Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kweQembu laseJapane: Ukusuka ekuthatheni iDominication kuya ekuncintisaneni okunamandla

Isimiso seqembu lamaqembu eJapane siye sashintsha kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, sisuka endaweni elawula isigaba esisodwa sabe sesithatha uketshezi kanye nenkundla yokuncintisana. Ukuqonda le nkolelo - mbono kunikeza ukuqonda okubucayi ngendlela iJapane eye yahamba ngayo ngezombangazwe, ngokwezomnotho, nangezenhlalo, nezinselele zezenhlalo . Ukusuka ekuvuselelweni kwemisebenzi esheshayo nasekukhuleni kwezwe kuya ekuvuselweni kabusha kwempi, ukuncipha kwezomnotho, ukuncipha komphakathi, kanye nokwezomnotho. Lesi sihloko sihlola izigaba eziyinhloko, izenzakalo ezibalulekile, kanye nokuhlala kwezinkinga eziye zathonya amaqembu aseJapane anamuhla.

Ekuqaleni Kwekhulu Lama - 20: Umsuka Wezombangazwe Zeqembu

Ukuhlelwa Kweqembu Ngaphambi Kwempi Nokuphakama Kwamakamu Amakhulu Amabili

Ekuqaleni konyaka ka-1900 kwaphawulwa ukuhlola kokuqala kwezezombangazwe zephalamende eJapane. I-Imperial Diet, eyamiswa ngo-1890 ngaphansi koMthetho-sisekelo weMeiji, kancane kancane yathathelwa indawo amaqembu ezombangazwe ahleliwe. Ngonyaka ka-1910 kanye nawo-1920, kwavela amabutho amabili anamandla: i-Rikken Seiyūkai[ Rangeyūkin [[FLT][FLT][ign orgiage] [ial's Democratic Party] [[[irtical Democratic]]. Lemistiva yamelela i-cesterirfecties, ezezemboni, nochwepheshe bezemisebenzi yasedolobhe. I-Syeakyunyu i-miakday'irn, kanti i-Min Min Mil.

Lenkathi yabona intuthuko yentando yeningi njengomthetho wesilisa wembulunga yonke ka-1990, owandisa ukulawulwa kwephalamende futhi wacindezela amaqembu ukuba ancintisane esiseko esikhulu. Nokho, isimiso sahlala sibuthakathaka. Amaqembu empi, abeluleki bombuso, kanye geverō[ [amazwe aphakeme] aba nethonya elikhulu ngaphandle kokulawula kwephalamende. Ngasekupheleni kwawoma 1930, ukuphakama kweqembu lempi nobuzwe kwaphela ngokuphumelelayo kwezombangazwe ezivuna umbuso wenkosi. Amaqembu angene e-Impluntelligate [[FLT:] Umthetho womthetho womthetho [[FLT]] [FLT]] , kanye nokhetho oluncitshisiwe eqekelweni lokuqala lokuncisa impi. Ukuncisana kombuso wokuqala kwezwe kwezwezwezwezwezwezwezwezwezwezwezwezwezwezwe liyibili kwaphela .

Ukuhlasela Kwangemva Kwempi Nokuzalwa Kweqembu Lenkululeko Yentando Yeningi

Ngaphansi kwe-After Occupation (1945-19952), iJapane yamukela umthetho-sisekelo omusha owahlanganisa ukubusa okuthandwayo, impoqo nenkululeko yomphakathi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe aphinde ahlangana ngentshiseko. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yempi yaba nesiphithiphithi: inqwaba yamaqembu ancintisana nokhetho, nohulumeni abahlangene babevamile. Kodwa ngo 1955, isimo sezombangazwe esaqala ukuhlanganiswa saqala ukubizwa ngokuthi i- Isimiso se-. Ngalowonyaka, [[FLT:][2] i-Democratic Parti (PFLD) [FLD)] [FLT] i-oct3] sakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa i-Liber Partive ne-Japanexpart.[5]

I-LDP ayizange ilawule ngengozi. Ifakelwe ekuhleleni iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ithole ukusekela okunamandla kwezindawo zasemaphandleni, i-consomerate (kakeretsu), ne-United States. Amaqembu angaphakathi eqembu, nakuba ngokuvamile ayephikisana, anikeza ukuvumelana nokungavumelani ngaphakathi kwetende. Ukusondela kwe-LDP engokwesiko okungokwesiko kwezimiso zezenhlalo ezingokombuso eziqondiswe ngokwezomnotho, kwaveza ukuphumelela kwezomnotho. Ukunyuka kwezezomnotho okumangalisayo kwale Japana kusukela ngo-1960 kuya kuqinisa ukuphatha kwe-LDP.

