Isingeniso: Inkundla Yempi Efihlekile Yezimali Zobuphekula

Imizamo yokulwa nobuphekula iye yagxila kulokhu kusebenza kwezempi, ebuntwini, nasebuthweni bomthetho. Nokho, esinye sezikhali eziphumelela kakhulu ezilwa nezinhlangano zamaphekula siwukuhlakanipha kwezezimali (FINT). Ngokuhlola, ukucubungula, nokuphazamisa imali ebangela ukuhlasela, ukujoyina, kanye nenkulumo - ze, iziphathimandla zingaphazamisa izinhlangano zamaphekula ngaphandle kokudubula kanye. Ukuhlakanipha kwemali kunikeza ifasitela eliyingqayizivele, ulwazi olunemininingwane ekwakheni kwezakhiwo nemisebenzi yalamaqembu ayimfihlo. Uma isetshenziswa ngokufanelekile, ayithintinga nje kuphela ukuhlasela kodwa futhi ikhubaza izinhlangano zezomnotho ezisekela ubuphekula. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela ukuhlakanipha kwezezimali okusebenza ngayo, indima yaso ephazamisa ukuxhaswa kwezentengo, nezinselele ukusetshenziswa kwemali, nezinselele eziqhubeka kulendawo yokusekela imali.

Buyini Ukuhlakanipha Kwezimali?

Ukuhlakanipha kwezezimali kubhekisela eqoqweni elihleliwe, ukuhlaziywa, nokusakazwa kokwaziswa okuhlobene nentengiselwano yezimali nempahla ukuze kutholwe, kuvinjelwe, futhi kubekwe izigebengu zezezimali, kuhlanganise nokuxhaswa kwezimali. Ngokungafani nokuqoqwa kobuphekula, i-FINT igxila emalini [ [ , iphepha, amanani, kanye nokusebenza komthetho okubonisa ukuthi imali ihamba kanjani inqamule imingcele, ngamabhange, ngezinkampani, amagobolondo, amagobolondo, amashele, ama-alla. I-picculture akhethekile i-endiums e-accountic, i-datalytics, ne-octrivelvitions (ukusebenza komthetho) ukuze kwakhiwe ngokumelene namaphekula.

Ekujuleni kwayo, ukuhlakanipha kwezimali kungaguqula ukwaziswa okungadingekile okunencazelo enengqondo. Ukuthunyelwa kwebhange, ukuthengiselana imali, noma ukuhwebelana ngemali okusekelwe ekuhwebeni kushiya umshini we-application. Ngokuhlola nokuhlola lezi ziteshi, amaqoqo ahlakaniphile ngokwezimali (FUs) angaveza izisekelo ezikhomba ekuxhaseni izingosi zemali. Ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge lwemali encane, engaguquguquki esuka kuma-akhawunti amaningi kuya entweni eyodwa edebeselungwini lungabonisa “indlela yokubeka izimali ezisetshenziselwa ukufiphaza umsuka wemisebenzi yamaphekula.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zokuhlakanipha Kwezimali

Ukuhlakanipha okuphumelelayo kwezimali kusekelwe ezinsikeni eziningana ezihlangene ezenza kube nohlelo olubanzi lokuhlola nokuhlaziya.

  • I-Monitoring International Transactions: Izimiso zembulunga yonke zezezimali yizigidi zezigidi zamaRandi nsuku zonke. IFINT igxila ekudlulisweni kocingo olunqamule imingcele, ubuhlobo bebhange leposi, nemali yokuhwebelana ukuze kuphawulwe intengiselwano ephambukayo emifanekisweni evamile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukudluliselwa okukhulu kusuka ku-triki kuya e-akhawunti yomuntu siqu enkabeni yezezimali eziphansi ezilawula imingcele yemithetho kungabangela umbiko wesibopho.
  • Amandla eNzalo yeNgxoxo yokwaphuka koMdanso: Amaphekula avame ukunyakazisa imali ngezindawo ezihlukene ukuze agweme ukutholakala. Ukuhlakanipha kwezezimali kulandela ukuqoqwa kwezimali (kusukela eqoqweni kwemali, ubugebengu) ukuhamba (ukubhabhabha, i-bincoin, izithuthi zemali) ukuze asuse izindleko (izindleko ezithelekayo, amaholo, izikhali). Ubuchwepheshe bulandela ukuqoqa izimali (intengiselwano, umsebenzi wobugebengu) ukubonela lokhu kugeleza komhlaba wonke.
  • Ukuveza amaShell Companies nama-akhawunti onxweme: Izinkampani zamashell kanye nokwethenjwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukufihla ubunikazi bangempela. Ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwezezimali ezisebenza enkampanini, amaphepha okubhalisa azuzisayo okuphatha, nemibiko yokusola imisebenzi (SAR) yokubhoboza kulokhu kubekwa kwamacala asemthethweni futhi kudalule abantu abalawula izimali.
  • Imifantu ethandekayo yomsebenzi wokunika inzuzo: Imfundo yamandla nokwenambu okuphambili manje yenza i-FIUs ikwazi ukuzwa imiklamo abahlaziyi abangabantu abangase balahlekelwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudluliswa okungavamile, ukudluliswa kwemali okusheshayo ngezibalo eziningi, noma izinguquko ezisheshayo ezingokokuziphatha okulandela izenzakalo ezinkulu zomhlaba.

