Ukushintsha Kwezombangazwe: Ukuthakazela Okuqhubekayo EJapane Yanamuhla

Emashumini eminyaka, isimo sezombangazwe saseJapane siye sachazwa ukubusa okungaphazanyiswa kweLiberal Democratic Party ethatha imingcele engokwezinga elivamile (LDP). Kusukela lapho i-LDP yamiswa ngo- 1955, iye yangamela isimangaliso sezomnotho saseJapane sangemva kwempi, yalawula ukuqhuma kwenani lezinto eziyigugu, futhi yalawula izinselele zomphakathi osukhulile ngokushesha. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva, igagagasi lamaqembu athuthukayo liye lavela, libekela inselele isimo nokusekela inguquko engokwenhlalo. Lamaqembu, nakuba esemancane eDiet, aye aletha ngempumelelo izinkinga ezinjengezokungalingani kwezomnotho, isimo sezulu, ubulili, isigaba sobulili, nobulungisa bezenhlalo ezokuxoxa ngezombangazwe. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuphakama kwalezinhlangano zawo, iziphakampakaliso, imingcele yale, isilinganiso sesikhathi esizayo sawo.

Umongo Ongokomlando: Usususelwa E - LDP E - dominance Kuya Ekuhlukaneni Kwezombangazwe

Ukuqonda ukukhula kwamaqembu athuthukayo kudinga ukuqaphela izinzuzo zokwakha ze-LDP. Isimiso sokukhetha saseJapane, `ingxube yezifunda ezizimele nezimelelwayo] ukusekela izinhlangano ezinkulu ezinezinhlanganisela zendawo. Inkathi enkulu yangemva kwempi, ukuphikiswa okuwukuphela kokuphikiswa okuphawulekayo kweQembu lamaKhomanisi laseJapan (JCP) neQembu lamaJapani, kokubili okunzima ukwandisa izisekelo zazo ezingaphakathi kanye nokuzimelela. Ama-1990 abona inkathi emfushane yohulumeni ababumbene ababambene, kodwa i-LDP yaphindela umlawuli we-Didemocratic Party (DP) waseJapane (DJ) waphawula iphuzu eliphezulu lokuphikisa, kodwa iziphenezelele izithembiso zayo zahoxa eliqinile ngaphansi kwe-Pne.

Kulendawo yokungena, amabutho amasha amasha aqhubekela phambili aye alahla i-maskes. I-Constitutional Democratic Party yaseJapan (CDP), eyakhiwa ngo-2017 isuka kusali lwe-DPJ nakwamanye amaqembu akhululekile, izikhundla ngokwayo njengenkaba yemuva ye-offsective. IQembu lamaKhomanisi liye lafaka iqophelo lalo eliqinile, ligcizelela ukubusa kwentando yentando yeningi nenhlalakahle yezenhlalo phezu kwendlela yalo engokwesiko yokuguqula izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amashasha amashasha ama-Reiwa Shingungumi, asungulwe yi-mector Taro Yamato, asungulwe ngezicelo eziqinile eziphambili zengcebo nezimiso zokulwa kwamandla. Ngisho ngisho ne-Social Democratic Party (SP), nakuba enciphile, alondoloza izwi elisekuhlulwayo, naphezu kokuhlukana kwawo umphakathi wonke. Nama kwemigomo, naphezu kokwayo: ukuhlanganisa umphakathi wonke umphakathi umphakathi ungayibambisela phambili.

Ukuguquka Kwenqubo Yomthetho: Lokho Imikhosi Eqhubekayo Ekulwelayo

Inhlalakahle Nobulungisa Bezomnotho

Amaqembu athuthukayo eJapane aphikisa ngokuthi ukukhula kwezomnotho kwezwe akuhlanganyelwanga ngendlela efana neyokuthi. Amashumi eminyaka okuhholo, ukuphakama kwemisebenzi engekho ngokwezimiso (izisebenzi ezingaqeshiwe manje zakha amaphesenti angu-40 ezisebenzi), futhi i-netha elingenamandla ezenhlalo liye labangela imfuno yokulungisa. Izihlongo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Ukwandisa umshuwalense wokungasebenzi ukuhlanganisa zonke izisebenzi, kuhlanganise nesikhathi esingesodwa nezisebenzi zesivumelwano.
  • ukunikeza iholo eliphansi izinga lokuhola eliphilayo, okunesisulu seyen engu 1 500 ngehora (manje cishe eyinkulungwane).
  • Ukuqinisa isimiso somphakathi sempesheni [ ukuvimbela ubumpofu basebekhulile, obuthinta amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-20 abesifazane abadala abahlala bodwa.
  • Ukungenisa iholo eliyisisekelo lembulunga yonke njengomgomo wesikhathi eside, noReiwa Shinsengumi ukwenza lenkambiso yentambo yeflegi.

