Indima Ebalulekile Yezikole Zendawo Ekukhuliseni Imfundo Nelungiselelo Lemithombo

Izikole zendawo ziye zavela ngalé komsebenzi wazo wemfundo engokwesiko. Namuhla, zisebenza njengezisekelo zomphakathi ezisekela ngenkuthalo imikhaya ngokunikeza imfundo ebanzi yokukhulisa izingane nemithombo eminingi yengcebo. Lendima ebanzi isekelwe ekuqondeni ukuthi impumelelo yengane esikoleni ihlobene kakhulu nokuzinza, ulwazi, nokusekela okukhona ekhaya. Ngokunikeza abazali isiqondiso esisekelwe ekwazini kokukhula kwezingane, ukuphatha ukuziphatha, nokuphumelela komkhaya, izikole zisiza ekusunguleni indawo lapho kokubili abafundi nabazali bengachuma khona. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela eziningi zezikole zendawo ezisekela imfundo yokukhulisa izingane nemithombo, izivumelwano ezizenza kube nokwenzeka, kanye nethonya elifanele emiphakathini.

Ukukhulisa Izinhlelo Zemfundo

Izinhlelo zemfundo yokukhulisa izingane ezinikezwa ngezikole zendawo ziphakathi kwezindawo ezitholakala kalula nezinemiphumela engcono kakhulu ezikhona emikhayeni. Le zinhlelo ziklanyelwe ukuhlomisela abazali amakhono asebenzayo nolwazi oluhambisana nosuku olusheshayo oluthuthukisa ngokuqondile imikhuba yabo yokukhuliswa kwezingane. Izikole zivame ukunikeza amafomethi ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namakilasi akusihlwa, izingqwembe zempelasonto, nemiklamo ye-inthathi yokuxhumana, ukuze kuhlanganelwe izimiso ezihlukahlukene.

Izihloko Zomshoshaphansi Ziyahlanganiswa

I - Curicula ivame ukuxoxa ngezihloko eziningi ezibalulekile zobuzali:

  • Ukukhula nokukhula kwengane - Ukubeletha phakathi nenkathi yokuthomba, kuhlanganise nezenzakalo ezithatha isikhathi eside, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, kanye namathemba afanelekile enkathi yobudala.
  • Ukukhulumisana okuhluphayo nesiyalo - Amasu okuyala aqondile, ukukhulumisana okungenabudlova, kanye namasu okwakha ukwethembana nenhlonipho.
  • Isihe nokulondeka – ukuhluzwa kokudla, ukulala, ukuvinjelwa kokulimala, usizo lokuqala, nokuqaphela izimpawu zokugula noma ukucindezeleka.
  • [ Ukufunda okungaguquguquki [ - Ukusiza izingane zilawule imizwelo, zakhe ukuqina, futhi zihlakulele uzwela.
  • [ Ukusekela okunezekhono ekhaya [ -Indlela yokwakha indawo yokufunda engcono, ukusiza ngomsebenzi wesikole wesikole, nokukhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala.
  • Ifundisa izimiso zesikole[ - Ukuqonda amasu olwazi lwemfundo yomuntu siqu (IEPs), izinkonzo zemfundo ezikhethekile, kanye nokusekela izidingo zezingane.

Izikole eziningi zenza izimiso zivumelane namaqembu obudala athile (isib., ebuntwaneni, esikoleni sabaqalayo, esiphakathi, noma esisekhondali) kanye nezidingo eziyingqayizivele zemiphakathi yazo, njengalezo ezinikezwa ngezilimi eziningi noma abazali bezingane ezikhubazekile.

Izinqubo Ezisekelwe Ebufakazini

Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zisekelwe ekucwaningeni. Uhlelo olusekelwe kubufakazi olusetshenziswa ezimisweni zesikole luhlanganisa i- Triple P – Positive Pareling Program, Iminyaka engakholeki[, kanye nezinhlangano eziqinisa iMikhaya Uhlelo [[[FLTLT:5]]. Lezimodeli ziye zabonisa intuthuko ende yemiphumela yokuziphatha komntwana nokwehla kokucindezela kwabazali. Izikole ngokuvamile zibambisana namayunivesithi endawo, iminyango yezempilo, noma izinhlangano ezingezona inzuzo zokuqinisekisa le mithetho yesikole ngokuthembeka.

