Indlela Isosha Lesizwe Elisekela Ngayo Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ngemva Kwezinhlekelele

Uma kugadla izinhlekelele zemvelo ezinjengeziphepho, izikhukhula, ukuzamazama komhlaba, noma imigodi yemlilo, imiphakathi ivame ukubhekana nokulimala okubhubhisayo kwezakhiwo zayo. Izindawo zokulawula izakhiwo, amabhuloho acrack, imishini ewayo, imishini yamandla kagesi, ihluleka, futhi ibhungane lokuxhumana. Lokhu kuphazamisa kungaphazamisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke, kuphazamise ukusabela okuphuthumayo, futhi kwephuze ukubuya ngokushesha, amasonto noma izinyanga. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela ezicatshazayo ezitholakalayo ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo zezwe nezindawo ezihlala kuzo, i-National Guardssss. Njengoba ibutho le-locker ehlala linesikhundla esikhethekile esinesikhundla esinendawo esinemisebenzi emibili ekhethekile, ingenza ukuba kuvusene ikhono lokulungisa izakhiwo, futhi silungise izinkonzo ezibalulekile. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela ezikhethekile ezisekela izinhlekelele ze-National Guardstion, kusukela ekulungiseni izinhlekelele ezithatha isikhathi eside, ekulungiseni imizamo esidala.

Indima Yokubambisana Yonogada Besizwe Ekusabeleni Enhlekeleleni

I-National Guard isebenza ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esivumela ukuba ikhonze kokubili iziphathimandla zikahulumeni nohulumeni. Ezimweni eziningi zenhlekelele, umbusi wombuso othintekile ushukumisa i-gard ngaphansi kokulawula kukahulumeni (isihloko 32). Lokhu kuvumela ukuba iQundani lithole imali futhi lisebenze ngaphansi komyalo kajenene we-auto ngenkathi lisafaka iyunifomu yezempi futhi lithola iholo likahulumeni. Ezinhlekeleleni ezinkulu, uMongameli angahlanganisa amahlelo agadalward (isi-10) ukuze asekele imizamo kahulumeni yokuphendula eholwa yi-FEMA. Lokhu kuvumela i-gadaydss ukuba i-gate i-mfontrol, ilethe izimpahla ezengeziwe, futhi isebenze ngaphansi komyalo owenziwe ngezisebenzi ezisebenzayo lapho kudingeka.

Ikhono lonqanda ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha liyinzuzo enkulu. Nakuba amabutho asebenzayo angathatha izinsuku ukuqoqa nokuthumela, amabutho abaqaphi avame ukubekwa emiphakathini ethintekile noma ezindaweni eziseduze. Lokhu kusondelana kuwenza akwazi ukuqala ukuhlolwa nokulungisa imisebenzi yezesisekelo phakathi namahora ambalwa enhlekelele.

Umonakalo Wokuqala Wokuzihlola Nokuvumelana

Omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu i-National Guard eyenzayo yi- ukuhlolwa kononjiniyela abagada, amaphoyisa ezempi, nochwepheshe bezokuxhumana bathunyelwa ukuba bahlole imigwaqo, amabhuloho, i-irbody nezinye izinto eziwusizo. Basebenzisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, i-rawances, i-atmosfera, nendiza enophephela emhlane ukuze baqaphele indlela edlulayo, ubuthakathaka bokwakha, nezingozi ezinjengemigqa edilizayo yamandla kagesi. Lokhu kwaziswa kudluliselwa esikhungweni sesimo sikahulumeni sesimo esiphuthumayo, lapho kusiza khona imizamo yokulungisa nokuqoqa imithombo yemali.

