Table of Contents

Amandla Okubusa Kwendawo Ekusebenziseni Imithombo Yempilo Eyingozi

Izimiso zendawo ezingabonakali zinquma ukuthi umphakathi uyakwazi yini ukuphumelela noma uphilela impilo. Nakuba izimpikiswano zokunakekela impilo zezwe zidla izihloko ezinkulu, kuyimithetho yesifundazwe, izinqumo zomkhandlu wedolobha, nezinqumo zezikhulu zesikole ezinquma ngokuqondile ukuthi imitholampilo ivulekile kanjani, ukuthi amapaki aphephile kangakanani, nokuthi izinkonzo zempilo zengqondo zitholakala kanjani. Lezimiso ziguqula izinhloso zempilo zomphakathi zibe ngokoqobo . Ziguqula izikhawu zezinkinga zempilo zomphakathi zibe yize, noma imingcele yezempilo. Kusukela ezindaweni zokuhlala khona. Kusukela ezindaweni ezikhona imithetho evumela isitolo sokudla ogwadule ukuxhasa izinhlelo zezempilo yomphakathi, ukubusa kwendawo kuyisikhomba okunganwe noma ukuva izikhala zeze. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezimiso zisebenza kanjani, lapho zifinyele, lapho zikhona khona, futhi ubufakazi obusekelwe khona bukhona, abameleli, abakhi, iziphathi, nabantu, nabantu, nabantu bendawo efanayo ngokufanayo.

Ukutholakala Kwezokwelapha: Ithonya Lomthetho Wendawo

Mhlawumbe indlela eqondile kakhulu yezimiso zendawo ezimisa ngayo impilo ukulawula ukutholakala nokusakazwa kwezinkonzo zokwelapha. Idolobha nohulumeni besifunda bathonya yonke into kusukela ezindaweni zasesibhedlela kuya ezinhlotsheni zokunakekela okunikezwa emitholampilo yomphakathi.

Abalawuli: Isitifiketi seMiyalo yeNdebe kanye nokuHla

Izifunda eziningi zidinga izibhedlela noma imitholampilo emikhulu ukuze bathole iSitifiketi Sezezempilo (CON) ngaphambi kokwakha izakhiwo ezintsha noma izinkonzo ezandisiwe. Nakuba ihloselwe ukulawula izindleko nokuvimbela ukuphindwa, lemithetho ingalinganisela futhi inciphise ukunciphisana futhi inciphise imingcele yokungena ezindaweni ezigciniwe. Ohulumeni bendawo bangasebenzisa futhi imithetho yokuhlela indawo ukuze bachaze indawo lapho izakhiwo zezokwelapha ezingasebenza khona. Eminye imiphakathini, ukuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwezindawo kufake imithola-mithola-khaya kude emizileni yomphakathi, ukwenza [ imingcele yokuthola imingcele yemingcele yezindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokungafani, amadolobha athuthukayo aye amukela ukuvimbela ukuthutha [FLT] ukuthatha izakhiwo ezisemgangathweni semphakathini.[FLT]

Umshuwalense Wezempilo Ugciniwe Endaweni Yasezindaweni

Nakuba imithetho yomshuwalense yenzeka kakhulu esilinganisweni sombuso nohulumeni, izimiso zendawo zingandisa intela ngemithetho yezomshuwalense yezempilo yezisebenzi zasedolobheni, izimali zokunikeza amabhizinisi amancane amapulani, kanye nobudlelwane obungakhiqizi imali. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izilinganiso zisebenzise intela yendawo ukuze zakhe intengo yempilo esekelwe ebhandeni lezempilo [[ yezakhamuzi eziwela ekhaleni lokukhokha (igeji) kodwa inzuzo enkulu kakhulu kuweze iMidica kodwa engakhokhelwanga imali eshicilelwe imali eshisiwe kakhulu. Lokhu, nakuba kulinganiselwe ngokwesilinganiso, kubonisa ukuthi izenzo zendawo zingakhandwa kanjani izimbo zeze zeze zeze zezekwe ngokwembubhidi enkulu.