Ngokwesibonelo, isifunda sesikole singaphatha uchungechunge lwesithathu lwesithathu lwesithathu lwesonto olukhululekile kubazali abacathulayo, oluhlanganisa konke kusukela ekulawuleni izitho zolaka kuya ekuthuthukiseni ulimi. Ukuhlola kwezinhlelo ezinjalo kubonisa njalo ukwethemba abazali futhi kunciphe ukusebenzisa isijeziso esinzima. (Ngokwezimiso eziningi ezisekelwe kubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi abazali, bheka imithombo yemali evela ku-CDC’s Essentials for Parenting Toddlers and Preclers).

Ukutholakala Nokusondelana

Izikole zizama ukususa izithiyo zokuhlanganyela. Izinhlelo zinikezwa ngaphandle kwenkokhelo noma ngesilinganiso semali eshintshwayo. Ukuze zande, izikole zinganikeza izingane ukunakekela phakathi nezikhathi zesikole, zinikeze ukudla kwakusihlwa, noma zinikeze usizo lwezokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha kuvumela abazali abasebenza amahora angekho ezindaweni ezikude ukuba bahlanganyele. Ngokuqhubekayo, izikole zimukela futhi izinhlelo ezisabela ngokwesiko ngokufaka amanani ezingeni elivela emphakathini futhi zinikele ngezinto zokwethula izilimi ezinjengeSpanishi, isiMandarin, isiSomali, neVietnamese.

Ngokufundisa izingane ngemvelo yesikole, izinhlangano ziveza umqondo wokuthi ukufuna usizo kuwuphawu lwamandla, hhayi ukuhluleka.

Imicebo Nezinkonzo Zokusekela

Izikole zivame ukusebenza njengezindawo zokusekela izinkonzo ezihlukahlukene ezisingatha izidingo zemikhaya. Lezi zinkonzo zivame ukuhlanganiswa ngezisebenzi zezenhlalakahle yesikole, abeluleki, noma izikhungo zezezimali ezisekholijini. Umgomo ukususa izithiyo ezingezona ezemisebenzi ukuze izingane zifunde ukuze zilungele ukuphumelela esikoleni.

Izeluleko Nezinkonzo Zempilo Yengqondo

Izikole eziningi zisebenzisa ochwepheshe bengqondo abagunyaziwe abanganikeza abafundi nabazali iseluleko esifushane. Ukuxoxa nomzali ngokuvamile kugxila ezihlokweni ezinjengokulawula ukukhathazeka, ukubhekana nobuhlungu, noma ukuxilonga kwempilo yengane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikole zingabhekisela kodokotela abasekelwe emphakathini noma izinhlelo zokwelapha eziqinile zomkhaya uma kudingeka ukusekela isikhathi eside.

Ukudla Nosizo Lokudla

Izikole zihileleke kakhulu emizamweni yokudla okunomsoco. Ngalé kwezinhlelo zokudla ezikhululekile nezinciphileyo, eziningi zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokukhwabanisa ngempelasonto, izindawo zokudla zasehlobo, nezindawo zokudla zasesikoleni. Ezinye izikole zinikeza abazali amakilasi okudla noma okupheka, zifundisa indlela yokulungiselela ukudla okunempilo ngemali elinganiselwe. Uma umzali azi ukuthi ingane yakhe ngeke ilambe, bangagxila kakhulu ekusekeleni imfundo yabo.

Ukuhlola Impilo Nokunakekela Okuvimbelayo

Ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo, nokuthuthukisa intuthuko kuvame ukuqhutshwa esikoleni. Kubazali okungenzeka ukuthi abanawo umshuwalense wempilo noma udokotela ovamile, lezi zinkonzo zingaveza izinkinga ngokushesha futhi zihlanganise imikhaya nokunakekelwa okubizayo. Abanye osebenza nabo emitholampilo yendawo bafake izinyathelo zokugoma noma izikhungo zemfundo yezempilo ngezihloko ezinjengokulawula isifuba somoya nokuvimbela ukuchayeka komthofu.

Ukuphatha Icala Nokusingatha Icala

Izisebenzi zasesikoleni zivame ukusebenza njengamatilosi emikhayeni ebhekene nezinselele ezinzima. Zisiza abazali ukuba bathole usizo lwezindlu, usizo olungokwezisekelo, usizo olungokomthetho, noma ukusekelwa ngobudlova basekhaya. Ngokwakha ubuhlobo bokuthembana, izisebenzi zasesikoleni zingaqondisa imikhaya phakathi nezwe elivame ukudida izinkonzo zomphakathi, zinciphise ukucindezeleka futhi zithuthukise ukuzinzisa.

I- National Association of School psychologys inikeza isiqondiso sokuhlanganisa impilo yengqondo nokusekela komkhaya ezimisweni zesikole.

