Indima Yokushisekela Ubuzwe Ekulolongeni Imikhosi YaseJapane Ethwala Isokudla

Ubuzwe buye baba yithonya elishukumisayo kuMajapani ezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaqembu aphethe kahle. Kusukela e-Meiji Reconstruct kuze kusuku lwanamuhla, imibono yobuzwe iye yathonya izinqumo zezimiso zokuma kwezempi, ushintsho lomthetho-sisekelo, inkumbulo engokomlando, nobudlelwane bomhlaba wonke. Nakuba ubuzwe bungakhuthaza ukuziqhenya nobukhosi besizwe, bubangela ukungezwani namazwe angomakhelwane futhi bubangela ukuba indima yembulunga yonke yeJapane ibe yinkinga. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela ubuzwe obuye baguqula ngayo izinqumiso zamaqembu akhona athwala imfanelo elungile aseJapane, izici eziyinhloko zalezimiso, kanye nethonya lawo ezindabeni zakwamanye amazwe.

Imisuka Engokomlando Yobuzwe BaseJapane

Ubuzwe baseJapane bavela njengethonya elinamandla phakathi neMeiji Reconsole (1868-1912), lapho izwe livuselelwa ngokushesha futhi libekwa uhulumeni walo. Abaholi bakhuthaza umuzwa wobunye besizwe nokuziqhenya kwemibuso yaseNtshonalanga ephikisanayo. UMthetho-sisekelo we-Meiji ka-1889 waveza umbusi njengophawu lwezwe, futhi i-Shinto yabuswa ekuhlakuleleni ukwethembeka nophawu lwesizwe. Ubuzwe obukhuthaza ukwanda baqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka nge-Taiwan (1855), ukuthatha i-Céan (1995), ukuthatha i-Korea (1910), kanye nobudlova bamabutho eChina phakathi no-Asiya e-Ayase-1930.1940.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ukunqotshwa kweJapane kwaholela ekumisweni komthetho-sisekelo wokungathathi hlangothi owabunjwa yi-United Occouncition. ISiphakamiso 9 salahla impi futhi sanqabela ukugcinwa kwempi inamandla empi. Nokho, imibono yobuzwe yaphikelela, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamalungu abambelele ekulweni abambelele ngokwesiko aye abheka umthetho-sisekelo njengomthetho-sisekelo wangaphandle. Phakathi nenkathi yangemva kwempi, amaqembu ahlukanisayo okungasokudla ngokuphawulekayo iLiberal Democratic Party (LDP), eye yabusa isikhathi esiningi kusukela ngo-19555, futhi iye yafuna ukuvuselela noma ukuchaza kabusha lemithetho eqinile yokuvikela isizwe nemithetho eqinile.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zemfundiso Yesizwe Engokwesokudla

Ukugcizelela Ubukhosi Besizwe

Amaqembu adonsa isokudla eJapane agcizelela ngokungaguquguquki ukubaluleka kobukhosi besizwe, ngokuvamile afaka izivumelwano zezizwe zonke kanye nezinhlangano njengezisongela inkululeko yamaJapane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukungaqiniseki ngeZizwe Ezihlangene, ukugxekwa kokuphazamisa kwezemfundo noma izindaba ezingokomlando, nokuphikisa izakhiwo zokubusa kwezizwe. Isihloko sobukhosi sigcizelela futhi ezimpikiswaneni zeSinkaku/Diaoyu Islands, kanye nabashisekeli besizwe beminyanisa ukugoxa okukhethekile kwezezwe laseJapane futhi bephikisa noma ikuphi ukuphikisana neChina.

Ukuhlolwa Okungokomlando

Uphawu lobuzwe baseJapane obuhambisana nelungelo lokubusekela buyimpi engokomlando − ukuzama ukuchaza kabusha izenzo zempi zaseJapane ngokulula noma ngokungelula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukululaza noma ukuphika izenzo zonya njengoMassacre waseJapane, ukuxhashazwa "kwabesifazane abaduduzayo," kanye namanye amacala empi. Abezombangazwe nongqondongqondo baphikisa ukuthi umlando waseJapane uye waboniswa ngokungafanele yi "amamascopist" izincwadi kanye nabagxeki bangaphandle. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqembu asekela inguquko yezincwadi, ukuhambela impi ephikisayo (okudumisa impi enecala kanye nezigebengu zempi), nokususwa kokuxolisa okwakhishwa ohulumeni bangaphambili.