I-CDP ne-JCP zisekela futhi ukukhokha intela eqhubekayo − ukukhokha izintela zeholo eliphezulu nenzuzo yezimali lapho kucushwa izintela zemikhaya ehholayo ephansi. Baphikisa ngokuthi ukuthembela kwe-LDP ekusebenziseni intela kwandisa umthwalo omkhulu kwabampofu.

Ukulondolozwa Kwendawo Ezungezile Nesenzo Sesimo Sezulu

IJapane iyindawo yesihlanu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ekhipha ikharbon, futhi inqubo yayo yamandla iye yalolongwa kakhulu yinhlekelele yenuzi ye-2020 Fukushima. Amaqembu aqhubekekayo aye aqhubezela phambili ukuze avuselele amandla asheshayo, nezisulu ezinjengo 100% ezivuselelwayo ngo-2040-202050. Izimiso ezicacile zihlanganisa:

  • Ikhipha amandla enuzi ngokuphelele, ngokungafani nohlelo lwe-LDP lokuyigcina iwumthombo wesisekelo somthwalo.
  • [ Ukuyeka ukuxhasa amalahle amandla [ kokubili ekhaya nakuthumela ngokwezimali kwamanye amazwe.
  • [ Ukufakwa kwemigqa ye-mistry ye- nobuchwepheshe bokugcina ukuze ukwazi ukungena okuphezulu kwe-solar nomoya.
  • Imisebenzi eluhlaza efakwa ezingxenyeni ezinjenge-transmit, ukwakha ama-patrofti, kanye nezolimo eziqinile.

I-JCP ibilokhu isebenza kakhulu kakhulu ekwakheni imboni yamalahle endaweni, kuyilapho i-CDP inomthetho wesimo sezulu owenziwe ngokulandelana ozonciphisa imishini yokukhipha igesi ebophayo. Ama-firhwave angu-2022 kanye nokwanda kwezenzakalo zezulu ezimaningi kuye kwabonisa ukuphuthuma kulezi zihlongozo.

Ukulingana kwesizwe ne - LGBTQ+ amalungelo

IJapane ibala inani eliphansi kakhulu ekulinganiseni ubulili obulinganayo besilisa nebesifazane (1611) emazweni angu- 146 kuyi - World Economic Forum’s 2022 Global Gender Batep Report. Amaqembu athuthukayo enza amalungelo namasiko ahlukene. Imfuno yesidingo ihlanganisa:

  • [[I-FLT:0] I-pager idinga izilinganiso zobulili kumabhodi enkampani nakwabezombangazwe (iCDP ihlongoza abesifazane abangamashumi amathathu% ngo-2030).
  • Iholo eliyimali ngomsebenzi olinganayo, ivala igebe lomholo wobulili (manje cishe 25%).
  • Imithetho emelene nokuhlasela [ evikela izisulu zomsebenzi nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili.
  • Ukubekwa kwemithetho yomshado nobudlelwane obufanayo obungahlobene ; nakuba abanye omasipala kakade benikeza izitifiketi zobuhlobo, umthetho wesizwe awuziqapheli izinyunyana ezifanayo zobulili. ICDP ne-JCP isekela ukulingana okuphelele komshado, kanye neReiwa Shinsengumi ibeke inselele ukuvinjelwa inselele.
  • Ukunweba ukufinyelela kwengane ekunakekeleni nekhefu labazali, kuhlanganise nekhefu lokubeletha, ukubhekisa isilinganiso esiphansi sokuzalwa.

Ngo - 2023, i - CDP yaphoqelela ukuba kuvinjelwe ukwelashwa okushintsha abantu, okwakhishwa i - LDP ngaphambi kokuba kudlule — igcizelela ukulwela i - LGBTQ +.

