Kusukela i-United Kingdom yashiya i-European Union ngo-31 January 2020, i-Ireland kuye kwadingeka icabangisise ngokuyisisekelo ngobuhlobo bayo bokuhwebelana nomakhelwane wayo oseduze. I-UK ngokomlando ibingumngane wezohwebo omkhulu kakhulu e-Ireland, ifaka i-95 yezindawo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-Ireland, futhi inengxenye enkulu kakhulu. I-Brethin ihlola indlela entsha yokudayisa i-Irish, nokususa umphakathi ngokunye, ukuphoqelela abenzi bemithetho ye-Irish, abaholi bebhizinisi, futhi inikeza abaphathi bamaketanga ukuba bamukele ibhizinisi elingcono kakhulu (* futhi ivame ukuvama kwe-itwed sh train train. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela i-Breinting elungisa ngayo izinhlelo ze-UK, ukuhlelwa okusheshayo okuthatha inqubo ye-Dublin ne-Bristes, kanye nalokho okuphethe iziqhingi ezisemuva.

Ubuhlobo Bezohwebo Bangaphambi Kwe - PrésaBr Exit

Ngaphambi kokuba i-UK ivote ukuba ishiye i-EU ngo-2016, ukuhwebelana phakathi kwe-EU ne-UK kwasebenza ngaphansi komthungo we-European Single Market ne-Cromes Union. IMadoll, izinkonzo, nenhloko- dolobha kwahamba ngokukhululekile ngaphesheya koLwandle lwase-Ireland ngaphandle kwemidanti, akukho zimemezelo zokulawula, futhi akukho kuphikisana okuncane. I-Ireland yathumela i-URland interland integ 16 ezigidi zezigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-16 zezimpahla eUK unyaka ngamunye, kusukela emikhiqizo ye-agripractive (if, umfula, umsi, ukudla, ukudla okuphekiwe) ukuya ekuthakazeni kwezindawo ezibandayo. I-UK, ngokungaphezulu, i-Unichse i-Unichse i-Unichse ikhiqiza imali eningi kakhulu ezindaweni zokuthengisa, noma imikhiqizo ye-U.

Izingxabano Nezinselele Ezisheshayo

Lapho i - UK ishiya i - Single Market and Custom Union ye - EU ekupheleni kuka - 2020, ubuhlobo obusha kwezohwebo (obuphawulwe i - EU ûUK Trade and Cooperation Advrance Treace) babangela ukungezwani okukhulu ngobusuku obubodwa. Ngisho nakuba i - TCA yakhipha izimemezelo zezimpahla eziningi (okuthi yazenza yahlangabezana nemithetho yemvelaphi), ayizange isuse izimemezelo zamasiko, inqubo yokuhlola ihlanzeka ne - phytosantaitary, noma isidingo sokuvumelana nemibuso emibili ehlukene elawulayo.

Ukwehlukana

Izinkampani zase-Ireland ezakhipha izakhi noma izinto ezikhiqizwa yi-UK zabhekana nokulibala ngokungazelele emachwebeni lapho iziphathimandla zezentela nhlangothi zombili zoLwandle lwase-Irish zilwa nezinqubo ezintsha. Abanye abakhiqizi babika ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwezinto okwake kwathatha usuku olulodwa manje kwadingeka kuze kube isonto. Lokhu kubambezela kwaphoqelela izimboni eziningi ukuba zibambe amasheya amakhulu, ukunyuka kwezindleko zokuvikela izikhali nokubopheka inhloko-nkampane. Imishini yokuthutha i-injini ekwazi ukuthwala imishini enjengezentengiselwano nezolimo yezolimo yezentengiselwano. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Irish Food Board (Bord Bia) yaphawula ukuthi abakhiqizi bezokudla, ikakhulukazi, bazama ukuthwala inhloko yenkampane yokuhlola nokulawula izakhiwo ze-UK.