Umxhumanisi wangaphandle: Ukuze uthole ulwazi lokubukeza okungokomlando eJapane, bheka i-Piotics of History eJapane: Reformist and the Comfort Women Issue" nguMiklowick Kim (I-Asia-Pacific Journal).

Ukuqinisa Inguquko Yezempi Nomthetho - sisekelo

Amaqembu adonsayo ngakwesokudla aqhubeka efuna ibutho elikhulu, elinekhono kakhulu nelaseSiphakamiso 9 ukuba avumele ibutho eliziphethe ngokwalo kanye nebutho eligcwele elizimele. Ngaphansi kobuholi beShinzo Abe (2066-2006-2020) no-2020), i-LDP yashaya umthetho ngo 2015 ophinde wachaza iSiphakamiso 9 ukuze ivumele iJapane ukuba isebenzise izikhundla zayo ngokwayo ezilinganiselwe ezimweni ezilinganiselwe. Isizwe sibheka le ngxenye njengesenzweni esivamile sobusompi saseJapane, sivumele ukuba ihlanganyele ngenkuthalo emisebenzini yezokuphepha nezivumelwano zezizwe zonke, ikakhulukazi neUnited States. Izinhlangano ezithile, njengeSiphakathi se-Rentectiontion (Nipannoni), zibizwa ngisho nangokuthiwabantu abangaphandle kwethonya labantu abangaphandle kweJapan.

Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle: I-Council on Foreign Relations inikeza ukuhlaziywa okulinganiselwe kwengxoxo yokulondeka yaseJapane: " i-International Constreants and Constitutional Conquentination".

Ukulondoloza Isiko Nesimo Sesizwe

Izimiso zesizwe zigcizelela futhi ukulondolozwa kwempucuko, ulimi, namasiko amaJapane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhuthaza isimiso sombuso, amasiko obuShinto obuzwe, nobuciko besizwe. Amaqembu alungile avame ukuphikisa ukufuduka nezimiso zesizwe, aphikisa ukuthi ayazinciphisa i-odoli. Basekela imithetho yesizwe eqinile nezindlela zokufukuza izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe. Emfundoni, basekela imfundo yokuziphatha nezifundo zokushisekela izwe ezigcizelela uthando nenhlonipho ngombusi.

Ubuzwe Obungokomnotho

Nakuba kungeyona inhloso eyinhloko, ubuzwe bezomnotho bukhona futhi ezikhungweni ezifanele ukuphatha izimali. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinqubo zokuvikela ukuhweba, ukusekela izimboni zasekhaya, kanye nokungaqiniseki ngezivumelwano zenkululeko zezohwebo ezingase zizuzise iChina noma i-South Korea. Amaqembu esizwe ngezinye izikhathi aphikisa i-Trans-Pacieficial Precialpashipship (TP) noma ezinye izimendu zezentengiselwano zezomnotho, aphikisana ngokuphula ubukhosi bezomnotho baseJapane. Nokho, ubuzwe bezomnotho buncishwa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindaba zezentengiselwano, ikakhulukazi kuyi-LDP, eye yasekela ukuhwebelana ngokwezentengo.