Ngemva kuka - 1960: Ukuvuselelwa Kwesimiso Se - Dyss Esiguquguqukayo

Izinkundla Zokuphikiswa Ziyaqina

Phakathi nawo-1960 nangawo 1970, ukuphakama kwe-LDP kwahlolwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kodwa akuzange kuphulwe. IQela lobuSocialist laseJapan lahlala liyiqembu elikhulu kakhulu lokuphikisa, kodwa ukuhlukana kwalo kwemibono elinganiselwe kanye namahlelo amancane kakhulu, kwavela phakathi kwama-scritists, `I- [[FMMEitō] [Isigaba sikaHulumeni] , kanye nenhlangano yamaBuddha i-Sōka Gakakakai, kwavela ngo- 1960 njengethonya elisha, elikhanga idolobha eliphakathi kwesigaba esiphakathi nenkolo. [FLT:] .[FLT] QUM [FFFFFF]

Ngo-1970, i-LDP yayingasakwazi ukuthatha kalula iningi layo. Okhethweni njengo-1976 no-1979, leliqembu lazama ukugcina iningi liseNdlu yabameleli, lifuna ukubambisana nabazimeleyo nabambalwa abasebenza ndawonye. Nokho izimpi zangaphakathi, amahlazo (njengesikhwama sokufumbathisa), nokunganeliseki komphakathi akuzange kuqede ukubusa kwe-LDP yonke. Ukuphikiswa, ukuhlukana nokuqina, kwakungenakuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa uhulumeni.

Iminyaka Ka - 1980: I - LDP Resilience Phakathi Kwamandla Ezomnotho

Ngawo-1980 kwakuyisikhathi senani eliphakeme le-LDP. Ngaphansi kweMinistry enjengoYasuhiro Nakasone, leliqembu laphishekela ukuxubana kokuhlanganisa i-privatiation (kuhlanganise nokuqhekeka kweJapan National Railways) nesimiso sangaphandle esiqinile, kuhambisana eduze ne-United States. Ukuchuma kwezomnotho, okwaziwa ngokuthi umnotho wezentengiselwano, kwaveza umuzwa wokuchuma kwesizwe okwandisa ukunxusa kwe-LDP. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amaqembu aphikisa alwa nophawu olubanzi: i-JSP yabona ukuncipha kwevota kwayo, kuyilapho iKōmeitō yazama ukunweba isisekelo sayo ngaphezu kwe-Sōkakka Campai. Imizamo yokuveza ukuphumelela kwe-livelvelves (njenge-New Liber ClubClubs) ekupheleni kuka-197094).

Ngo - 1990: Ukulungisa Okukhulu Kwezombangazwe

Isimo Esibucayi, Inqaba, Nokuchotshozwa Kwesimiso Sango - 1955

Iminyaka ka-1990 yaphawula ukushintshwa kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ukuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi yaguqula amandla embulunga yonke ezombangazwe, kodwa izinkinga zasekhaya zaziyimbangela esheshayo. Ukuqhuma kwezezomnotho ngo-1990-19991 kwaholela ekuncipheni kwezomnotho okuqhubekayo, okwayaziwa ngokuthi iNkathi Yeminyaka Elahlekile, eyaqeda ukuthemba komphakathi ekuqondiseni kwe-LDDP. Uchungechunge lwenkohlakalo − ngokuphawulekayo udabuka kweRecruit mpikiswano neSagawabin Kyūrther. Ngo 1993, iqembu le-LDDRYP Dieties eliho Horo Howa ne-Irgawa lwaholela e-Mori Hozawa. Irōwa yahlukanisa kakhulu imicimbi yeqembu lezizwe zamashumi eminyaka, ibangela ukuwa kweqembu le-Saguam.

