Table of Contents

Indima Ebucayi Yohulumeni Bendawo Ekusabeleni Nokululama Enhlekeleleni

Uma inhlekelele yemvelo noma isilinganiso esikhulu sesimo esiphuthumayo, ohulumeni bendawo bawuhlu lokuqala lwesivikelo emiphakathini. Kusukela esiphepho esiphethu sehlela umhlaba sidlulela emlilweni osakazeka ezindaweni ezisemaphethelweni, izenzo ezenziwa izikhulu zedolobha nesifundazwe ngamahora okuqala nezinsuku zinquma isilinganiso sokuhlupheka kwabantu nokulahleka kwempahla. Ohulumeni bendawo abamane nje bahlanganyele ekuqondiseni inhlekelele; bangabaqondisi abaholayo bokusabela nokululama ezindaweni zabo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlola okubanzi kwemithwalo yabo, izinselele, izinselele, nokuvela kwemisebenzi engcono kakhulu endaweni yezinhlekelele yanamuhla.

Ukuqonda Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yohulumeni Bendawo Ezinhlekeleleni

Indima yohulumeni bendawo ekuqondiseni inhlekelele ingokomthetho futhi isekelwe ngokusemthethweni. E-United States, i-Stafford Act nemithetho kahulumeni ibeka umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko ekuqondiseni isimo esiphuthumayo endaweni. Lesi simiso sibonisa isimiso sokuthi izinhlekelele ziyizenzakalo zendawo, futhi abaholi bendawo banolwazi olujulile lwezidingo zomphakathi, izakhiwo zesisekelo, kanye nezingalo. Umthwalo wemfanelo kahulumeni wendawo uhlanganisa yonke inhlekelele: ukulinganisela, ukulungiselela, ukusabela, nokululama.

Igunya Elingokomthetho Nelisebenzayo

Umphathi wedolobha, umkhandlu wesifunda, ibhodi yabaphathi besifunda, kanye nomphathi wesimo esiphuthumayo wendawo, oshukumisa ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi ephuthumayo yendawo futhi ubangele izivumelwano zosizo. Lesi simemezelo sifaka isicelo esingokomthetho sikahulumeni nosizo lukahulumeni. Ngaphandle kwalesi senzo sokuqala, uhulumeni nemithombo yezwe ngeke kungene ngokomthetho endaweni ethintekile. Lo mthwalo ongokomthetho uphelele futhi awunakuphathiswa phezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kweSiphepho uKatrina, ukuthatha kancane kwempendulo yombuso enikeza usizo olusheshayo, kubonisa imiphumela esheshayo yezehlulekile.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Eyinhloko: Ukuwohloka Okuphelele

Izindima zikahulumeni wendawo phakathi nokusabela enhlekeleleni nokubuya kwenhlekelele zingahlanganiswa zibe izindawo eziyisithupha ezibucayi. Indawo ngayinye idinga amapulani angaphambili, izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe, nezimiso eziqinile zokuxhumana.

Ukulungiselela: Isisekelo Sokusabela Okuphumelelayo

Ukusabela ngenhlekelele nokuphumelela kuxhomeke ngokuphelele emgangathweni womsebenzi owenziwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele isimo esiphuthumayo. Ukulungiselela kuvame ukuncitshiswa izikhulu ezikhethiwe nabaphathi bemali abanolwazi lokuhlela, kodwa kungumthetho owedlula wonke wokuzimela komphakathi. Ohulumeni bendawo abafaka imali ekulungiseleleni ukusindisa ukuphila futhi banciphise ithonya elingokomnotho.

Ukuthuthukisa Nokusebenzisa Amalungiselelo Okuhlinza Okuphuthuma (Izinombolo Ze - EOP)

I-Emergency Operations Plan iyipulani yokuthatha isinyathelo. Kumelwe ibukezwe futhi ihlaziywe futhi ihlaziywe okungenani ngonyaka, ihlanganise ukufakwa kuzo zonke izibhedlela (izikole, izibhedlela, izibhedlela, amabhizinisi), futhi ihlanganiswe nesiqondiso sikahulumeni nohulumeni sokuhlela. Kodwa ipulani eshalofu ayilutho. [ Icebo kumelwe lisetshenziswe ngokubhola, ukuvivinya ithebula, nokulingisa isilinganiso esigcwele. [ Ngokwesibonelo, isifunda esisebenza ngamandla angaphandle esivinini, izivalo zomgwaqo, nezindawo zokukhosela imoto zizakusabela ngokuphumelela kakhulu kunalowo ongazange ukwenze eminyakeni emithathu.

