Table of Contents
Ukuqonda ukuthi amavoti abalwa kanjani kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda isimiso sokhetho lukamongameli waseMelika. Inqubo ye-Electoral College imelela esinye sezici ezihluke kakhulu zentando yeningi yase-United States, ezihilela izigaba eziningi, izilinganiso eziqinile, nezinqubo ezicophelelayo eziqinisekisa ukudluliswa ngokuthula kwamandla njalo eminyakeni emine.
Iyini Ikholiji Lase - Electoral?
I-Electoral College ayiyona indawo engokoqobo kodwa kunalokho inqubo eyamiswa yi-United States Constitution yokukhetha umongameli nesekela likamongameli. OFata Abasungulwayo bayimisa eMthethweni, ngokwengxenye, njengokuvumelana phakathi kokukhethwa kukaMongameli ngevoti eMkhandlwini nokhetho lukaMongameli ngokuvota okuthandwayo kwezakhamuzi ezifanelekayo.
Inqubo ye-Electoral College ihlanganisa ukukhethwa kwabavoti, umhlangano wabavoti lapho bevotela khona uMongameli noMongameli ongumKhosi, nokubala amavoti abavoti abavoti abavela kuKhongolo. Le nqubo ethatha izitebhisi eziningi iye yaba yingxenye eyinhloko yokhetho lomongameli waseMelika kusukela ekusungulweni kwesizwe, nakuba iye yashintsha ngokulungisa komthetho-mthetho emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka.
Inani Eliphelele Lemisebe Ye - electoral
Kukhona abavoti abangu-538 manje, kuhlanganise neWashington, D.C. abavoti abathathu. Leli nani alizange lishintshe kusukela ngo-1964 futhi limelela ukubala okuqondile okusekelwe ekwakhekeni kukahulumeni kahulumeni.
Amavoti aphelele ango-538, abonisa ama-Senator ayi-100 + 435 Abameleli 3 ku-DC. Ukuze uzuze umongameli, kudingeka amavoti amaningi kuphela (270 noma ngaphezulu) ukuze kukhethwe umongameli nesekela likamongameli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu ozovota okungenani amavoti angu-270 kuma-58 atholakalayo ukuze athole ukunqoba.
Indlela I - Electoral Votes Ethonywa Ngayo E - United States
Ukwanda kwamavoti phakathi kwezifundazwe kulandela uhlelo lomthetho - sisekelo oluhlobanisa abameleli bomphakathi. Ukuqonda lokhu kunikezwa kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi kungani amazwe ahlukene ethwala izisindo ezingafani kukhetho lukamongameli.
Indlela Yomthetho - sisekelo
UHulumeni ngamunye wabelwa inani lamavoti alingana nenani lamaSenators nabameleli kubaphathi bawo base-U.S. .N.a kumavoti amabili abaHluleli bawo eSigele sase-U.S. kanye namavoti amaningana alingana nenani lezifunda zaso zobumba. Lendlela iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amazwe, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu, anezwi elithile ekukhethweni kukamongameli.
Ngenxa yokuthi wonke umbuso unezikhulu ezimbili futhi okungenani nommeleli oyedwa, ngisho nezifunda ezingazaciwa kakhulu zithola amavoti okungenani amathathu.
Indima Yokubala
Njalo eminyakeni eyishumi, iUnited States yenza ukubalwa kwabantu ukuze ibale inani labantu, futhi lemiphumela inquma ukuthi bangaki abameleli abathola isifundazwe ngasinye eMzini wabameleli.
Njalo eminyakeni eyishumi, imiphumela yenani lokubala inquma indlela izihlalo ezibekwa ngayo eNdlu yabameleli, futhi imibuso ingathola noma ilahlekelwe amavoti akhethiweyo ngokufanelekile. Izindawo zisekelwe ekuqulweni kwenani lenani lama-2020 futhi ziyasebenza okhethweni lukamongameli luka-2024 no-2028.
Washington, D.C.'s Electoral Votes
Ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo se-23 soMthetho-sisekelo, i-Driestrict yaseColumbia yabelwa abavoti abathathu futhi iphathwa njengeSizwe ngezinjongo ze-Electoral College. Lenguquko, eyagunyazwa ngo-1961, yanikezwa izakhamuzi zenhloko - dolobha yesizwe ilungelo lokuhlanganyela kukhetho lobumongameli, nakuba zingakamelani ngokugcwele nomongameli.
Indlela Abaphehli Abakhethwa Ngayo
Ngaphambi kokuba kubale amavoti akhethiwe, abavoti kumelwe bakhethwe kuqala. Le nqubo yokukhetha iyahluka ngokwezwe kodwa ilandela izindlela ezivamile ezimiswe umthetho wezwe nezinqubo zeqembu lezombangazwe.