Izinto Ezingasetshenziswa Umkhaya

Ukuthembisana komkhaya kudlulela ngalé kokukhulumisana komkhaya esikoleni kuya ekhaya. Kuhilela ukwakha ubuhlobo obunenjongo, obuhambisanayo lapho abazali bebhekwa njengabangane emfundweni yengane yabo. Izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokuthembisana zakha ukwethembana futhi zinika abazali amandla okuthatha indima ekhuthele.

Imihlangano Yothisha Nangemva Kwabazali

Imihlangano yendabuko iye yaqala. Izikole eziningi manje zinikeza izingqungquthela zabafundi lapho izingane zinikeza khona umsebenzi wazo, zinika abazali ukuqonda ngenqubo yazo yokufunda. Ezinye zimema “izenzakalo eziyinhloko” noma amahora okucosha amathuku lapho abazali bengabuza khona imibuzo endaweni ekhululekile. Izikole zisebenzisa futhi amapulatifomu okuthumela imiyalezo ngeposi, ama-apply, namaphephandaba akhuluma izilimi ukuze zigcine abazali bengazi lutho ngaphandle kokuzikhungathekisa.

Izinhlangano Zabazali Nezemikhaya

Izinhlangano zomzali-Mfundisi (PTAs) ne-Parents Office Organizations (PTOs) zihlala zinejubane elinamandla lokuthembisana. Kodwa abaholi basesikoleni bandisa incazelo yobuholi ukuze bahlanganise abazali bezizinda ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwakha imikhandlu ekhuthaza abazali elulekayo ngesimiso sesikole, izifundo, izimiso zohlelo, nezinhlelo zomkhaya. Uma abazali benezwi eliqotho ekwenzeni izinqumo, bazizwa benomuzwa owengeziwe wokuba ngabazali kanye nokutshala izimali.

Imisebenzi Nezinsuku Zobusuku Zomkhaya

Imicimbi ehilela izinto ezithile yenza ukufunda kujabulise futhi kusize.

  • [ Ubusuku bokungafundi[[FLT] -Abazali nabantwana bahlanganyela emidlalweni yokufunda futhi bathathe izincwadi zabo zangasese.
  • ntambama [ -i-Hands- on Science nemisebenzi yezibalo abazali abangayilingisa ekhaya.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Izibuko zomsebenzi kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa izimpawu [ - Izikhawu zolwazi lokuqondisa usizo lwemali, umfundaze, nezindlela zomsebenzi.
  • Izenzakalo zokugubha okungokomdabu - Ukuqaphela izizinda zemikhaya ezihlukene nokuthuthukisa umphakathi ohlanganisayo.

Lezi zenzakalo aziklanyelwe nje ukufundisa kuphela kodwa futhi ukwakha ukuxhumana phakathi kwemikhaya, ukunciphisa ukuzihlukanisa nokwakha izingosi zontanga zokusekela.

Izinhlelo Zokuzithandela

Izikole ziyazuza lapho abazali bevolontiya emakilasini, emitatsheni yezincwadi, noma ohambweni lwasensimini. kodwa ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela akufanele kube umthwalo. izikole zinganikeza izindima ezivumelana nezimo — njengokulungisa izinto ekhaya, ukuqeqesha abafundi, noma ukunikela ezingadini zesikole — ezihlonipha ukuba khona kwabazali namakhono ahlukahlukene. Lapho abazali bevolontiya, bazuza ukuqonda okujulile isimo sesikole futhi bakhe ubuhlobo obuhle nothisha.

Ukubambisana Nezinhlangano Zomphakathi

Asikho isikole esingahlangabezana nesidingo sayo yonke imikhaya. Ukubambisana okuhleliwe nezinhlangano zomphakathi kwandisa ukusekelwa nokujula ngendlela ephawulekayo. Lokhu kubambisana kuvame ukumiswa nge-metalranda yokuqonda, imvume yokunikeza, noma izinkonzo ezigunyaziwe.

Izimo Ezingazuzi Inzuzo Nohulumeni

Izikole ngokuvamile ezihlanganyela nazo:

  • [ iminyango yezempilo yendawo ezungezile[ – Imithola-khaya yokugoma, ukuhlolwa kwengane, nemfundo yabazali ezindabeni zezempilo zomphakathi.
  • Izikhungo zezisekelo zezimpahla zomkhaya - Bangase basebenze ngokubambisana ezikoleni ukunikeza abaphathi bezezimali abaningi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imali [ – izinhlelo zokufunda ezihlangene, izinselele zokufunda ehlobo, nokuthola imithombo yezobuchwepheshe.
  • amakholiji namayunivesithi [ - - unikeza amakilasi akhulisa izingane ngokuthenga isikweletu noma ukumema othisha babafundi abasiza izinhlelo.
  • Izinhlangano ezisekelwe kukholo – Ukunikeza indawo yesakhiwo, izisebenzi zokuzithandela, noma ukuxhasa ngemali ngezindlela ezithile.