Ukuqeqesha Nokuhlomisa Abasabela Kuqala

Ohulumeni bendawo banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqeqesha amaphoyisa, umlilo, i-EMS, nezisebenzi zomphakathi ezindleleni zokusabela ngenhlekelele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshelwa ngokukhethekile izenzakalo zezehlakalo zezehlo, ukuseshwa nokuhlengwa, nokufakelwa kwengxwelerha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto zokusabela, izintambo zokuxhumana, nemishini yokuvikela umuntu siqu kunakekelwa kahle futhi kuxhaswe yinselele eqhubekayo. Iziteshi zokuhlela imali zivame ukunciphisa izimali zokuqeqesha, kodwa lokhu kuwukuthutha okuyingozi kwezentengiselwano.

Imfundo Yomphakathi Nengxenye Yomphakathi

Izakhamuzi zidinga ukwazi izingozi ezibhekene nazo nendlela yokulungiselela. Ohulumeni bendawo kufanele baqhube imikhankaso yokufinyelela umphakathi, imihlangano yomphakathi, ukulungiselela amathuluzi okulungisa ulwazi, futhi bagcine ikhasi elinikezelwe kuwebhusayithi yabo elinezinto ezinjengezindawo zokuthutha nezindawo zokukhosela. Ukusebenza nezikole zendawo, izindawo zokukhulekela, kanye nezinxulumani zomphakathi kufinyeleleka. Izinhlelo ezinjengo Cear.gov's "Severy Contecuty Community" inikeza amaprotente nemikhuba emihle kakhulu ohulumeni bendawo abangayithatha.

Ukwakha Amanethi Obuhlobo

Akukho hulumeni wendawo ongaphatha inhlekelele iyodwa. Ubuhlobo obusungulwe nawama-athomu, amanxusa okuthutha, izibhedlela, izinhlangano ezingazuzisi (njenge-Savity Army ne-Charities yamaKatolika), kanye nabanikazi bezindawo ezizimele (njengamaketanga abathengisi namankampani okwakha) bubalulekile. Izivumelwano zokusizana nezinhlangano zomakhelwane zivumela ukwabelana ngemicebo esheshayo. Lobu buhlobo kumelwe bubhalwe ngokusemthethweni phambi kokubhala izimo eziphuthumayo ukuze kugwenywe ngokomthetho nangokwezimpi.

Izenzo Zokusabela: Amahora Okuqala Angu - 72

Ukusabela ngokushesha enhlekeleleni kuthatha isikhathi eside, isikhathi esicindezelwe isikhathi. Amahora angu 72 okuqala abaluleke kakhulu ekusindiseni ukuphila, izakhiwo ezizinzileyo, nokumisa ukuqondisa nokulawula. Ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe basebenzise lezizenzo ezilandelayo ngesivinini nangejubane.

Ukuthatha Inqubo Esikhungweni Semisebenzi Ephuthumayo (EOC)

Lapho ithola isixwayiso esithembekile noma imibiko yokuqala yesenzakalo esithile, umphathi wendawo wesimo esiphuthumayo ushukumisa i-EOC. Lena indawo ephakathi lapho kuhlangana khona abameleli bazo zonke izinhlangano nezinhlangano ezikanye. I-EOC ayiyali ukuba kusebenze umsebenzi wasemagcekeni; inikeza ukusekela, imithombo, neziqondiso ezihlelekile kubaphathi bezehlakalo. Imisebenzi evamile ye-EOC ihlanganisa i-logic, ukuhlela, izimali, nokwaziswa komphakathi.