Izikhungo Zezempilo Zomphakathi Njengezikhungo Zokusetshenziswa Kwezimiso

I-FFLT:0] incike kakhulu ekusekeleni kohulumeni bendawo indawo, izakhiwo, kanye nemali yokusebenza. Imikhandlu yasedolobheni emisa i-FQHC ivame ukubona [ isusa igumbi eliphuthumayo lokusetshenziswa kwezifo zempilo [ nokulawula okungcono kwezifo ezingalapheki njengesifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi. [FLT:] Izifundo ze-19 [FLT] Izindaba ze-FLT Imali enikezwa ukuthi izibalo zokutshala imali engaphezulu ezikhungweni zezempilo ezizezezezezezezezezezempilo zinezinga eliphansi elingu-15% lokuhlikiswe isibhedlela (). Lendlela yokuhlela izindleko zendawo yemali yendawo engokwempilo.[FLCT:5]

Izinyathelo Zomphakathi Zempilo: Zisuka Ekugonyweni Ziya Ekuhlanzekeni

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo isendaweni ephambili ekuvimbeleni izifo. Igunya layo − nemali(ne) ivela edolobheni, esifundeni, noma ezinkambisweni zendawo. Lezi zinyathelo zisukela emikhankasweni yokugoma evamile kuya ekuphenduleni okuphuthumayo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwecala: Ukutholakala Kwemithi Yokugoma Nesimiso Sesikole

Amabhodi esikole endawo anamandla amakhulu okumisa izimfuneko zokugoma kubafundi. Emiphakathini enezinga eliphansi lokugoma, izinqubo ezidinga imijovo yababekhona zibonakala ziphumelela kakhulu. Nokho, abhekene futhi nokubalekela abafuni abakhululekile. Amabhodi esikole agcina imithetho yokungagonyelwa (ukunquma ukukhulula okungekho kwezokwelapha), kuveza ukugoma okuphakeme, njengoba kufakazelwa izinguquko zikahulumeni waseCalifornia ezilandela umthetho ka 2015 [[FLT:] CDC data yempilo ). Iminyango yezempilo yendawo isebenzisa imithola zinhlu zemithola zindawo ezisebenza imithola mayeza eqashiwe abasebenza phansi, isebenzisa imali eyabiwe yi-okhomishane.

Impilo Ezungezile: Imfucumfucu Nezinga Lamanzi

Imithetho elawula ukuhlola izindlu, ukulungisa upende womthofu, nokuhlola amanzi cishe kuyindawo yonke. Ngemva kwenkinga yamanzi eFlint, amadolobha amaningi adlulisa imithetho edinga ukuhlinzwa komthofu ezikoleni nasezindaweni zokulondoloza indlu. Amanye adala izinhlelo zokubhalisa isikhumba [izinhlelo zokubhalisa i-FLT] ezibopha ukuvuselelwa kwemvume yokudlulisa impilo nokuphepha. Lezizimiso, nakuba zivame ukuncintiswa yizakhamuzi, zinciphisa ukuhliswa kobuntwana obuholayo. [[FLT:]] imbangela eqinileyo yokukhula nokuzinziswa kwezinkinga. [[FLT:]

Ukuvinjelwa Kwezifo Okungamahlalakhona Nokuthuthukisa Impilo

Ohulumeni bendawo bangasebenzisa izimiso ezihlasela izimbangela eziyinhloko zezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezinjengokukhuluphala, isifo senhliziyo nohlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela zihlanganisa:

  • Izimfuneko zokubhala iMenu [ ezitolo zokudlela zamaketanga ukutshela okuqukethwe amacalorie
  • uvimbele amafutha [ ezindaweni zokudlela nasemakhefini esikole (njengoba kuboniswa eDolobheni laseNew York nase Baltimore)
  • Amathe ewayini elinoshukela [ anenzuzo ebekelwe imfundo yokondleka
  • izinqubo eziphelele zomgwaqo ezidinga imizila yebhayisekili, imigwaqwe, nezindlela eziphephile kuzo zonke izenzakalo ezintsha

Lezindlela zisekelwe ekuqondeni ukuthi ukuziphatha komuntu kulolongwa indawo eyakhiweyo ezungezile futhi indawo ezungezile inqunywa kakhulu yinqubo yendawo.