Ngemva Kwesikole Nezinhlelo Ezicebisayo

Izinhlelo eziphambili ngemva kwesikole zinikeza indawo ephephile, ehlelwe kahle futhi inikeza amashabhu okunakekela izingane. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Boys & Girls Clubs, YMCA, ne-4-H zivame ukubambisana nezikole ukuhambisa imfundo yabazali kanye nezakhi zomshado njengengxenye yezinhlelo zabo.

Izisebenzi Ezingumngane Wempilo Yengqondo

Izinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo ezisekelwe esikoleni zivame ukunikezwa ngezivumelwano ezisezikhungweni zezempilo yengqondo zomphakathi. Lelilungiselelo livumela abazali ukuba bakwazi ukwelapha izingane zabo ngaphandle kokuhamba amabanga amade. Amanye ama-social anikeza futhi amaqembu okusekela abazali, njengabazali bezingane ezine-ADHD noma i-autism. I-data evela ku- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SA) isekela ukusebenza kwemibango yezengqondo yesikole.

Izisebenzi Ezingumabhizinisi Nezisebenzi

Amabhizinisi endawo angasekela izikole ngokusekela ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zomkhaya, ngokunikeza ukudla kobusuku bomkhaya, noma ngokunikeza izisusa (isinye isi, amakhadi ezipho) zokuhlanganyela kwabazali ezindaweni zokusebenzela. Abanye abaqashi futhi bavumela izisebenzi ukuba zithathe isikhathi esikhokhelwe ukuya ezingqungqutheleni zothisha noma izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezisezikoleni zesikole, ziqinisela isigijimi sokuthi ukuthembisana njengomkhaya kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini.

Ithonya Emphakathini

Izinzuzo zemfundo yokukhulisa izingane nemali yesikole zidlulela ngalé kwemikhaya ngayinye.

Imiphumela Engokwemfundo

Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuthi abantwana abanabazali abahileleke emfundweni yabo benza kangcono ngokwemfundo, banamazinga aphakeme okuya esikoleni, futhi basengozini kakhulu yokuphothula. Imfundo ithuthukisa lomphumela ngokuhlomisela abazali ngamasu okusekela ukufunda ekhaya, njengokufunda ngokuzwakalayo nsuku zonke, ukulinganisela isikhathi sokubuka, nokugcina inqubo engaguquki. I-meta-analysis ye- iNhlangano ye-National Education [[ yathola ukuthi isithembiso somkhaya sibikezela ukuphumelela okunamandla kakhulu kunokubaluleka komphakathi.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezenhlalo Nemizwelo

Lapho abazali befunda izindlela zokuyala eziqondile nokukhulumisana okuphumelelayo, izingane zabo ziba nezinkinga ezimbalwa zokuziphatha futhi ziba nokukhathazeka okuphansi. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe esikoleni zifundisa abazali nendlela yokulingisa ukuqondisa ngokomzwelo nokuzimela. Lokhu kuphumela ekutheni izingane zihlale kahle ekilasini, kunciphise ukutubeka kothisha kanye nezikhundla zasehhovisi.

Impilo Nokuhlala Uyikho

Ukukwazi ukuhlolwa kwempilo nemithombo yokondleka kuthuthukisa impilo yabantwana ngokuqondile. Abazali abathola imfundo ngokondleka nokuvivinya umzimba bavame ukunikeza ukudla okusesilinganisweni futhi bakhuthaze ukuvivinya umzimba, balwe nokukhuluphala kwezingane. Izinkonzo zempilo yengqondo zinciphisa futhi ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okungalashwanga.

Ukungakhethi Kwezomnotho Nezenhlalo

Ukukhulisa imfundo nezindawo zosizo kusiza ekulolongeni inkundla yokudlala imali ephansi nemikhaya emincane. Ngokunikeza amathuba akhululekile noma aphansi ezinkonzweni ezidingekayo, izikole zinciphisa igebe phakathi kwemikhaya enganikeza ukusekela komuntu siqu kanye nalabo abangakwazi. Abazali abanikwe amandla basengozini kakhulu futhi yokusekela izidingo zezingane zabo futhi bahlanganyele emisebenzini yomphakathi njengemihlangano yesikole, iqinisa ngokwengeziwe ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi.

