Indlela Abaphayoni Be - UK Abaphayona Ngayo Izakhamuzi Ezikhubazekile

Ngaphesheya kwe-United Kingdom, inani elandayo lezikhulu zedolobha lisekela umklamo ohlanganisa amadolobha njengensika eyinhloko yokuhlelwa kwedolobha. Injongo yabo iqondile: ukwakha amadolobha lapho izakhamuzi ezikhubazekile zingahamba khona, zisebenze, futhi ziphile ngokunethezeka kanye nodumo njenganoma ubani omunye. Lenhlangano ayikona nje ukuvumelana nemithetho yokuthola; icabangela ngokuyisisekelo indlela izindawo zomphakathi, iziteshi, nezakhiwo ezisungulwayo, eziklanywe, futhi ziphethwe. Ngokusebenza ngokushelela ngokunethezeka kuzo zonke iziteshini zentuthuko zasedolobheni, laba baholi babumba amadolobha akhiwe ngokulinganayo, aqinile, futhi aphilile ngayo wonke umuntu.

Umklamo Wasemadolobheni Azimele

Umklamo wamadolobha ohlanganisa indawo yonke, futhi owaziwa ngokuthi umklamo wembulunga yonke, ngaphandle nje kokuhlanganisa ama-ampp noma ama-handray. Ifilosofi ecabangela ububanzi obukhulu bamakhono abantu kusukela ekuqaleni. Izakhamuzi ezikhubazekile, ezakha abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi 14 e-UK ngokwezibalo zikahulumeni, indawo ezungezile ekhona ingaveza imingcele yansuku zonke. Imigwaqo ehambayo, ukuthuthwa komphakathi okungafinyelelwa, ukuntuleka kwekhono lokuqaqamba, nokuwela okungaklanywanga kahle kwezimoto kungaguqula inseleleko enzima. Uma amadolobha eklanywe ngokuphelele, lemingcele incibilika, yenza ukuba kube nenkululeko enkulu, ukuhlanganyela kwezenhlalo, nethuba lokuziphilisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuklama okuhlanganisa inzuzo yomphakathi wonke. Izindlela zomklamo ezidalwe abantu abakhubazekile zisetshenziswa nsuku zonke abazali abasebenzisa izihlalo zabakhubazekile, abathwali bezisebenzi ezinezikhitshana, nabantu abadala abanezintambo zokuhamba. Izimemo zomsindo ezisezitimeleni azisizi abagibeli abakhubazekile ngokubona kuphela kodwa futhi nezivakashi ezingajwayelene nesimiso. Izindlela ezinesitebhudulo-mfono zithuthukisa ukuphepha kwabo bonke abantu, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngokufakela phambili, amameya afaka izakhiwo ezisemfashini ezisebenza ngokusebenza ngokuhlanganisa abantu abahlukene kakhulu, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezindawo, ikhono, ulimi, nokuziphatha.

Isisekelo Esingokomthetho Nesimiso

Ukugqugquzelwa komklamo wasemadolobheni agcwele kusekelwa umthetho oqinile. UMthetho wokungalingani ka-2010 ubeka umsebenzi ongokomthetho eziminyameni zomphakathi wokuqeda ubandlululo nokuthuthukisa amathuba kubantu abakhubazekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo eyakhiweyo ayibekeli imingcele engadingekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UN Convention on the Rights of Personalty[ [UNCRPD], ivunyelwe yi-UKCRPD ngo-2009, icela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela imingcele engokoqobo engokomzimba, ukuthutha, ukuthutha, nokwaziswa. Imeyamune amaningi asebenzisa lemiklani ephansi, kodwa amadolobha athanda ukufinyelela izimfuneko eziqotho.