Ukhetho oluvamile lwaphela ngo 1993. I-LDP yalahlekelwa iningi layo okokuqala kusukela ngo-1955. Uhulumeni ohlangene wamaqembu angu-8 ophikisayo − kuhlanganise neNtlango Entsha yaseJapan, , uJapane Revuenal Party[ , [[FLT]] [[FLT]]], [[FLT], [[FLT] u-Socianst Par [[FLT]] [[FLT] [oct:7] yase-Japan [i-Reuaydal [icel'spal]] [i-Dinjiniyakuqala]] [i-JSP]] wathatha amandla ngaphansi kweNdogosapho uHosowawa.] Nakuba [indelo-osideldahka] [iiiiiing [ing] [iiiiiing] [izinyanga

Isimiso Esishintshayo Nemiphumela Yaso

Inguquko enkulu yasekuqaleni ko-1990 yayiwukusungulwa kwesimiso esixubene nesigaba sobunhloko (MMM) sokhetho lweNdlu yabameleli. Nokho, esikhundleni sezifunda ezidala ezinezingxenye eziningi, lesi simiso sihlanganise izifunda ezizimele (SMDs) nezimelelo ezilinganayo (PR). Injongo yayiwukukhuthaza isimiso esinezingxenye ezimbili futhi sinciphise i-conoraliumism. Imiphumela engaqondakali, noma kunjalo, yayikusheshisa ukumiswa kweqembu lezindawo ezizimele kunendawo eqinile eqinile. Amapalithi aqhebelene futhi ahlangane ngokushesha.

IQembu leDemocratic laseJapane (DPJ) lakhiwa ngo-1998 (ukuhlanganisa amaqembu amaningana amancane) futhi lakhula laba yinselele enkulu kuma-LDP. i-LDP ngokwayo, ngaphansi kweNqubano yeQembu Eliphethe njenge Ryutahimoto ne-Yoshiro Mori, balwa kanzima ukuze balondoloze i-conhession. Kodwa lelilungiselelo le-LDP lakwazi ukubuyela ebukhosini ngo-1994 ngokwakha i-palthi yesigaba [ i-Socianst [ (manje libuye libe isigaba esivamile se-Democratic Party) neqembu elincane elidla i-oral. “lelilungiselelo lokulala” lagcina i-LDP lise-LDP liveza ukuvumelana kwayo.

Uphawu Lwango - 2009: I - DPJ Ithatha Umbuso

Inkathi ephawulekayo yonyaka ka-1990-era impela ayizange ifike kulelo shumi leminyaka kodwa ngo-2009. I-DPJ, eholwa uYukio Hatoyama, yanqoba ukunqoba kwezwe eNdlu yokhetho lwabameleli, iqeda i-LDP ecishe iqhubeke ibusa. Isithembiso sokubuyisela imali kahulumeni emakhaya kunasezinkampanini, inciphisa amandla empuzantengi, futhi iphinde ikwazi ukuhlangana ne-United States. Nokho, i-DPJ’U'uthentire (209,2012) yahlaselwa yingxabano yangaphakathi, inkambiso (ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene nesisekelo se-Fuma emoyeni e-Okinawa), kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisayo ngo-2011 . Iqembu lezenyukyubhubhu.

Ikhulu Lama - 21: Isimiso Esimpicabadala Kodwa Esingaguquguquki

ILDP Resurgical NeAbe Era

Kukhetho oluvamile lwango-2012, i-LDP ngaphansi kukaShinzō Abe yabuyela embusweni ngokunqoba okukhulu, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokunganeliseki nge-DPJ kanye nokuphikiswa okuhlukene. U-Abe’s hendre (2020) oqinisekiswe i-LDP. “Izinqumo” zakhe `Izimo zemali'' zenza kube lula, ukuhlobana kwemifantu, nokushintsha kwezakhiwo, kwandisa ukukhula, nakuba imiphumela ethatha isikhathi eside yaphikiswana. U-Abe walandela futhi inkambiso eqinile, waphinda wachaza iSiphakamiso somthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-ye-si-si- - sisekelo, kanye nezibophono zobulungu elingu-United States kanye nabanye abasebenza nabo.

