I-Good Wearth Agreement (eyaziwa futhi ngokuthi i-Belfast Agreement), eyasayinwa ngo-10 April 1998, ingenye yezigebengu zokuthula eziguqula kakhulu zangonyaka wamashumi amabili eminyaka. Ayiphelanga nje kuphela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yobudlova bamahlelo eyaziwa ngokuthi izinkathazo kodwa futhi yamisa uhlelo oluqinile lokuvikela amalungelo amancane eNyakatho Ireland. Ngokungafani nokuthula okuningi okumisa nje ukuxabana, i-Good Wearth Reconvent Revenment yakha isakhiwo esihlala njalo sokulingana, ukuqaphela amasiko, nokubusa okuphelele. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela esiwavikela ngayo amalungelo amancane, inkolo, isiko, isiko, isiko, isiko, nolimi, ukuthi kungani amalungiselelo ayo esabalulekile ekuqinisekiseni umphakathi omphakathi ozinzile namuhla.

Isizinda Sesivumelwano Esihle SangoLwesihlanu

Ukuze aqonde amalungiselelo amadlanzana amalungelo e-Good Wearth Agreement, umuntu kumelwe aqale aqonde ukuhlukana okukhulu okwaba khona eNyakatho Ireland ngaphambi kuka-1998. Izinkinga (cishe ngo-1988) zabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka - 3 500 ezimpini ezalwa nabenzi bemishado yobuProthestani abaningi kakhulu base-Northern Ireland ababefuna ukuba baqhubeke beyingxenye yeUnited Kingdom, phela ngokumelene nabashisekeli besizwe abangamaKatolika abafuna i-Ireland enobunye. Ukucwasana kwedla idlanzana lamaKatolika ezindlini, umsebenzi, kanye namaphoyisa kwabangela ukuba kuqhutshwe amalungelo ezakhamuzi ekupheleni konyaka ka-1960, okwase kuhlangane nempikiswana ngobudlova nempi yombuso.

Isivumelwano savela ezinkulumo eziningi ezakhishwa ohulumeni baseBrithani nabase-Ireland futhi sanxuswa u-Senator George Mitchell. Sagunyazwa yi-menotendiums kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomngcele: 71% zabavoti eNyakatho Ireland futhi 94% eRiphabliki yase-Ireland yagunyazwa. Phakathi nendawo kwakuyisimiso sezehlo sezentekozo umehluko wokwazisa [[[] umqondo wokuthi yonke imiphakathi (i-i-i-i-costance ne-volust) kumelwe iphathwe ngokulinganayo futhi akukho zimpawu ezimele zilawule enye. Lesisimiso sihlanganisa ngokuqondile amalungelo amancane avikelwayo kulombhalo.

Ukuphathana Kwamandla Nencazelo Yezombangazwe

Isivumelwano Sokucwasana

I-Good Wearfreence yakha i-Fourth Assembly yase-Northern Ireland encitshiswe ngokusebenza ngesisekelo esibophayo. Esikhundleni sesimiso sesiko sokuqala-sezikhombo lapho iqembu elikhulu likha khona uhulumeni, isivumelwano sidinga ukuba izikhundla zokuphatha zinikezwe ngokwesilinganiso ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-d'Hondt. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili amaqembu amanyunyana namazwe aphethe amaqembu amancane ahlanganisa i-communit. (neengahlanganyela amandla) Akukho qembu elilodwa elingabusa kuphela; inyunyana elikhulu neqembu lesizwe livinjezelwe izihlalo eziphethe, kanye nezigaba ezincane.

Lelilungiselelo lokusekela amandla liyinqubo yamalungelo edlangile. Ivimbela iningi ekukhipheni ukuvota okubalulekile kwedlanzana ekwenzeni izinqumo zikahulumeni, isimo esasihlupha i-Northern Ireland phakathi nenkathi ye-Stormont (1921-191972) lapho iningi lenhlangano libusa zonke izinhlangano. Isivumelwano futhi sasungula ukuvota okunengxenye eyodwa [[[FLT]] [[FLTLT:1] ezimpikiswaneni eziyinhloko, ezidinga iningi lazo zombili izinyunyana nabameleli besizwe noma abameleli abakhulu kakhulu (60%) nabancane kumphakathi ngamunye okhona. Lokhu kunikeza amaqembu amancane anamandla [kuthinta izindaba ezithinta lezo zinto kanye namalungelo.

