I-Australian Treasury ifeza indima ebalulekile ekuxhaseni nokusekela imisebenzi yezokuthutha yomphakathi kulo lonke izwe. Ukuzama kwayo ukuthonya indlela izakhiwo zokuthutha ezikhula ngokunempumelelo nangokuphumelelayo ngayo, kuthinta izigidi zabantu base-Australia nsuku zonke. Ngokutshala kwaminyaka yonke izakhiwo zezethutho ezidlula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5, izinqumo zezimali zihlela hhayi nje izindlela ezilandelanayo kodwa futhi nomkhiqizo wezomnotho, imiphumela yendawo ezungezile, kanye nokungalingani komphakathi. Ukuqonda indlela izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izigaxa-mali, kanye nezokuthutha umphakathi okubalulekile kubantu abafaka izimali ezingenisi ezingenisi ezisukela kohulumeni bahulumeni abacebisi.

Ukubukeza Iqhinga Lokuxhasa

Isu le-Overy lihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlanganisela yezimali zikahulumeni, ukubambisana komphakathi, kanye nezinqubo zezezimali ezintsha. Lendlela enezici eziningi ihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuqinile kokuhamba komphakathi kuyilapho ulawula izingozi zezimali. Ngokungafani namanye amazwe amaningi e-OECD, i-Australia incike kakhulu ekungalinganini okumile lapho iCommonwealth iqoqa khona intela kodwa amazwe anikeza izinkonzo eziningi zokuthutha umphakathi. Ngakho izimali zisebenza njengazo zombili izinqola zesango nomphathi wemali, zithumela imithombo yezombuso emikhankambisweni ehambisana nezithakazelo zesizwe.

Izinhlelo Zokuxhasa Izimali

Uhulumeni wase-Australia uhlela izimali ngezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, njenge- Izinhlelo zokusekela ukugcinwa kwemali [i-Infrastreactive Investment Program, ehlanganisa iNational Urban Transit Fund (NUTF). Lezinhlelo zangaphambili zithuthukisa ukuhlangana kwezindawo, zinciphisa ukuminyana, futhi zikhuthaze ukugcinwa kwendawo ezungezile. Njengesibonelo, i-NUTF ehlonzele ngokukhethekile imisebenzi yezokuthutha edolobheni emadolobheni amakhulu, inikeza 50% yezindleko zemisebenzi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izimali zisekele i-Sydney Metronella, iMelbourban Rail Leopy, ne-Brisbane Crossureaul. Izicelo ngasinye kumelwe sidlulise ukuhlola okukhulu kwezentengo yezebhizinisi [[FF:] [FFFreast], izindleko ze-Australia], isilinganiso senani eliyincikelelwayo, i-e-e-evisiontion, i-ose-ose-ose-o

Ngalé kwe-NUTF, iNgxowa-mali yokuBonga Izifunda Ezingcono neNational Strothers Fund futhi yezezimali yezezezezothutho ezindaweni zesifunda. Le zinhlelo ziqaphela ukuthi izimoto zomphakathi ezisesifundeni sase-Australia ngokuvamile zisho izinkonzo zokuqondisa izifunda ezinde, izitimela zokukhanya emadolobheni amakhulu, noma ukutholakala kwesiteshi esithuthukisiwe. Umnotho usebenza eduze noMnyango we-Infrablicturature, Ukuthutha, i-Regional Development ne-Promssionsss kuqinisekisa ukuthi lezimali zisebenza ngoku ngokuphumelelayo. Isimiso esiyinhloko siwukuthi izimali zikahulumeni akumelwe ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zisebenze; kunalokho, kufanele zikhulume ngezikhala ezicacile ezisezinhlanganweni zezweni.

Ubudlelwane bomphakathi (PPP)

I-PPP iyisici esiyinhloko sendlela yezimali. Ivumela ukutshala kwezezimali emangxenyeni emisebenzi yezokuthutha yomphakathi, ihlanganyela izingozi nokusungulwa okukhuthazayo. Imisebenzi ye-PPPP ephumelelayo iye yaxhasa imisebenzi enjengezintambo ezintsha zomgwaqo nezimiso zokuthutha amabhasi ezisheshayo. I-Australia ibhekwa njengomholi wembulunga yonke wezokuthutha iPPPP, kanye ne-Mooral ye-PPP [[FL:0] PP] National Guidens[[[FLLT:1] National Guides [inders] PPL] [[FLD] Izibo ezingenisa izintambo zokuthenga nokuzibeka engozini. Ezethuthiwe , i-PPPP, imiklamo, isebenza, futhi igcina imali ye-Mongo ye-Mongo ye-Mongo [Fotalse], ngemva kweminyaka engu-20-20], i-ondswondrolaywom, noma i-endimedingcracle i-yonke i-yonke ihlangene ne-yonkethi

Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Sydney Light Rail (CBD ne-South East Light Rail) kanye neCanberra Light Rail Stage 1. Zombili lezi zinkonzo zaletha izinkonzo ezintsha ngesikhathi nangemali, kuyilapho zidlulisela izingozi zokwakha nokusekela engxenyeni engasese. Indima ye-Keneral ePPPs ihlanganisa ukunikeza iziqinisekiso zemali ezilinganiselwe, ukumisa inani lemali ebhayweni, nokuqondisa izinqubo zokugwema ukufushaniswa kwemali. Nokho, akuyona yonke imisebenzi efanelana nalesibonelo. Izindleko zemali zicabangela isiphakampathi se-PPPP, ukukhokha imali engcono kakhulu edingekayo ngemali yomuntu siqu.

Ukusebenzisa Isimiso Sokunquma Nokuhlola

Izibalo ze-Treasurement zihlongozwa ngemikhakha eminingi esekelwe ezindinganisweni, kuhlanganise nokusebenza kwezomnotho, ithonya lendawo ezungezile, kanye nezinzuzo zomphakathi. Imisebenzi yemisebenzi kumelwe ibonise ukugcinwa okude kokugcina nemiphumela engokwenhlalo. Le nqubo yokuhlola ihlanganiswe ku- inqubo ye-National Infracturestruction Assessicationswork [[Fractal Framesm:1], ehlela ukuthuthukisa ukuphumelela kwezinsika ezine: ezomnotho, indawo ezungezile, izenhlalo, kanye nokubusa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-vizakhono zezomnotho zihlanganisa ukuhlola inzuzo yezentengo engokwezomnotho nezinzuzo ebanzi, kuyilapho imiphumela yomphakathi ilinganisela ukuphumelela kwempumelelo ekufinyeleleni ezingeni nasebunziweni kwabantu abaphansi kanye nabantu abakhubazekile.

Ukulinganisela Kwezomnotho

Isisekelo sokuhlola kweTreasure i-opera i-specience inhlolo enzima yokuhlola inzuzo (BCA). Imisebenzi kumelwe ibonise isilinganiso esingcono-kancane-ka-1.0 sokusetshenziswa kwemali, nakuba ekuqeqesheni i-Treasury ivame ukumisa izingebhelu eziphakeme zemisebenzi ye-pring ngenxa yezindleko zayo ezinkulu. Izinzuzo zihlanganisa ukugcinwa kwesikhathi sokuhamba, ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zemoto, ukuncishiswa kwezingozi zengozi, nokuncishiswa kwegesi. Imisebenzi emikhulu yezezimali icabangela nezinzuzo zezomnotho ezikhuphuzile njengomkhiqizo owengeziwe wobudlelwane obungcono nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo encishisiwe.

Intengo ingeyenye i-costance. I-Mooral ifuna ukuba intengo yomsebenzi ihlanganise ukulinganiselwa kwenani eliyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-15% ezilinganiselwayo ezingeni lokuqala kanye ne-10% ngemiklamo eningiliziwe. Lendlela engokwesiko yokunciphisa izindleko zokulawula, eye yahlasela imisebenzi yezokuthutha yomphakathi e-Australia ngokwesikhathi esidlule. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Sydney Metro City & Southwestbacky izama ukulwa nohlelo lokuhlela imali lwama - dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20 (R2); phakathi nokuhlola, i-Moota yaphikelela zihlanganisa ukulinganisela okungalingani nengozi okungalindelekile kamuva okwabonakala kufanelekile lapho ihlelwa imibandela yesayensi yezesayensi yezinto. I-ondrometer isebenzisa futhi imisebenzi yokuphatha amashala entengo esazi esazi seprojective ukubekela izibalo izibalo eziphambili ekuqaleni kwendlela yokudweba izibalo.

Ukucabangela Indawo Ezungezile Nezenhlalo

Indawo ezungezile igxile kakhulu. Imisebenzi ekhuthaza izindlela zokuhamba eziluhlaza futhi inciphise ukukhishwa kwe-carbon iyakhiqizwa ngaphambili. Izimiso zendawo ezungezile ze-Ostreliya ze-zero ngo-2050 ezikhombayo. Imisebenzi yezokuthutha yomphakathi ihlolwa ekutheni ikwazi ukuguqula abasebenzi ezimotweni ezizimele, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto zokuthutha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlelwa kwe-computer ye-Melbourney ye-ray noma ukusungulwa kwamabhasi anezithuthi eSydney kufanelekela ukufinyela amaphawu aphambili e-SCPURCT. Ukuhlolwa kwekharbon, kuhlanganise nokufakwa kwekhabon ezinto zokwakha, manje kudingekile ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200.