Ithonya Enqubweni Yasekhaya

Imizamo Yokuphenya Umthetho - sisekelo

Ithonya eliqondile kakhulu lethonya lesizwe ukuncishiswa okuqhubekayo kokubukeza uMthetho-sisekelo waseJapane. I-LDP iye yakhipha izinguquko zokwenza ushintsho kusukela ngawo-1990, konke okuhlongoza izinguquko ezisezigabeni 9, 96, kanye nezinye. Ngo-2020, u-Abe wahlongoza ukuhlanganisa i-revotion ukuze iqinise iMikhosi yokuzilawula, nakuba inqubo eyaye yanqandwa ngenxa yokuphikisa kwezombangazwe nokumelana nomphakathi. Ukucindezela kwesizwe nakho kuye kwaholela ekuchazeni kabusha iSiphakamiso 9 ngomthetho we-kabhithi, kudluliselwe ekulungiseni umthetho osemthethweni. Lokhu kuye kwabangela izimpikiswano eziphathelene nokukhukhuleka kwe-Kompatamstiki ye-ntempmps kanye nokugcwala kwamandla egatsheni.

Imfundo Nezinto Ezingokomlando

Izincwadi ezamukelwa uhulumeni ziye zaba yindawo yempi yemibono yobuzwe. Abezombangazwe abanobuzwe baye bafuna ukuba izincwadi zinciphise izikhombo zezenzo zonya zempi futhi esikhundleni sazo ziqokomisa ukuphumelela kwempi yempi eJapane. INkonzo yemfundo, edwebela izincwadi, iye yasekela ukubukeza kwesizwe, okuholela ekugxekweni kwezazi - mlando zasekhaya nezezizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, inqubo yokuhlolwa konyaka ka-2014 yaholela ezincwadini ezilulaza i-"indlela yokulawula i-"intelliast", iqala ukuphikisa eNingizimu ne-Korea naseChina.

Umxhumanisi wangaphandle: Umbiko we Human Rights Watch unikeza imininingwane yemiphumela yencwadi yokubukeza: " Leans Women ne-Nationalistic Turn"[[FLT: 1].

Ithempeli LaseYasukuni Nezombangazwe Ezingokomfanekiso

Izikhulu zezikhulu kanye namalungu okhabethe zivakashela njalo eYasuni Shrine iwuphawu olunamandla lobuzwe. Isakhiwo sidumisa cishe izigidi ezingu- 2,5 zempi efile, kuhlanganise nezigebengu zempi eziyi 14 zesigaba se-A. Ukuhanjelwa izikhulu, ikakhulukazi u-Abe ngo-2013, kubhekwa njengokusekela umlando wokubukeza futhi kubangela ukulahlwa okukhulu eChina nase-South Korea. Amaqembu aphethe i-comperest avikela lokhu kuhambela njengendaba yokuhlonipha impi yesizwe esifile futhi alahle ukugxekwa kwezizwe njengesiphazamiso ezindabeni zangaphakathi. Lempikiswano eqhubekayo ithinta ubudlelwane nemibono yomphakathi eJapana.

Ithonya Enqubweni Yakwamanye Amazwe

Ubuhlobo NeChina NeNingizimu Korea

Izimiso zesizwe ziye zabuphikisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ubuhlobo baseJapane nomakhelwane bazo. Izikhalo ezingokomlando, eziphazanyiswa izinkulumo zokubukeza nokuhambela kwezindawo zokukhulekela, zidala ukungathembani. Izingxabano ezimahlombe zeSikaku/Diayu Islands ziqiniswa ukukhulumela kwesizwe, zenza kube nzima ukumelana kwezombangazwe kunoma yimuphi uhulumeni waseJapane. Ngokufanayo, ukududuza kuhlala kuseyindawo yokuxabana ne-South Korea, naphezu kwesivumelwano sonyaka ka-2015 sokuthi abaningi eNingizimu Korea babheka ukungenele. Amaqembu ahlasela intethelelo noma imbuyiselo elungile, aphikisa ukuthi iJapane kakade idingida lempikiswano nokuthi abagxeki bashukunyiswa umuzwa omelene ne-Japane.