Izindleko Ezengeziwe Zebhizinisi Lesiphambano

Imishini yokuthumela iposi, i-odokisi yokuthumela, i-software ethunyelwe ngaphandle, kanye ne-software elandelwayo konke kwenezelwe izindleko kuzo zonke izikhangiso. Ukuhlola kwa 2022 okwenziwa yi-Irish Transporters Association kwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-70 efemu yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe abika izindleko eziphakeme kusukela e-Brexit, njengoba ezinye zibona ukwanda kwenani elingaphezu kwamashumi amabili% kuthunyelwa. Lezizindleko zazibuhlungu kakhulu ku-SMEs, ezazingenasikali sokuzithenga. Ukuphendula, izinkampani eziningi zase-Ireland zanciphisa ukuthembela kwazo ku-UK enkampaninistrys zaqala ukufuna ezinye izindlela zokuzimpahla e-EU, e-Asia, noma ngaphakathi e-Ireland.

Isimiso Sokuhlukanisa

Ngaphandle kwamasiko, i-UK yaqala ukwakha isimiso sayo sokulawula ezindaweni ezinjengokuphepha kokudla, ukubhaliswa kwamakhemikhali (UK RACH), nezindinganiso zomkhiqizo. Abadayiswa kwamanye amazwe e-IRLAND abadayisa kokubili i-EU ne-UK manje kwadingeka ukuba bavumelane nemithetho emibili ehlukene, bahlobise, futhi bagcine imigqa ehambelanayo. Ngokuqondene ne-izekhemisi, i-Ireland iyindawo yembulunga yonke ebanzi . [1] Le profrgence yakha izinqubo zemithi ezibiza imali ephindwe ka-2006-approval ze-octives ze-opy yezak amacebo e-UK.

Ukusabela Okuhlelekile Kwabenzi Bezimiso Namabhizinisi Ase - Ireland

Uma iqaphela ukuthi ubuhlobo bezohwebo bakudala babushintshe ngokungenakulungiseka, i-Ireland yasebenzisa icebo eliningi eliqinisekile lokunciphisa umonakalo nokwakha ukuqina. Le mizamo iye yahilela izinhlangano zikahulumeni (Entempre Ireland, I-IDA Ireland, iBord Bia), i-European Union, kanye nesigaba esizimele esisebenza edangeni elincibilikile.

Ukuhlukana Kwamabhizinisi Akwamanye Amazwe

Ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu lwezinqubo zemisebenzi luye lwaba ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-UK. ama-Irish athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokushesha e-U.K. kwasuka ku-RCII yehla kusuka ku-RSDRLERD eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-202020 kuya ku-CR20,5 nge-2023 (ukwehla kwekhulu lezigidi ngo-2023 (ukuncipha kwenani le-15%, nakuba ngokwengxenye kuveza ukunyuka kwamandla emali kwegebe). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-EU kwamanye amazwe enyuka ngekhulu le-12% ngenkathi efanayo, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-US, iChina, nezinye izimakethengiso zase-Asia kwanda ngokushesha kakhulu. I-Interpriset Divisiony" yanikeza iziphakamiso kanye nempi yokusiza izimboni ezintsha, ikakhulukazi ezwekazini eliphakathi, eMelika ephakathi, kanye naseNyaka eNtshonalanga (20) phakathi kwekhulu le-U.

Izakhiwo Ezithuthukisiwe Ezikhungweni Nezimboni

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomthwalo omusha wezetheku, uhulumeni wase-Ireland wafaka imali eningi ezindaweni zezesisekelo setheku nasemasiteshi e-odagi. I-Dublin, iPort, ephatha ukuhwebelana okuningi ne-UK, yasungula izakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlola, yandisa amasitebhishi ayo, futhi yathumela isimiso se-minucture prepreprepreblicalance (i-“iPuppal”). IPort of Roslare, manje esebenza njenge-ollbacteur àon/roff exhine ne-ibhulovray eFrance, ibone ukwanda kwemiqulu engu-40% yempahla phakathi kuka-2020 no-2024. Uhulumeni wafaka ne-mbanda i-crin-partless, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-operalcroll ingasusa ngaphandle kokulibala kwemida.