Izinyathelo Eziyinhloko Eziholwa Ama - UK Meya

Ama - may kulo lonke elaseNgilandi, eScotland, naseWales aye athatha izinyathelo eziningi ezibonisa indlela ezombangazwe eziyoletha ngayo ushintsho olubonakalayo. Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu:

Abathuthi Bomphakathi Abafinyelelekayo

Ngokuvamile imoto iyisithiyo esisodwa esikhulu kakhulu sokungenela kubantu abakhubazekile. ELondon, eMayor Sadiq Khan yenza ukutholakala kwengxenye echazayo ye-Ttrash for London (TfL). Inani leziteshi zeTube ezikhululekile liye lakhuphuka kancane, futhi linento edinga ukuba nengxenye yazo zonke iziteshi ezikhululekile ngo-2030. Imikhumbi yonke yebhasi iphansi futhi ihlome ngezaziso ezibonisa ukuthi iyayeka. I-TfL ibuye iveze amabalazwe anemininingwane efingqiwe futhi inikeze “ibheji lesihlalo” ukuze inciphise ukukhathazeka kwabagibeli abakhubazekile abafihlekile.

EMayar Manchester, i- “Bee Burnham's“ I-Bee Network” ihlanganisa amabhasi, amatram, nezitimela ngaphansi kwesimiso esisodwa, esifinyelelekayo. Wonke amabhasi amasha aphansi, futhi i-Metrolink tramnet ifakwe futhi i-template ngokugibela iziteshi ezinkulu. Imeya izimisele futhi ukwenza zonke izisekelo ezintsha zokuthutha − ukuhlanganisa nokuhamba ngebhayisekili kanye nezindlela eziklanywayo, kanye nokufakwa ekukhubazekeni kwamaqembu ezinto ezihambayo.

Imigwaqo Efanele Nezindawo Zomphakathi

Imigwaqo iyimithambo yamadolobha, futhi umklamo wabo uthinta kakhulu ukuhamba nokuphepha. Imeya eziningi zinentuthuko ekwakhekeni komgwaqo ngaphambili: imiklamo emikhulu, iwise amakhebhu, i-kerb, ikwazi ukubopha amabhuloho, futhi yabelana ngezindlela zomkhathi ezilingana ngokucophelela nabahamba ngezinyawo, abahamba ngebhayisikili, nabahamba ngemoto. EBristol, uMayar Marvin Rees wasungula “iSimemezelo” esifuna ukuklama okuphelele kuzo zonke intuthuko nentuthuko. I-Tactile picle manje isesilinganisweni esivamile kuzo zonke izicathulo ezihamba ngezinyawo, kanye nezimoto ezihamba ngezinyawo. Izindawo eziphambili zedolobha zakhiwe phakathi nedolobha.

intuthuko, eveza, iziteshi eziningi, nezinhlayiya ezicacile eziklanywe ngomfakela ovela ezakhamuzini ezikhubazekile. Ngokufanayo, iSheffield i-Paradisestings "ezenzakalelayo" phakathi edolobheni layo, izakhiwo ezibanzi, iziteshi ze-paney, izithuba eziluhlaza eziphakanyisiwe, izitshana eziphakanyiswayo, izitshana zezitshalo, nezingakhiyo ezinikeza ukuphumula kubantu abakhubazekile noma abanyakazayo.

Amapaki Nezindawo Eziluhlaza

Ukukwazi ukufinyelela emvelweni kuyisinqanda mpilo esiqashelweyo, kodwa amapaki amaningi ahlala kunzima ukuya phambili kubantu abanokunyakaza noma ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa. iMancchester ibiyindawo yokuma engaphandle kulendawo, ukusungula amapaki agcwele njenge Heaton Park [[[[FLT:] ne [FLT] idinga zonke izimiso ezintsha ze-partra nezimiso ze-partra ezinezivikelo zezivikelo, imishini efinyelelekayo, imishini yokudlala, futhi eveza izindlela ezifanele abasebenzisi besihlalo sabakhubazekile. [[FLT:]]

i-Glasgow’s imeya yedolobha (umholi womkhandlu wedolobha, osebenza nezisebenzi zendawo) iye yangamela ukuvuselelwa kwe Keaverrove Park [[] ukuhlanganisa izindlu zangasese ezifinyelelekayo, zonke iziteshi zokuzihambela kahle, kanye ne-arhem efinyelelekayo. Lemisebenzi ibonisa ukuthi umklamo ophelele ungathuthukisa ulwazi lwamapaki wonke umuntu, hhayi nje abasebenzisi abakhubazekile.

