuze bafinyelele izinhloso zenqubo eziye zenqaba ukumiswa uMkhandlu, bafaka engozini amandla okugxilisa amandla egatsheni eliphethe futhi bahlanekeze ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso.

Okunye ukugxeka kuwukuthi iziyalezo zezikhulu zingashintshwa umongameli olandelayo, zibangele ukungahleleki kwesimiso futhi zinciphise ukuhlelwa okudingeka amabhizinisi, ohulumeni bombuso, nabantu ngabanye. Umongameli onikeza uhlelo oluphetheyo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu noma ukufuduka angabona ukuthi uhlelo lungasuswa phakathi nezinsuku zokuthatha isikhundla. Lolu lunye umphumela lungavimbela ukuthuthuka kwezimiso eziqinile, ezithatha isikhathi eside futhi lunciphise ukuphumelela kwesenzo sikahulumeni.

Abasekeli beziyalezo zokuqondisa baphendula ngokuthi umongameli wanamuhla ufuna ikhono lokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ekusabeleni ezimweni eziphuthumayo nokuthi iSishaya-mthetho siye sanika igatsha igunya elibanzi ngenxa yokuthi alinakukwazi ukubheka zonke izimo. Baqaphela futhi ukuthi iziyalezo zezikhulu zingaphansi kokuhlola uKhongolo, okungasusa uhlelo ngokushaya umthetho, futhi ngezinkantolo, ezingaqeda iziyalezo ezidlula igunya elingokomthetho. Iqiniso lokuthi iziqondiso zezikhulu zingashintshwa amongameli abalandelayo liwukuthi, ngezindlela ezithile, isici esivelele, kunokuba kube yisihluku, njengoba ivumela ushintsho lwedemokrasi ukuba lwenze ngokhetho.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemiqondo Yamuva Ekuhlelekeni Okuqondisayo

Abameli benkathi yanamuhla baye bakhipha iziyalezo zezikhulu ngamazinga ahlukene, kodwa ukuthambekela bekulokhu ekuzisebenziseni ezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu. UMongameli Obama wakhipha iziyalezo zika-35 ezisemthethweni ngonyaka, uMongameli Trump wathatha i-55, futhi uMongameli Biden waveza isilinganiso samashumi amane phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokuqala emibili. Lamanani akhipha isilinganiso esimisiwe ngoba omongameli banamuhla bathembela futhi emisebenzini kamongameli futhi izimemezelo zokufeza izinhloso ngaphandle kokufeza inqubo yokulawula.

Ukwanda kokuncishiswa kweSishaya-Mkhandlu kuye kwaba umshayeli omkhulu owenyukayo wemithetho elawulayo. Njengoba ukuyekethisa kwemithetho kuba nzima kakhulu, omongameli baye baphendukela ekufezeni izithembiso zomkhankaso futhi baphendulele ezinkingeni ezicindezelayo. Lokhu kushukumisa kuye kwabonakala ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezinjengokufuduka, lapho iSishaya-Mkhandlu siye sahluleka ukunikeza umthetho wenguquko ebanzi amashumi amaningi eminyaka, uholela amongameli bawo womabili amaqembu ukuba asebenzise iziyalezo zezikhulu ukuze benze izinguquko ezingokwesilinganiso ukuze kubekwe izinto eziza kuqala futhi kuvumelane nezimiso ezingokomthetho.

I-Crissus futhi isetshenziswa ngokusheshiswa kokuyalwa kwezisebenzi eziphethe. Umqedazwe we-COVOID-19 washukumisela uMongameli uTrump ukuba anikeze iziyalo zezikhulu zosizo lwezomnotho, zezezimali, zezezibhedlela, nezokuthuthukisa umjovo. UMongameli uBiden wakhipha iziyalezo ezandisa i-COVID-19, izimfuneko zokugoma izisebenzi zikahulumeni, nokumisa indlela yesizwe yokusabela kobhadane. Inkinga yezimali ka-2009 yaholela uMongameli Bush ukuba akhiphe iziyalezo zikahulumeni ezigunyaza ezimakethelweni zezimali, futhi uMongameli u-Obama wasebenzisa iziyalezo zokuphatha izinkonzo ze-CHOVD Atdified Program nezindlela zokusiza.

Ukuhleleka Kwezisebenzi Nokulinganisela Kwamandla

Imiphumela emide yokuqondisa esetshenziswayo ekulinganiseni amandla phakathi kwamagatsha aphetheyo nawabemthetho ibalulekile. Njengoba amongameli bephendukela kakhulu ekwenzeni okungahlangani, uKhongoloshelwa ngezinye izikhathi uye wasabela ngokuzama ukuveza igunya lawo. Enye indlela i- i-Conational Review Act [, evumela uMkhandlu ukuba ujikije imithetho ethile yenhlangano ngezindlela ezikhucululwayo. Omunye umkhuba wokufaka abagibeli besimiso ukuba bafake izicelo zemali ezivimbela umongameli i-̱ ikhono lokusebenzisa izimali ezithile ngezinjongo ezithile.