Inqubo yokukhetha
Amaqembu ezombangazwe ombuso ngamunye akhetha eyawo isigwebo sawo siqu sabavoti, futhi ubani okhethwa ukuba abe yikhetho, indlela, futhi uma ehluka ngokwezwe. Abaphethili ngokuvamile bakhethwa izikhulu noma amalungu eqembu elikhulu, futhi isishaya-mthetho ngasinye sinquma inqubo nesikhathi sokukhetha abavoti baso.
Nokho, kunemithetho evimbela ukuthi ubani ongasebenza njengomkhethi. ISiphakamiso II soMthetho-sisekelo sivimbela abahleli be-sensinant namalungu eSishaya-mthetho ukuba bakhonze njengabakhethi. Lokhu kuhlukana kuqinisekisa ukuthi amagatsha emithetho nezikhulu ahlala ehlukile phakathi nenqubo yokhetho.
Okwenzekayo Lapho Udlala
AmaMelika amaningi awaqapheli ukuthi lapho efaka ivoti yawo ngoSuku Lokhetho, awavoti ngokuqondile umlandeli womongameli. Uma uvotela umPresidenti, awuvoti umongameli. Utshela uHulumeni wakho ukuthi yimuphi ofuna uMbuso wakho avote emhlanganweni wabavoti.
Lapho amaMelika efaka amavoti awo ngoSuku Lokhetho, akhetha ngokobuchwepheshe isaziso sabekhetheli abazimisele ukusekela ukukhetha kwabo umongameli nomongameli. I-United States isebenzisa lemiphumela yokhetho oluvamile (oyaziwa nangokuvota okuthandwayo) ukumisa abavoti babo, futhi iqembu lezombangazwe eliphumeleleyo loMbuso likhetha abantu abazoba abavoti.
Impumelelo ethatha zonke izintambo. Izimiso zokuhlola
Ukuqonda lezi zindlela ezihlukahlukene kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela imikhankaso kamongameli ehlelwe ngayo ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi nokuthi kungani amazwe athile enakwa kakhulu kunamanye.
Impumelelo Ithatha Zonke Izimiso
Wonke amaZwe, ngaphandle kwe-Maine ne-Nebraska, anenkambiso enqobayo lapho uHulumeni ebheka khona kuphela umnqobi wombuso wonke othandwayo. Ezifundazweni ezingu-48 nase Washington, D.C., umnqobi uthola wonke amavoti akhethiwe alesosifunda.
Lendlela ethatha yonke isho ukuthi umuntu owina umbuso ngisho nangezinga elincane uthola wonke amavoti kahulumeni. Lesimiso sinezici eziphawulekayo zezindlela zomkhankaso, njengoba abazofuna ukuzuza begxila kakhulu kulokhu kuncintisana "kuhamba kwezifunda" lapho umphumela ungaqinisekile.
Indlela Eyingqayizivele KaMaine NeNebraska
Maine noNebraska bamisa abavoti ngabanye abasekelwe ekutholeni umvunyelelo wevoti ethandwayo esifundeni ngasinye saseKhongolose bese kulandela 2 "akhulisiwe" abavoti abasekelwe ekunqobeni kwevoti ethandwa nguhulumeni wonke. Lesimiso sohlelo sivumela lezi zifunda ukuba zihlukanise amavoti azo akhethiwe phakathi kwabazo.
Nakuba kungavamile ukuba iMaine noma iNebraska ivoti ehlukene, ngayinye iye yenza kanjalo kabili: iNebraska ngo - 2008, iMaine ngo - 2016, futhi kokubili iMaine neNebraska ngo - 2020. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi nakuba indlela yesifunda sesifunda sesifunda sesifunda ingenza imiphumela ehlukene, isuke ingavamile ngisho nakulezi zifunda ezimbili.
Isitifiketi Sesiqinisekiso
Ngemva koSuku Lokukhetha, izifundazwe kumelwe zibhale imiphumela yalo ngokukhetha ngenqubo engokomthetho yokufaka isitifiketi. Le mibhalo isebenza njengesisekelo esingokomthetho sevoti ye-Electoral College.
Ngemva kokhetho oluvamile, uMphathi weSishayamthetho woMbuso wakho uhlela isitifiketi sonobumba lwezitifiketi ezikhombiwe zamagama abo bonke abantu ababodwa eziletini kulowo nalowo ozobhapathizwa, inani lamavoti atholwa umuntu ngamunye nesiboniso ukuthi obani abamiswa njengabavoti bakaHulumeni wakho.
