Ukushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe Enqubweni Ye - Electoral

Indwangu yokhetho lwanamuhla ixutshwe kakhulu nemicu ye-minuctive. Kusukela ekubhalisweni kwevoti kanye naku-website yokwaziswa okusemtholampilo kuya emishinini yokuvota nasemathunjini ezokuxhumana, ubuchwepheshe manje buthinta cishe zonke izici zendlela idemokrati ekhetha ngayo abaholi bayo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuye kwaletha amathuba angenakulinganiswa okungandisa ukuhlanganyela nokulawula imifula, kodwa futhi kuye kwaveza futhi umkhankaso oyinkimbinkimbi osongela ubuqotho bokhetho. Ukuqonda izakhiwo ezihlukene zala mathuluzi kubalulekile ezikhulwini zokhetho, abaphathi bemithetho, novoti (Rofface) njengoba behamba ngenkathi behamba nge-temply software eyodwa noma i-prognuxmeticssssss orcessivey iss tracecternation ingaguqula indlela yokuhamba kwezwelozwezwezwe ngekusasa lesizwe.

Ukutholwa kwezobuchwepheshe okhethweni akuyona into ekhethekayo kodwa akunakwenzeka. Umthamo omkhulu wokwaziswa, isidingo sesivinini sokubika, nesidingo sokuthola umvumelwano kumabhodi okhetho kuqala ukuze ahlelwe. Kodwa izigxobo ziphakeme kakhulu: ukhetho kumelwe lube lulondekile futhi lubonakale kahle, kokubili lusebenza futhi lungaphinde luhlolwe. Ukulinganisela lezimfuneko kudinga ukuqondisa okuqinile, ukuhlola okuqhubekayo, nokuhlola okucacile lapho ubuchwepheshe busiza khona nalapho buphazamisa khona izimiso zedemokrasi.

Amathuba Ayinhloko Anikezwa Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhetha

Uma usetshenziswa ngokucabangela, ubuchwepheshe bungaqinisa inqubo yokukhetha ngezindlela ezingenakufana nezimiso zezandla kuphela. Amathuba ayinhloko atholakala ekutholeni amathuba anwetshwayo, ekuqiniseni isithembiso, ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba, nasekukheni ukubonakala ngaphandle.

Ukutholakala Nokubhaliswa Kwezincwadi Okwengeziwe

Ukubhalisa nge-operater kuseyitshena le-panel lomphathi wokhetho banamuhla ezifundeni eziningi. Amazwe aye asebenzisa ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo nokukuyi-inthanethi abona ukwanda okukhulu kwamazinga okubhaliswa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abasebasha nalawo asezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Ukuhlolwa kwe- kwe-National Conference of State Legislatures[ kubika ukuthi ukubhalisa nge-ilayini kunciphisa amaphutha, kunciphisa izindleko, futhi kwenza inqubo isebenziseke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe busiza ukukhetha okufinyeleleka kakhulu kokhetho ngokukhubazeka, njengokuhlola imishini ekwazi ukuvota i-ma-mail.

Izinhlelo ezihambayo kanye namawebhusayithi kahulumeni manje zinikeza ukwaziswa kwangempela ezindaweni zokuhlola, ama-alinda izikhathi, nama-collet alula. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhuhlana okukhona ekuthatheleni hlangothi ngokomlando. Emazweni anjenge-Estonia, lapho amakhadi e-email ne-metalog ejwayelekile khona, izakhamuzi zingaphonsa amabhola azo ngokuphephile kunoma isiphi isisetshenziswa esixhunyiweyo so-inthanethi, okubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganyela ekude kungaba ngcono futhi kulondekile uma kuhlelwa kahle.

Ukuhlanganyela Okuthuthukisiwe Ngomkhankaso Wamanani

Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana ashintshe kakhulu indlela abafuna ukuxhumana ngayo nabavoti. Isivumelwano esiqondile ku-Twitter, Facebook, Istagram, kanye namapulatifomu amasha sivumela ukusebenzelana kwangempela, ukuqoqa, nokusakaza. I-chweba eliphethe imitapo ekhethekile ebekwayo ngemiyalezo elungisiweyo, ukwandisa ukubaluleka kokuxhumana kwezombangazwe. Isikhungo sokucwaninga se-Pew Research [ yathola ukuthi ngo-2020 U.S. ukhetho, cishe ingxenye ye-votestruction wasebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana yezenhlalakahle ukuze ilandele izindaba zezombangazwe, futhi yabika ukuthi yabasiza ukuba bazizwe bexhunyiwe kakhulu kule nqubo.