Ukubambisana nezinhlangano zendawo kubalulekile. Izikhulu zokuxhumana nabaphathi besifundazwe abasebenza ngengozi, iminyango yomphakathi, nezinkampani zezemisebenzi ukuze zivumelane. Ngokwesibonelo, iQuage ingasiza amaphoyisa nezisebenzi zomphakathi ukuba zisuse imfucumfucu emizileni eyinhloko ukuze izisebenzi ezilungisayo zikwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezilimalayo noma ezikhungweni zokwelapha amanzi. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa komsebenzi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu zithola ukunakekela kuqala.

Ukubuyisela Izakhiwo Ezibucayi: Imigwaqo, Amabhuloho Nezakhiwo Ezinkulu

Uma isiqedile, i-National Guard ishintshana ekulungiseni izandla nasekulungiseni. Nazi izindawo eziyinhloko lapho izisebenzi zogada nemishini kwenza khona ithonya elikhulu:

Umgwaqo Nokulungisa Isikhashana

Ukususwa kwe-Debris kuvame ukuba yiyonanto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ama-gada aletha imishini enzima enjengezinqola ze-gandaganda, izimba, amaloli okulahla imfucumfucu, nemuva kwemuva. Imishini iqeqeshelwa ukuhlanza izimoto ezizodwa, ukusebenzisa izimoto ezikhethekile njenge-M9 Arsed Combat Earthmon Earthover ne-M1151 High Moolitility Multial Beacked Vehicle (HWV) ukuze ikhiphe imfucucs, igcwalise izitshana, futhi ilungise ibhuloho elidayo. Njengezimiso zamabhuloholoho ezigcinwe eMbutho engaphambili ekwakhiwe, zingahlanganiswa ngokushesha yi-Aultersssss ukuze zivuleke imigwaqo evulekile emigwaneni noma izakhiwo. Lokhu kwakubangwa kabi ngemva kweSiphepho e-Arcles 2018, lapho unjini ehlala i-Ault.

Ukubuyiselwa Kobunyumba: Amandla, Amanzi, Nokukhulumisana

Ukubuyisela izinto ezisetshenziswayo kuyingesinye indawo lapho ugada benikeza khona ukusekela okubalulekile. Nakuba izisebenzi ze-panel ezinkampanini zamandla zilungisa ngokuyinhloko, imishini yokugada nezindawo zokuphepha zisiza umsebenzi wazo ngokususa izindlela zokungena, ukunikeza uphethiloli nempahla, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Kwezinye izimo, amahlelo asebenza ngogesi noma imishini isiza ekumiseni izinjini zesikhashana ezibucayi ezinjengezibhedlela, imishini yokulungisa amanzi, kanye nezikhungo zokukhosela. I-gade futhi isebenzisa izimoto zezokuxhumana ezikwazi ukubuyisela amangqamuzana ne-intanethi lapho isakhiwo sezenzwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Guamy National Guide’s Invidents Intelligents Cap Camivations (JISCC) i-measueves, i-data, i-tectiveotacial ne-tectives officiography.

Izakhiwo Zamanzi Nezitsha Zokuhlwanyela

Izenzakalo zeSikhukhula zivame ukubangela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nokulimala kwezimiso zokuchitha indle. Amaqembu asekela abantu, ahlanganisa amakhemikhali, izinto eziphilayo, i-radiology, kanye ne-ioctrogical (CBRN), angahlola izinga lamanzi futhi athole izingozi. Imishini ekwazi ukuhlanza amanzi ingamisa izimiso zokubuyisela i-osmosisis ukuze inikeze amanzi ahlanzekile emiphakathini ethintekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqondisi bemishini abasindayo basiza ekulungiseni imigqa yendle yendle ngokumba nokuthatha indawo yamapayipile aphukile. Ezikhukhubeni ezinkulu, njengalezo ezibonelelwe phakathi kweSiphepho iHarvey ngo-201717, onjiniyela abasebenza eduze kwamapulanethilo ukuze balungise izitshalo ezingcolile ezazigcwele isiphephothiwe yisi.