Ukubambisana Kwezinhlangothi Ezimbili NezeNyakatho - ntshonalanga

Ngalé kokubusa kwangaphakathi, lesi sivumelwano samisa uMkhandlu weNkonzo waseNyakatho-South, ohlanganisa abefundisi base-Ireland yase-Northern Ireland neRiphabliki yase-Ireland ukuba babambisane ezindaweni ezinjengezolimo, ezokuthutha, ezokunakekela impilo, nezemfundo. Iqembu lesizwe elizwa lisondelene kakhulu neRepublic-$] le nhlangano ihlanganisa isiqhingi esisele, ivuma ukuthi i-Ireland ingubani ngaphandle kokululaza i-prish. Kubantu abahlangene, isivumelwano saqaphela iBrithani ngokulinganayo ngemizimba yaseMpumalanga (Strath Yesithathu), kuhlanganise ne-British Irish Council ne-Iish Internalvity.

Ukuvikelwa Kwesiko Nenkolo

Ukuqashelwa Kwamasiko Amabili Ayinhloko

I-Good Wear Agreement iqinisekisa ngokucacile amalungelo ayo yomibili imiphakathi okulondoloza nokuthuthukisa i-athom yayo engokwesiko nengokwenkolo. ISiphakamiso 1 sesivumelwano "Amalung, Amanqanda nokulingana kwethuba" sithi ohulumeni baseBrithani nabase-Ireland bazokwenza "kuqokomise ukubaluleka kwenhlonipho, ukuqonda nokubekezelelana mayelana nokuhlukahluka kwezilimi" futhi“ bathathe isinyathelo esiqinile sokuthuthukisa ulimi, isiko nefa lemiphakathi." lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusekela ulimi lwe-Ireland kanye nama-Ulster Scot, kanye nokuhlonipha amasiko athile enkolo yomphakathi wobuKatolika nowamaProthestani.

I - Irish Act Yamalungelo Olimi

Enye yezici eziphikiswana kakhulu zesivikelo esincane yisimo solimi lwase-Ireland. I-Good Wearvent Agreement yacela uhulumeni waseBrithani "ukuthatha isinyathelo esiqinile sokuthuthukisa ulimi lwase-Ireland" noku "lusebenzise futhi lukhuthaze" ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Emashumini eminyaka, i-Ireland-irland-ekhuluma idla i-Prom (ngaleso sikhathi kodwa ingesona nje isizwana sobuzwe) yafuna isikhundla esisemthethweni, iphikisa ukuthi ibalulekile ekuphileni kwempucuko. Ngemva kokuthatha izivumelwano zesivumelwano se-politiki, u-Adedity nolimi (Nyakatho ye-Ireland) UMthetho 2022 (uMthetho-Omgatheli ka-Ireland) wanikeza i-Irish i-Arish mvume yolimi esemthethweni eNyakatho, kanye noMphathiswanowe-Orish Language ukuze ivikele amalungelo ezikhulu zika-Olish. Lenzalo liqapheleka futhi i-Ulsters njengolimi oluvikelwayo lwesifunda.

Imikhosi Nezibonakaliso Ezingokwenkolo

Amalungiselelo esivumelwano ahlanganisa nenkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho waqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano zomphakathi zinakekela izidingo zenkolo zemiphakathi emibili − njengesikhathi sokungangeni emaholideni enkolo, ilungiselelo lezinkonzo ezibhedlela nasemajele, kanye nokuhlonipha izimpawu ezingokwenkolo ezindaweni zomphakathi. I-Parades Commission , emiswe ngaphansi koMthetho ka-Puric Processions (Nyakatho ye-Ireland), uMthetho wokushaya izikhalo (ngokuvamile ngenkolo noma ngemiphakathi yempucuko) ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwesatshiswa nokuvikela amalungelo emiphakathi emiphakathini emincane ukuba iphile ngaphandle kokuhlukunyezwa ngamahlelo.

Ukuvikelwa Okungokomthetho Nokuyizinhlangano

IKhomishane Yamalungelo Abantu Yasenyakatho Ireland

Isivumelwano se-Good Wesihlanu sagunyaza ukusungulwa kwe-Bill of Rights of Northern Ireland (I-NIHRC) njengendikimba ezimele yokuqondisa nokuthuthukisa amalungelo abantu. I-NIHRC inomthwalo wemfanelo ongokomthetho wokululeka uhulumeni ngokuhambelana kwemithetho namalungelo abantu futhi isebenzela i-Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland (interst Rights). I-khomishane iyizwi elibalulekile leqembu elincane, eliveza imibiko emayelana nenzondo ngobugebengu, i-crool, impilo yengqondo, kanye namalungelo abafuduki .

Ukuthunywa Kokulingana KweNyakatho Ireland

Ngaphandle kwe-NIHRC, isivumelwano samisa i-Eunity Commission for Northern Ireland (ECNI) ukuze iphoqelele imithetho yokulingana ne-ECNI) futhi ibeke inselele ubandlululo lwezezombangazwe, uhlanga, ubulili, ubulili, ubudala, kanye nendlela yobulili. Igunya lenkampane lihlanganisa ukuphenya izikhalo, ukubuza, ukwenza izenzo ezingokomthetho. Ukudalwa kwayo kwakuyisehlo esiqondisweni esiqondile sobandlululo oluhleliwe idlanzana lamaKatolika ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, kodwa manje i-Remit ivikela wonke amaqembu ahluzekile, kuhlanganise nomphakathi wesizwe nomphakathi we-LGBT+.