Ukuhlola Imisebenzi Yokuklama Ephumelelayo

Ukuze sibonise ithonya lomholi wemeya, nakhu ukuhlola okuthathu okunemininingwane yezenzakalo okubonisa indlela umklamo ohlanganisa izinto eziningi ongavezwa ngayo ngezinga elithile.

Uhlelo lwenkululeko yokuthola imvume ephakeme eLondon

I-nethiwekhi yezokuthutha yaseLondon yakhiwa kakhulu ngekhulu le-19 nelama-20, yenza ukuba ukufinyelela kutholakale kube yinselele enkulu. Nokho i-Transport yeLondon[ (i-TFL]) (i-TFL) ithuthuke ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikameya. Isimiso se-“Sikhawu-Sikhululo-Sikhululo” siye sashintsha iziteshi ezinje [[FLT:] i-Totenham Court Rourt , [FLT:], [FLT]] [FLT] [FL:] [FLT7], futhi igqhiswe kakhulu i-'isimumumumumumumumumumumumumumumumumumu, [i-FT], [irlv] [10] [ip], i-FFT], i-Fogromedrome

Ngalé kweziteshi, i-TfL isebenzele ukuthuthukisa “ibanga lokugcina”. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukisa ukuwela kwabahamba ngezinyawo, ukufaka ukubopha ngesivinini esiphezulu eziteshini zamabhasi, nokwakha imizila ekhululekile esuka eziteshini ukuya ezifikeni zendawo. I-$($1,5,5,000 zezigidi) “ icebo lokuthutha lokuhamba”[ ihlela uhlelo olude lokufinyelela ngokugcwele isimiso sokuthutha ngo-201].

Iqembu Eliqalayo EMacchester

IManchester iqapheleke i-Royal Town Puning Institute ukuze ikwazi ukufinyelela indawo ebanzi. i-[FLT]] i-“Dlayer and Inclusion" iqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yonke edlalwayo entsha noma elungiswe kabusha ihlanganisa amathuluzi angasetshenziswa abantwana abanamakhono ahlukene. Isibonelo, [[FLT:] Whithiworth Park[ ine-“Inani elihambayo" [[Male]]] [[[Nhlanum]]]] esheleleka ngendlela ethambileyo namabhentshi neziti zezi nezinzwa.

Isinyathelo sasungulwa ngokubambisana nama-Disability Rights UK kanye namaqembu abantu abasebenzisa i-'volution'. Izenzakalo zomphakathi zazihlanganisa amabalazwe aqinile, ukuchaza ulimi lwezandla, kanye nezinto zokufunda ezilula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezikhubazekile zingaba nezwi langempela ezinqumweni zokuklama. Umphumela uyi-tell of pakieasel engafinyeki nje kuphela kodwa futhi etholakalayo emphakathini.

3. Izindinganiso Zomklamo Womgwaqo KaEdinburgh

EScotland, iDolobha loMkhandlu we-Edinburgh (usebenza nomholi wedolobha olingana nomeya) laqala i- i-“Edinburgh Street Designdule"[ ngo-2020. Lencwadi ihlela izindinganiso ezigunyaziwe ngokomthetho kuzo zonke izenzakalo ezintsha nentuthuko yomgwaqo. Izimfuneko eziyinhloko zihlanganisa: ububanzi obuncane bamamitha angu-5, emigwaqweqweni emikhulu; i-actile i-pactive eqedweni lemigqa yezinyawo ezihambayo; futhi “i-accempsble" ezikhawulweni ezingaphezulu kwezingu 200 phakathi edolobheni. Isiqondiso futhi sazisa“izificashini zakudala” eTow ukuze kunciphe izivakashi.

