Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izikole zendawo kulo lonke izwe ziye zenza intuthuko ngamabomu ekudaleni indawo lapho umfundi ngamunye ezizwa elondekile, ehloniphekile futhi eyigugu. Izimiso zokulwa nobandlululo zisemqoka walemizamo, zisebenza njengezimiso ezivimbela ukuhlukunyezwa nobandlululo olusekelwe ngokohlanga, ubulili, ubulili, ubulili, ubulili, inkolo, ukukhubazeka, noma isimo sezezomnotho. Lemithetho ayiyona nje imibhalo esemthethweni elawula isizinda semfundo yesikole, ithonya, iziqondiso nokuziphatha komfundisi. Njengoba imiphakathi iqala ukuhlukahlukahluka futhi ikwazi ukuhlukanisa ubulili, ukubheka, izikole zicabanga indlela ezizisebenzisa ngayo futhi ziqikelele lezimiso zokuvikela ukuba ziqinisekise ukuthi ziguqulele kuyo yonke abafundi.

Ukuqonda Imikhuba Yokumelana Nezingxabano Ezikoleni

Izimiso zokulwa nokungavumelani nemithetho engokomthetho elandelwa yizifunda zesikole ukuvimbela ukuphathwa ngokungafanele nokuqinisekisa amathuba alinganayo okuthola imfundo. Zisekelwe emithethweni kahulumeni enjengethi Thit VI of the Civil Rights Act ka 1964, enqabela ukucwaswa ngesisekelo sohlanga, imibala, noma isizinda sobuzwe; iSihlomelo IX, esivikela ekucwaseni isigaba socansi; ne-Areverservel Education Act (IEA), efuna izinkonzo ezifanele kubafundi abakhubazekile. Izifunda eziningi nezindawo ziye zafaka futhi isivikelo esengeziwe, ikakhulukazi ku LBTQ nakubafundi abavela kwamanye amazwe.

Lezizimiso zivame ukuveza ukuziphatha okunqatshelwe − njengokuhlambalaza, ukwesabisa ngokomzimba, ukwephula, nokukhipha i-inthanethi − futhi zichaza izinqubo ezicacile zokubika nemiphumela. Kodwa izimiso eziphumelelayo zidlula isijeziso. Zihlanganisa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo: intuthuko yezisebenzi, imisebenzi yangemva kwesikole, ukuhlanganisa, ukuvuselela inqubo yobulungisa, kanye nezimiso zokusekela ezisingatha izimbangela eziyinhloko zobandlululo. Izikole eziphatha ukulwa nobandlululo njengenani elikhulu kunokuba i-CRP ibone ukwehla kwezimo zokuxhaphaza abanye, ukuthuthukisa izivumelwano zemfundo, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanganisa kwezifundo, kanye nobudlelwane obuqinile phakathi kwabafundi abavela ezindebeni ezihlukahlukene.

Ukubhekisisa ububanzi bezwe elingokomthetho, U.S. uMnyango we-Ofisi yemfundo yamalungelo e-Polity unikeza isiqondiso ezimfunekweni zikahulumeni nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ubandlululo ezimisweni zemfundo.

Ukubaluleka Kokumelana Nokucwasa Kubangela Impumelelo Yabafundi

Ukucwaninga kubonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi abafundi bafunda kangcono kakhulu lapho bezizwa belondekile ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ukubandlululwa − noma kungaphezu kwamandla noma kucashile — kubangela ukucindezeleka okunobuthi okuphazamisa ukugxilisa ingqondo, kunciphisa ukuzithatha, futhi kwandisa ukungahambi. Kubafundi abakweqisiwe ekuthatheni imingcele. Ukuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ekucaciseni, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo isikhathi eside, ukukhucululwa esikoleni, kanye nethuba elikhulu lokuyeka. Izimiso zokulwa nokungalawuleki ziyithuluzi elibucayi lokuphazamisa lemijikelezo.

Uma izikole zisebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile, ezibonakalayo zokulwa nonya, izinzuzo zidlulela ngalé komfundi ngamunye. Isimo esiqondile sesikole esiphawulwa inhlonipho futhi sihlanganiswe siholela ekusebenzeni kwemfundo ephakeme, izenzakalo ezinikeza isiyalo ezimbalwa, nomzali omkhulu nomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezimiso zilungiselela abafundi ukuba basebenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene nomphakathi, zibafundise amakhono ozwela, ukuxazulula izingxabano, nokukhulumisana okunganqamukiyo. Ngokombiko ka 2023 we-2023 we-National Education Association, izikole ezinezimiso ezimelene nezehlakaniphiwa kakhulu zabika izenzakalo zokuhlukunyezwa kanye nokungavumelani nomthetho ezibanzi zabika izenzakalo ezingamashumi amabili% ezihlukene zomphakathi, ezifundisa abafundi ukuba nomqondo wobungane.