Ukuqeqesha Nokulungiselela: Isisekelo Sokusabela Okuphumelelayo

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlangano zokuzithandela, amalungu oMqaphi angamasosha angochwepheshe aqeqeshela unyaka wonke (kokubili izinkonzo zokulwa kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zasekhaya. Izinhlelo eziningana zokuqeqesha ziyasebenza ngokuqondile ekulungiseni izakhiwo zezemisebenzi yemvelo:

  • Ukuqeqeshelwa ukudilizwa kobunjiniyela bezokugada: Imishini yobunjiyela (onjiniyela bekhomu, izinkampani zamabhuloho, onjiniyela bokwakha) isitimela esakhiweni somgwaqo, ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho, ukuhlaziywa, nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo. Abaningi bathola iziqinisekiso ezilingana nemisebenzi yokwakha engekho hulumeni.
  • Imishini yokuthutha nokuphatha amaketanga okunikeza: Amasosha ahamba ngekota, ezokuthutha, kanye nezindawo zokuthutha afunda indlela yokuthutha imishini emikhulu, ukulawula uphethiloli namanzi ngokushelela, kanye nokusebenzisa amakhishi aguqulelwa ngokuqondile ekusekeleni amaqembu alungisayo ensimini.
  • Ukusabela okuqinile kwezokwelapha: [ngesikhathi kungeyona isisekelo esiqondile, izisebenzi zezokwelapha zezisebenzi ze-garder zilapha ukulimala phakathi kwezisebenzi ezilungisayo nezisulu zenhlekelele, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi zihlala ziphilile futhi zikwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi.
  • Izifundo ezikhethekile: Agada bahlanganyela ekuziqeqesheleni okuhlangeneyo ne-FEMA, i-U.S. Corps of Engineers, nezinhlangano zokuqondisa isimo esiphuthumayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-Apply Guardard lulingisa izinhlekelele ezibhubhisayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla okwakha izakhi.

Lokhu kulungiselela kuvumela amahlelo agadayo ukuba asebenzise isaziso esincane. Uma kubikezelwa isiphepho, amavikelo angaqapha imishini ebekwe phambili nezisebenzi eduze kwezindawo ezinezintambo eziphezulu, okunqamula izikhathi zokusabela izinsuku ngamahora. Ngemva kwenhlekelele, angashintsha ukuhlola alungise ngaphandle kokudinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe.

Ukusekela Komphakathi Nokululama Isikhathi Eside

Indima ye-National Guard idlulela ngalé kwenkathi ephuthumayo yokuqala. Ezikhathini eziningi izinhlekelele, amaqembu abaqaphi ahlala emsebenzini amasonto noma izinyanga, asekela kokubili ukulungiswa okusheshayo nokululama isikhathi eside. Umsebenzi wawo usiza imiphakathi ukuba ingahlaziyi nje kuphela kodwa futhi ibuye iqine futhi iqine.

Ukusiza Esiyalweni Sesikhashana

Nakuba kulungiswa unomphela, igada liyasiza ekulungiseni nasekusebenziseni amakhambi esikhashana. Izibonelo zihlanganisa:

  • amabhuloho aqinile: Njengoba kushiwo, onjiniyela bezomkhosi bangamisa amabhuloho athwala izimoto ezigcwele zezakhamuzi kuyilapho izakhiwo ezihlala njalo ziklanywe futhi zakhiwe.
  • Ukusakazwa okunciphileyo kukaphethiloli: Ngemva kwesaqhwithi esikhulu iSandy, amayunithi e-garter amisa amaphuzu okusakaza uphethiloli ohambayo ukuze agcine izinjini zisebenza futhi zilungise izimoto.
  • Isiteshi nokucwenga: Ezinhlekeleleni zogu, amaqembu agijimela emanzini asusa imfucumfucu emizileni yokuhamba, avumela izikebhe zokuthutha imikhumbi nokulungisa imikhumbi ukuba kufinyelele ezindaweni ezithintekile.