Ngaphansi kwe-Abe, i-LDP yajabulela izikhundla ezingcono, kodwa isimiso seqembu asibuyelanga kuhlobo lwakudala lwango 1955. Ukuphikiswa kwasala kuhlukene. I-DPJ yaphinde yazihlukanisa ngokwayo ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi ([ Isigaba sentando yeningi[, ] i-partic of Hopediance [[FLT:[FLT]]] [FLT]] [FLT]], [[FLT]], [FFUP] i-FON [FUM], [inani], [inani elincincane], lasungulwa yiqembu, kodwa i-inani elincincane kakhulu kunalo, i-201717] kodwa i-ivotimu ehlangeneyo.[25][10][10][F][10][3][10] i-FUT] i-evolunt .[ast:[ase.[ex][ast

Ukwahlukaniswa Kwamanje

Kusukela ngo-2025, isimiso seqembu laseJapane sihlukene kakhulu kunasekhulwini lama-20. I-LDP-Kōmeitō iyaqhubeka ibusa, kodwa ukusekela kwayo kuncipha kancane kancane ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani labantu, ukuncipha kwamakhaya, nokulahlekelwa kwenani labavoti abasebasha. I-CDP, i-Nippon Ishin no Kai (Inhlangano yeJapane e-Invation), kanye namanye amaqembu amancane ancintisana ne-LDP, kodwa ngokuvamile ayahluka ngokwemithetho yezezomnotho, ukubukeza komthetho-mthetho-siseko, nezindaba zakwamanye amazwe. Akukho qembu eliphikisayo liye lakwazi ukwenza umbono wesizwe ovumelanayo nowesizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivoti ye-votemoveyn ibiphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasha, esekela inzuzo ye-LDP.

Izimpikiswano Eziyinhloko Ezilimaza Iqembu

Amaqembu ezombangazwe anamuhla aseJapane achazwa yizindaba eziningana ezibucayi:

  • Ukuvuselelwa kwezomnotho: Indlela yokuqala ukukhula ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yokuwohloka nokungakhuliswa. I-LDP igcizelela izisusa zenkampani nezivumelwano zezohwebo (umz., CPPPP, RCEP), kuyilapho i-CDP isekela izintela eziphakeme kwabacebile, imali esetshenziswayo engokwenhlalo, namalungelo ezisebenzi.
  • Inkinga ye-demographic: Inani labantu abagugile nenani lokuzalwa leJapani lidinga izinguquko ekufudukeni, ekulondekeni kwezenhlalo, nasemithethweni yomkhaya. I-Paries ayivumelani ngejubane nangesilinganiso sokufuduka kwe-(i-LDP) ekhetha ukufuduka okungochwepheshe, kuyilapho i-CDP ne-JCP ifaka ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi.
  • Ukubukeza kwe-Constitualial[: I-LDP ne-Nippon Ishin no no-Kaihin isekela iSiphakamiso 9 ukuqaphela ngokusemthethweni amandla azimele. ICDP ne-JCP iphikisa ukubukezwa, isho ukuthi kungaholela ekuthandeni impi.
  • Ukulingana : iJapane iphansi ngezikhombi zesilinganiso sobulili. Amanye amaqembu (CDP, i-Social Democrates) alwela amanani nemithetho elwa nobandlululo, kuyilapho i-LDP ibithatha ijubane ukuba ithathe isinyathelo, nakuba ohulumeni bamuva bebeke izisulu zezinombolo zabesifazane abaholi.
  • Inkambiso nokulondeka kobuKapa: I-LDP iqinisa ubudlelwane be-U.S.-Japane futhi isunduzela indima enzima kakhulu ekuvikeleni kwendawo. Amaqembu okuphikiswa ayahluka ngokusekela ngokuqapha kwe CDP yokubambisana nenkambiso ye-JCP engagunyaziwe ngokomthetho wangaphandle.
  • .unte kanye nesimo sezulu: i Post-Fukushima, amandla enuzi ahlala ehlukanisa kakhulu. I-LDP iye yasekela ukuqala kabusha iziphethu ezinezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile kakhulu, kuyilapho i CDP ne JCP ithanda isigaba esisheshayo sokuphuma nokutshala okukhulu okuvuselelwe.