Izikole ezidebeselela lezi zimiso zisengozini yokubekwa icala ngokomthetho, ukulahlekelwa ukwethenjelwa umphakathi, nokuqhubekiselwa phambili kwemibono eyingozi. Ngokuphambene, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu eziqhubekayo kubafundi, imikhaya, kanye nezisebenzi ezisebenzayo ezikukonke kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngemiphumela yesimo sezulu sesikole ekufundeni, uhlelo lwe-CDC oluthi Healthy Youth lunikeza ukucwaninga nemithombo yezesivikelo ezicini zesikole.

Izinqubo Zokusetshenziswa Okuphumelelayo

Ukuhumusha izimiso zokulwa nobandlululo emsebenzini wansuku zonke kudinga amasu ahlohlwa ngamabomu, anezingxenye eziningi. Izikole eziphumelelayo ukusingatha ukufezeka hhayi njengesenzakalo esisodwa kodwa njengenqubo eqhubekayo yokucathula, imfundo, nokuzivumelanisa. Izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokuvamile ziyisisekelo semizamo ephumelelayo: ukuthuthukisa isimiso, ukuqeqesha nemfundo, kanye nezimiso zokusekela.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimiso Zokusetshenziswa Kwabantu

Ukusungula isimiso esiqinile sokulwa nobandlululo kuqala ngokubambisana okuhlanganisa ukubambisana. Izikole ezihlanganisa izingxube ezihlukene zabafakeli bezono/izingane, abazali, othisha, abaphathi, izinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nochwepheshe bezomthetho .Inqubo kufanele ihlanganise ukubukeza ukwaziswa okukhona okuphathelene nokwehlukana kwemithetho, ukuhlola okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo, nokufunda izimiso zokulingisa ezivela ezindaweni ezinemikhondo egciniwe egciniwe.

Izimiso eziphumelelayo zichaza ngokucacile ukuthi iluphi ubandlululo, ukuhlukumeza, nokuphindisela. Zinikeza izibonelo eziqinile zokusiza othisha nabafundi ukuba baqaphele ukuziphatha okunqatshelwe. Zibuye zichaze imiphumela egcizelela imfundo edlula isijeziso, njengokuqeqeshwa okuphoqelelwe kwabaphulisi, abahleli abalungisayo, nokuxhumana. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izinhlelo kumelwe zidluliselwe ezilimini ezifinyelelwe yimikhaya ekhulunywayo esifundeni, emawebhsayithi, nakuzincwadi zabafundi. Imijikelezo yaminyaka yonke iqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ekhona, amandla ezenhlalo, nokuvumelana nomphakathi kuhlala kunezimo zomphakathi.

Ukuqeqesha Nemfundo

Ngisho nesimiso esingcono kakhulu asisebenzi uma izisebenzi nabafundi bengazi ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani. Ukuqeqesha kumelwe kube okubanzi, okuqhubekayo, futhi kuvumelaniswe nezindima ezihlukene. Zonke izisebenzi zesikole `othisha, abeluleki, izisebenzi zokudlela, abashayeli bamabhasi, nabaqondisi-abaphathi---------------all" kufanele kuthole ukuqeqeshwa kokuqala nonyaka kokuqaphela ubandlululo olucacile, ukungenela ezifezini zobugebengu, nokusekela abafundi abathintekile. Ukuhlola okungu-20222 okukhishwe kuyiJournal of School Violence. Kwathola ukuthi izikole eziqeqeshwa zaminyaka yonke eziqeqeshwa ngezisebenzi ezinobandlululo olusekelwe ekuhluzelweni kweqembu elingu-40% zabona ukwehla ezibikwayo lapho kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangaqeqeshwangaqeqeshwanganikezwangaqeqeshwanga.