Ukukhipha Isikhumba Nokukhipha Imishini

Ngokusekelwe emvelweni nasemqoka yalengozi, izikhulu zendawo zingayala ukuba kususwe izindawo ezithile eziphoqelelwe. Lokhu kudinga ukuxhumana okucacile kwezindlela, isikhathi, nezindawo zokukhosela. Ukugcinwa komthetho kunomthwalo wokuqinisa ukuhleleka nokuvikela izindawo ezithunyiweyo ekuphangweni. Abaphathi beshelter bahlanganisa ukubhalisa abafuduki, ukunikeza izikhotha, ukudla, nokunakekela kwezokwelapha, nokusingatha izidingo zabantu abasengozini njengasebekhulile, abantu abakhubazekile, kanye nalabo abanezilwane. Ukuphatha izilwane phakathi nokuthutha kuye kwaba yinto ekhathaza kakhulu, njengoba abantu abaningi benqaba ukushiya izilwane zabo.

Ukufuna Nokutakula

Umlilo wendawo kanye namaqembu okuhlenga abantu yiwo okungowokuqala ukuqhuba ukusesha nokutakula izakhiwo ezidilikayo noma izindawo ezigcwele amanzi. Lemisebenzi iyingozi kakhulu futhi idinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile nemishini. Ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe baxhumane namaqembu kahulumeni (njengokufuna nokusiza emadolobheni) uma isilinganiso sidlula amandla endawo. Isikhathi sibalwa ngemizuzu nangamahora, hhayi ngezinsuku.

Ukwakha Izindlela Zokubhala Nezokukhiqiza

Imiphumela yamanje, imigwaqo ingaba engenakudlula, amandla angaphela, futhi ukudla namanzi kungaphela. Ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe bamise izindawo zemithombo ezayo, balawule ukuhanjiswa kwempahla, futhi bavikele izinto zokupheka ngezimoto zokusabela. Imishini yokondla izinkulungwane zabantu abafudukile nokunikeza amandla ezindaweni zokwelapha inganqoba ngisho nohulumeni bendawo abalungiseke kahle. Izivumelwano zokusizana ezisunguliwe zibalulekile ekulondolozeni imigqa.

Ukukhulumisana: Indlela Yokusabela

Phakathi nenhlekelele, izinqubo zokuxhumana zikahulumeni zendawo zingahluleka. Iziteshi ze-sellmall zingadilizwa, futhi i-internet ingaphazamiseka. Izimiso zokuxhumana ezithambile − njengomakhalekhukhwini, iziteshi zomsakazo eziyimfundama, kanye nemisakazo ye-mouse ye-inthanel . Isikhulu sokwaziswa komphakathi (PIO) kumelwe futhi silawule imibuzo yezezindaba, sifake izingcingo, futhi silungise i-mishwana emizileni eminingi. I-Misformation isakaza ngokushesha; uhulumeni wendawo kumelwe ube umthombo onegunya weqiniso.

Ukululama: Umgwaqo Omude Ubuyela Ekuphileni Okuvamile

Uma isigaba esisongela ukuphila siphela, ukululama kuqala. Ukululama kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, yeminyaka eminingi engase ingabuyiseli umphakathi esimweni sawo sangaphambili("ingawubuyisela noma iwuguqule. Ohulumeni bendawo bafeza indima ephambili ekuqondiseni lolushintsho kusukela ekusabeleni esimweni esithathe isikhathi eside.

Umonakalo Nokubhalwa Kwamagama

Ukuhlola okunembile isisekelo sosizo lukahulumeni. Amaqembu kahulumeni wendawo kumelwe ahlole futhi ahlole futhi abhale umonakalo ohleliwe ezinhlanganweni zezemisebenzi zomphakathi (izindawo, amabhuloho, izimiso zamanzi, izikole, izakhiwo zomphakathi) nempahla yomuntu siqu. Kumelwe aqoqe izithombe, izibalo, nemininingwane ye-otholial. Lokhu kunikezwa ku-FEMA ne-SA ukuze kuhlolwe ukukholeka kwemali yosizo lomphakathi, usizo lomuntu ngamunye, kanye nokubolekiswa kwenhlekelele ephansi kakhulu. Izincwadi ezingakhokhwawa zinganqisa noma zinciphise kakhulu usizo.