Ukusekela Imisebenzi Yokwakha Yezikhathi Ezide

Izifundazwe eziningi ze-Guard ziye zasungula izinhlelo ezintsha zokuguqula ukusabela ekululameni. Ngokwesibonelo, i-National Task Force Rattlesnake yaseCalifornia yasiza ekwakheni kabusha imizila yemizila yempi nemigwaqo eyacekelwa phansi yimililo yequbula. ETexas, amaqembu onjiniyela abagada aye asiza ekwakheni kabusha izimiso zokukhipha amanzi ashayo ezidabukile kanye nezivalo. Lezi misebenzi zihilela ukusebenzelana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni njenge-U.S. Army of Enginers, iminyango yezokuthutha, kanye nemishini yendawo. Izisebenzi zokwakhela inciphisa izindleko zokwakha kabusha futhi zisheshisa isikhathi, zivumela imiphakathi ukuba iphinde iphinde ithole ngokushesha.

Ukubuyela Emuva Nokuzikhulula

Ngemva kwenhlekelele, igada lingasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni umonakalo wesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqinisa isisekelo esikhona, ukuphakamisa imigwaqo ezindaweni ezinezikhukhula, nokufaka izigxobo ze-octration ezinamandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi amaqembu abagada ayingxenye yomphakathi awukhonzayo, banesigxobo somuntu siqu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isakhiwo esisha singamelana nenhlekelele elandelayo. Ukuvuma kwabo ngalokho okusebenzayo kanye nalokho okungazange kuthathwe phakathi nokusabela kusiza abahleli bendawo ukuba bakhethe kahle kakhulu.

Izibonelo Zangempela Zezwe Zokulungisa Izinqubo Zokuvikela Zesizwe

Ukuze ubone uchungechunge lokuhileleka kwabalindi, cabangela lemisebenzi ephawulekayo:

  • Hurricane Katrina (2005): Amabutho agada athunyelwa eGulf Coast. Amanjini asusa imfucumfucu eqhele ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-4 000 emigwaqo, alungisa amaleve, futhi abuyisela amandla ezikhungweni ezibucayi. IQembu lasebenzisa izimiso zokuhlanza amanzi zesikhashana ezazinikeza izigidi zamalitha amanzi ahlanzekile nsuku zonke.
  • Hurricane Maria (2017) Puerto Rico: Izinga labaqaphi elivela ezifundazweni eziningi elithunyelwe esiqhingini ukuze lisekele ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi. Zasusa ukudilika kwemigwaqo yasezintabeni, zakha kabusha amabhuloho esikhashana ngokusebenzisa amabhuloho eBailey, futhi zasiza ekubuyiseleni i-rogle kagesi ngokuhlanganisa imigqa emisha nangokumisa izigxobo zeziti.
  • ICalifornia Wild Fire (2021):[[FLT] i-Fort yaseCalifornia Guard yasebenzisa izinto ezinzima ukuze ibangele ukuqhuma komlilo, izihlahla ezifile, nokulungisa imigwaqo yokungena ezimotweni zokucima umlilo. Ngemva kweKampa Fire, onjiniyela basiza ekususeni imfucumfucu eyingozi nokwakha imigwaqo emakhilomitha aphakathi kwezindawo ezishiwe.
  • 2023 Imililo yaseHawaii: I-Hawaii National Guard yanikeza indlela yokususa, ukususa imfucumfucu, nokusekela kokuxhumana eLahaina. Basebenzisa futhi amagesi okuphehla ugesi namachashaza amanzi asebenza ukubuyisela amandla namanzi ezimweni ezisindayo.