Indlela ka-Edinburgh iphawuleka ngokugcizelela kwayo ukwakheka komhlaba wonke okungaphezu kokunyakaza . Umqondisi uhlanganisa amalungiselelo okuthola ulwazi, njengendlela ecacile yokuthola izimemo usebenzisa amaphawu ne-coding, kanye nezindlu zangasese zomphakathi eziklanyelwe ukuba zisetshenziswe ngabantu abakhubazekile, kuhlanganise nalezo ezinezicubu noma ama-cate.

Ukunqoba Izinselele: Ukuthenga, Ukuguga, Nokuqaphela

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, amameya abhekene nezintelezi ezinkulu ekufuneni kwawo amadolobha agcwele. Isithiyo esiphikelelayo. Ukubeka izakhiwo ezindala, izisekelo zokuthutha, nezindawo zomphakathi kubiza kakhulu. Nakuba uhulumeni omkhulu enikeza imali enjenge iNgxongo nemali yokuhamba iSikhwama sokwethunga izakhiwo zakudala, izakhiwo zokuthutha, izakhiwo zomphakathi zingasiza, ngokuvamile zibhalwe ngaphezulu futhi zidinga imikhandlu yokuncintisana. Ababeki bemidayeni baphikisa ukuthi imikhankatho kufanele ilungiswe ukuze ibonise izindleko ezikhundleni zezakhiwo ezihlanganisa izakhiwo eziningi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amaningi angoko ezindaweni ezidumile nasemadolobheni amaningi akhona.

Iqoqo lezakhiwo lihlanganisa inselele. Amadolobha amaningi e-UK anendlela ewumgwaqo eyi-Victorian-era enomgwaqo omngcingo, imithambeko ewumthambeko, nendawo evalekile okunzima kakhulu ukuyenza. Ama-mayter afanele alinganise inzuzo yefa nokutholakala, ngokuvamile adinga amakhambi ahlotshisiwe afana nokukhushulwa kwezakhiwo noma ukuklanywa ngokucophelela komgwaqo okuveza lowo mkhuba kuyilapho kuthuthukisa ukubambelela kwezihlalo zezinyawo kanye nezinsiza zokuhamba.

Inselele yesithathu ingu [[FLT: 0] ikhona kanye namakhono amagebe . Ngokuvamile, umklamo ophelele ubonwa njengongase uhlolwe, wenezelwe sekwephuzile enqubweni yokuhlela lapho kubiza kakhulu futhi kungaphumeleli. Abaklami abaningi basemadolobheni basathola ukuqeqeshwa okuncane kwezimiso zomklamo wendawo yonke. Amameya angakhuluma ngalokhu ngokufuna ukuba yonke imisebenzi emisha yomphakathi ilande ikhathe [[[FLT:]] ikhathe [[FLT:[FLT]] [FLT]] [3] eqondweni lokuklama, nangokuqeqeshelwa kwemikhampani yezenkampane. [FT], [5] [5] kuvunyiwe,[5]

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Nezixazululo Zamadolobha Ahlakaniphile

Ubuchwepheshe busetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukutholakala kwamadolobha. Amadolobha amaningi e-UK athumela amathuluzi edolobha avulekileyo [[FLT: 0] angenza ukuba ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela lutholakale kubantu abakhubazekile. Ngokwesibonelo, BIRMAM izama ukunqamula indlela ebonakala ngqo kumakhalekhukhwini athumela imiyalezo eqonde ngqo kuma-Expression.

Indlu yemigqomo yedolokazi (isebenza phakathi kwesakhiwo se-meya yeLondon) iye yasungula izinzwa zokungaqondakali” ezisezindlini zasobala eziqaphelisa izihlanzi lapho itafula limatasa noma lidinga ukunakekela, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda abasebenzisi abanezidingo eziphuthumayo. Futhi [[FLT:]] Southampton[, i-app ebizwa ngokuthi “Accamps" inikeza izilinganiso zezixuku zokutholakala kwezitolo, izitolo zokudla, nezakhiwo zomphakathi.