Ukuthuthukisa Indlela Yokuphila Enempilo Ngokuklama Nokuziphilisa Ngasemadolobheni

Ukuma komphakathi wamapaki, izitolo zawo zokudla, imizila yawo ehamba ngezinyawo, (ukungazenzakaleli). Kuwumkhiqizo wamashumi eminyaka esinqumo sokuhlela indawo, imali yokuthutha, nezimiso zokusebenzisa izwe. Ohulumeni bendawo ababeka impilo phambili kulezi zinqumo bangadala indawo lapho ukukhetha okunempilo kulula khona.

Ukutholakala Kokudla: Ukuziqhatha Nasogwadule Nezimpaphe

Izingwadule zokudla − ngokwehlukile, amanye amadolobha asebenzisa imikhiqizo emisha, efinyelelekayo, futhi ngokuvamile awumphumela we wezindawo ezithengisene ezikhubaza izitolo ezidayisa izitolo ezitholakele ezisendaweni ephansi. Ngokuphambene, amanye amadolobha manje asebenzisa indawo yokuhlala ukudonsa izitolo ezinkulu ezindaweni ezigciniwe, ukunikeza izimpahla ezisindayo noma intela. Abanye baye badlulisa imithetho evimbela ukuphakama kweziphuzo ezisheshayo noma ezifuna izinketho ezinempilo ezitolo eziseceleni ze-ingini. Ngokwesibonelo, uMineapolis uhlela uhlelo lwawo olubanzi lokufinyelela emgomweni [FFF:], ukunikeza izimpahla ezisekwele kakhulu noma intela ezihlala ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokudla noma ezithengiza ukudla.[5]

Amapaki Nokuzijabulisa: Akuwona Nje Indawo Eluhlaza Nje

Amapaki ezindawo nezindawo zokuzilibazisa aqondise amapaki nezindawo kuphela kodwa futhi nezinhlelo ezithonya ukusebenza komzimba. Izimiso eziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa ngokulinganayo kwemali exhaswe epaki ezindaweni ezikude zinganciphisa imingcele engokohlanga nenzuzo etholakalayo. Ukuhlola iLos Angeles County kuthontine ephakeme yepaki kunezinga eliphansi lokukhuluphele kanye nesifo sikashukela, ngisho nangemva kokuvumelana ngezici zezentengiselwano zemali (]] i-Health & indawo ekhona.[FLT]]][FLD]]). Inqubo yesibopho nentela ezinikezelwe ukuthengwa yinkambiso.

Izinto Ezisebenzayo Zokuhamba: Ama - siteck, I - bike Lanes, Ne - chengeteko

Imithetho exhasa imigwaqo ephelele iklanyelwe bonke abasebenzisi, hhayi izimoto nje kuphela . Izimoto zenza amadolobha asebenze kahle emigwaqweni abone amazinga aphakeme okusebenza kwengozi namazinga aphansi okulimala kwabahamba ngezinyawo. Iminyango yezokuhamba ingasebenzisa futhi izinyathelo zokuzola [[FLT:] njengejubane lokuhamba nokuphakamisa izimoto, okunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nengozi. Lemithetho idinga ukumelana nokuvinjelwa kwemoto, kodwa iveza imiphumele engokwempilo.

Imithombo Yezempilo Yengqondo: Ukuqeda Ukuphazamiseka Nokukwazi Ukwakha

Impilo yengqondo iye yakhangwa ngokomlando endaweni, kodwa izinguquko zenqubo zamuva ziyashintsha. Ohulumeni bendawo bayaqaphela ukuthi inhlalakahle yengqondo ibalulekile empilweni yomphakathi wonke nokuthi ukugula okungalapheki kubangela ukungabi namakhaya, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, kanye nezindleko zenkonzo yesimo esiphuthumayo.