Indlela Onogada Abangena Ngayo Endleleni Yokuvuselela Ebanzi

I-National Guard ayisebenzi endaweni engenalutho. Ingxenye eyodwa yesimiso sokululama esikhulu ehlanganisa i-FEMA, iButho loMkhosi woMkhosi wase-U.S. leze-Enginegers, isifunda nemisebenzi yomphakathi, isigaba esizimele (izinkampani zezezezenzuzo, izimboni zokwakha), kanye nezingazuzisi). Isu eliyingqayizivele le-gard liyikhono lokusebenza ngaphansi kwesiyalo sezempi nomyalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi iqedwe kahle ngisho nasezimweni eziphithikelezayo. Amahlelo ezisebenzi zomphakathi (ngezomkhampatho nezabela), angazimisa izisekelo zazo siqu, futhi axhumane neminyango eyimfihlo lapho iphansi izinhlangano zezezomthetho. Lokhu kuzenza zibaluleke kakhulu emahoreni okuqala angu-7 angoko lapho ezinye izimali zisekhona.

Ababusi bakahulumeni bangacela Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) imbuyekezo yamali yabalindi ngaphansi koMthetho weStafford. Lendlela yezimali ivumela ukuba amahlelo agade inkathi ende ngaphandle kwezindleko zikahulumeni ezikhathazayo. Eminyakeni yamuva, uMkhandlu ugunyaze ukusetshenziswa kwezimali zoMgaqo-mali emikhankasweni eqinile, uqaphela ukuthi i-presester digigation ibiza kakhulu kunemali yokulungisa iposi.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngendlela ama-gada abekelwe ngayo ukusabela enhlekeleleni, bheka i-website yesizwe yabagada kanye ne- .gov elungiselelwe imithombo yemali[. Ngaphezu kwalokho, U.S. Corps of Enginers[ arights arights arightions [[FLT]] neqembu elisebenza neQuaq'e emisebenzi emikhulu yezemisebenzi yezembutho.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa

Naphezu kwamakhono ayo, i-National Guard ibhekene nokulinganiselwa ekulungiseni izakhiwo. Okokuqala, izisebenzi zezemfuyo zingaba nezakhamuzi; zinemisebenzi nemikhaya. Ukusebenza okungaphezulu kungacindezela ukuphila kwabo siqu nabaqashi. Okwesibili, imishini yoMgada, nakuba iqinile, iklanyelwe izinjongo zempi futhi ingase ingabi ngefanelekela imisebenzi ekhethekile yokulungisa izakhiwo zezemisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, abakhi bezikhali bakhululwe izikhali bakhuluphele kakhulu futhi bangalimaza indawo evulekile. Indima ye-garbitor ne-odolth ne-omsmentiers ingacotant, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinto eziphambili eziphikisanayo. Ekugcineni, i-gadockingssss areant zezerter, onjiniyelayela abaphathi bezentelligence, noma abasebenzi bamanzi. Indima ye-gade i-odoulter i-octives processss.

Isiphetho

I-National Guard iwusizo olubalulekile ekulungiseni izakhiwo zezemisebenzi ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo. Isakhiwo sayo samazwe amabili esinezikhungo sisiza ukuqoqa ngokushesha, ukuqeqeshwa kwayo okukhulu kuyenze ilungise imisebenzi eminingi, futhi ukuba khona kwayo esekelwe emphakathini kuqinisekisa ukuthi amabutho anolwazi lwendawo nokuzimisela. Ukususa imfucumfucu kanye nokwakha amabhuloho esikhashana ukuze kubuyiselwe izinto ezisebenza ngokusesimweni esiphansi, i-gade isiza imiphakathi ukuba ilulame ngokushesha nangokuphepha. Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kukhula izenzakalo zezulu ezingathi sína, indima ye-gadaywe ngokomthetho iyokhula kuphela. Imishini yezemishini, abaphathi bezokulungisa izakhiwo zesikhashana, futhi izakhamuzi ngokufanayo kufanele ziqonde futhi zisekele ukuthi i-gadoult, ihlome, ihlome, futhi iyakwazi ukuphendula lapho kugadla inhlekelele.