I-Electoral Count Reform Act ka-2022 ifuna ukuba isifundazwe ngasinye sinqume isikhulu sombuso — umbusi ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela — ukuba sibe nomthwalo wokunikeza "imvume yokuqinisekisa" ephawula abavoti bamazwe futhi ihlanganise isici sokuphepha. Lenguquko yasungulwa ukuze kuqiniswe ukuthembeka nokulondeka kwabavoti.
Noma yiziphi izimpikiswano ezisezifundazweni eziphethe abavoti kumelwe zixazululwe ngoDec. 11, 2024, lapho isikhulu esiphethe sombuso ngamunye sisayina iSitifiketi Sesiqinisekiso Sommemezelo wokhetho abakhethwe ngabavoti kukhetho oluvamile. Lo mgomo, owaziwa ngokuthi "itheku elilondekile", uqinisekisa ukuthi izifunda zinesikhathi sokuxazulula noma yiziphi izimpikiswano ngaphambi kokuba abavoti bahlangane ukuze bavote amavoti abo.
Isikhathi Nalapho Abafundi Behlangana Khona Nabafundi
Ukwenziwa kwamavoti okuvota ngokoqobo kwenzeka emasontweni ambalwa ngemva koSuku Lokhetho, kulandela i - “sline ” eyamiswa umthetho kahulumeni.
Umhlangano Ka - December
Umhlangano wabavoti uyenzeka ngoLwesibili lokuqala ngemva koLwesithathu lwesibili ngoDecember ngemva kokhetho oluvamile. Abavoti esifundeni ngasinye bahlangana ukuze bakhethe umongameli nesekela likamongameli waseUnited States, futhi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlangana ngokuqondile enhloko - dolobha yesifundazwe noma kahulumeni.
Abavoti bahlangana ezindaweni zabo, lapho bevota khona amavoti kaMongameli noMongameli ozimele kumavoti ahlukene. Lemfuneko yokuba abavoti bahlangane ezindaweni zabo, kunokuba babuthe endaweni eyodwa, yayiyisinqumo samabomu abafaki bezakhiwo ukuze banciphise ingozi yokonakala noma ithonya elingafanele.
Inqubo Yokuthutha Imikhumbi
Abavoti bamaPresidenti "bazoqamba amagama umuntu evotela njengeMongameli, futhi ngokukhetha okuhlukile umuntu ovotelwe njengoKhosi-Presidenti, futhi bayokwenza izinhlu ezihlukene zabo bonke abantu abavotelwe njengoMongameli, futhi kubo bonke abantu bavotelwe njengoKhosi-Presi, nangabo bonke abavotayo, abahlela ukuba basayine futhi bavume." Lolimi lusuka ngqo eMthethweni we-12 weSimende ukuya kuMthetho-sisekelo.
Amavoti kaHulumeni wakho abhalwe esitifiketini saseVote, esilungiselelwe emhlanganweni ngabavoti futhi sithunyelwe eSivumelwaneni, lapho amavoti abalwa khona, naseNARA, njengengxenye yamarekhodi angokomthetho okhetho lukaMongameli. Amakhophi amaningana alamaphepha akhiqizwayo athunyelwa futhi athunyelwa kuziphathimandla ezihlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amavoti aqoshwe kahle futhi agcinwe.
Ukudluliswa Kwemizila
Izitifiketi zokuvota kumelwe zamukelwe ngoLwesine ngoDecember, oluthi kulonyaka yiDec. 25. Umbhishobhi ube esedlulisela amasethi ezitifiketi kuKhomishane noma ngaphambi kokuba iSishaya-mthetho esisha sihlangane ngoJan. 3, 2025. Le mithetho eqinile emisiwe iqinisekisa ukuthi amavoti okhetho abhalwe kahle futhi adluliselwe phambi kwesimiso sokubala.
Abasekeli Abangenalukholo: Ingabe Abakhanyiseli Bangakhuluma Ngokuhlukile?
Umbuzo ovame ukuphakama ukuthi abavoti kuyadingeka yini ukuba bavotele othola ivoti ethandwayo kahulumeni. Impendulo iyahluka ngokwezwe futhi ibiyindaba yezinselele ezingokomthetho.
Abaphethisi ababoshelwa nguMthetho-sisekelo noma umthetho kahulumeni ukuba bavote ngokwevoti ethandwayo ezweni labo; nokho, amazwe angu-38 neWashington, D.C., anemithetho efuna abavoti ukuba bavote umbhalisa weqembu labo abathembiswe ukubhalisa. Lemithetho kazwelonke izimisele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti bahlonipha intando yabavoti abawakhethayo.
Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme eChiafalo v. Washington (2020) sanquma ukuthi izifundazwe zivunyelwe ukuphoqelela izijeziso − kuhlanganise nezinhlawulo, ukuthatha indawo njengokhetho, nokuququlwa kwecala okungase kubekwe ("abavoti abangenalukholo,"" noma labo abavota ngokumelene nevoti ethandwayo esifundazweni sabo. Lesi sinqumo sacacisa ukuthi igunya lomthetho-sisekelo libopha abavoti babo emphumeleni odumile.
Inqubo Yokubala Yama - Congress
Isigaba sokugcina nokubonakala kakhulu sokuvota kwabavoti kuyenzeka eSishaya - mthetho, lapho amalungu awo womabili ahlangana khona ukuze ahlanganise imiphumela futhi amemezele ukuthi unqobile kukhetho lukamongameli.
Isimiso Esihlangene Sezingqungquthela
Amavoti agunyazwa uhulumeni ngamunye abalwa eqenjini elihlangene leSishaya-mthetho ngomhla wesithupha kuJanuwari ngonyaka olandela umhlangano wabavoti, lapho amalungu endlu neSigele ehlangana khona eSikhungweni sendlu ukuze aqhube izibalo ezingokomthetho zamavoti akhethiwe.
Umongameli oyisekela, njengoMongameli weSigele, uqondisa izibalo futhi umemezela imiphumela yevoti ye - Electoral College. Isekela likamongameli lizovula izitifiketi zokuvota futhi lizidlulisele emalungwini amabili endlu namalungu amabili eSigele, abala amavoti.
Isekela likaMongameli waseUnited States, njengoMongameli weSigele, lengamela izibalo ngendlela yokukhonza ngokuqinile futhi limemezela imiphumela yevoti. Lendima yemikhosi iye yacaciswa futhi yaqiniswa izinguquko zamuva ezikhethwe.
UMthetho Wenguquko Ka - 2022 We - Electoral Councial Reformation
Ngemva kwezimpikiswano ezikhona phakathi nokhetho lwama-2020, uKhongolo-kahulumeni wakhipha izinguquko ezinkulu ukuze kucaciswe futhi kuqiniswe inqubo yokuvota yokubala. ISishaya-mthetho sadlulisa u-Electoral Count Reform Act ngo-2022, eyacacisa ukuthi indima yesekela likamongameli ekuqondiseni isimiso esihlangene soMkhandlu ingokwesiko.
Lo Mthetho wenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ngamalungu e-Congress ukubekela inselele abavoti bakahulumeni ngokuphakamisa umnyango ube amaphesenti angu-20 amalungu egumbi ngalinye, kanti ngaphambili, kwakudingeka ilungu elilodwa kuphela lendlu nesikhulu esisodwa ukuba kuvuswe ukuphikiswa. Lomnyango ophakeme wenza kube lula kakhulu ukuphikisa okungenangqondo uma usalondoloza ikhono loMkhandlu lokusingatha izinkathazo ezingokomthetho.
Izisekelo Zokwenqaba
Kunezici ezimbili kuphela ezivimbelayo ezamukelekayo: ukuthi abavoti boMbuso babengagunyaziwe ngokomthetho ngaphansi kweSitifiketi Sobufakazi, noma ukuthi ukuvota komuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu akunikezwanga njalo.Lezizizathu eziwumngcingo zivimbela ukuphikisa okusekelwe ekungavumelani okuvamile nemiphumelelo yokhetho.
Uma kuphikiswa, iNdlu neSigele ziphumela emakamelweni azo ahlukene ukuze zicabangele izinzuzo zokwenqaba ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezibekwe eMthethweni weFederal. Igumbi ngalinye khona - ke linempikiswano namavoti ahlukene ukuthi yini esekela ukuphikisa.
Ukumemezela Impumelelo
Uma kunomnqobi omkhulu othola amavoti angaba ngu - 270 futhi kungekho ukuphikisa okuphumelelayo okubekwa amalungu eSishaya - mthetho, ukhetho lomongameli lufakazelwa futhi luyaqhubeka. uMongameli weSigele umemezela ukuthi yibaphi abantu, uma bekhona, abaye bakhethwa njengoMongameli noMongameli ongumsekeli waseUnited States.
Kwenzekani Uma Iningi Lingawinwa Yizintambo?
Nakuba kungavamile, isimiso se-Electoral College sihlanganisa amalungiselelo ezimo lapho kungekho mvoti ofinyelela khona amavoti adingekayo angu-270. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi ukuvota kwe-ancinc, siguqula amandla okwenza izinqumo kuKhongolo.
Indlu Idebesela UMongameli
Uma kungekho mlandeli womongameli onqoba okungenani amavoti angu - 270 (amavoti amaningi kwangu - 538 atholakalayo), ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Se - 12 soMthetho - sisekelo Indlu Yabameleli inquma ukukhethwa kukaMongameli.