Ingxenye 75 yoMthetho waseNyakatho Ireland ka - 1998

Mhlawumbe ilungiselelo elilodwa elinamandla kakhulu lamalungelo eqembu elincane yi-Ingxenye 75 ye-Northern Ireland Act 1998, efeza isivumelwano. Ibeka umsebenzi ongokomthetho kuzo zonke iziphathimandla zomphakathi eNyakatho Ireland ukuba zibe nesidingo sokukhuthaza ukulingana kwethuba phakathi kwezigaba ezingu-9, kuhlanganise nenkolo, umbono wezombangazwe, kanye nohlanga. Ifuna futhi iziphathimandla ukuthuthukisa ubuhlobo obuhle phakathi kwabantu abanezinkolelo ezihlukene zenkolo nemibono engokombangazwe. Le nkonzo isebenza kuwo wonke umnyango, umkhandlu wezempilo, nendikimba yomphakathi, ngokuphumelelayo ihlanganisa ukulingana kokusebenza kwansuku zonke kwezwe. Isimiso ngasinye kumelwe sihlolwe ukuze sithintele amaqembu amancane, siqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni akanakuwahlukanisa noma angazi lutho.

Ukulingana Nokungacwasana

Umsebenzi Ofanele Nemithetho Efanele

I-Good Wesihlanu Agreement eyakhelwe umthetho wezemisebenzi olungile wangaphambili owawuye wavala ubandlululo olungokwenkolo emsebenzini. Uhlelo lwe-Fair Accounting and Treatment (eNyakatho Ireland) 1998 lwandisa isivikelo sokuhlanganisa izindawo ezingasebenzi njengezindlu, imfundo, nelungiselelo lempahla nezinkonzo. I-Fair Proce Bridge Tribunal yamiswa ukuze ilalele izikhalo. Ngenxa yalokho, igebe eliphakathi kwamanani okuntuleka komsebenzi kwamaKatolika (okungokomlando laliphakeme kakhulu kunawobuProthestani) lancipha kakhulu, kubonisa ithonya eliqinisekile lesivikelo senkululeko encintiyo.

Ukushintsha Kwemithetho

Enye yezindawo ezancintiswa kakhulu kwakuyi-Protopy. IRoyal Ulster Conssabulary (RUC) yayiyiprothestani futhi ingathenjwa kakhulu yidlanzana lamaKatolika. Isivumelwano saholela ePatten Commission, eyatusa ukudunyiswa okuphelele kwe-haul/nenami amandla aphoqelelayo eNkonzo yamaphoyisa aseNyakatho Ireland (PSNI), eqala 50: i-Pristabulantmentation (kamuva i-Pristuanty), imisa i-Prothence Board ezimeleyo, futhi yakha umbuso wokuqeqeshela amalungelo abantu. Nakuba izinselele zisekhona, izikhulu zamaKatolika zasuka cishe ku-8% ngo-1999 kuya ku-30% namuhla, kanti i-MSNI manje ibhekwa njengenye yamaphoyisa amaningi aphendulayo e-UK.

Ilungiselelo Lezindlu Nelomphakathi

Lesi sivumelwano saqinisa futhi umsebenzi we-Northern Ireland Homes Adminigment (NIHE), owakhiwa ngo-1971 ukuze uqede ukwabiwa kwezindlu zobushiqela ezanika inhlangano yamalungelo abantu. I-NIHE yahlukanisa izindlu zezenhlalo ngesisekelo sesidingo, futhi i-Cult 75 iqinisekisa ukuthi amaqembu ezinhlanga ezimbalwa, abesifazane ababalekela ubudlova basekhaya, nabantu abakhubazekile abangelutho. [[FLT: 0] Uhlelo lwendawo yokuhlala [ namalungiselelo okuthola inzuzo exubile kanye nokuhlangana komakhelwane kubonisa isibopho sokwakha umphakathi ophelele.