Ngasinye salezi zakhi sincike ezimisweni eziqinile zomthetho, ekuhlanganyeleni izivumelwano zezizwe zonke, nasekuzimiseleni kwezinhlangano zezezimali ukubika imisebenzi esolekayo ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalesi sisekelo esibambisanayo, ngisho namathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu okuhlinza angabi namazinyo.

Indlela Ukuhlakanipha Kwezezimali Okuphazamisa Ngayo Amanetha Amaphekula

Inkulumo ethi “ukungavumelani” emalini elwisana nezenhlalo zobuphekula idlulela ngalé kokugada nje. Ihilela izinyathelo ezithatha isikhathi eside ezithobisayo, ezibambezelayo, noma ezibhubhisa ikhono leqembu lokuphakamisa, ukunyakazisa, nokusebenzisa izimali. Lezi zinyathelo zivame ukulandelwa ngokwezenzo zomthetho futhi zingaba nethonya elikhulu kunokuboshwa kuphela.

Ama - Freezes Ne - Seizres

Elinye lamathuluzi aphazamisa kakhulu ukuqina kwempahla. Uma inhlangano yezimali noma igunya liveza ukulandisa okuhlangene nenhlangano emisiwe yamaphekula, lingamisa izimali, livimbele ukuthengiselana okwengeziwe. Lesi senzo asikuphikisi nje ukutholakala kwemali kuphela kodwa futhi sithumela uphawu olunamandla kwabanye abacebi bemali. Ezimikhankasweni eminingi, impahla eqandiwe ingalahleka ekugcineni ngenxa yezenzo zomphakathi noma zobugebengu, inikeza umonakalo oqondile wezimali kuwezinhlanganisela.

Ukumangalelwa Kobugebengu Bezezimali

Ukuhlakanipha kwezezimali kunikeza isisekelo esisobala sokumangalela abantu ngaphansi kwemithetho yokuxhasa imali. Icala elinjengokuthumba imali, ukusekela ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo ebuphekula, nozungu lwezijelo ezinzima. Ukuququlwa kwecala okuphumelelayo kuvimbela futhi kudala ingcebo yokuhlakanipha, njengoba abamangalelwa ngokuvamile bebambisana ekuthengeni ukubolekisana. Ngokwesibonelo, imali ephansi ingaveza umthuthi wemali ophambili ngemva kokumangalelwa, okuholela ekuboshweni kakhulu.

Ukuhlanzeka Nemiklamo

Ohulumeni nezindikimba zomhlaba wonke njengenhlangano yeNhlangano Yesizwe yoNokulondeka zigcina uhlu lwezinhlangano ezimisiwe zamaphekula nabantu ngabanye. Uma sekuqanjiwe, zonke izimemezelo zezimali nalamaqembu zinqatshelwe, futhi impahla yabo kumelwe iqiniswe. Ukuhlakanipha kwemali kubalulekile ekwakheni lezi ziqu, kunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi umuntu noma inhlangano ihileleke ngokunamandla ekuxhaseni izimali zobuphekula. Lezi ziqu zithwala izindleko zedumela, zikwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngalabo abahlelwe ukuba basebenze ezimisweni zezezimali ezisemthethweni.