Uma kudingekile, iNdlu yayikhetha uMongameli ngevoti yeningi, ikhetha phakathi kwabathathu abafuna ukuvota okukhulu kakhulu. Nokho, lokhu akuyona ivoti evamile lapho ummeleli ngamunye enevoti eyodwa.
Ivoti ingathathwa nguHulumeni, iZwe ngalinye livote i-offrey eyodwa, futhi i-Frigian of Columbia ayivoti ngoba ayinamalungu okuvota eNdlu yabameleli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iWyoming neCalifornia ziyoba nokubaluleka okulinganayo ekukhetheni umongameli ngaphansi kwalesi senzakalo.
ISigele Silahla Umongameli Oyisekela
Uma kungekho isekela likaMongameli elizuza amavoti angaba ngu - 270 (amavoti amaningi kunama - 538 akhona), ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo se - 12 iSigele sikhetha uMongameli oyisekela ngevoti eningi, sikhetha phakathi kwalabo ababili abathola inani elikhulu kunawo wonke lamavoti. Isikhulu ngasinye siyoba nevoti elilodwa.
Lenqubo kuthiwa ingaphumela kumongameli nesekela likamongameli wamaqembu ezombangazwe ahlukahlukene uma iNdlu neSigele benza ukukhetha okuhlukile.
Iziphendu Zomlando Nomthetho - sisekelo
Ukuqonda lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo kusisiza siqonde ukuthi kungani isimiso samanje sisebenza ngendlela esisebenza ngayo kusukela ekuqaleni ngo - 1787.
ISichibiyelo Se - 12
Imithetho elawula i-Electoral College ihlelwe yiSichibiyelo seshumi nanye. Lenguquko, eyagunyazwa ngo-1804, yashintsha kakhulu indlela abavoti abavota ngayo. Ekuqaleni, abavoti bavotela umongameli amavoti amabili, futhi umgijimi waba yisekela likamongameli. Lesimiso sadala izinkinga lapho amaqembu ezombangazwe evela, okwaholela enkathazweni yokhetho lwango-1800.
ISichibiyelo se - 12 sadinga abavoti ukuba bafakele umongameli nesekela likamongameli amavolontiya ahlukene, bavimbele ukudideka nezingxabano ezazingase zivele ngaphansi kwesimiso sokuqala.
ISichibiyelo Se - 23
Emlandweni omningi waseMelika, izakhamuzi zaseWashington, D.C., azikwazanga ukuvota okhethweni lukamongameli. Ukuhlelwa kweSichibiyelo sama-23 ngo-1961 kwavumela izakhamuzi zase-Frigian of Columbia ukuba zihlanganyele futhi okhethweni lukamongameli; ziye zaba nabavoti abathathu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kulungiswa kwadlulela emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zaseMelika ezazikhishwe enkonzweni kamongameli.
Indima Yezimo Zokuhlola
Izinhlangano zikahulumeni eziningana zifeza izindima ezibalulekile zokuqondisa enqubweni ye - Electoral College, nakuba zingenalo igunya ngokukhethwa kwangempela kwabavoti noma umphumela wokhetho.
IHhovisi Le - Federal Register (OFR) liyingxenye ye - National Archives Administration (NARA) futhi lihlela imisebenzi ethile ye - Electoral College phakathi kwe - United States neKhomishane, nakuba linganayo indima ekumiseni abavoti futhi alinakuxhumana nabo.
INational Archives ithola futhi igcine izitifiketi zokuvota ezingokomthetho ezivela ezweni ngalinye, igcina lamaphepha njengengxenye yomlando ohlala njalo. Le misebenzi yakudala iqinisekisa ukuba sobala futhi inikeza umthombo onegunya ngemiphumela engokomthetho yokhetho lukamongameli.
Isikhathi Senqubo Ye - Electoral College
Ukuqonda isikhathi esiphelele kusiza ukuba kucaciswe ukuthi amasigaba ahlukene enqubo ye-Electoral College ahlangana kanjani. Nakhu ukucaciswa okubanzi kwezinsuku eziyinhloko nezinsuku ezimisiwe:
Usuku lokhetho: Ukhetho oluvamile luba njalo eminyakeni emine ngoLwesibili ngemva koMsombuluko wokuqala ngoNovember. Abavota baphonsa amabhola ngencwadi yabo ekhethelwe abavoti.
I-Mid-Deceber (Indawo ye-Safecter Harbor Isifekethiso): Amazwe kumelwe axazulule noma yiziphi izimpikiswano futhi aqede isitifiketi sawo se-Astensiment, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi obani abavoti abakhethiwe.