Ngaphandle kwezokuxhumana, i-software yokulawula izinhlelo zomkhankaso nemininingwane kuvumela imikhankaso yokubona abasekeli, ukubikezela, nokunikeza imithombo yemali ngokuphumelelayo. Lendlela yokwaziswa esetshenziswayo inganciphisa indawo yokudlala yabazohlolwa abangakwazi ukukhokhela izikhangiso zethelevishini ezibizayo, ibanike ithuba lokuncintisana ngokusebenzisa imishini ekhiqizwayo nokuthola imishini efuna ukuzuza.

Ukunemba Nokushesha Emshinini Wokugaya

Imishini yokuvota ye-electronic, uma iklanywe kahle futhi ihlolwe, inganciphisa iphutha lomuntu ekuvoteni. Izimiso ze-optical scan, lapho abavoti bephawula khona amavoti ephepha abese efundwa abasebenzisi be-scanner, inikeza indlela exubile ehlanganisa ijubane lokuhlanganisa i-electronic sigate nokusebenza kwamaphepha. Iziphathimandla eziningi zokukhetha ziye zasebenzisa lezi zimiso ukuze ziveze imiphumela phakathi namahora ambalwa, zigcine umphakathi uthembise futhi ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe busekela ukuhlolwa kangcono. Ukuhlola izingozi, okusebenzisa izibalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe amanani ezinto ezibhaliwe ze-electronic, sekuwumkhuba ovamile. Lokhu kuhlola kunikeza izinga eliphakeme lokuzethemba ngaphandle kokufuna ukubala okugcwele, futhi kulula kuphela nge-software engalinganisela isilinganiso esingumfuziselo futhi iqhathanise imiphumela ezimisweni eziningi.

Ukubika Ngokubona Kwangempela Nesikhathi

I-Live drifboards nemininingwane yomphakathi kuvumela izintatheli, abafuna ukuvota, nezakhamuzi ukuba zilandelele imiphumela yokukhetha njengoba bebikwa. Lokhu kukhanya kwakha ukwethemba, ikakhulukazi uma ukwaziswa kukhishwa ngasemibhoshongweni ye-metameter egcwele mayelana neziteshi nezinqubo ezihilelekile. Amanye ama-arever anikeza i-AP Ism evumela abahlaziyi abazimele ukuba baqinisekise ingqikithi ngokumelene nokubaluleka kwezikhulu, umkhuba oye wagunyazwa yi- U.S. I-EFUFUMALIC . njenge-mark ye-becractive ye-ovation trans for transword.

Izingozi Eziphawulekayo Ezasungulwa Ubuchwepheshe Bokuvota

Ngawo wonke amathuba, ubuchwepheshe okhethweni bunengozi elinganayo noma enkulu. Lezingozi azikho nje ezicatshangelwayo; ziye zaboniswa okhethweni emhlabeni wonke futhi ziyaqhubeka ziguquka njengoba izitha zivumelanisa nezimo.

Ukusongela Nokusebenzisa I - Cyberelsecurity

Izimiso zovota ngogesi ziyizisulu ezikhangayo zabadlali besizwe, abaqondisi bezwe, nabangaphakathi abanonya. Ukuhlasela kungasukela emizamweni yokuphika ukuvota evimbela abavoti ekungeneni kumatheku e-intanethi kuya ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezishintsha amavoti noma amarekhodi okuvota. I-U.U.U.S. ukhetho lukamongameli lwazama ukungenisa izisekelo zokukhetha zikahulumeni, nokuhlola okulandelayo okuyembulwe izimiso zezimiso ze-vhoticles ezihlelwa yi-votar. Umbiko we- Brenan Center ye- Justice umniningwane ukuthi abaningi basasebenzisa kanjani imishini yokuvota ukuthi imishini yokuvota iphelelwe isikhathi nokuntula okuyisisekelo kwezindlela zokukhomba ezingokwezimbonisombululo.

Ingozi idlulela ngalé kwemishini yokuvota ngokwayo. Ukuhlasela okulandelanayo, lapho ama-ware eqala khona lapho kwenziwa noma kusungulwa khona izinhlelo ze-software, kuyingozi engapheli. Ngaphandle kwezindlela eziqinile zokusebenzisa imishini yensimbi nezokuvota, izikhulu zokhetho azinakuqinisekisa ukuthi izimiso ezizisebenzisayo azikho ezindlini ezingemva noma eziphazamisayo.