Umphumela Wesivumelwano Esihle SangoLwesihlanu Samalungelo Amancane

Ukunciphisa Ubudlova Nokucindezeleka Kwamahlelo

Ithonya elisobala kakhulu kuye kwaba ukwehla okukhulu kobudlova bezombangazwe. Nakuba amaqembu ezempi esasebenza ngezinga elithile, inani labafayo lancipha kusukela kwabangu-400 ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 laba yizibalo eziphindeneyo ngemva kwesivumelwano. Ngokungasabi kakhulu, imiphakathi embalwa − izifundazwe ezindaweni zamaProthestani noma amaqembu ahlangene ezindaweni zamaKatolika ahlala kuzo — yakwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokukhululekile ngokwengeziwe ekuphileni komphakathi. Isivumelwano savumela futhi ukukhululwa kwasekuqaleni kweziboshwa ezihlome ezombangazwe, isinyathelo esiyimpikiswano esasusa isithiyo esikhulu ekuthuleni.

Ubuhlobo Bomphakathi Obuthuthukisiwe Nokuxoxa

Isivumelwano samisa ukwelapha ngesikhala esihlanganyelwe nengxoxo. iCommunity Relations Council yaqiniswa ukusekela imisebenzi ehamba phambili ne-community, futhi i- Office yeNgqongqoshe Yokuqala nesekela leNgqongqoshe Yokuqala ikhuthaze ukuhlanganisa: Ukwakha icebo loMphakathi. Lezi zinyathelo ziye zakhuthaza ukuqonda nokubambisana phakathi kwamasiko amabili ayinhloko, kanye namaqanda amasha amancane aseMpumalanga Yurophu, imiphakathi yamaShayina ne-Asiya, ne-Romsfterray ne-Fodlerves. EBelctivectionation project [FFFFoct:5] kanye nokususa izindonga eziningi zokuthula ezinsuselane.

Isiqinisekiso Samalungelo Esingasolwanga

Esinye sezithembiso ezingagcwaliseki zesivumelwano esilungile sangoLwesihlanu yi- iSivumelwano samalungelo abantu sase-Northern Ireland esizothi "silahle izimiso zokuhloniphana ngokubaluleka nokungalingani kwemiphakathi nezindinganiso. I-NIHRC itusa ngokuphindaphindiwe umthetho ozodlula i-Europe Convention on Human Rights ukuze ihlanganise isivikelo esiqondile solimi, isiko, namalungelo ezomnotho. Nokho, ukungavumelani kwezombangazwe ngezindaba ezinjengokukhipha isisu, ukulingana, ukulingana, nokungalingani kwamalungelo kuye kwaqhubeka. Ngokungabikho kwesivumelwano seMiba engokomthetho, isivikelo esincane siye sathembela ekulinganisweni okukhona kanye nasebusweni kwenkululeko yobuntu, okubhekenenhlongo - 1998, okubhekene nokusongela kwezombangazwe.

Izinselele Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Eziqhubekayo

Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo, amalungiselelo e-Good Wear Agreement amalungelo amancane awazixazululanga zonke izinkinga. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zokuhlala nemfundo ngamahlelo kuhlala kuphakeme − kungaphezu kwa 90% wezingane ezifunda izikole ezihlukene ngokwenkolo. Ukuzonda amazinga obugebengu, ikakhulukazi kumaqembu amancane esizwe ne-LGBT+ + abantu, kuyakhula. Ifa lezinkinga zezinkinga (umz., izenzakalo ezingaxazululwanga ngokubulala ngemibutho yokulondeka) ziyaqhubeka zihlukanisa imiphakathi, futhi izinhlangano zezombangazwe ziye zantengantengantenga, futhi ingqungquthela ingquthela ephakame phakathi kuka-2002002007 no-2007 no-202020. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umngcele ngemva kwe-Brethi eyimpi esongela ukulingana okungathisayo, njengoba ithinta izinga lesizwe namalungelo esizwe nesizwe somphakathi nesizwe.

Isiphetho

I-Good Wear Agreement inguphawu lwamalungelo amancane e-Northern Ireland. Yathatha indawo yesimiso sokubusa kwamahlelo ngokulawula ngokulingana okungokomthetho, nokuqashelwa ngokwesiko. Yamisa izinhlangano eziqinile zokucwasa amaphoyisa futhi ikhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa, futhi yanikeza izwi kulabo ababethule izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Nakuba isivumelwano siphelele, siwumbuso ophilayo / "ubumba ukwakheka okuqhubekayo kwempikiswano ngolimi, ukuma, ukulingana, nokulingana. Njengoba i-Northern Ireland ihlola izakhiwo ze-Brhit, izimiso zesivumelwano esihle soLwesihlanu esihloniphekayo, ukulingana kwethuba, ukulingana nokuhlonipha inhlonipho ngenxa yokwahlukahlukana, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo abo bonke abantu abambalwa akhona.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, bheka isikhulu se-ofisi ephetheyo iziqondiso ze-Ofisi eMvumelwaneni WangoLwesihlanu Omuhle , iKhomishane yamalungelo abantu yasenyakatho Ireland [ yasenyakatho ye-Ireland , kanye ne-[FLT]E-Act Commission ye-Northern Ireland [[[FLT:]]]