Izinguquko Zesimiso Nezivumelwano Zezohwebo

I-Ireland yasebenza eduze ne-European Commission ukuxoxa ne-EUÚK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, eyagcina ukuhweba okukhululekile kwempahla eningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ireland yaphishekela imizamo yokukhuthaza ukuhweba ngemishini namahhovisi okuhweba. Uhulumeni wasungula “i-Briexit Readieting Grant” yecebo le-SMEs, ithembisa ukunikezela ngenkampani ukuze iqashe abameli beze emasimini, izisebenzi zesitimela, noma ithenge izixazululo. Abaphathi be-Geneconsoli baphinde bathathe uhlelo olusekela kakhulu lokusiza izimende zamabhizinisi ukuba abhali, unciphise isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuqashe izinqubo ezintsha.

Ukusebenzisa Amanani Nokuzihambela Kwebhizinisi

Amafemu amaningi ase-Ireland afake amathuluzi e-octal okulawula izinqubo zamasiko, ukuthunyelwa kwemishini, nokuqinisekisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-software yokumemezela amasiko ezenzekelayo, ukugcinwa kwemikhondo eqinile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-AI. Ukuhlola izingozi ze-U. i-U.Nentprise “Digal Trade” uhlelo lwe-Irland lunikeze i-corikodings ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yokuguqula imishini, isiza izinkampani ukuba zihlele imishini yazo yezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano (ERP) ngezimiso zezemidalo. Lokhu kuhlola akuzange kunciphise nje kuphela umthwalo ohambisana nomthwalo kodwa futhi kwenza amafemu ase-Ireland ancintinyela kakhulu embonini yezentengo yomhlaba wonke.

Ithonya Lehlelo: Abaphumelele Nabalahlekelwayo

Imiphumela ye-Breexit emasubeni ezokuhwebelana e-Ireland ayilingani ezingxenyeni ezithile. Ezinye izimboni ziye zabona ukwehla okukhulu kwentengiselwano e-UKchitabor, kuyilapho ezinye ziye zazivumelanisa ngokushesha noma ngisho namathuba amasha.

Ukudla Okungama - Agri 76: Ihlelo Elidalulwe Kakhulu

Ingxenye yokudla yase-Ireland, ethumela ingxenye enkulu yenyama yenkomo, yobisi, futhi ilungise ukudla e-UK, yashabalaliswa kakhulu. Imingcele engaqiniswayo i-UK, yathinteka kakhulu. Imingcele engaqiniswayo − yokuhlanzeka kanye ne-phytosantary (SPS) ihlola (izinsuku eziqiniswe kakhulu) zempiko ye-Irish nezindleko eziphawulekayo. Ukuthunyelwa kwenyama yenkomo yase-Urland ehle nge 25% phakathi kwe-2019 ne 2023, kuyilapho izitebhuthi zobisi zinciphe ngo-18%. Nokho, ingxenye iye yasabela ngokwenabela ezimaketheni ze-EUUC (lapho imfuyo ephezulu ye-Irish nebhotelayo) ihlala iqinile futhi ngokwenezela ngenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ekhishwe nge-okhemicrini. Imishini yokudla ibuye ithengwa e-UKrasi encikelwe emfucushweni ye-ult. I-Grearn, i-Grole i-Grearn, i-Groa

Imithi Nesayensi Yokuphila

I-Ireland ingumholi wezwe ekukhiqizeni imithi nabezokwelapha, nezinkampani ze-pharma eziyisishiyagalolunye eziphezulu ezisebenza lapho. I-UK iyimakethe enkulu, futhi ingxenye yabhekana nezinselele ezimbili ezihlangene ngemva kwe-Bregit. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthunyelwa kwezindawo eziningi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Ireland zi-intrapécompany (umz., kusukela embonini yase-Ireland ukuya engxenyeni ye-UK esebenzayo ezweni lonke), amafektha akwazi ukuphinde abeke amaketanga ezinto ezimpompi ngokulula. Izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zagcinwa “izingasese” futhi zifakwe ngokuvunyelwa okulinganayo. Imiphumela ye-pharma i-ose-U incill iye ehle kakhulu, kanti izindleko ezilinganiselwa ku-4% ziye zandala izindleko.