Ukuthambekela Kwamanje Nombono Wesikhathi Esizayo

Ukungabi Nalubala Nezombangazwe Zokucwasana

Isimiso sokhetho saseJapane, kanye nokuxubana kwaso nezigodi ezinezitho eyodwa kanye nokumelelwa ngokwesilinganiso, kukhuthaza ohulumeni abahlangene. I-LDP ibithembele ku-Kōmeitō amashumi eminyaka, kodwa leyo ngqungquthela ayiqinisekisiwe ukubamba ngokungenasiphelo. Izinhlangano ezintsha [1] njenge Reiwa Shingumi noma amaqembu asendaweni e-Osaka (Nipipon Ishin) [1] Angeke aphule i-blactoc. Ukhetho oluvamile lwama 2021 lwabona unyuselo oluncane lweCDP, kodwa lwalunganele ukuphoxanisa i-'uhlu lwesikhathi esizayo. Ukhetho lwesikhathi esizayo lungabona ukuqhekeka kwesizukulwane ne-claves.

Ukuncishiswa Kokwethembana Nokufuna Izinsalela Ezintsha

Ukwethenjwa komphakathi emabuthweni ezombangazwe kwancipha ngemva konyaka ka-2009-2012 DPJ debacle. Nakuba i-LDP iye yathola ukuthembeka okuthile, ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu ye-votorte iveza ukuthi “ayinakwethenjwa” futhi ayizizwa ithembekile kunoma iliphi iqembu. Lokhu kudala amathuba okuthola abazobhapathizwa noma izinhlangano ezizimele. Ukuvela komkhankaso we-inthanethi nezokuxhumana kunganciphisa imingcele yabathathi-mzameli abasha, nakuba izinhlangano zokubhalisa zisavunyelwa yinhlangano emisha.

Izinguquko Ezingase Zibe Khona Ziseduze

Kuphikiswana ngemibono eminingi yokulungisa ukuze kuvuselelwe isimiso seqembu laseJapane:

  • Campaign ngokwezimali uxhaxha olungaphezulu: Nciphisa ukuthembela ezinhlandleni zenkampani nakusizo lomphakathi ukuze kuncishiswe inkundla yokudlala.
  • Izinguquko zesimiso sokubuka i-: Abanye basikisela isimiso esiphelele sokubonisa okuthandwa yivoti ngokunembe kakhulu, kuyilapho abanye befuna ukunciphisa inani lezihlalo zePR ukuze bakhuthaze umncintiswano onezingxenye ezimbili.
  • Ukunikeza inkathi yokuvota [ (iseyenzelwe abantu abaneminyaka engu-18 ubudala) kanye nokwandisa ukuvota ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma kuyi-intanethi ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuthatha isinyathelo kwentsha.
  • Ukuqinisa ukuqondisa kwephalamende ukuze kuncishiswe ukubusa kwezikhulu futhi kunikeze amaqembu aphikisayo izindima ezibaluleke kakhulu emakomitini.

Isiphetho: Isimiso Esinamandla Esihlala Sikhona

Isimiso seqembu lamaqembu eJapani siye sasuka ekubuseni okukodwa ngaphansi kweSimiso sonyaka ka-1955 kuya endaweni ehlukene kakhulu, esekelwe ehlangene, futhi eguquguqukayo. I-LDP ihlala inamandla kakhulu, kodwa isimo sayo asisesona i-hegemonic. Nakuba ihlukene, amaqembu okuphikisayo, angasungula futhi amise ohulumeni (njengoba bebonwa ngo-1993 no-2009). Ikusasa liyoxhomeka kanjani ekusingatheni izinselele eziyisisekelo zomphakathi wasebe ogugile, ukuhlangana kwezomnotho, kanye nohlelo lwezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano yezombangazwe. Inkathi yezentengiselwano ezimisiwe zezombangazwe idlulile; isimiso seqembu lezempi laseJapane siyaqhubeka silongeka ngezindlela zobuphini, izinhlangano ezintsha, futhi umzabalazwe eliqhubekayo lokuchaza indlela yesizwe ekhulwini lama-21.

[[Umthetho:0] Izikhombo ze-External:[[[Umthetho:1]