Ukushintsha Kwemfundo Namandla Entsha

Abantu abaya bethuthuka babheka imfundo njengethuluzi lokuzibandakanya nabantu futhi ukuthembisana uhulumeni.

  • Ukwenza amakholiji akhululekile noma akhululeke kakhulu; amaJapane amaningi asemasha athweswa isikweleti sabafundi, futhi amayunivesithi ezwe akhuphukile phakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule.
  • Ukunciphisa ubungakanani besigaba [ nokuqasha othisha abengeziwe ukuze bathuthukise izinga lemfundo.
  • Ukufaka ingcaca yokugxeka nokuhlukahluka kwezifundo zangemva kwezwe kuthatha ngekhanda futhi kuthathelwe incwadi yesizwe.
  • [ Imfundo ephoqelelwe ehlanganisa isikole esiphakeme [, okuyinto engenziwa ngokuzithandela, nakuba cishe bonke bekhona.

Lezi zihlongozo zihloselwe ukusingatha ukungafani kwemfundo okuphikelelayo eJapane, lapho iholo lemikhaya libikezela khona imiphumela yezemfundo.

Amalungelo Ezisebenzi Nezivikelo Zomsebenzi

Ukunyuka “kwezomnotho” nokusebenza ngaphandle komthetho kuye kwadala ibhizinisi lemisebenzi emibili. Amaqembu asekela izinqubo eziqhubekayo zokunciphisa ukuqalwa:

  • [ Iholo lezisebenzi ezivamile nezingezona ezisemthethweni lenza umsebenzi ofanayo.
  • Izinyunyana zezisebenzi eziqinisayo kanye nezihlangene zifaka amalungelo, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi.
  • Ukuveza ukuxoshwa okungalungile futhi kwenza kube lula ngezisebenzi ukuba zifune amalungelo azo.
  • Ukufaka isibopho sokukhokha ikhefu lokugula [ (manje akuyona imfuneko engokomthetho).

IQembu LamaKhomanisi laseJapane linomlando omude wokugunyazwa kwezisebenzi, futhi iCDP iye yasebenza nezinyunyana zezohwebo ukuze ibhale “Inguquko Yezomsebenzi” izindleko ezidlula kude nezinguquko ezikha phezulu ezazenziwa ngaphansi kuka - Abe.

I - Electoral Screasure and Grasroots Ukuhlela

Amaqembu aqhubekekayo aye enza inzuzo elinganiselwe kodwa engenakugwenywa. Kukhetho olungu 2021 oluvamile, iCDP yawina izihlalo ezingu-96 (kusukela ku- 465), iyenza ibe yisigaba esikhulu kakhulu sokuphikiswa. I-JCP yaba nezihlalo eziyishumi, ne-Reiwa Shinsengumi yazuza izihlalo ezintathu. Kukhetho lwendawo ebanzi lwama 2022 Upper House, umfelandawo (kuhlanganise iCDP, i-JCP, ne-SDP) yahlala izihlalo ezanele zokuvimbela ukunqanda umthetho-mfantumende. Ukhetho lwendawo ezungezile lubone abazokomele ukuwina imidlalo yemeyadiary emadolobha anjenge-Yokokiak kanye ne-Kyokito, ngokuvamile ngokugijima ezindaweni zokuhlala indawo ezungezile kanye namacottp.

Lemiphakathi futhi iye yafaka inzuzo ekuhleleni izimpande zotshani, isebenzisa imikhankaso yezokuxhumana neyamahhala e-monor encane ukuze idlulise abagcini bamasango bezezindaba. I-JCP ihamba nenethiyene lezindawo zomphakathi ezinikeza usizo lwamahhala olungokomthetho nokuxhumana komphakathi, ukwakha ukuthembana ezindaweni ezisebenza emadolobheni. IReiwa Shinsengumi iye yasebenzisa imikhankambi yamavirus, njengokufaka “intela yeWeyube” ezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Naphezu kwalemizamo, ukusekela kwe-LDP kuhlala kuqinile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni lapho ukuxhumana komuntu siqu nenkominyana yengulu echitha imali esetshenziswayo.