Nokho, ezobuchwepheshe azisona inhlamvu yesiliva. Ama-maya aqaphela ukugwema “i-solution” - inkolelo yokuthi i-app entsha ingalungisa ukuhluleka komklamo ojulile. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu emadolobheni yilezo ezithuthukisa umzimba futhi ezihlelwa kanye nabantu abakhubazekile ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi bahlangabezana nezidingo ngobuqotho.

Bheka Phambili: Ikusasa Lomklamo Wasemadolobheni Azimele E - UK

Ishumi leminyaka elizayo lizobona amameya elwa nentuthuko ephambili ehlukahlukene ezokwakha umklamo ohlanganisa izinto. Ukuzivumelanisa kungokunye okucindezela kakhulu. Njengoba amadolobha efaka izakhiwo ezintsha eziluhlaza eziluhlaza-njengezivande zemvula, izigodi zezihlahla, nezivikelo zezihlahla ezikhuphukayo ezizohlanganisa ukusungula izithiyo ezintsha. Izihlahla ezikhulisiwe, ngokwesibonelo, akufanele zivimbele indlela yesihlalo sabakhubazekile. Ama-May aqala ukugunyaza ukuba yonke imisebenzi yokuvuselela imvula ihlanganise ukuphumelela.

[[FLT:] Ukukhomba [[FLT: 0] kudinga wonke amakhaya amasha ukuba abe “angenakulungiseka”-i-1. i- Ikhaya elisha likahulumeni elifinyelelekayo [ (kulindeleke ukuba aqikelelwe ngo-2025]) lidinga wonke amakhaya amasha ukuba abe nomnyango okhululekile, okungenani indlu yangasese eyodwa efinyelelekayo phansi, neminyango emikhulu. Ama-Mayter angaqhubekela phambili ngokufuna ukuba isilinganiso sezehlakalo ezintsha sakhiwe ukuze sibe nezindinganiso ezifaneleke kahle. [[FLT] Igunya Elikhulu laseLondon [FFFF:]

Okokugcina, [[QTL:0] i-commony i- ihlala iyisisulu somklamo ophelele. Imeya ephumelela kakhulu iye yaqonda ukuthi ayinakuklamela abantu abakhubazekileyo. i-coversion – lapho izakhamuzi ezikhubazekile zisebenza nenqubo yokuklama, hhayi nje ukuhlola i-Homes – iba yinqubo evamile emadolobheni aholayo. [FLT:] Amakhekhefana [[FLT:] [FLT]] [angeke] aklame abantu abakhubazekile [[FLT]] [indawo yedolobha] eqinileyo) futhi [FLTN] ingenze “indawo yokuzinza] ikwazi ukuhlanganisa nezingalo zonke.

Isiphetho

Imeya ye-UK ayikho nje idolobha elihlanganisa amadolobha eliyikho, kodwa isimiso esiyisisekelo sokwenza idolobha elihle. Ukusuka eziteshini zeTube ezikhululekile eLondon kuya ezingadini ezinezinzwa eManchester nasekwephuleni okuhlakaniphile eBirmingham, umsebenzi owenziwe namuhla ubeka isisekelo sesikhathi esizayo lapho ukukhubazeka kungeyona isithiyo sokuhlanganyela ngokugcwele ekuphileni kwasedolobheni. Izinselele zihlala zikhona – ukusekela izakhiwo ezingokomlando, nezikhala zobuchwepheshe zidinga umzamo oqhubekayo. Kodwa i-tradiodio icacile icacile: ukuthi amadolobha aklanywe umklamo wokwenza wonke umuntu agcine enziwe, futhi omanejala i-UK aholela endleleni.