Izici Zabantu Ezibangelwa Ukungalondeki

Izindlela zokuvikela izikhali zobuchwepheshe ezingcono kakhulu zingaqedwa imikhuba yabantu emibi. Ukuhlasela okuhlasela izisebenzi zokhetho, amagama ayimfihlo aphansi nokuphatha kabi imishini yokuvota kuvame ukuhlobana. Ukuqeqesha nokuthuthukisa inqubo yokulondeka kubalulekile njengokulawula ezobuchwepheshe.

Ukungaqondi Nokungazwani Ngokwezinga Eliphakeme

Izindawo zezezindaba zezenhlalo zenza ukuba ukwazi ukusakazeka okusheshayo kokwaziswa okungamanga noma okudukisayo ngabazovota, izinqubo zokuvota, nemiphumela yokukhetha. Lokhu kudidana kungaqeda ukukhohliswa, kunciphe ukuthembana ngemiphumela, futhi kubangele ngisho nokubhikisha. Umjikelezo wokhetho wase-U.2020 wal. lwangcoliswa yizimpikiswano zamanga zokukhwabanisa ngeposi eposi, imishini yokuvota, nezincwadi zokuvota. Le mibiko yakhuliswa ngamavoti nangemikhankaso yakwamanye amazwe, kwabangela inkungu yokudidelwa eyaqhubeka ngemva kwesikhathi eside ukhetho lwagunyaziwe.

Ukulwa nokwaziswa okungaqondakali kunzima ngoba kudinga ukuphenya kwangempela yiqiniso, ukubambisana kweqophelo eliphezulu, nemfundo yokufunda yezokuxhumana. Imithetho yemithetho emisa ukubekeka kokunemba kokunemba iyaqhubeka ikhulisa okuqukethwe yi-octranomential. Ngaphandle koshintsho lwesimiso ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ulwazi luhlelwe kanjani futhi luhlangane kanjani, ubuchwepheshe buyohlala buyi-vector ukuze buxhatshazwe kunokuba bukhanyiselwe.

Ukudabuka Kwezingxenye Zemali Ngokwahlukana Kwamanani

Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bungandisa ukutholakala kwabanye, bungadala imingcele kwabanye. Ama-voter angathola i-Internet ethembekile, abantu abadala abangakwazi ukuxhumana ngemishini ye-tem, futhi imiphakathi elinganiselwe ekwazi ukuhlanganisa izinto ezibhaliwe zingazithola zingasetshenziswa ekubhaliseni nge-intanethi, ukuhanjiswa kwe-minutal blooth, noma ngisho nokwaziswa okuyisisekelo kokhetho. Ucwaningo lwamashumi amabili ananye lwe-Pew Research Center[ lubonisa ukuthi cishe 7% ye-U.S. Namanje abantu abadala abasayisebenzisi i-intanethi ye-intanethi, futhi leyo ngamaphesenti aphakeme phakathi kwasemaphandleni naphakathi kwenani elingenayo.

Ngokufanayo, ukuncika okwandayo kuma-apps ahamba-hamba ezindaweni zokuhlola ukwaziswa kuthatha ulwazi olusemngciphekweni. Ezizweni eziningi, imizamo yokuvota ibhekene nokumangalelwa kwamaqembu akhubazekile alwela amalungelo omphakathi aphikisa ngokuthi izinhlelo ezinjalo azikwazi ukusekela labo abangenakho ukufunda ngemishini noma ukufinyelela. Isimiso sokuhlanganyela emhlabeni wonke sifuna ukuba abenzi bevoti bangaphoqelelwa ukuba basebenzise ubuchwepheshe abangakwazi ukubulawula.

Izindaba Zomuntu Siqu Nezokuphepha

Izindawo zokubhalisa ezinemininingwane ethinta inhliziyo: amagama, amakheli, izinxulumani, ngezinye izikhathi nezinombolo zelayisense yomshayeli noma izinombolo ze-Social Security eziyingxenye. Uma le mishini iphulwa, imiphumela idlulela ngalé kobuqotho bokhetho ekubiweni nasekuhlukunyezweni. Izinhlelo zokuxhumana zomphakathi ezisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa amabhola noma ukuvota amathuluzi kumelwe ziklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze kudalulwe ulwazi oluncane oludingekayo. Ukudayisa phakathi kokukhanya nokufihla imfihlo kubuyekelele ukushukuma kokhetho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwabathengisi bengxenye yesithathu ekukhipheni ivoti kanye nokuhlaziywa kokwaziswa kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi umniningo ugcinwa kanjani, wabelane ngayiphi indlela, futhi uvikelwe kanjani. Imikhankaso ivame ukuthenga amafayela omvoti kubabambi-mininingwane, futhi kunemithetho elinganiselwe elawula indlela leyo mininingwane engasetshenziswa ngayo noma ukuthi kumelwe isuswe ngayo ngemva komjikelezo wokhetho.