Ukuphazamisa Amahlelo Nezimfashini Zokuthenga

Amaphekula adinga izinto ezizosinda: izinto zokuhamba, imishini yokuxhumana, izindlu ezilondekile, izimoto, nezikhali. Eziningi zalezizinto zithengwa ngezinkampani ezingaphambili noma ngokusebenzisa ukuthunga imali esekelwe ebhizinisini. Ukuhlakanipha kwezezimali okulandela izindlela zokuthengwa kweqembu kungavumela iziphathimandla ukuba zivimbele izimpahla, zivale izinkampani ezithengisa izinto, noma ziphazamise amaketanga okuthengwa. Isibonelo, ukwanda okungalindelekile kokuthengwa kukanyolo kungabonisa ukulungiselelwa kwemishini eqhumayo.

“ Ukulandela imali akuyona nje ithuluzi lokuthatha isinyathelo; kuyinto ebikezelayo. Ngokuqonda indlela amaphekula aziqongelela ngayo, singalindela ukunyakaza kwawo okulandelayo futhi sinqamule ingcebo yawo ngaphambi kokuba ashaye.[
. . . . . . . OwayeMlawuli we-International Intelligence Unity Union (umpharase entweni esebenzayo)

Ukuhlola Izifo Nempumelelo

Izibonelo zezwe zangempela zibonisa amandla okuhlakanipha okungokwezimali ekululazeni ezinye zezinhlangano zamaphekula eziyingozi kakhulu emlandweni.

I - AlkóQaeda Ne - 9 / 11 Ukuhlasela Ngemva Kwayo

Ngokulandela ukuhlasela konyaka wokuqala, i-United States kanye namanxusa ayo yaqala impi yembulunga yonke yezezimali ngobuphekula. I-Office ye-Ofestry of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) yasebenza nohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe ukuqinisa iqhwa izigidi ezingu-R9, emasheya empahla yamaphekula. Ukuhlakanipha kwezezimali kwasiza ekulandeleni iminikelo yabantu abacebile baseGulf ukuya e-Alâque Qada e-Afghanistan, okwaholela ekubekeni nasekumangalelweni kwezisweni kwezinsi ze-pinancicis njengo- [ohammamed Algradigham kanye ne-Amplim Alm-Amplectiver[FUljuna]. Lokhu kwabangela ukuba kunciswe imishini enzini ye-Ac.

Imifula Engenayo Igesi Ephazamisayo

Izwe lamaSulumane (ISIS) laba nedumela elibi kakhulu ngemisebenzi yalo eyinkimbinkimbi yezezimali, eyayihlanganisa ukushushumbisa uwoyela, ukuphanga, nokuhweba ngokungena ngokomthetho. Ukuhlakanipha kwezezimali, kuhlangene nezindiza zempi, kwahlela ukukhokha imali ye-ISSIS . Ngokulandela imishini ye-oyile yokuthutha i-ISY . Ngokulandela imishini ye-tektha yowoyela ngemifanekiso ye-tellitellitellite nemibhalo egciniweyo, lo ngqungquthela wakwazi ukukwazi ukucutha i-ISCONCRT izikhutha nokuphazamisa izindlela zokushushumbisa amafutha. Ngalesosikhathi, ukuhlakanipha kwezimali kwathola ama-ISSIS asetshenziswa yi-IS ukuze kukhokhe abalwayo e-Iraqraq nase-Syriand. I-ASSIS , i-odmid projectivesssss ezindaweni ezikhona ezikhona ukuze ikwazi ukuphatha imali. [FOct:][FL: 0][FL:1][F1][F1][

Isimiso SaseHayala Nemali Esabekayo ESomalia

EMpumalanga Afrika, iqembu lamaphekula lithembele kakhulu ekwakhekeni ihawala indlela yokudlulisa imali. Izinhlangano zezezimali ziye zasebenza nezindawo zamaSomali diaspora kanye nezinkampani ezisemthethweni zokuhlola ukudluliswa kwezimo ezisolekayo. Ngokuhlola izindlela zokuthutha ekwaziweni e-Alābab, iziphathimandla ziye zakwazi ukuphazamisa ukuxhaswa kwezimali zohlaselo olufana nolwe-Westgate Mall quella Nairobi. [[FLT:][FLT][3] Active Active Monity Master Master Master.[FFFFFFFF:][FF][FFF]][FLD] [FLD] [FLD]] [FLD]]

Izinselele Ebuhlakani Bezimali

Naphezu kwempumelelo yaso, ukuhlakanipha kwezimali kubhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu nezingalawuleki.