Ukulawula Izakhi Ze - FEMA Nosizo LukaHulumeni

Ohulumeni bendawo bazofaka isicelo sohlelo lwe-FEMA' Public A helpation (PA), olukhokhela izindleko ezifanelekile ezingu-75% zokususa imfucumfucu, izinyathelo zokuvikela, nomsebenzi ohlala njalo ezimbonini zomphakathi. Ukusebenzisa lezi ziphakamiso kudinga ukugcinwa komlando okucophelelayo, ukuhambisana nemithetho yendawo ezungezile neyokulondoloza ingqopha - mlando, kanye nokubambisana namahhovisi okuthuthukisa uhulumeni. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo baqasha abaqeshile ngaphandle noma bandisa izisebenzi zokuphatha ukuze bathwale umsebenzi. Ukucindezela kwalenqubo kungaba namandla kakhulu emadolobheni amancane anesikhundla esilawula esilinganiselwe.

Ukunakekela Impilo Yengqondo Nezenhlalo

Izinhlekelele zibangela amanxeba ajulile angokwengqondo. Ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka kwangemva kwe-traumatic disciption, nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kwanda kakhulu emiphakathini ethintekile. Ohulumeni bendawo ngokuvamile abanikezi usizo oluqondile lwempilo yengqondo, kodwa banomthwalo wemfanelo wokubambisana neminyango yezempilo kahulumeni nezinhlangano ezingaphumeleli inzuzo yokumisa izinhlelo zokweluleka ezibucayi, amaqembu asekela, nezinkonzo zomphakathi. Iminyango yezenhlala-mphakathi isiza imikhaya ukuba ikwazi ukuthola izitembu zokudla, usizo lwesikhashana lwezindlu, kanye nezinzuzo zokungasebenzi.

Ukuhlanganyela Emkhakheni Ovuselelayo Womphakathi

Ukululama kudinga ukuba kube okungaqondakali. Ohulumeni bendawo kufanele baqhube imihlangano yasobala njalo ukuze baqoqe ukuqondisa kokulungisa izinto eziza kuqala, ukusebenzisa izwe, nemisebenzi eyingozi. Ukuhlanganyela emphakathini kwakha ukwethembana futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ukululama kubonisa intando yabantu, hhayi nje imiyalelo yamandla. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini ehluphekayo nengahlelekile, ngokuvamile ethwala inhlekelele futhi engayitholi ngokomlando.

Ukugcwalisa Amasu Ayingozi

Ukululama ngakunye kunikeza ithuba lokwakha i-morevice. Ohulumeni bendawo kufanele basebenzise isikhathi sokuvuselela izimpawu zokwakha, ukuvuselela amabalazwe agcwele izikhukhula, ukususa izakhiwo eziyingozi ezifundeni eziphakeme, nokufaka izimali ezingokwemvelo njengezindawo ezinamaxhaphozi neziluhlaza. Izinhlelo zokuvikela imvelo njengendawo ezungezile encinenkene neyamacansi. I-FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Confictive Arective Arective (HMA) inikeza iziphakamiso ezinciphisa izingozi zenhlekelele esikhathini esizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha elilahlekelwa amakhaya ezindaweni ezivutha umlilo angasebenzisa izimali zokususa imingcele engcono encikelelekile yomkhathi kanye nophahla lomlilo. Ukuze ucacime, bheka [[FLT:] IME FIcity [FMalence] ikhasi[FLT]

Izinselele Ezinkulu Ohulumeni Bendawo Ababhekene Nazo Ekuqondiseni Izinhlekelele

Naphezu kokubaluleka okubucayi kwendima yabo, ohulumeni bendawo basebenza ngaphansi kwemigoqo enzima eyenza kube nzima ukusabela ngenhlekelele nokululama. Lezi zinselele ziwubuhlakani futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezwe.

Ukuswelakala Kwengcebo Nokulahlekelwa Okungaguquguquki

Imali kahulumeni wendawo ilinganiselwe, futhi ngokuvamile ukulawulwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo kuyancipha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto eziza kuqala. Imiphakathi eminingi emincane nasemaphandleni ayinayo umphathi wesimo esiphuthumayo wesikhathi esigcwele ."indima ithathwa umphathi wamaphoyisa, umphathi womlilo, noma isisebenzi sengxenye. Imishini iphelelwa isikhathi, futhi ukuqeqeshwa kunikelwa ngenxa yezindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-FEMA inkokhelo yemali ithatha kancane, futhi omasipala kumelwe baqhubele phambili imali, okungacindezela ukugeleza nokubambezeleka kokubuya kwemali. Ihhovisi le-Akhawunti ye-APricity liye lafaka isiqinisekiso ngokuphindaphindiwe [[ lezinselele zemali kanye nemiphumela yayo emibi enhlekelele.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinto Eziyinkimbinkimbi Ngaphandle Kwezinsolo