Mid-December (Abafundi Bahlangana): Abaphehli babuthana ezinhloko- dolobha zikahulumeni zabo ukuze bavotele umongameli nesekela likamongameli.
bhate December: Izitifiketi zevoti ezisemthethweni kumele zidluliselwe kuKhongolo-mthetho naseSigodlweni seSizwe.
[[UMTL:0] uJanuary 3: ISishaya-mthetho esisha sifungwe.
January 6:[ UKhongolose luhlangana esiqephini esihlangene ukuze lubale amavoti akhethiwe futhi lumemezele onqobayo.
January 20:[ UMongameli kaMongameli noSekela uMongameli-msizi uthatha i-Oath yehhovisi abe nguMongameli we-United States kanye noMongameli ongumsizi we-United States, ngokulandelana.
Imibono Evamile Enganembile Ngemisebe Ephakeme
Kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha mayelana nokuthi amavoti abalwa kanjani nokuthi izikhulu ezihlukahlukene zifeza yiphi indima kule nqubo. Ukucacisa lokhu kungaqondani kubalulekile ukuze umphakathi uthembele esimisweni sokukhetha.
Umongameli Oyisekela Akakwazi Ukwenqaba Imisebenzi Ephambili
Enye inkolelo edidayo eyathathwa phakathi nokhetho lwama-2020 yayiwumqondo wokuthi isekela likamongameli linamandla okwamukela noma okwenqaba amavoti. I-Electoral Count Reform Act ka-2022 yacacisa ngokucacile ukuthi indima yesekela likamongameli ingowemikhosi nenkonzo kuphela. Isekela likamongameli livula izitifiketi futhi lengamele inani kodwa alinagunya lokunquma ukuthi yimaphi amavoti asemthethweni noma ukuguqula umphumela.
Imiphumela Engokomthetho Yokukhangisa Ngemithombo Yezindaba
Ngobusuku bokhetho, izinhlangano zezindaba ziveza abazuzi abasekelwe ekuhlolweni kwevoti nasekuhlolweni kwezibalo. Nokho, lezi zikhombo aziyona imiphumela esemthethweni. Inqubo engokomthetho ihlanganisa ukubhalisa kwezwe, umhlangano wabavoti ngo-December, kanye nokubaluleka kwe-conodion ngo-January. Nakuba izikhangiso zezindaba zinembile, zimelela izibikezelo eziqondiswe kusengaphambili eziqondiswe kahle kunokuba zimelele izinqumo ezingokomthetho.
Imishini Ethandwayo Nethandwayo Ihlukile
Kungenzeka uwine i-Electoral College kodwa ulahlekelwe yivoti ethandwayo, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngo-2016, 2000, futhi kathathu kuma-1800. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-Electoral College ithola amavoti ngesisekelo sikahulumeni kunokuba kusekelwe engqikithi yevoti ethandwayo yesizwe. Umfundi angazuza i-presidentian ngokuzuza amazwe anele ukuze afinyelele amavoti angu-270, ngisho noma omunye umvoti ethola ingqikithi yamavoti ezweni lonke.
Ukutholakala Ngokubona Kahle Nokungena Komphakathi
Nakuba inqubo ye - Electoral College ihilela izinqubo eziningi ezingokomthetho, kusho ukuthi zitholakala ngezinga elingakanani emphakathini ukuze zifinyelele izigaba ezihlukahlukene zale nqubo.
Ngokuvamile, abavoti bakaHulumeni ngamunye kumavoti eHulumeni, futhi uHulumeni ngamunye unquma ukuthi ukuvota kuvulekele yini noma cha emphakathini. Ezinye izizwe zivumela izakhamuzi nemithombo yezindaba ukuba ziqaphele ivoti evoti, kuyilapho ezinye ziqhuba inqubo engenawo umphakathi.
Kulabo abanesithakazelo ekuqapheleni inqubo yokuvota kahulumeni, ukuxhumana nehhovisi lombusi noma unobhala kahulumeni kunganikeza ukwaziswa mayelana nokungena komphakathi nokubuka izinqubo. Izitifiketi ngokwazo ziba amarekhodi omphakathi ake adluliselwa eNational Archives, zinikeza ukuba sobala ngisho noma inqubo yokuvota yangempela ingavulekeleli ukuqashelwa.
Ukugxekwa Nezinguquko
I - Electoral College ibilokhu ixoxwa ngayo yonke umlando waseMelika, abagxeki nabavikeli benikeza imibono ehlukahlukene ngezimfanelo zayo nezingqinamba.