Ukwanda Kokudla Okunomsila

Ama-crypturrencture anjenge-Bitcoin, Monero, kanye nemali yemali eyimfihlo iveza inkemba ebotshelelwe kabili. Nakuba amabhuloho omphakathi enikeza ukubonakala, izinkonzo zemali eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenzisa imishini, izinsika, izikhwama zomshoshaphansi zokufihla imigwaqo. Nakuba ama-bretchain analytictics ethuthuke, ikhono lokudlulisa amagama angekho mthethweni lihlala liyinselele. Amaqembu amaphekula asebenza ngokufaka i-cycycryture recurencing ngenxa ye-nyullary nehickings, kodwa izimo ezifana ne- umkhankaso [FOLT] u-FOLD [201] ubonisa ukuthi amaqembu ezomnotho azama ukuzama ukuthenga i-ocroscovercha ezindaweni zokusebenza (injini e-CC).

Izimiso zokudlulisa inani ngokwethukela (IVTS)

Hawala, hundi, nezinye izimiso ezingahleliwe zihlala ziwumgogodla wezimali zamaphekula ezifundeni ezilwayo nezingenamandla. Lezizimiso zisebenza ekuthembekeni futhi zithembele ezinhlanganweni zabahlali abalungisa ama-hawadadar ngokungenamthethweni, bashiye imikhondo emincane yephepha. Ukuthutha i-hawala kudinga ukuhlakanipha komuntu, ukubika komphakathi, nokuhlaziywa kwemali engavamile ephuma emaphethelweni ezimisweni ezilawulayo. Inselele iwukulawula lezi zimiso ngaphandle kokunqamula izinhlelo zomphakathi ezingokomthetho noma zemikhaya ezindaweni ezinjenge-South Asia ne Horn of Africa.

Ukuthengisa Imali Esekelwe Endleleni (TBML)

ITrade .Trade .enye yezindlela ezinzima kakhulu zokuthola imali. Ihilela ukuhweba ngezimali zokwenza ibhizinisi , ngaphansi kwe-invoification, ukuthengwa kaningi, noma ukuchaza ngokungeyikho izinto ezithengiswayo, ukuthutha inani eliwujuqu, ukunqamula imingcele. Iqembu lamaphekula lingathumela ngaphandle kwensimbi eshibhile kodwa liyifake ephepheni njengemishini yamagesi ephakeme yenani eliphakeme, ukudlulisela ngokuphumelelayo imali kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwemali. Abacwaningi bezentengiselwano bemali kumelwe bahlole izincwadi zokuhwebela, ukuthutha, ukuveza, kanye nokuchaza amasiko, ngokuvamile ngezikhathi ezingu-679, ukuveza imiklamo ye-TBM. [[FLT:][FL:][FL:[FF][3][FF3]

Ukwanda Kwezindlela Ezintsha Zokubhapa

Imali ehambayo, amakhadi akhokhelwa kusengaphambili, nezikhwama zemali zithandwa kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka. Nakuba lezi zinkonzo zikhuthaza ukufakwa kwezimali, zidala futhi izindlela ezintsha zokuthutha i-35value ephezulu kakhulu engandiza ngaphansi kwe-radar yeminyango engokwesiko yokubika. Ama-gural ayahluleka ukusebenzisa imithetho yokukhokha imali e-antipansi (AML) ngaphandle kokusungula. Ukuhlakanipha kwemali kumele kudlulise izingobo zocingo ezikhokhwayo, imininingwane yezentengiselwano, kanye ne-ekhommerce platifomu.

Ukubambisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nemisebenzi Yesakhelo

Isimiso sembulunga yonke sezimiso zezimali sidinga ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke, izindinganiso ezivamile nokuhwebelana okusheshayo.

Amandla Omsebenzi Omsebenzi Ongokwezimali (FATF)

IFATF iyindinganiso yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nemali efakwa emalini kanye nokulwa nokuxhaswa kwezimali zobuphekula (AML/CFT). Itusa ukuthi ama-authority angaphezu kuka-200 aye athembisa ukusebenza. Ukuziphatha kwe-FATF kuhlola ukuthi amazwe azisebenzisa kahle kangakanani lezi zindinganiso, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwezimali zobuphekula, ukubekwa kwempahla yangempela, kanye nokukhanya kokusetshenziswa kwempahla ewusizo. Amazwe ahlulekayo ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zeFATF angabhekana nemiphumela yedumela nemali, ebangela izisusa ezinamandla zokuthobela.