Izici zomphakathi, njengokutholana nokuhlangana komphakathi, zibalulekile futhi ezinqumweni zezimali. I-otherine idinga ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwemiphumela yomphakathi okuhlola indlela umsebenzi othinta ngayo amaqembu ahlukahlukene amanani abantu. Ngokwesibonelo, iziteshi ezintsha zikajantshi ezinkulu ezindaweni ezikhulayo zaseSydney zithola izilinganiso eziphezulu uma zihlanganisa ukuhlalisa abantu abangaphansi kwe-ikhweyidi, izigijimi ezizwayo, nemiklamo yomhlaba wonke. Imibiko yesivumelwano somphakathi kumelwe ibonise ukuxoxa okuqotho nezindawo ze-IOricrient, amabhizinisi endawo, kanye nokungabazangamende. Imisebenzi ehlanganisa ukungafani kwezenhlalo kwezenhlalo nezokuphatha abantu abagibeli.

Ukubusa Nokulandisa

Isisekelo esiqinile sisekela zonke izinqumo zezimali. I-Moota ilindele ukuba iprojekthi yesifundazwe ibe nezindawo ezicacile zokuhambisa isikhathi, izindleko ezizimele, kanye nezinqubo zokubika ezibonisayo. Imisebenzi kumelwe inamathele ku- Imisebenzi emikhulu ye-Infractraituraliation Projective Frameodance [, egunyaza ukuthi iproject ngalinye linesikhathi esiphezulu, ikomiti yokuqondisa, kanye necebo lokuphatha izingozi. Imisebenzi emikhulu ye-Commonealth Commoneal Iprojective Projectss Report [[FLTLD:]]], ekhipha ukuhluleka, njengezindleko ze-ekhompume eNtshonalanga ye-Coxnayternay [irtureat] i-irighttiescrolectives projectivessssss provicedmentss ezisebenzayo zibekwe zinzisiwe.[Fowundla.[Foctive

Izinselele Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ukukhokha izindleko zomphakathi kulokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokunyuka kwezindleko, ukucabangela kwezombangazwe, nobuchwepheshe obushintshayo. I-Moove yenzelwa ukuba ivumelane ngokuhlola izigelekeqe ezintsha ezixhasa imali, ukwamukela intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, nokuthuthukisa ukubambisana okukhulu nohulumeni. Ukubheka phambili, indlela ye-Australian Treasury ifuna ukulinganisela ukufaneleka kwesidingo sezentengiselwano zesimanje, eziphumelelayo, nezisekelayo ezisetshenziswayo zezokuthutha umphakathi ezifeza izidingo ezikhulayo zesizwe.

Izindleko Nezingcindezi Zokusebenzisa Imali

Izindleko zokwakha e-Australia ziye zanyuka kakhulu, ziqhutshwa ukuswelakala kwezisebenzi, ukuphazanyiswa kwemishini, nokuncintisana okuvela emkhakheni. Imali ekhokhiswayo yase-Australia yokwakha i-Australian Accountry Handbook ibika ukuthi izindleko zokwakha isitimela zanyuka nge-810% ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2020 no-2024. Imali yemali iye yasabela ngokusebenzisa [[FLT:] izindleko ezibiza i-mtayela yemininingwane [[[FLT]] evumela ukufakwa kwemibhoshongo esheshayo kwezibalo zeprojekthi, nangokukhuthaza ukuklanywa kwemikla kanye nezingxenye ezivamile. Nokho, lezi zinyathelo azikwazi ukulinganisela ukwehla kokwenyuka kwemali. Ukugwema kwemali, manje kudingeka ukuba kukhishwe izindleko ezinkulu zihlanganise inqubo yokuzimo eziphambili ngaphambi kokukwehlisa isilinganiso esiphambili, noma ukuncipha kwemineresi esincane kakhulu.

Izinguquko Zezombangazwe Nezomthetho

Ukuxhasa ngokwezimali ezothutho zomphakathi kungokwemvelo kungokwezombangazwe, nemijikelezo yokukhetha ebangela ukucindezela kokuzibopha ekwakheni ngaphambi kokuba izindaba zebhizinisi ziphele. Indima yeTreasury iwukuphoqelela ukujeziswa kwemithetho yezezimali, kodwa ingangakhanyiswa ngezinqumo zekhatheli. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuxhasa okusheshayo kweMelbourne Airbourne Airport Rail Lincom (manje ebekelwe) kwakuyisibopho sezombangazwe esabonakala kamuva singasalawuleki. Ukuvimbela lemali kuphoqesha le, iMality yezeko yemibhoshongo eqinile yeminyango [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [FLT] ezindaweni eziphambili zemali ezisemfashini ezindaweni eziphambili, i-makelele futhi iqala ukunikeza izinquluko ze-epolitiki.