Ezinye izazi nabakhi bezimiso baye bahlongoza izinguquko ukuze baqinise indima ye-Congress enqubweni yokuqondisa. Ukusikisela kuhlanganisa ukudinga ukuvunyelwa kwengqungquthela yezikhulu ezineziyalezo ezibalulekile, ukumisa inqubo yokubukeza iziyalezo zezikhulu ngaphambi kokuba iziyalezo zezikhulu zisebenze, noma ukusungula ikhomishane yokuhlola ukuthi iziqondiso zezikhulu zidlula yini igunya elingokomthetho. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi isimiso samanje sinikeza iziphetho ezanele nokuthi inkinga akuzona iziyalezo eziphethe kodwa ukuthi ukuthatha iqhaza ezindabeni ezibalulekile.

Ikusasa leziqondiso zezikhulu lizololongwa yizinqubo ezingokomthetho ezihlanganisa izintambo zezezombangazwe, nezici zomphakathi. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yabonisa ukuzimisela ukuhlola iziyalezo zezikhulu nokulinganisela amandla kamongameli lapho ithola ukuthi iphaphathwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthambekela ekuthatheni imingcele yezindawo kanye ne-proclation lisikisela ukuthi amongameli bazoqhubeka bencika eziyalweni zezikhulu njengethuluzi lokubusa. Umbuzo oyinhloko uwukuthi isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela kungavumelana yini nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla empathi uhulumeni ahlala elawulwa umthetho futhi ubhekene nemithetho yentando yeningi.

Izicelo Ezingokoqobo Zabenzi Bemithetho Nezakhamuzi

Kubenzi bezimiso, iziyalezo zezikhulu eziqondayo zibalulekile ekuqondiseni isimo sendawo kahulumeni. Iziqondiso eziphetheyo zidala izibopho namathuba ohulumeni bendawo, amabhizinisi abantu, nezinhlangano ezingazuzi nzuzo. Ushintsho ekuqondiseni umongameli lungaletha izinguquko ezinkulu eziphawulekayo ezimisweni ngeziqondiso zezikhulu kuphela, zithinta yonke into kusukela ekutholeni izimfuneko zendawo ezungezile kuya ekubekeni umthetho wokugcinwa kwabantu. Izinhlangano eziqondisa ukuhleleka kwezempathi yezobuso zingalindela ushintsho futhi zilungiselele ukumiswa kwenqubo noma izinselele ezingokomthetho.

Kuzakhamuzi, iziyalezo eziphethe isixwayiso sokuthi umongameli ’ unamandla adlulela ngalé kwezihloko eziphambili nezinkulumo zomkhankaso. Imisebenzi yansuku zonke kahulumeni kahulumeni ithonywe kakhulu yiziqondiso umongameli angazikhipha ngaphandle kwevoti eSivumelwaneni. Ukuqaphela komphakathi nokubopha isimiso sokuqondisa kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lamathuluzi anamandla asetshenziswa ngokufanele. Amaqembu abaphathi bezezigebengu, izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, kanye nezimemezelo zezindaba zifeza indima ebalulekile ekuqondiseni iziyalezo zezikhulu futhi zibeke amongameli ukuba bahlulele ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwegunya elingahlangene.

Isiphetho

Iziqondiso zezikhulu ziyisici esibalulekile kodwa esiphikisanayo sokubusa kwaseMelika. Zivumela amongameli ukuba benze ngokuwujuqu, bathathe isinyathelo eziphuthumayo, bathathe izimo eziphuthumayo, futhi baqhubeke nesimiso uma ukumiswa kwemithetho kungenakwenzeka noma kuthatha isikhathi eside. Nokho ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuphakamisa imibuzo eyisisekelo ngentando yeningi, ukulandisa, nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi iziqondiso eziphethe zisetshenziselwa ukufinyelela okuhle okungavamile, njengokulahla ibutho lezempi nokuvikela indawo ezungezile, kanye nokuthethelela ukulimala okungathi sína, njengokuhlangana kwamaJapane. Ithuluzi elifanayo lingaba yithuluzi lentuthuko noma umthombo wokuculahla, kuye ngokwesisekelo esingokomthetho, umongo, nangokuvikela indawo ezungezile, kanye nezombangazwe eliyizungezile.

Ikusasa leziqondiso zezikhulu liyoxhomeka ekhonweni lezinkantolo, iziKhongolo, nasemphakathini lokugcina ukuqondisa okunenjongo kwegunya lobumongameli. Njengoba ukubusa kwezombangazwe kuqhubeka futhi izimfuno zobumongameli zikhula, isilingo sokuthembela esithatheni somuntu oyedwa siyohlala siqinile. Ukuthi isimiso singalondoloza izinzuzo zeziyalezo zezikhulu kuyilapho silinganisela izingozi zazo zingenye yezinselele ezibaluleke kakhulu zokubusa zalelikhulu leminyaka elingamashumi amabili namashumi amabili. Kunoma ubani okhathalela indlela umthetho womphakathi owenziwa futhi usebenze ngayo eUnited States, iziyalezo zezikhulu zokuqonda aziyona into eyenzeka ngokwentando yomthetho.

[[[FLT: 0] Ukufunda okuphindaphindiwe: I-National Archives Federal Register igcina i-memocalement yakho yonke iziqondiso ze-operation. [[[[FLT:]]] i-American Officement project[[[FLT:]] project e-Umthetho we-Umthetho [Umthetho] e-USanta Barbara inikeza imininingwane ebanzi yezimiso ze-buphathi kanye nezinye izincwadi zomongameli. [ I-ARFLT] inikeza izinqubo zokucwaninga zezezobuchwepheshe.[FLT][FFFFF] Filg] Fited KGeneraltial. [ediase iziyalezo ezingokomthetho zomthetho]