Izinkonzo Nemali Eningi

Ibhizinisi lezentengiselwano phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-UK liye labonakala liqinile kunentengiselwano, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi i-TCA ayihlanganisi izinkonzo eziningi. Izimali, umthetho, nokuhlola izakhiwo ze-Irish ziye zagcina ukuxhumana okuqinile neLondon, nakuba umsebenzi othile washintshwa ukusuka eDolobheni ukuya eDublin nakwezinye izikhungo ze-EU. Imboni yezezimali ezikhubazekile i-UKōreculrein, ifaka i-EUCreatting espen, njengoba idinga i-EU esekelwe ezinkonzweni zemali e-E ukuya e-Libestmarket. Lokhu kuye kwandisa ingxenye yezinkonzo zezezimali zase-Ireland, kodwa futhi kwasho ukuthi amafemu ase-Ireland e-Irish processsss internationals.

Izinto Ezimnandi Nezokuthenga

Ingxenye yesitolo yabhekana nokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo kakhulu. I-Musgrave Group (umnini-mathere nezindawo zosizo ezabangela ingxenye enkulu yemikhiqizo yabo evela e-UK yabhekana namashelefu angenalutho ekuqaleni kuka-2021 njengoba amaketanga evaliwe. Abathengisi abaningi bashintshela ngokushesha kubathengisi be-EU noma bathuthukise ezinye izindlela zasekhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Musgrave Group (umnikazi we-SuperValu ne-Centra) yaveza i-tempra engxenye enkulu yemisebenzi yayo enciphindiwe, inciphisa imigqa yayo eqinile isuka ku-UKPASING ku-30% kuya ku-15% engaphansi kweminyaka emibili.

Indima Ye - EU Nezivumelwano Ezintsha Zohwebo

Icebo lokuhweba le-Ireland ngemva kwe-86Brexit liye lalolongwa kakhulu yizinhlondla zalo eziqhubekayo ze-EU. I-EU iye yaxoxa ngezivumelwano ezintsha zohwebo nabantu abasebenza nabo njenge-Canada (CETA), iJapane (EPA), ne-Mercosur (ngokusekela), konke okunikeza ezinye izimpahla zase-Ireland. I-Global Gateway ehamba phambili nezinguquko zayo ezintsha isekela futhi abathumeli bama-Ireland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Europe Commission iye yanikeza isiqondiso nezimali kumabhizinisi ase-Ireland ukuze ahambele phambili i-UKbonelone.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Ireland iye yaphishekela ukuhwebelana kwezohwebo lwe-bidal. Uhulumeni wase-Ireland uye wasayina incwadi yezokuqonda ne-Australia, i-New Zealand, kanye namazwe amaningana ase-Asia ukuze athuthukise ukuhwebelana nokutshala imali. Lezi zivumelwano, nakuba zingekho ngokwesilinganiso se-EU., zisiza izinkampani zase-Ireland ukuba zinciphise ukuncishiswa kwazo okungokomlando emakethe ye-UK.

Imithetho YaseNyakatho Ireland Nezici Zayo Eziyinkimbinkimbi

Akukho kuxoxisana ngamasu e-Ireland e-Ireland engaziqeda ngaphandle kokukhuluma nge-Erland of Northern Ireland Protocol (manje i-Windsar Framework). Lelilungiselelo ligcina i-Northern Ireland ihlangene ngokuphumelelayo namasiko e-EU kanye nemithetho yemakethe eyodwa yempahla, okusho ukuthi ukuhweba phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-Northern Ireland kuhlala kungenamdlalidi. Nokho, ukuhweba phakathi kwe-URwanda ne-Great Britain kugcwele i-EUA. Lokhu kuye kwaba nomphumela oyindida: nakuba kuye kwenza umngcele wesiqhingi sase-Ireland “wangabonakali,” uye wadala i-deo emngceleni we-Rrish ohlala e-Irish oLwandle lase-Ireland. Imboni ye-Ireland eqhubeka nokunempucul, kodwa leyo yezohwebo ne-Scotland, i-Welland i-Forniend (endline) i-200 i-inded trad trandssssssssssssssssssss i-erryd Ireland,