Imfundo yabafundi ibaluleke ngokufanayo. Izifundo zeminyaka efanelekile zingahlanganisa izifundo zozwela lweminyaka, ukufunda imithombo yezindaba, izihloko zomlando nezesikhathi sawo zobandlululo, namakhono okuma njengesekela. Izifunda eziningi zithatha izinhlelo ezifana ukufundisa ngoMahluleli (ngaphambili ukufundisa), ezinikeza imithombo yemfundo yamahhala yesikole kanye nezimo zentuthuko. Izikole zingahlanganisa futhi izihloko eziphikisanayo ezifundweni zomphakathi, izincwadi, namakilasi empilo. Izikhulu zezivakashi, izifunda zabafundi, izifunda zesifunda, nezinhlelo zontanga zingaqinisa ngokwengeziwe isigijimi sokuthi ubandlululo alumukeleki futhi bonke abafundi banendima ekuthuthukiseni isikole esihlanganisa isikole.

Ukwakha Izimiso Zokusekela

Izimiso zokusekela ziqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi ababhekene nokucwaswa − kanye nalabo abakubonayo — banezindlela eziphephile, eziyimfihlo zokubika nokuphulukisa. Izikole kufanele zisungule izindlela ezicacile, ezingaziwayo zokubika, njengendlela yokubhala nge-inthanethi noma abantu abadala abathenjwayo, ngakho abafundi bangabika izenzakalo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindisela. Ngesinye isikhathi kwenziwa umbiko, iqembu eliqeqeshiwe (ukuhlanganisa abeluleki, abaphathi, futhi ngokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwe- org i-computers phery futhi inikeza ukusekela okufanele.

Amaqembu asekelayo nezindawo zokuxhumana zinikeza abafundi abakwekwekwe kuqedwe ukuba baxhumane nontanga abanolwazi olufanayo nokuhlangenwe nakho. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Gerder-Sexuality Alliance (GSA) ingaba inhlandla ye-LGBTQ+ abafundi, kanti inyunyana yabafundi yezizwe ngezizwe ingagubha izinhlobonhlobo zezimiso. Untanga unikeza abafundi abadala izinhlelo abasha nezingane ezibonisa ukuziphatha okunenhlonipho futhi banikeze isiqondiso. Izinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo ezisekelwe eGerreader-STAIT+ abafundi abaqeqeshelwe ukunakekela inhlekelele, kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nomonakalo olungokomzwelo. Izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nezahluko zendawo ze-NACP, i-ADA, noma amaqembu e-Adamfation, noma amaqembu enkululeko yabafokazini akhona esikoleni.

Izinselele Ekufezeni Izenzo Zokumelana Nokucwaswa

Naphezu kokuzibophezela okwandayo, izikole zibhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu ekufezekeni okuphumelelayo. Enye yezinselele eziphikelelayo ukumelana nezindawo zomphakathi. Abanye abazali noma amalungu angase abheke izimiso zokulwa nobandlululo njengezingadingekile noma njengokubekwa kwezindinganiso ezithile, ikakhulukazi lapho imithetho ikhuluma ngobuntuli, ukuma kobulili, noma imiqondo ehlobene nohlanga njengencazelo egxekayo yohlanga. Lokhu kwenqaba kungabonakala emihlanganweni eshubile yebhodi yesikole, kubiza ukuvimbela izincwadi ezithile noma isikole, futhi kucindezele ukululaza izinqubo ezithile.

Esinye isithiyo esikhulu yimali kanye nengcebo. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ingqondo, izisebenzi zezengqondo, kanye nezimiso zezimiso zezimiso zidinga ukuvezwa kwemali okungekho kakhulu ezifundeni ezisezindaweni eziphansi. Izikole eziningi zasemaphandleni neziphakeme ziphazamiseka kakhulu. Ngisho nalapho izimali zikhona, zincintisana nezinto eziza kuqala cishe njengokuthuthukisa amanani okuhlola, ukulungisa izakhiwo, noma ubuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuguqula izakhi zengqondo, .

Ukuphoqelelwa kubangela izinselele. Abanye abaphathi bangase bangabi naso isibindi noma amakhono okungenela ngokuphumelelayo. Abanye bamesaba ukubuyiselwa okungokomthetho noma ukubuyiselwa komphakathi uma beqinisa izimiso ngokungqongqo kakhulu. Kungaba nokuguquguquka emakilasini nasezakhiwoni, kululaza ukwethembana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi bangase banqikaze ukubika izenzakalo ngoba bayangabaza ukuthi kungenziwa noma yini noma ngoba bakhathazekile ngokuqoshwa. Izikole zidinga ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa okunemininingwane efingqiwe kanye nokuthatha indiva ezinqikelelweni zezenzakalo, izinqubo, futhi zisebenza ngendlela esebenzayo. Ngaphandle kwalezi zimiso, ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi kuhlala kungalingani.