Izinhlekelele aziyihloniphi imingcele yedolobha noma yesifundazwe. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, izisebenzi zikahulumeni, izinto ezingekho nzuzo, nezinhlangano ezizimele kumelwe zisebenze ndawonye ngaphandle komthungo. Uma kusetshenziswa, ukubambisana ngokuvamile kubangelwa izimiso zokuxhumana ezingavumelani, izimiso zezehlakalo ezihlukene, nezinto eziza kuqala ezingqubuzanayo. Ukusabela ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukufakwa kwesitofu, lapho izinhlangano zihlanganyela ulwazi ngokunganele. Ukuqeqesha okuphakathi kanye nemithetho elandelwayo (njenge-NIMS) kungasiza kodwa kudinga ukutshala imali ngokuqhubekayo.

Izithiyo Zokuxhumana Nabantu Abahlukahlukene

Ukuxhumana komphakathi okuphumelelayo kumelwe kufinyelele wonke amalungu omphakathi, kuhlanganise nalawo angakwazi isiNgisi, akhubazekile, noma angakwazi ukufunda nokubhala kakhulu. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo abakwazi ukunikeza izixwayiso zezilimi, abatoliki bolimi lwezandla ngemishini ephuthumayo. Lokhu kuholela ekugwemeni ukulimala okungalawuleki phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezisengozini kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nenhlekelele, amahemuhemu namazwana amabi asakazwayo ngokushesha kunezigwebo ezingokomthetho. Ohulumeni kumelwe babe necebo lokuphendula okungaqondile.

Ukulawula Amathemba Omphakathi Nezinzwa Ezingokomzwelo

Abasinde enhlekeleleni balindele ukucaca ngokushesha nosizo, kodwa ohulumeni bendawo ngokuvamile bakhungathekisa. Igebe phakathi kwalokho abasindayo abakufunayo nalokho uhulumeni wendawo ongakuletha kukhungathekisa nolaka. Izikhulu ezinakekelwe zibhekene nokucindezela okukhulu kwezombangazwe, futhi abaphathi besimo esiphuthumayo ngokuvamile bahlushwa ukukhathala kozwela nokutubeka. Ukukhungatheka okungokomzwelo kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni zendawo kukhulu, futhi ukusekela kwempilo yezisebenzi zengqondo kufanele kwakhiwe ngesu losuku olulodwa.

Ukusingatha Izidingo Zabantu Abanobunzima

Abantu abakhubazekile, asebekhulile, abaholi abaphansi, abantu abangenamakhaya, nabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abangatshelwanga bathinteka kakhulu ngezinhlekelele. Izidingo zabo zivame ukunganakwa ngokwempendulo ejwayelekile nangezinhlelo zokululama. Ngokwesibonelo, indawo yokukhosela ingase ingangeneki, noma izinto zokuthutha zingahlali abantu ngaphandle kwezimoto zomuntu siqu. Ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe baqaphele izingozi zokungena, bakhiqize amasu okufaka, futhi bashadiswe izinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini ezikhonza lamaqembu.

Izindlela Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokuphatha Inhlekelele Kahulumeni Wanamuhla

Ukuze banqobe lezi zinselele futhi bakhe ukuqina kwangempela, ohulumeni bendawo bangathatha inqubo engcono kakhulu eqinisekisiwe, le mikhuba ayiqanjiwe; isetshenziswa imiphakathi ephambili kulo lonke izwe.

Ubuchwepheshe Obushintsha Yonke Imali

Ukulawula inhlekelele kwanamuhla kuncike kakhulu ebucikweni. I-Goographic Information Systems (GIS) yenza ukuba kube namabala angempela omonakalo nosetshenziswa kwemishini. Izinhlelo zezimoto zivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibike izingozi futhi zithole izixwayiso ezizimele. Izimoto zezindiza ezingathinteki zinikeza iziphetho ezisheshayo zokuhlola umonakalo. Amathuluzi ezokuxhumana asiza izikhulu ukuba ziqaphele imizwelo yomphakathi futhi zibone ukudukiswa kokunganembile. Ohulumeni bendawo kufanele banike ingxenye yemali eziyisebenzisa ekuhleleni izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe nokuqeqesha.