Izinselele Nezithiyo Zokushintsha Okuqhubekayo

Isimiso Se - electoral Ne - Bial

Isimiso sesigodi esisodwa saseJapane sivumelana kakhulu ne-LDP, enezinhlangano ezijulile zendawo futhi ehlangene kakhulu nezokubambisana kwezolimo, izimboni zokwakha, kanye nenhlangano yezokwelapha enamandla. Izinhlangano eziqhubekayo zivame ukuhlukanisa ivoti yokuphikiswa, zivumela i-LDP ukuba inqobe nge 30-40% yamavoti. Nakuba i-CDP ne-JCP ngezikhathi ezithile iye yakha izivumelwano zokhetho (umz., ngo-2021 bahlangana ngemva kwabathathi abashadile ezifundeni ezingu-105), ukubambisana okunjalo kuhlala kulula. I-JCPP i-antimonarch ne-effensist yomlando emelene no-ulwe-Ulwe-ulwe i-JCP i-CP ivimbela futhi izikhundla eziculi ezicutshiwe ngokulinganiselayo.

Ukusakazwa Kwezindaba Nokungaqiniseki Komphakathi

Imithombo yezindaba ebanzi yaseJapane − ilawulwa yizinxoxo zethelevishini ezithembele ekukhangiseni nasekufakeni uhulumeni ngokunikeza i-asemodura eqenjini elibusayo. Abaholi beqembu elihamba phambili bakhononda ngokunganakwa noma ukukhishwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yemibono eqhubekayo njengemibono eqhubekayo “enganciphi naseJapane” noma eguquguqukayo, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezifana nokuthula kanye nomshado owengeziwe. Ukuhlasela okungu-9/11 kwe-North Korea nakho kuye kwagcizelela ukuvikela okungokwezinga elivamile phakathi kwabantu abadala abavoti.

Ukuhlukana Kwangaphakathi Nokuhlukana Kwemibono

Ikamu elithuthukayo alilona i-monlithic. I-CDP iyiqembu elikhulu elihlanganisa ukukhulula okusesilinganisweni, elalingamalungu e-DPJ, nabeyi-socialism. I-JCP igcina ukuma okuqinile kwekhohlo ezimcimbini zezomnotho. I-Reiwa Shinsengumi i-populast ne-anti-dition. Lokhu kuphikisana ngezinye izikhathi kuvimbela ukuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, enkambisweni yokulondeka, iCDP ihlanganisa amalungu asekela iMikhosi ye-Une-Defnense eqinile esecaleni kwempi, kuyilapho uJCP ifuna ukunqanyulwa kwe-SDF. Ukuphikisana okunjalo kungasetshenziswa kabi yi-LDP, okuzibonakalisa njengokuzihambela njalo.

Amandla Ezinhlangano Alinganiselwe

Ngisho noma kusungulwa izikweleti eziqhubekayo, azivamile ukudlula. I-LDP ilawula iningi kuzo zombili izindlu zikaDiet, kanye nomngane wayo ohlangene uKomeito(a umlungu elithatha indiva) weqembu lobuBuddha (______________) ihlanganyela eziningi zezimiso zayo zezomnotho. Amaqembu aqhubekayo aye asebenzisa amasu nomkhankaso wokucindezela ukulungisa izikweletu zikahulumeni (isig., i-om., ivimbela ukunakekelwa kwezingane ngokwezimali ngo-2023), kodwa izinguquko eziyisisekelo zezakhiwo azinakwenzekangaqondakali.

Ikusasa Lezinguquko Emphakathini EJapane

Ukushintsha Izibalo Nemibono Yezimo Zokuphila Nezimo Zokudlala Imali

Inani labantu baseJapane liyakhula, kodwa abantu abasebasha (ngaphansi kuka-30) baya ngokuya bethuthuka ezindabeni zezenhlalo nezendawo ezungezile. Ukuhlola okwenziwa yi-2022 kwe-Japani Youth Summit kwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-70 entsha asekela umshado oxubile, futhi ama-60% abeka isimo sezulu esingcono kakhulu kunentuthuko yezomnotho. Okhetho lwakhona 2023 lwabona abavoti bentsha abaqopha umlando bethola amagumbi athile asedolobheni. Uma lo kuthambekela okuqhubekayo kungathola ithonya eliqinile ngokukhuthaza intsha ukuba ivote futhi ibafake emapulatifomuni ezokuxhumana.