Okokugcina, inqubo ehlala ikhona yokucwasa − ehlanganisa no-inthanethi, i-inthanethi, imibhobho, kanye nobandlululo lwe-algorithism, kufanele ivumelane ngokuqhubekayo. Izikole ezihlulekayo ukulungisa izinhlelo zazo eziyingozi zivele ngenxa yezindlela ezintsha zokulimaza. Ukuze kuqondiswe umqondisi osebenzayo ngokukhuluma ngokukhetha i-intanethi kanye ne-inthanethi yobuchwepheshe, i-website ye-CMMT inikeza abafundisi inzuzo yamahhala.

Ukunqoba Izinselele: Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Evela Ezifundeni Eziphambili

Izikole nezigodi ezicabangayo phambili zithole izindlela zokunqoba lezi zithiyo. Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu uwukwenza umsebenzi omelene nokungavumelani nomthetho njengevumelana nemigomo yemfundo eyisisekelo. Uma abaholi begcizelela ukuthi izikole ezihlanganisa abafundi baveza imiphumela engcono kubo bonke abafundi (ukuya phambili kwezifundo, amazinga aphakeme ahamba emakolishi, namakhono anamandla kakhulu ekuphileni komphakathi. Ukuhlangana komzali nomphakathi ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuthuthukisa kunciphisa ukumelana futhi kwakhe izakhi zomphakathi.

Enye indlela ephumelelayo iwukuguqula imfundo elwisana nemithetho ekhona ifakwe ezicini ezifana ne-Positive Behavior Intervenitions and Services (PBIS) noma i-Social-Emotionaling Learning (SEL). Kunokuba ziphathe umsebenzi wokulwa ne-bias njengenyathelo elihlukile, izikole zingahlanganisa inhlonipho, uzwela, nokungaguquguquki ezimisweni zansuku zonke, izivumelwano zekilasi, nezimiso zokulungisa izingxabano. Lokhu kunciphisa isithunzi futhi kwenza ukuziphatha okuvamile kube yinto elindelekile.

Izifunda ezimisa phambili imiphakathi yemfundo yobuchwepheshe (PLCs) ukuze othisha bahlole izindaba zobandlululo nokungalingani ziye zabona intuthuko eqhubekayo. Othisha badinga amathuba aqhubekayo okucabanga ngekhono labo siqu, bahlole ukwaziswa okunikeza ukuhlukana, futhi bahlanganyele amasu okwakha amakilasi asabelayo ngokwesiko. Ukuqondisa nokuhamba kontanga okunikeza ukuzwana ngemisebenzi ehlanganisayo kuqinisa ngokwengeziwe ukubaluleka komsebenzi wokulwa nobandlululo.

Izwi labafundi mhlawumbe liyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lokunqoba ukwenqaba. Uma abafundi behola izinyathelo zokwenza i-almni nge-equity board yabafundi, uhlelo lobungane, noma umkhankaso wobunye esikoleni jikelele .[1] Bavame ukuncenga abantu abadala okungenzeka babengabaza. Abadala bafunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabafundi babo. Izikole zingamema futhi u-almni oye wazuza ezimisweni ezihlukene zokukhuluma ezigijijimisweni zomphakathi, ebonisa ithonya elihle elithatha isikhathi eside. Ukuhlolwa kuka-2024 kweYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, i-Los Angeles kwathola ukuthi izikole ezinekomiti ekhuthele ehlukene yabafundi zabona ukunciphisa okungaphezu kweminyaka emibili ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinhlanga.

Okokugcina, ukubambisana nezinhlangano zomthetho zokuvikela izigebengu kunganikeza ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nosizo lwezifunda ezisebenzisa indawo eyinkimbinkimbi engokomthetho. ACLU’s Yazi ikhasi Lakho lamalungelo abafundi[ liwusizo olubalulekile ekuqondeni isivikelo sikahulumeni kanye nokugcina izikole zinesibopho. Ngokufaka lezi zisekelo zangaphandle, izikole zingaqinisa izimiso zazo ngaphandle kokuthwala umthwalo ogcwele.