I - U.S.-Japane Alliance

Ubuzwe eJapane buhlangene ne-U.S. ne-Japane. Kwesinye isandla, amaqembu adonsa kwesokudla asekela ukubambisana njengendlela yokuthuthukisa i-Japane nokulwa nokunyuka kwe-China. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izinkolo zobuzwe ziyayizonda i-Japane ukuncika kwayo eUnited States futhi zibiza umgomo ozimele wezokwengeziwe wezokweqa kwamanye amazwe. I-LDP i-odP ifaka i-oventenestensten no-U.S., njengoba ivumela iJapane ukuba idlale indima enkulu kakhulu ekulondekeni kwezifunda. Nokho, umgomo wempi owenyukelayodwa wamaqembu amaqembu azimeleyongahlanga.[8]

Isifunda Sokuvikelwa Nesiqondiso Sokuvikela

Ngaphansi kwethonya lesizwe, iJapane iye yandisa amakhono ayo empi. Imali yokuvikela yafinyelela amazinga aqoshiwe, ihlongoze ukuthola izikhali ezicitshwayo ezihamba kade futhi yasungula amakhono okuhlasela ngokuhlasela. Amaqembu esizwe asekela imfundiso elula kanye nekhono lokuvikela iziqhingi ezikude. Lokhu kuhlaba iChina ne-North Korea isixwayiso kodwa kuthethelelwa abaholi baseJapane njengokudingekile ukuze bavikeleke endaweni ezungezile eyingozi. Ukuhlasela kwempi kwesizwe kuvame ukusebenzisa izinsongo zezokuvikela iNyakatho neChina ukuze kuxhase ukusekelwa umphakathi ekuthuthukiseni ibutho lezempi.

Izibonelo Nezibalo Eziyinhloko Zangesikhathi Esidlule

Ifa LikaShinzo Abe

UShinzo Abe wayengumholi ovelele kakhulu wesizwe eJapane yanamuhla. Izimiso zakhe zezomnotho zadonsa ukunaka kwembulunga yonke, kodwa uhlelo lwakhe lwesizwe oluhlotshisiwe ````aconstitualial'''', ukuqinisa impi, nokubukeza okungokomlando-"wachaza umbono wakhe. U-Abe waseJapane "ohloniphekile" (Utsukii Kuni) wavuselela ukuziqhenya ngesiko futhi wafuna ukunqoba ihlazo langemva kwempi. Ukubulawa kwakhe ngo-2022 kwaba yinto eshaqisayo, kodwa ithonya lakhe liyaqhubeka phakathi kwe-LDP, lapho i-althP eqhubeka khona esekela izimbangela zesizwe.

Iqembu Elizimele Elikhululekile Namuhla

Ngaphansi koNdunankulu uFumio Kisida, i-LDP iqhubele phambili izinqubo eziningi zobuzwe, nakuba inezwi elilinganiselwe. UKishida uye waphishekela ukuzivikela futhi ukuzimisela ukubukezwa komthetho-sisekelo, kodwa uye waqapha ngezindaba ezingokomlando. Umngane we-LDP weqembu, uKomeito, usebenza njengebhuleki lobuzwe ngokweqile, kodwa iphiko eliqinile lisaqhubeke liqhubela umgomo wokuqala weqembu ‘ elivamile. ’ Ukuphakama kwamaqembu amaningi akhulumayo phakathi kwe-LDP, njengo "Ukuqaphela uMthetho womthetho ovikela iJapane" (Nhonfon no - promorn Mau Kai), uqinisekisa ukuthi izihloko zesizwe zihlala zisephakathi kwesigaba sesigaba seqembu.

Iqembu Lokubuyiselwa LaseJapane Namanye Amaqembu Anelungelo

Imikhosi enjenge-Nippon Ishin no Kai (Iqembu Lokubuyiselwa eJapane) neQembu leQela lamaKokoro (Kokoro) lamukela obala ubuzwe. IQembu lokuBuyisela eJapane, elisekelwe e-Osaka, abameleli bokubukezwa komthetho-sisekelo, isivikelo esinamandla, nokubekwa isigaba esiqinile sesifunda. Lisekela futhi izigijimi eziqinile ze-Geneany. Amaqembu amancane alwa nombuso wobuzwe ngokuvamile asebenza ngaphandle kwezikhulu zezombangazwe kodwa angathonya inkulumo yasobala ngemithombo yezindaba nangezenzo. Ngokwesibonelo, iqembu elisekela kakhulu i-"Zaitokai" (Inza iQeqela le-Agartic Agains Agains amele Amalungelo akhethekile e-Korean kanye ne-iminging, elithonya inkulumo yokwembulala kweze yezenkolo.