Ukuhlola Izifo Zezwe: Impumelelo Nokwehluleka

Ukuhlola izindlela ezithile zokuphumelela kuyasiza ekuvezeni imiphumela engokoqobo yokukhetha ubuchwepheshe bokhetho.

Isimiso Sokuvula E - Estonia Esiphayonayo

I-Estonia iye yasebenzisa isimiso sokuvota esisekelwe kuyi-Internet kusukela ngo-2005. Izakhamuzi zisebenzisa ikhadi le-ID le-inthanethi lesizwe ukuqinisekisa futhi ziphoqelela amavoti azo kunoma yiyiphi i-inthanethi e-internet. Isimiso sisebenzisa i-emeopera-kuyi-emva futhi sivumela abavoti ukuba baqinisekise ukuthi amavoti abo abhalelwe kahle. Naphezu kokuphumelela kwazo ekwandiseni phakathi kwe-eactrite-avvy ne-avy contion, lesi simiso siye sabhekana nokugxekwa kokhuseleko kubacwaningi be-ikhomputer-data abaphikisa ukuthi i-data ye-ikhomforiotam ngaphandle kokuthola. I-Estoni ikhuluma ngale zincwadi eziqhubekayo nangesisekelo sokhetho lwezwe lonke. Isalokhu ihola isibonelo salokho okungase kwenziwe ngohlelo oluqinile nangesiko lwezimboni.

Imishini Yobuchwepheshe YaseNdiya

INdiya isebenzisa imishini yokuvota yamaelectal (EVM) kunoma yiziphi izinqumo zesizwe. Lemishini iyimishini ekwazi ukubhalisa ngaphandle kokuxhumanisa i-sociation, enciphisa ingozi yokugawulwa kwe-create. Nokho, iye yaba yimpikiswano, kanye namaqembu aphikisayo asho ukuthi ingaguqulwa. Ekuphenduleni, i-Ecount Commission esungulwe i-votar-partum i-partums (VPATs) ivumela abavotis amaphepha abhaliwe ukubona i-slip ukuqinisekisa ivoti yawo. I-Mitheligi ye-m ye-octal ye-VVVPAT ihlolelwa ukuqinisekisa ingqikithi ye-EVMS. Le projectal ibonisa ukuthi ngisho nemishini engenziwa ngenethiyo idinga ukuhlolwa ukuze igcine ukuqiniseka komphakathi.

Ukukhethwa Kwe - U.S. Nokufeza Indima Yobuchwepheshe

Ukhetho lwama - 2020 lukamongameli wase-U.S. lwaluwukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshi bokhetho okucindezelayo. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kokuvota ngeposi ngenxa yobhadane kwaholela ekungeniseni okukhulu kwemishini yokuhlola ephezulu nemishini yokuvula imvilophu. Nakuba ukhetho lwabhekwa njengolondekile ochwepheshe bezentengiselwano ze-inthaneti, ukusho okungamanga kokukhwabanisa okusakazekele kwabhebhebhethekisa inkinga yokuthembana. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwengozi yokulinganisela izibalo nezincwadi kwasiza ekuboniseni ukunemba imiphumela, kodwa umkhankaso wokukhipha i-evilogie wasusela kakade emonakalweni okuhlala njalo. Lendaba iqokomisa ukuthi ukuphepha kobuchwepheshe kuphela akwanele; ukuxhumana nemfundo yomphakathi kubucayi ngokufanayo.

Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Zesikhathi Esizayo Nethonya Lazo

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, amathuluzi amasha athembisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuphinde akhethe, kodwa futhi aletha izinselele ezintsha okumelwe zixazululwe ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukuhlakanipha Kokwenza Imikhankaso Nokwaziswa

I-AI ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ama-minethi amakhulu ukubikezela ukuziphatha kovota, ukwenza kube nokusetshenziswa okufanele, kanye nokuthumela imiyalezo ngokwezinga lomuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kungandisa ukuphumelela kwemikhankaso kodwa futhi kukhulise ukukhathazeka ngokufakwa kwemicro nokusetshenziswa kwe-acerative AI. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-generative AI ukuze kuklame ama-diodic kodwa enziwe ngendlela engokoqobo, ividiyo, ne-text – ebizwa ngokuthi ama-fiefakes. Kukhetho oluseduze, ividiyo eyinkohliso yokwenza inkulumo eyihlazo engabangela ishwa i-projectal ingasusa igciwane ngaphambi kokuba inciphe. Ezinye izifunda ze-Genergies kakade sezidlulise imithetho efuna ama-aldies ezombangazwe ezisuphene, kodwa kuhlala kunzima ukugcinwa.