Indlela Engaphambili: Ukusekela I - mementum Nomphumela Olinganisayo

Ukugcwalisa akuyona indawo okufikelwa kuyo kodwa uhambo oluqhubekayo. Izikole kumelwe zibophe isibopho sokubukeza nokuvuselela njalo izimiso zazo ezilwa nokungahleleki ezisekelwe ekutholeni ukwaziswa, ekutholeni ukwaziswa, nasekushintsheni kwezidingo zomthetho noma zomphakathi. Ukuhlola isimo sezulu kwaminyaka yonke okususa imiphumela ngohlanga, ubulili, ukukhubazeka, nezinye izikole zivumela izikole ukuba zibone izikhala nokugubha intuthuko. Ukuhlanganyela lokhu okutholayo ngokucace kakhulu kubafundi, imikhaya, nezisebenzi kwakha ukwethemba nokulandisa.

Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe kufanele iqabulelwe minyaka yonke, hhayi phakathi nokubopha. Izihloko ezintsha − njengokusekela ukudlulisa igesi kanye nokungangeni kobuIslam, ukubiza ukulwa nobuIslam, noma ukuqaphela ubuchule (-smatophobia), unyaka ngamunye ukuze kugcinwe izisebenzi zifunda. Izifundo zangemva kwesikole kufanele zibuye zihlolwe ukuze kuboniswe izenzakalo zamanje kanye nolimi oluguquguqukayo. Ngokwesibonelo, izikole eziningi ziye zandisa izifundo ngokukhetha okungacacile nokungavumelani nemfuno yemi emicrovwane ngenxa yesidingo sabafundi.

Ukugubha impumelelo kubalulekile ekulondolozeni ijubane. Izikole zingadumisa abafundi, izisebenzi, namalungu omphakathi abonisa izindinganiso eziphelele ngemiklomelo noma ukuqashelwa komphakathi. Ukugubha izinyanga zefa, njenge-Black History Month, Understable Month, ne Disability Memore, nezenzakalo zesikole zonke ziqinisa umyalezo wokuthi ukwahlukahluka kunamandla. Lemikhosi kufanele ibe yeyoqobo nengakholeki, ingabi ehlanganisa imisebenzi ehamba abafundini, izikhulumi zezivakashi, nezokuhlanganisa izifundo.

Ekugcineni, izimiso eziphumelela kakhulu zokulwa nokungavumelani kwezingane yilezo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwesikole, kodwa hhayi nje amabhukwana afakwe ebhodini. Aphila ngendlela uthisha akhuluma ngayo nesabizwana somfundi, ngendlela umeluleki asabela ngayo embikweni wokuqinela abanye, ezincwadini ezikhona emtatsheni wezincwadi, nangolimi olusetshenziswa emitatsheni yasekuseni. Ngokuzifaka entuthukweni eqhubekayo nasekubambisaneni okuqotho, izikole zendawo zingagcwalisa isithembiso sazo sokunikeza umntwana ngamunye isivikelo, okungenaphuthayo, nemfundo eshukumisayo.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zokulwa nokungavumelani zingaphezulu kakhulu kwemithetho − iyisibopho sokuziphatha nesisebenzayo sokuthuthukisa umfundi ngamunye. Izikole zendawo ezifaka izimali ekuthuthukiseni isimiso esibanzi, ukuqeqesha okuqinile, kanye nezimiso ezisekelayo zidala indawo lapho bonke abantu abasha bengase bafunde khona, bakhule, futhi baphumelele. Nakuba izinselele ezifana nokumelana komphakathi, ukusekela izimali okulinganiselwe, kanye namandla angokwenhlalo zisobala: ukuthuthukisa, ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokunciphisa umonakalo, ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yezemfundo, nokulungiselela abafundi ukuba bafundele izwe elinobungani.

Ngokuthatha inqubo engcono kakhulu .Izimiso zokusungula inqubo ebanzi, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komsebenzi, ukuhola kwabafundi, ukuthuthukisa ulwazi, nokulandisa okusobala . Isikole singaguqula izimiso zaso ezimelene nezobuhlanga ezithenjiswe ephepheni zibe izinto ezingokoqobo. Lolu hambo alulula, kodwa lubalulekile. Izinhlangano ezisekela izikole zazo kulo msebenzi azilwakhi nje kuphela izimiso zemfundo ezingcono kodwa futhi zidinga umphakathi onobulungisa. Kubafundisi, abazali, nabaholi abalungele ukuthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo, imithombo yezinhlangano ezifana nokufunda ngoMahlulelo, i-ACLU, neCDC zinikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo. Isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo sifanelekile manje, ngoba bonke abafundi bafanelwe isikole lapho bephephile khona, bebonakala khona, futhi behloniphe.