Izibonelo Zohulumeni Ezingase Zitholakale

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuthi iqembu elilodwa elinentuthuko liyowina iningi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ohulumeni abahlangene bangenzeka. Uhulumeni we-DPJ ka-2009 wabonisa ukuthi i-LDP ingaxoshwa, nakuba leyo-LDP ibopha ngenxa yokungabi nakhono nenkinga yeFukushima. Uma i CDP, JCP, ne Reiwa Shinsengumi zingalondoloza indawo ehlangeneyo, futhi uma iKomeito inquma ukugqashuka ne-LDPäa-hest. Uhulumeni onjalo ongase asebenzise izinguquko ezihlangene: ukwandisa umholo wezingane, ukukhuphula umholo omncane, nokuvuselela amandla.

Ithonya Enqubweni Ye - LDP

Ngisho noma ingekho i-guide, imibuthano ethuthukayo iye yathutha ifasitela lase-Overton. I-LDP iye yaqala ukwamukela ukukhulumela okuqhubekayo, njengoNdunankulu uKishida “omusha wesimiso sokuzisebenzela” ogcizelela ukuvuselelwa kwengcebo. Ngo-2023, uhulumeni waphakamisa umholo olinganiselwe ngo-3%, futhi wasungula i-“Bantwana neMikhaya” ukuhlanganisa ukusekela izingane. [i-LDP] imiqondo esekelwa amaqembu aphikisayo. I-LDP futhi yadlulisela i-LGBTQ + ukuqonda okungaxutshiwe ngokomthetho, igwema izikhundla ezithandwayo ezisemshayeni ezifanayo.

Indima Yomphakathi Wangaphakathi Nokucindezela Komhlaba Wonke

Amaqembu aqhubekela phambili awayedwa ekufuneni ushintsho. I-NGO enjenge-Amnesty International Japan, i-Greenpeace Japan, ne-Women’s Network for Peace aye abambisana nezazi zezombangazwe ukuqhubekisela phambili amalungelo abantu nemigomo yendawo ezungezile. Amaqumrhu ezizwe zonke njenge-UN aye agxeka ukungalingani kwamadoda nabesifazane, ukuncika kumandla enuzi, nokuvunyelwa okuphansi kwababaleki. Lokhu kuhlola kwangaphandle kunikeza amaqembu athuthukayo ukuba alwele izinguquko ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zembulunga yonke.

Isiphetho: Ukushintsha Ngokuvamile Ekutheni IJapane Ifaneleke Kakhulu

Izinhlangano zaseJapane ezithuthukayo zibhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu: iqembu elilawulayo eliqinile, isimiso sokhetho esijezisa amaqembu amancane, nomphakathi oqaphile ngoshintsho olusheshayo. Nokho ukuqapha kwabo kuye kwaletha izinkinga ezibucayi − ukulingana, isimo sezulu esibucayi, ukucwasana, ukucwasana kwempikiswano yezombangazwe. Ngokuhlela izinyunyana, ukuvota, kanye nemizamo eqhubekayo yemithetho, kakade sebeye bathonya inqubo. Indlela yokuya eJapane ethuthuka ngempela iyakuba isikhathi eside, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa okukhulayo kwenani labaholi abasebasha kanye nokucindezela okungenakuphikwahlulwa kwenani labantu namaqiniso emvelweni ezungezile kubonisa ukuthi ushintsho lwezenhlalo aluyona impikiswano uma, kodwa uma izikhulu zikahulumeni zamaJapani ziqhubeka zibuka lezi zinhlangano ezincane, ngenxa yezimiso zezwe ezikhona.

Imithombo yangaphandle yokufunda ngokwengeziwe: ([[FLT: 0]] Isigaba seDemocratic Parti ye-Japani esisemthethweni), ([ iMinyango yeJapani ukuhlaziya ubunye bokuphikiswa[), ([ IsiQhingi sobuKhomanisi seQubhinizimu ikhasi), ([[FLT]UM] World EconomForder Genter Report 20222 [[FL:7]]), ([FLT:] [[FLT]] Npton.com shong [icen `FLT]