Ukwakha Inhloko - dolobha Yomphakathi

Le misebenzi ingaholela ekuhleleni izimoto, ekunakekeleni abaqashi, ekusekeleni umsebenzi, nasekusekeleni ngokomzwelo phakathi nosizi. Inhloko - dolobha eqinile yezenhlalo yenza imiphakathi ikwazi ukumelana nokwamukelana.

Izinselele Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Nakuba kunamandla amakhulu, izikole zibhekana nezinselele ezinkulu ekusebenziseni izimiso eziqinile zokusekela abazali.

Ukuxhasa Nemithombo

Izinhlelo eziningi zincike ezinkokhelweni zezimali noma ezimpontshelwayo zesikhashana. Izikole ezisezindaweni ezicelwe phansi zizama ukwabela abaxhumanisi bemindeni, izinto, noma ukunakekelwa kwabantwana emashabhuni. Imishini esekela imali — njengemifantu yombuso noma izimali zomkhaya ezisesilinganisweni sesifunda — zidingeka ukuze kugcinwe izinhlelo zisebenza.

Ukuhlinza Nokuqeqesha

Othisha nezisebenzi zasesikoleni bangase bangakuqeqeshi ukufundiswa abantu abadala noma ukusekelwa umkhaya. izikole kumelwe zifake imali empucukweni yobuchwepheshe ukuze zonke izisebenzi zikwazi ukuxhumana ngenhlonipho nangempumelelo nemikhaya ehlukahlukene.

Ukufinyelela Imikhaya Engalawuleki Kakhulu

Imikhaya edinga ukusekelwa kakhulu ingase ingaba nokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba ibe khona ezimisweni ngenxa yemingcele yolimi, ukukhathazeka ngokufuduka, uhlelo lomsebenzi, noma okuhlangenwe nakho okungekuhle kwesikhathi esidlule ezinhlanganweni. Izikole kumelwe zisebenzise izindlela zokufinyelela inhlekelele nezokuzwela ngokwesiko, njengokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwemikhaya okubhalwe phindaphindiwe, ukuhlanganisa izenzakalo ezindaweni ezithenjwayo, nokunikeza amahora avumelanayo.

Umphumela Olinganiselayo

Ukususa izinhlelo zabazali kuyinkimbinkimbi. Izikole azidingi ukulandelela nje izinombolo zabazali kuphela kodwa futhi nemiphumela enjengokushintsha kwezindlela zobuzali, ukufika kwabafundi, nokusiza umkhaya. Izindlela zokuhlola ngamandla, kuhlanganise nangaphambi nangemva kohambo oluphambili kanye nemininingwane ethatha isikhathi eside, zisiza ekuboniseni ukubaluleka kwabaqoqi bezimali nentuthuko esimisweni sokuqondisa.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokubuyiselwa

Lo mqedazwe washeshisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokusebenzela abazali kanye namatheku e-inthanethi. Ziya phambili izikole zinganikeza amacebiso ansuku zonke, amavidiyo, nokuthumela imiyalezo elondekile nezisebenzi zesikole. Nokho, ukukwazi ukufinyelela izisetshenziswa kanye ne-intanethi kuseyisithiyo. Ezinye izifunda zikhuluma ngalokhu ngokuboleka izibhebhe noma ngokuboleka amachashaza eWi-Fi emikhayeni.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesiko Nokuncintisana

Izinhlelo kumelwe zibonise ukuhlukahluka komphakathi. Lokhu kusho ukunikeza izinto ngezilimi eziningi, ukuhlonipha izinkolelo ezihlukile ezingokwesiko mayelana nokuba umzali, kanye nokuhlanganisa abaholi bomphakathi ekuklanyweni kwezinhlelo. Izikole eziphumelela ngobuqotho ezikanye nabazali abasemaqenjini aphansi zingakha ukuthembana futhi zakhe izinhlelo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zomkhaya ngempela.

Isiphetho

Izikole zendawo zinezikhundla ezikhethekile zokusekela imfundo yabazali nengcebo ngoba zikhonza cishe zonke izingane futhi zisungula ubuhlobo nemikhaya. Ngokunikeza amakilasi asekelwe kubufakazi obuyisisekelo, ukusekela okubanzi, amathuba anenjongo, nokubambisana komphakathi, izikole zingaguqula ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane nabazali bazo. Ukubuya kokutshala imali kusobala: ukuphumelela komfundi, imikhaya eqinile, nemiphakathi ehlangene kakhulu. Kubaholi besikole, abenzi bezimiso, nababambi beminyango, ukutshala kulezi zinhlelo akuwona umkhakha wezokuthuthukisa izingane nabazali bazo.

Ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe, vakashela i- Head Starep aprong Childhoop & Isikhungo solwazi noma i-PTAal Family Familys[].