Izithobo eziningizayo ze-Al

Ohlangothini lokuzivikela, i-Al ingasiza ekuboneni ukuziphatha okungaqondani okuhlangene kwe-social yezokuxhumana, inqanyule umsebenzi osolekayo emitatsheni yokubhalisa yamavoti, futhi isihluthulelo siyoba ukuwasebenzisa ngokukhanyayo lamathuluzi futhi ngokuqondisa komuntu ugweme izinhlelo ezibonisa ubandlululo noma ezibanzi ezingase ziphazamise ukubhaxazululwa.

Ukuvimbela Nobuchwepheshe Obuqondisayo

Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi i-blockchain inikeza irekhodi elibonisayo, elingenakuguqulwa lamavoti elingaqinisekiswa ngokwayo. Imisebenzi enjengoVoatz iye yahlolwa okhethweni oluncane e-United States, kodwa baye babhekana nokugxekwa okunzima kubacwaningi bokulondeka abaveza ukuthi isithiyo asixazululi izinkinga eziyisisekelo zokuvota nokuphepha. Ukuvota okusekelwe kuxhomekekile kusekho kuphela njengethuluzi elikuyikhombayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezimiso zomchain kwenza ukuba inselele abacwaningi abangezona izazi. Nakuba umqondo ukhanga kakhulu, ukutholwa komntwana kuhlala kungalindelekile kuze kube yilapho izindaba ezingaphansi kokuvikelwa futhi ezivumelana nathi zixazululiwe.

Ukwakheka Kwesimiso Sezinto Eziphilayo

Ubuchwepheshe be-biometric obunjengezinhloli zeminwe, ukuqashelwa kwe-is, nokuqashelwa kobuso kunganciphisa ukukhohlisa kwevoti kanye nokuhlola okungenayo ezindaweni zokuhlola. Nokho, izimiso zebhayoloji ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka okubalulekile kwemfihlo futhi zingahlushwa yizinto ezingekho-mfashinini noma iziphene ezingamanga ezithinta ngokungenakulinganiswa amaqembu athile amanani abantu. Emazweni asathuthuka lapho i-ID emboni emboni ibuthakathaka, i-octive i-octive isrulls, kodwa iye yasetshenziswa kabi futhi ukususa izinkinobho ze-votafranchize ezaziwayo ezisemthethweni eziphethe iminwe yabo engafundeki. Noma iziphi izikhomba ezithunyelwayo kumelwe zihlanganise iziqinisekiso eziqinile zokuvota i-octive procesting.

Isiphetho: Ukulinganisela Ukubuyiselwa Nezimiso Zentando Yeningi

Ubuchwepheshe abulungile ngokwemvelo noma abulungile kukhetho; ithonya lalo lixhomeke emongweni wokusetshenziswa kwalo, ekuvikelweni kwalo, nasekuzimiseleni kwabo bonke abaphethe ukumisa ubuqotho obusha ngenxa yokuzimela. Amathuba okwandisa ukuhlanganyela, ukunemba, nokubona kahle awekho futhi akufanele anganakwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingozi zokuwohloka kwe-inthanethi, ukuxegiswa kwe-information, nokweqisa kwezimiso zemishini zifuna ukuqapha njalo.

Ukuqhubekela phambili, iziphathimandla zokhetho kumelwe zisebenzise indlela esekelwe eyingozi egcizelela ukubonakala kahle, ukugcinwa kwemisebe nokugcinwa kwemali. Amapeper bolot, uma ehlangene nokuhlola i-operal nokuhlolwa kwe-operacter confication, ahlala eyindinganiso yegolide yokuqiniseka. Izilinganiso ze-inthanethi yokuhlola, ukuhlolwa, ukufakwa kwe-intestection, nokunikeza ukulondeka okulandelanayo kubalulekile. Izimiso zomthetho kumelwe zilungiswe ukuze zihlangane ne-AIII-generatebrary, imfishini yokwaziswa, nemithwalo yezemisebenzi yezezezokuxhumana. Ekugcineni, umgomo awukho ukuqeda ukuhlolwa kokhetho kodwa ukukhomba ngendlela eyakha ukwethenjwa umphakathi. Izimpawu ezisemthethweni zisekelwe yisimiso sobuchwepheshe esifanelekile, izakhamuzi ezisazinziwa yize esazinziwayo, isisekelo sezendebe yesimiso sokubusa.