Ukusabela Okubucayi Nezinhlelo Zokuguqula

Amadolobha amaningi amukela izimo ezibonisa izilinganiso ezibukhali ezibonisa ukuthi amaphoyisa amabili anabezempilo yengqondo lapho esabela ezimweni ezibucayi. Lezinhlelo, ngokuvamile ezisungulwe yimithetho yendawo, zihlose ukuphambukisa abantu abathile ejele ukuze belashwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwe-CAHOOTS e-Eugene, e-Oregon, lubonise ukuthi amaqembu ahambayo abhekene ngokuphumelelayo ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo zengqondo ngaphandle kokuhileleka kwamaphoyisa, ukunciphisa ukubophana kwesibhedlela nokuboshwa. Izimiso zendawo ezixhasa lamaqembu futhi zimise ubuhlobo bempilo yengqondo yabantu zibucayi ekuphumeleleni kwawo.

Izinkonzo Zempilo Yengqondo Ezisekelwe Esikoleni

Izigodi zezikole, eziwuhlobo lukahulumeni wendawo, zinegunya lokwabela abeluleki besikole, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, nezisebenzi zezenhlalakahle. Izikhulu zezomthetho ezigunyaza ukuba izibalo-ukuya ku-umeluleki] (isibonelo, umeluleki oyedwa kubafundi abangu- 250) uqinisekisa ukuthi ukusekela kwempilo yengqondo kuyafinyelelwa kusekuqaleni. Ezinye izifunda-PRIT zidlulise istemfo engokwengqondo yezempilo [ izimiso zengqondo ezibanzi, nakuba lezi zihlala ziphikisana futhi zidinga ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela ukuze zigweme abafundi. Uma kwenziwa khona, izinkonzo zezengqondo ezisekelwe ezifundwe ezikoleni zesikole zinciphisa umthwalo eminyangweni yezesimo esiphuthumayo futhi zithuthukisa imiphumela yezemfundo yezemfundo.

Ukunciphisa Ukuvinjelwa Ngemikhankaso Yomphakathi Nangemikhumbi Yomphakathi

Ohulumeni bendawo bangaxhasa imikhankaso yezempilo [[FLT: 0] e-anti-stigma [ ejwayelekile yokufuna usizo lwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Amadolobha anjengeSan Francisco aye asebenzisa izimemezelo zenkonzo yomphakathi, izikhangiso, izikhangiso, nezokuxhumana ukuze aphikise izibalo eziguquguqukayo. Izikhulu ezidinga imfundo yezempilo yengqondo phakathi naphakathi nasesikolweni esiphakeme zisiza futhi ekulungiseni izingxoxo ezivamile mayelana nokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, nokuvimbela ukuzibulala.

Ukukhuluma Ngempilo Engakhethi: Amaphoyisa Asondelene Nezingxabano

Umehluko wempilo awugwemeki, kodwa ubangelwa yizimiso zomlando nezikhona ezihlelekile eziye zasiza amaqembu athile. Ohulumeni bendawo baya bamukela [[FLT: 0] ungwengwezi lwe-equcy lens [ ukubukeza zonke izinqubo, kusukela ezindaweni zokuhlala kuya ekuthuthweni kwezokusebenza.

Ukuncintisana Kobuhlanga

Amanye amadolobha manje adinga ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela elinganayo ekuhlolweni kwezimiso ezinkulu, ukuhlaziya ukuthi angazithinta kanjani amaqembu ahlukene ezinhlanga nabezizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokumisa isibhedlela esisha, idolobha lingahlola ukuthi indawo yesakhiwo nenkonzo kuzoba khona yini kumnyama, Latino, ne-Inoral.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nendalo Kakho

Izimiso eziklanywe ngaphandle komfakela womphakathi zivame ukuhluleka ukubhekana nezidingo zangempela. Ohulumeni bendawo abatshala izimali kumphakathi onezimo eziqinile wamabhodi ahamba phambili , amahholo edolobha, kanye nokusebenzisa imali yokuhlela izakhi zohlelo lwempilo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kangcono. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokubhema oluhlelwa ngemuva nezakhamuzi zomphakathi ophansi lungakhululeki kakhulu ekukhulumeni nabacindezeli abacindezelekile njengezindlu ezintengantengantenga shwi .