Izimpikiswano Zokulungisa
Abagxeki be-Electoral College baphikisa ngokuthi idala izinkinga eziningana kuhulumeni wentando yeningi waseMelika. Lesimiso singaphumela kumongameli ongawinanga ivoti ethandwayo yesizwe, abanye abayibheka njengengenayo idemocratic. Isimiso sokunqoba esisetshenziswa yizifundazwe eziningi sisho ukuthi abafuna ukuzuza impumelelo bagxila kakhulu ekuncintisaneni kwezifundazwe kuyilapho bengazinaki kakhulu izifunda ezithi impumelelo ilindelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokwabiwa inikeza isisindo esingenakulinganiswa emazweni amancane. Ngokwesilinganiso somphakathi wamashumi amabini amahlanu alinganiselwa, ivoti eyodwa eWyoming e-operal e-operation e-194 000 kubantu abacishe babe ngu-194 000, kuyilapho ivoti eTexas, eFlorida noma eCalifornia ithumela abangaphezu kuka-70 000. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abavoti emazweni amancane banamandla akhethiweyo omnindi ngamunye kunabavoti emazweni amakhulu.
Izimpikiswano Zokulondolozwa
Abavikeli be-Electoral College baphikisa ngokuthi ifeza izinjongo ezibalulekile esimisweni sombuso waseMelika. Isimiso siqinisekisa ukuthi abazothatha ifandalente kumelwe bakhe imifelandawo ehlukene kakhulu kunokuba bagxile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi kuphela. Igcina i-United States i-odoctal College ngokunikeza amazwe athatha indima ekukhetheni umongameli.
Abasekeli baphawula futhi ukuthi i-Electoral College ivame ukuveza abanqobi abacacile futhi ifake iqhaza ekuzinzeni kwezombangazwe. Ukunqoba kwesimiso ezifundazweni eziningi kuvame ukuphakamisa isiphetho sokunqoba, kunikeza owinayo igunya elinamandla kunaleyo ekhomba i-ovote ethandwayo kuphela engasikisela.
Iqoqo Lesizwe Elithandwayo Le - Interstate
Esinye isiphakamiso senguquko esiye sathola i-National Popular Vote Interstate Compation. Ngaphansi kwalesi sivumelwano, amazwe angathatha igalelo kumavoti awo ahlawulwa umvunyele wevoti ethandwayo yesizwe kunokuba anqobe ivoti ethandwayo kahulumeni. Isivumelwano singaqala ukusebenza uma nje amazwe amelele amavoti angaba ngu-270, eqinisekisa ukuthi umnqobi wevoti othandwayo wesizwe uzoba umongameli.
Le ndlela ingavula ivoti ethandwayo yesizwe kumongameli ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba kulungiswe umthetho - sisekelo.
Izimpikiswano Zamuva Zasekholiji
Ukhetho lukamongameli lwango - 2020 lwaletha ukunakekela okuvuselelwe enqubweni ye - Electoral College futhi lwaqokomisa ukuvilapha kwalesimiso okwaholela e - Electoral Count Reformation Act ka - 2022.
Ngemva kokhetho lwama-2020, abanye abantu bazama ukwakha izikweletu ezingafani zabavoti ezisezifundazweni ezawinwa nguMongameli Biden. Ngemva kokhetho lwama-2020, olwabizwa ngokuthi "fake" abavoti bamaRepublics ezifundazweni eziyisikhombisa zempi abawinwa nguMongameli Biden wahlangana noma kunjalo futhi wavota amavoti e-Trump, futhi izigebengu zikahulumeni ziye zabekwa ngokumelene nabavoti - mbumbulu eGeorgia, eMichigan nase-Nevada.
IElectoral Count Reformation Act yakhuluma nokukhathazeka okuningi ngalokhu ngokucacisa indima engokwesiko yomongameli, iphakamise umnyango wokumelana nokumiswa kwezivumelwano, nokuqinisa inqubo yokuqinisekisa.
Imithwalo Yemfanelo Efanele Imiswe Uhulumeni
Nakuba iElectoral College iyinhlangano kahulumeni, izifundazwe zinomthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokuqhuba ukhetho nokukhetha abavoti.
UMbuso ngamunye (ohlanganisa iSifunda saseColumbia se - Electoral College) unquma indlela yokumisa abavoti bawo; nokho, kumelwe benze kanjalo ngokuvumelana nomthetho owenziwa ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho, futhi okwamanje, wonke amazwe asebenzisa imiphumela ethandwayo yokuvota kokhetho oluvamile lwango - November ukuze anqume ukuthi iliphi iqembu lezombangazwe elikhetha abantu abamiswe.
Izishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni zinegunya elikhulu lokunquma indlela yokukhetha abavoti, nakuba leli gunya lilinganiselwe. Izinkantolo ziye zathi izinkantolo kumelwe zihloniphe isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo futhi azinakukhetha amalungelo okuvota. Imfuneko yokuba kumiswe indlela ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho ivimbela ukuguqula imithetho ngemva kokubona imiphumela.
Umbono Wezizwe Zonke
I-Electoral College yase-United States ayijwayelekile phakathi kwamazwe entando yeningi. Amazwe amaningi akhetha inhloko kahulumeni noma inhloko yombuso ngokuvota noma ngokukhetha okuthandwayo. Isimiso saseMelika sibonisa isimo esikhethekile sikahulumeni wase-United States nokuhlehla okwenziwa phakathi neNgqungquthela yoMthetho-sisekelo.
Ukuqonda iElectoral College kudinga ukuqaphela ukuthi i-United States iyirepublic kahulumeni kunokuba ibe idemokrasi. Isimiso sinikeza indima ekukhetheni umongameli, siveza isimiso sokuthi umongameli umelela kokubili abantu nezifundazwe. Lo mbuso uhlukanisa isimiso saseMelika kweminye imibuso eminingi yentando yeningi.
Imithombo Yokwaziswa Okwengeziwe
Kulabo abafuna ukwaziswa okwengeziwe nge - Electoral College nokuthi amavoti akhethwe kanjani, kukhona imithombo eminingana enegunya:
Inqolobane yamaQulu eMazwe noLawulo lwe-Records ilondoloza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngenqubo ye-Electoral College, kuhlanganise nemiphumela engokomlando, izitifiketi zevoti, nezincazelo eziningili zemiklamo. Iwebhusayithi yabo ku .gov/umhleli-college inikeza umbhalo osemthethweni nemithombo yemfundo.
I- Commission yokhetho inikeza ukwaziswa ngomthetho nohlelo lwe-costal, nakuba ingenagunya eliqondile enqubeni ye-Electoral College.
Izisekelo zesifundazwe sombuso zinikeza ukwaziswa mayelana nezinqubo ezicaciwe zikahulumeni zokumisa abakhethi nokwenza umongameli. Inqubo kahulumeni ngamunye ingahluka ngemininingwane, yenza imithombo yezinga likahulumeni ibe yigugu ekuqondeni izinqubo zendawo.
Inkonzo yokucwaninga engokomthetho iveza imibiko eningiliziwe e-Electoral College enikeza umongo ongokomlando, ukuhlaziywa okungokomthetho, nezincazelo zezinqubo. Lemibiko itholakala ngamawebhusayithi ahlukene kahulumeni nemitapo.
Isiphetho
Inqubo yokubala amavoti okuvota okuvota imelela isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kodwa esihlelwe ngokucophelela esiye savela emakhulwini amabili eminyaka. Kusukela ekukhethweni kwabavoti abasekelwe kumavoti athandwa uhulumeni, ngomhlangano wabo ezinhloko - dolobha zikahulumeni ngoDecember, kuze kube isilinganiso sokugcina sengqungquthela ngoJanuary, isigaba ngasinye sifeza injongo eqondile ekuqinisekiseni ukukhethwa okungokomthetho nokusobala komongameli.
Ukuqonda le nqubo kubalulekile ekwakheni izakhamuzi ezinolwazi. Nakuba iElectoral College isalokhu iphikisana futhi iqhubeka iphikiswana, iyaqhubeka isebenza njengendlela yomthetho - sisekelo yokukhetha umongameli nesekela likamongameli wase - United States. Izinguquko ezamiswa eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi i - Electoral Count Reform Act ka - 2022, ziye zaqinisa le nqubo futhi zachaza izimpikiswano ezadala isiphithiphithiphithiphithi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu usekela noma uphikisa isimiso se-Electoral College, eqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngempela − kuhlanganise nezinqubo eziqondile zokubala amavoti akhethiwe − kungenza ukuba kungenelwe ulwazi oluthe xaxa enkulumweni yentando yeningi mayelana nokhetho lwaseMelika. Ubunkimbinkimbi besimiso bubonisa isimo sikahulumeni waseMelika kanye nokulinganisela okucophelelayo phakathi kwegunya lezwe nezwe eliye laphawula i-United States kusukela ekusungulweni kwayo.
Njengoba amaMelika eqhubeka ephikisana ngezinzuzo ze - Electoral College, inqubo eyinhloko yokubala amavoti akhethwe abavoti isalokhu iyisisekelo sokhetho lukamongameli, iqinisekisa ukuthi amandla adluliselwa ngokuthula nangokungokomthetho ngokwezinqubo ezimisiwe zomthetho - sisekelo.