Imibono Yomphakathi Nemishini Enamandla

Izimiso zesizwe azithandwa kakhulu amaJapane avoti. Nakuba abaningi besekela ukubukiswa kwempi okunamandla nokuqhosha kwesizwe, kukhona futhi umuzwa ophawulekayo wokungathathi hlangothi, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezizukulwane ezindala naphakathi kwabavoti abashiyi abashiyi. Impumelelo ye-LDP ngokuvamile ixhomeke ekulinganiseni izikhundla zesizwe zezokuphatha izomnotho nezenhlalakahle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuvela kwe-Constitutional Democraticism Party of Japan (CDP) njenge-dentierris-ecerist inikeza ukuhlola kwesizwe kodwa i-Expersexpoint.

Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle: Ukwaziswa komphakathi okuphathelene nokubukezwa komthetho-sisekelo kulandelwa i Asahi Shimbun: " I-Support ye-Constitutional Reformation Wanes, Asahi Poll Shows"[.

Izinselele Nokugxeka

Izimiso zobuzwe eJapane zibhekene nezinselele eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuselelwa kwempi okungokomlando kulimaza amandla athambile aseJapane kanye nobudlelwane obungokwesivumelwano, ikakhulukazi neChina neKorea. Ekhaya, ukuqhubezela ukubukezwa komthetho-sisekelo kungabangela ukuphikisana okukhulu kwamaqembu omphakathi nokuphikiswa. Ubuzwe bezomnotho bungangqubuzana nezomnotho zaseJapane ezilawulwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usongo olukhulayo lweNyakatho yeKorea ne-China ludinga ukumiswa kwezimiso zokulondeka ezidlula ukuqamba ubuciko obulula. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi ubuzwe bungasetshenziswa kabi ekuthetheleleni i-jorstry ne-sybatts, balulaza izisekelo zentando yentando yeningi yaseJapane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano zesizwe eJapane ngezinye izikhathi ziye zahlanganiswa nokuzonda inkulumo nokucwasa abantu abambalwa, ikakhulukazi abase-Korea nezakhamuzi zaseChina. Nakuba amaqembu amakhulu ngokuvamile egwema ukuthuka ingcaca, amaqembu angenaluzwela athonya inkulumo yeningi. Uhulumeni uye wamisa imithetho yokulwa nenkulumo yenzondo kodwa ulwelwa ukulinganisa ukukhulumela okuhle kanye nokuzwana kwezenhlalo. Inselele yamaqembu aseJapane adonsa ilungelo lokubusa ubuzwe obukhuthaza ukuthula nokuchuma ngaphandle kokuphinda amaphutha esikhathi esidlule.

Isiphetho

Ubuzwe busenamandla ekulolongeni izinqubo zamaqembu aphethe amaqembu alungile aseJapane. Kusukela ekubukezeni okungokomlando nasekushintsheni komthetho-mthetho kuya ekuvuselelweni kwempi nasekulondolozweni kwempucuko, imibono yobuzwe iqhubezela izimpikiswano eziningi eziphikiswana kakhulu kwezombangazwe zaseJapane. Nakuba ubuzwe bungaqinisa ukuma kobuzwe nobukhosi, bungenza lukhuni futhi ubuhlobo baseJapane nomakhelwane bawo nezimpikiswano zangaphakathi ngomlando nangezindinganiso. Ukuqonda indima yobuzwe ibalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kwanoma yiziphi izimpikiswano zezombangazwe zaseJapane ekhulwini lama-21. Njengoba iJapan ibhekene nezinselele zokulondeka, ukuwohloka kwenani, nokushintsha kwembulunga yonke, ukuhlanganisana phakathi kwezindawo zobuzwe nezindawo nezokubusa nezokubusa kwezwe kuyoqhubeka ukuchaza ikusasa layo.