Iqembu Eliyiqembu Lokuhlakanipha Kwezezimali

Iqembu le-EgTmont linikeza iziteshi ezilondekile ze-FIU ukusuka ku-70+ amazwe ukushintshisa izingcingo zemali. Ngalolu xhapheko, umbiko wezentengiselwano othengwayo obekwe kwelinye izwe ungabangela uphendlo olufanayo kwelinye izwe. Isimiso sewebhu esilondekile se-Egmont zenza abahlaziyi bacele futhi bahlanganyele ulwazi kubantu abasolwa amaphekula, ngokuvamile ludlula iminyango yezokuxhumana. Le sivinini sibucayi uma izimali zihamba ngamahora amaningi.

Izinqumo ZoMkhandlu Wokulondeka We - UN

I-United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001) kanye nezinqumo ezilandelayo zifuna wonke amazwe angamalungu ukuba enze ubuphekula bube yizentengiselwano, iqhwa, futhi avimbele ilungiselelo lezimali kumaphekula. I-Counterpartist Transformation Directorate (I-Compristive) Umlawuli wobuphekula (I-CUT) u-Accounting (ITED) umqondisi wobungcweti futhi unikeze usizo lwezobuchwepheshe emazweni anezimiso ezibuthakathaka. Ukuhlakanipha kwezezimali ezibangelwa yi-FIUs ngokuvamile kwakha isisekelo seqoqo lamaphekula elabekwa i-UN, elibe senziwa emhlabeni wonke.

Izinhlangano Ezingabodwa

Amabhange, ukuthengiselana ngezimali, amabhizinisi emali, nezinye izikhungo zezimali ziwuphawu lokuthola. Kudingeka ukuba zibhale phansi imibiko yokukhohliswa kwemisebenzi (SARS) kanye nemibiko yokuthengiselana okusolekayo (SITS) nezincwadi zesizwe sawo iFIU. Ubudlelwane bobushelelezi, obufana nobu-UK’S SSEATSS IMALING S’ONING IMALITHOS (JMLIT)[FLY:1], zihlanganise ukugcinwa komthetho kanye nezinhlangano zezimali ukuze zihlanganyele ekusongeleni ukwaziswa ngesikhathi se-196. Lemibango iye yaholela ekuhlolweni kweminyango engaziwa ngaphambili nezigidi zemali encithanjeniwe amapheni emali.

Isiphetho: Ikusasa Lobuhlakani Bezezimali Ekulapheni Ubuphekula

Ukuhlakanipha kwezezimali akuseyona nje ithuluzi elisekelayo ekulweni nobuphekula; kuyithuluzi elisemqoka eliwuthonya ngqo umphumela wemikhankaso elwisana ne-protheism. Ngokulandela imali, iziphathimandla zingadweba zonke izinxulumane, zibikezele ukuhlasela, futhi zithoba amakhono ngesikhathi. Impumelelo e Alà Qaeda, i-ISSIS, namanye amaqembu abonisa ukuthi ukucindezela okuqhubekayo kwezezimali kuyaphumelela. Nokho, usongo lunamandla. Ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-cyprypocrycurecyrecy, ukuvuseliswa kwezimiso zokudluliswa kwemigomo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekhono esekelwe ekuhwebeni kudinga ukuhlaziswe njalo.

Ikusasa lokuhlakanipha kwezezimali lizochazwa ngezimo ezintathu: ukuhlanganiswa komthetho (AINKULUVERN ukuhlolwa kokuthengiselana), ukuhlanganiswa okujulile [[ komphakathi nokwengxenye yomuntu siqu, futhi kwe-allcessial system [ ukuvala izikhala ezilawulayo. Amazwe afaka imali eFUS, amukela izindinganiso zeFATF, futhi asebenza ndawonye emhlabeni wonke azakuvinjwa kakhulu ukuze kuvinjwe izimali ezibangela ubuphekulalisayo. Impi yokulwa nomthetho ayizuliswa kanye kanye kanye kanye kanye kanye, inqubo engokwemali. Kodwa ukuzuzayo, ukuzuza kwezentengo emali.