Ukusekela Imishini Ethuthukisa Impilo

Imibhobho yenzuzo enikezelwe ingaqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo eziqondiswe kahle zixhaswa ngemali eqinile. Izinketho zihlanganisa intela yoshukela-shukela ngokukhethekile ezinkokhelweni zezempilo. , intela ye-FLT]tocco[, nentela ehloniphekile [[FLT]] ibhathengwayo] ngokukhethekile ezinkonzweni zezempilo. [Boulder, Colorado, isebenzisa inzuzo yayo yentela ukuxhasa i-interlate, imfundo yokondleko, kanye nezinhlelo zempilo ezibonisa ukuthi ubuntwana, ukudla, nokuzuza yonke inzuzo inzuzo isebenza ukuphila.

Ukushintsha Ukuziphatha Ukuze Kuthuthuke Ngokuqhubekayo

Inkambiso ingcono kakhulu uma isetshenziswa futhi ikhona imiphumela. Ohulumeni bendawo badinga izimiso eziqinile ukuze kulandelelwe i-metric ezempilo futhi kulungiswe izindlela ezivumelanayo. Lokhu kudinga data comctive colorration short , ngokuvamile ekusebenzelaneni namayunivesithi noma iminyango yezempilo.

Izinsongo Zempilo (HIA)

I-HIA iyithuluzi elihlola imiphumela yempilo ekhona yesimiso esihlongozwayo noma umsebenzi othile. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo manje bafuna i-HIA ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa izwe noma amasu okuhamba. Ngokwesibonelo, i-HIA yomgwaqo omusha ingase yembule ukuthi ingandisa ukungcola komoya endaweni yesikole eseduze, iholele ekuklabeni izinguquko ezivikela amaphaphu abantwana. Nakuba i-HIA ingaboshiwe, inikeza ubufakazi obungashintsha umbono womphakathi nezinto eziza kuqala kwezombangazwe.

Ukulandisa Okusebenzayo

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo ingathatha izikhombo zedashboard [] . Ukulungisa izinto ezinjengezinga lokugoma izingane, amazinga okulala esifuba, nokuhanjelwa kwezempilo engokwengqondo, nokubona ukuthi izimiso ziyasebenza yini. Uma uhlelo luhluleka ukuhlangabezana nezikhombi zalo, abaholi bendawo kufanele bakulungele ukuhlelwa noma ukuvuselelwa [.

Ukuhlola Komphakathi Nokuhlola Okunengxenye

Ngaphezu kokwaziswa okungalingani, ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe balalele izakhamuzi. Ukuhlola kwezempilo yomphakathi njalo, amaqembu abhekisa phambili, kanye nezikhawu zokulalela kunikeza ukuqonda okungakholeki izinombolo kuphela. Okungamalungu omphakathi okungathathwa ngamalungu omphakathi [ kungathathwa njengokufanelekile futhi kuveze izinzuzo eziqhubekayo.

Isiphetho: Umsebenzi Oqhubekayo Wokwakha Imiphakathi Enempilo

Izimiso zendawo azimi ndawonye; zinamabhukwana aphilayo adinga ukunakwa njalo, ukuhlelwa kwemithetho, nokuhlelwa. Kusukela ebhodini elivumela insimu yomphakathi ukuya emkhandlwini wedolobha ukuthi izimali zenkampani yezengqondo ehambayo, zonke izinqumo zithumela umyalezo wokuthi imicimbi yezempilo elinganayo. Izinhlangano ezifaka intuthuko esemthethweni, izinhlelo ezisekelwe ebufakazini zidinga ukuthuthukiswa: amazinga aphansi esifo esingamahlalakhona, ubude besikhathi sokuphila, nokunciphiselwa kwempilo. Kodwa lenzuzo iyantengantenga. Imali iyawohloka, inguquko ekwakheni kwezombangazwe, futhi ingenzeka intuthuko ngokushesha. Isifundo esiyinhloko siwukuthi [FLD:] intuthuko engcono engcono, izakhiwo zezentengingo, iqala ukunikezwa izakhamuzi, izikhulu ezilwazi, futhi izikhulu eziqondene ngokuqondana kwezimiso zomphakathi, futhi ziqondanisa inqubo yomphakathi womphakathi womphakathi weze ukhetha ukuguqula inqubo yempilo, njengoba kuthanda ukuba ibhulo olungcono, uma kungcono, uma kungubo, kungubo bonke ababhisho umphakathi weqembu ukuba uhulumeni