Ukungacabangeli Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ukuphakama kwezimoto ezizimele, i-Mooldialie njengenkonzo (MaaS), kanye ne-demand yezokuthutha kubangela izinselele kubantu abasebenza ngokwesiko. Izimali zamanje zekota zithatha amapulani amisiwe nezimiso zezikhathi, kodwa izimiso zesikhathi esizayo zingaba ezivumelanayo. I-Moolenti i-conenting conent [ imisebenzi esebenzayo [[FLT]] yemisebenzi yezemoto [[FLT]] yezimoto ezihlangeneyo nezokuhamba ngezimoto ezihambayo] yemizila ehambayo kanye namapulatifomu aphambili. Isibonelo, i-I-Innovation ne-Science Agenda ibeke izimali zokuvivinya i-injini esheshayo e-Idela e-Adela. Izimali futhi zihlola ukuthi inzuzo yokukhokha intela iyanda kanjani emasiteshini amashawo akhona kanye nakulolu hlelo olugcwele.

Ukubaluleka Kokubanjwa Kwezinto Ezithile Nemishini Ehlukile

Kwenezelo lemivuzo engokwesiko, iMoota ithuthukisa inani lokuthunjwa (kwaziwa nangokuthi kungcono). Uma umugqa omusha wesitimela ukhuphule amanani empahla eseduze, i-Money uveza ukuthi abathuthukisi nabanikazi kufanele banikele entengo. Brisbane Cross River Rail[[[FLT:]] iproject ihlanganisa isici esine semali sokuthatha ngenjongo ekhethekile yempahla ephasificini. I-Money iseke i-Advistory Umbation yokusiza ohulumeni ukuba baklame lamacebo. Ezinye izindlela zemali ezihlolwayo zihlanganisa izibophotho eziluhlaza ngokukhethekile ngenxa yezokuthutha i-bonbon, izibopho zokuphatha umphakathi, nokuzibopha ngokuzikisa okuqhubekayo ukuze kukhiqiwe izinkonzo zomphakathi. [FT.][2][12]

Ukubambisana NoMbuso Nohulumeni Bendawo

Ekugcineni, alikho izinga likahulumeni elingaxhasa izithuthi zomphakathi kuphela. I-Mooral Reoppot iye yaqinisa izivumelwano zayo ezihlangene zokuxhasa izimali nezifundazwe ngezivumelwano zezemisebenzi, njengeminyaka engu-10, i-R222 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi. Lezi zivumelwano zimisa izisulu ezicacile futhi zidinga imali ehambelanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Victorian Government’s Subban Rail Leop ixhasa 50% ngezivumelwano ze-Commonwealth, 30% nge-ommond, futhi i-20% ngokuthuthwa ngenani lemali. Izivumelwano zendawo, nakuba zingabalwanga kakhulu amazwe angaphandle kweziteshi ze-teshi nezindawo eziphambili. I-Australian Commovervity Association isebenza futhi ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi emincane enjengendlela yebhasi ephakeme nejikelezayo ayishaywa kusetshenziswa i-obhusayinwe.

Isiqondiso Sesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuhlelwa Kwezinto Ezingenamfashini Nezwe

Uma ubheka phambili, inselele enkulu kakhulu yeNkathi yezimali ingasuka ekusekeleni ukusekelwa kwemisebenzi ekwakheni imali kuya ehlelweni elibanzi, lokuhleleka. Umbiko utusa ukuba izimali zikahulumeni ziboshelwe [[FLT:] ukuthutha nokuhlela indawo ekhona okumelwe kunikezelwe iminyaka emihlanu. Imali kahulumeni iqale ukuqondisa le mishini nge-“Poputements" uhlelo, oluhlanganisa isakhiwo sezindlu, nokuthutha izimali emadolobheni afana ne-Townville ne Hobart. Imiphumela yangaphambili ibonisa ukuhleleka kangcono kwezindlu ngemigqa emisha. Imali ihlola futhi i-FFOLD [F:] i-FFFFOLTY]

Indlela ye-Ostreliya iyaqhubeka ithatha isinyathelo sokulinganisela. Kumelwe inike abakhokhi bentela abalinganiselwe imisebenzi enikeza inani lezentengiselwano yezezomnotho, yendawo ezungezile nezenhlalo, kuyilapho iqapha izindleko, ukucindezela kwezombangazwe, nokungaqiniseki kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuqhubeka uthuthukisa izinhlelo zayo zokuhlola, ukwamukela izindlela ezintsha zezimali, nokubambisana okujulile nezindawo zendawo, izimali ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa le misebenzi. Umphumela [“a, ” NW] ungcono, ulunganayo, futhi uyakwazi ukuthwala izimoto zomphakathi. Ngokuqhubeka kuthuthukisa i-Australia inzuzo emashumi amaningi eminyaka ezayo.