Ukwakha Isiko Lokulungiselela Umphakathi

Ohulumeni abanakukwenza konke lokhu bebodwa. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zithathe umthwalo wemfanelo womuntu siqu wokuzilungiselela. Ohulumeni bendawo bangakhuthaza lelisiko ngokukhuthaza indlela yomphakathi wonke: bakhuthaza omakhelwane ukuba bahlolane, basekele i-Community Emergency Response Community Teams (CERT), futhi banikeze ukuqeqeshwa kwamahhala ngeCPR, usizo lokuqala, nokulungiselela amathuluzi enhlekeleleni. Umphakathi olungiselelwe ukuthuthukisa umthwalo ezikhungweni zokusabela nokuzivuselela.

Ukuziphilisa Ngokuqeqesha Abasebenzi Nokuzigcina Uyikho

Ukuphathwa kwephuthumayo kuwumkhakha okhethekile odinga imfundo eqhubekayo. Ohulumeni bendawo kufanele bathumele izisebenzi eziyinhloko kwi-FEMA'Emergency Management Institute (EMI), iNhlangano yezizwe zonke ye-Emergency Mampers (IAEM), nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezisesilinganisweni sikahulumeni. Amazinga aphakeme okushintsha ezikhundleni zokuphatha isimo esiphuthumayo ayinkinga yesizwe. Ukusungula izindlela zomsebenzi ezikhangayo, ukunikeza imiholo yokuncintisana, nokunikeza imithombo yempilo yengqondo kungathuthukisa ukuhleleka komsebenzi nolwazi lwezeziqu zamazwe.

Ukuhlela Ukusingatha Inhlekelele

Amabhukwana angcono kakhulu ahlanganisa amabhukwana aphilayo ahlangene nazo zonke izingozi ezinkulu (ukuzamazama komhlaba, umlilo wequbula, ubhadane, ukuhlasela nge-inthanethi). Kufanele ahlanganise amaketanga acacile omyalo, ukulandelana kweziphathimandla (uma umphathi-dolobha engafinyeleli), kanye nemiklamo ebanzi yokusungula izinto. Amasu ahlolwayo okungenani minyaka yonke, abese ebukezwa ngezifundo ezifundiwe. Imibiko yePost-int factory ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo.

Ukwakha Imikhumbi Yomphakathi Ewusizo

Amabhizinisi azimele anamandla amakhulu okusebenza, amaketanga, nobuchwepheshe. Ohulumeni bendawo bangahlela ukuba kube nobudlelwane nabathengi bezimpahla eziphuthumayo, nezinkampani zezokuthutha izimoto ezithuthayo, kanye nemishini yokwakha ukuze kususwe imfucumfucu. Izivumelwano ze-Pre-disaster kanye nokuqonda kuqinisekisa ukuthi lobu buhlobo bulungele ukusebenza ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, amadolobha amaningi anezivumelwano nezitolo ezinkulu ezinamabhokisi okuthutha izimpahla ukuze amise izikhungo zokusakaza imfucucu.

Isiphetho: Indima Engenakuxazululwa Yohulumeni Bendawo

Ohulumeni bendawo bawumgogodla wenhlekelele nesimiso sokululama. Ikhono labo lokulungiselela, ukusabela, nokululama ezinhlekeleleni linquma ukuqina kwemiphakathi ezweni lonke. Izinselele ababhekene nazo − ukusekela imali okungalinganiswayo, ukuyinkimbinkimbi, nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezihlukene. Kodwa, ngokutshala izinhlekelele ezinkulu. Ngokuzilungiselela, ukusebenzisa ezobuchwepheshe, ukuthembisana nokululama komphakathi, nokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo, ohulumeni bendawo bangathuthukisa impumelelo yabo futhi basindise ukuphila kwabo. Izakhamuzi zonke zinesigxobo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni wazo zonke imithombo yendawo zidinga ukufeza lendima ebucayi. I-CM.[5] Izindawo eziphambili zokuphatha inhlekelele ziyohlala zikhona futhi zichume enkathini yokufaka ingozi eyandayo.