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuzinza Nokuvumelana Nezimo

Njengoba i - UK ne - EU ziqhubeka zivumelanisa nobuhlobo bazo obusha, amasu okuhwebelana e - Ireland kuyodingeka ahlale enamandla.

  • Ukushintshahluka okuphindaphindiwe: abathuthi bama-Irish abathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe bazoqhubeka befuna izimakethe e-Asia, eMpuma Ephakathi, nase-Afrika, eziqhutshwa kokubili ngesidingo nangethuba. i-Trade ne-Project 202328 ibhekene nokwanda okungu 25% kwezimakethena ezingangeni ezingongongo ngo-2028.
  • Ukuhlanganisa okunciphileyo kwe-EU: i-Ireland kulindeleke ukuba iqinise indima yayo njengesango lokuhweba nge-Atlantic, ithathe amalungu ayo e-EU ukuze ikhange ukutshala imali enkampanini ye-US ne-Asia efuna ukukhokha imakethe eyodwa.
  • Izinguquko ze-digital neluhlaza: izisekelo ezimasiteji e-minustry, eÚnicce, kanye nezingagcinwayo zizosiza izimboni zase-Ireland ukuba zinciphise izindleko kanye kanye kanye. Ikharbon Bordnet Mechanism ye-EU nayo iyakuthonya ukuhamba kwezohwebo, ne-Ireland izibeka njengomholi othumela izimpahla eziphansi.
  • [[NTL:0] I-Prothelisation ye-UKÍEU ye-rapchebrary: Uma i-UK ne-EU ziphendukela ezindinganisweni ezihambelana kakhulu (njengoba kuye kwaxoxwa ngokuphepha kokudla namakhemikhali), ezinye zezingxabano zezentengiselwano zingadamba. Nokho, ukungaqiniseki kwezombangazwe kwenza lokhu kungabikezeleki.
  • Isimiso esiqhubekayo sisekela: I-Exprise Ireland, Bord Bia, ne-IDA zizoqhubeka zinikeza ukusekela okungokwezimali nokukhuthaza ukusiza izinkampani ukuba zikwazi ukulawula izinselele eziqhubekayo ze-Brexit[1] futhi zithathe amathuba amasha.

Isiphetho

I-Brexit ngokuyisisekelo ilungise amaqhinga e-Irish ne-UK, iphoqelela ushintsho olusuka ekuxabaneni, ukuhlangana okujulile nophawulwe imithwalo yokuphatha, izindleko eziphakeme, nokuphindelelana. I-Ireland iye yasabela ngokushintsha izinjongo zayo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngokuthuthukisa izisekelo zayo ezingokomzimba nezingokobuchwepheshe, nokulungisa kabusha i-atractic yayo yenqubo yayo ye-U. Nakuba ukushaqeza kwe-20202020202021 kudlulile, ushintsho olude lokwakhiwa kusekhona. Ukuzinziwa okuboniswa amabhizinisi ase-Ireland (*) amaningi ashinqikelele amaketanga awo okunakekela nokuthola amaketanga amaketanga amasha amakethe ayo, futhi abuhlungu, nakuba kukhulunyele kakhulu, futhi kudlulele, futhi kunezimo ezingokohwebo eziphambili. Inqubo yokulungisa i-UK iyaqhubeka ukusekela ukusekela kwalokhu kuvuseneleleka kwezentengo, lapho kungenakuvunyelwa khona ngokuqhubekayo, lapho kungenziwa khona ngokuqhubekayo, uma kungenziwanga.